Relevant bibliographies by topics / WSN routing protocols

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers
  5. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'WSN routing protocols'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "WSN routing protocols"

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Mahboub, Aziz, El Mokhtar En-Naimi, Mounir Arioua, Hamid Barkouk, Younes El Assari, and Ahmed El Oualkadi. "An energy-efficient clustering protocol using fuzzy logic and network segmentation for heterogeneous WSN." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 5 (2019): 4192. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i5.pp4192-4203.

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Wireless sensor networks have become an emerging research area due to their importance in the present industrial application. The enlargement of network lifetime is the major limitation in WSN. Several routing protocols study the extension of lifespan in WSN. Routing protocols significantly influence on the global of energy consumption for sensors in WSN. It is essential to correct the energy efficiency performance of routing protocol in order to improve the lifetime. The protocols based on clustering are the most routing protocols in WSN to reduce energy consumption. The protocols dedicate to WSN have demonstrated their limitation in expanding the lifetime of the network. In this paper, we present Hybrid SEP protocol : Multi-zonal Fuzzy logic heterogeneous Clustering based on Stable Election Protocol (FMZ-SEP). The FMZ-SEP characterizes by four parameters: WSN segmentation (splitting the WSN into the triangle zones ), the Subtractive Clustering Method to determine a correct number of clusters, the FCM and the SEP protocol. The FMZ-SEP prolong the stability period and extend the lifetime. The simulation results point out that the stability period of FMZ-SEP. FMZ-SEP protocol outperforms of MZ-SEP, FSEP and SEP protocol by improving the network lifetime and the stability period.
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Kaur, Jaspinder, Taranvir Kaur, and Kanchan Kaushal. "Survey on WSN Routing Protocols." International Journal of Computer Applications 109, no. 10 (2015): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/19226-0924.

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Devika G., Asha Gowda Karegowda, and Ramesh D. "Survey of WSN Routing Protocols." International Journal of Applied Evolutionary Computation 11, no. 1 (2020): 34–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijaec.2020010103.

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Many original ideologies are being applied as a solution to the problem of wireless sensor network with the rigorous experimentation and advancement in technology and research. This article reviews various energy efficient routing algorithms, classifying them based on the methodology applied. The classification is based on the design approach used to solve the basic problem arising in the construction of a transmission path between a source and the base station [BS] with a minimum of energy consumed. The pros and cons of the routing algorithm for WSN in the stated architectures are analyzed. The parameters to be considered in the evaluation of all routing protocols are summarized.
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Sang, Lei, and Duo Long. "Application of Ant Colony Algorithm to the Hierarchical Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 1833–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.1833.

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Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have become a hot research topic in the field of computer science. Since WSNs are characterized by limited node energy, dynamic topological structure and data fusion, the design of WSN routing protocols is faced with new problems and challenges. In recent years, many new routing algorithms for wireless sensor networks have appeared, but they all have some shortcomings. This paper studies and analyzes these routing protocols, and in view of their shortcomings, proposes a WSN hierarchical routing protocol based on ant colony algorithm. And a simulation test is conducted on this improved routing protocol, and the simulation result proves that this algorithm basically achieves the design objectives of WSN routing algorithms.
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Kaur, Mukhwinder. "Types Routing Protocols based one Energy Efficiency." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 9 (2021): 709–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38057.

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Abstract: Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of autonomous sensors distributed in space to monitor physical or environmental conditions such as temperature, sound, and pressure, and to coordinate communications. The information collected reaches its destination through the network infrastructure. Energy-efficient routing protocols are becoming more important because sensor nodes are power-limited devices. Several tiered routing protocols have recently been proposed to minimize power consumption. For example, LEACH is a basic hierarchical routing protocol that uses clustering to achieve energy efficiency. Much research has been done to eliminate the shortcomings and improve the performance of hierarchical routing protocols. WSN hierarchical routing protocols and analyzes the capabilities and performance of existing hierarchical routing protocols. It also compares existing routing protocols, highlights key technical differences, and provides a performance comparison of some LEACH-based routing protocols. Finally, this article highlights the issues and challenges of existing WSN routing protocols. It supports future research on the selection of appropriate research areas and provides guidance on the selection of energy saving methods in the energy efficient design of WSN routing protocols. Keywords: wireless sensor network, routing protocols, CSMA, CH, TDMA
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Suresh, Bhukya, and G. Shyama Chandra Prasad. "A Survey on Enhanced Energy Efficient Routing Protocol of WSN for Internet of Things." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 07 (2021): 1499–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/07326.

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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are a resource-constrained network class recognized as a major energy consumer. Wireless sensor technologies are used in many commercialized industrial automation processes and other real-world applications. The WSN protocol is well-suited to harsh situations where deployment is difficult or impossible, such as the battlefield, a toxic chemical plant, the cloud, fog computing, and the Internet of Things, but not in a high-temperature network infrastructure environment. WSNs have introduced various Energy-Efficient Routing Protocols based on network (NW) organization and protocols in recent years. Various WSN routing options for energy efficiency are explored in this work. The WSN Energy Efficient Routing Protocol is compared to other routing systems. We also compare and investigate better WSN routing algorithms for cloud computing, fog computing, and the Internet of Things.
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Alazzawi, L., and A. Elkateeb. "Performance Evaluation of the WSN Routing Protocols Scalability." Journal of Computer Systems, Networks, and Communications 2008 (2008): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/481046.

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Scalability is an important factor in designing an efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). A good routing protocol has to be scalable and adaptive to the changes in the network topology. Thus scalable protocol should perform well as the network grows larger or as the workload increases. In this paper, routing protocols for wireless sensor networks are simulated and their performances are evaluated to determine their capability for supporting network scalability.
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Roy, Minakshi, Debjani Bhowmik, and Chitrapriya N. "Classification of Several WSN Routing Protocols." International Journal of Computer Applications 158, no. 8 (2017): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/ijca2017912821.

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Dr. Abhishek Badholia, Kanak Prabha Lila Ramani,. "CLUSTER BASED ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN WSN SENSOR." INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN INDUSTRY 9, no. 1 (2021): 198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/itii.v9i1.119.

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Over the past few years we can observe the WSNs or Wireless Sensor Network applications in various fields increasing immensely. The energy efficiency, network lifetime and clustering process prime goal is the working network's optimization is the focus of many of the routing algorithm. Keeping in mind the network homogeneity, for network performance reinforcement we suggest instead of single path to use multiple paths. For WSNs, Reinforcement Intelligence Routing Protocol (RIRP)[1]. In the multihop wireless sensor networks an efficient and effective method for security improvements local monitoring has worked well [2]. But taking in consideration the power consumption in the current practice of local monitoring is costly. For ensuring long-lived operations in the sensor network reinforcement intelligent routing protocol is critical [3]. For ensuring both the aspects improvement in security and long-lived operations, the development of mechanism that is effective and incorporated with the Reinforcement protocol is an open problem. With the help of local monitoring to solve this issue, section of the traffic going in and out of its neighbors is supervised by each node to keep a check on any suspicious behavior like unlikely long delays in packet forwarding [4]. To integrate the existing reinforcement protocol of the network and without any niggardly in the consumption of energy in the local monitoring with the help of a protocol [5]. In comparison to other protocols in this protocol the region of instability starts later. At a constant rate the nodes of the RIRP or Reinforcement Intelligent Routing Protocol dies. Few problems such as cluster head selection process, network lifetime and network stability are evaluated and worked in the technique proposed here [6]. To reduce the overload consumption as much as possible the nodes switches in between the active and sleep mode.
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Hussein, Aya A., and Rajaaaldeen A. Khalid. "An IMPROVED ENERGY EFFICIENT CHAIN-BASED ROUTING PROTOCOL USING ACO." Iraqi Journal of Information & Communications Technology 2, no. 3 (2019): 11–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31987/ijict.2.3.75.

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As new ideas and perspectives continue to be shared by various authors, many different aspects of WSN technology have been generated according to the pivotal role of WSN for many fields in our lives. This technology contains different components, the most basic one is the sensor nodes that communicate with each other and deliver the data. Routing protocols make the sensors' communication and delivering of data thoughtfully planned to be more reliable. Routing protocols are a wide field given the importance of their presence in the network to route the data to the best path or shortest path as much as possible among sensor nodes. This paper focus on cluster-based routing protocols that have hierarchal architecture, this class of protocols has gone through a lot of developments and improvements because of the great benefits that offer to WSN. Part of these Improvements that applied to IEEPB protocol (Improved Energy-Efficient PEGASIS-Based protocol) is enhancing the protocol work mechanism using the Ant colony optimization technique (ACO) to conserve wasted energy and thus increase the network lifetime. Therefore, this paper proposes a SIEEPB-ACO protocol that is an improved protocol over IEEPB protocol using ACO.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "WSN routing protocols"

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Barros, Gavilanes Juan Gabriel. "Réseaux de capteurs pour applications de suivi médical." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/10664/1/barros.pdf.

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Le maintien des personnes à domicile est une perspective sérieusement envisagée dans le contexte actuel de vieillissement de la population. Selon les statistiques, près d'un habitant sur trois aurait plus de 60 ans en 2050, contre un sur cinq en 2005. Cependant, les solutions actuelles de téléassistance (bouton alarme sur un collier par exemple) ont montré leurs limites. La thèse consiste à étudier des applications du futur permettant de fournir à une personne maintenue à domicile ou à l’hôpital une meilleure solution alternative fondée sur les réseaux de capteurs, capable de mesurer certains de ses paramètres physiologiques et de transmettre des données importantes aux infirmières ou médecins. Ces applications doivent s’adapter aux besoins médicaux et avoir un coût économique faible. Nous nous sommes focalisés sur des solutions de type réseaux de capteurs qui ont un coût de développement et de mise en œuvre faibles. Ce type de réseaux de capteurs offre de nouveaux services tels que la surveillance médicale et l'amélioration de la sécurité par la propagation d'alertes d'urgence. Cependant, la forte mobilité et le changement rapide de la topologie du réseau présentent un verrou scientifique et social. En outre, l'interférence de différents capteurs augmente la difficulté d'implantation de ce genre de réseaux IEEE 802.15.4. Depuis ces dernières années, plusieurs solutions ont été étudiées, comme nous le verrons dans cette thèse. Nous nous intéressons à la fiabilité de transmission dans cette thèse, car un réseau de capteurs est très limité par la capacité de calcul, de stockage et de transfert. Nous nous interrogeons dans un premier temps sur la meilleure méthode pour la livraison des données. Nous avons sélectionné les protocoles unicast et multicast issus du domaine MANET dans le but de comparer leurs avantages et inconvénients dans le contexte des applications de surveillance médicale. Nous nous sommes intéressés aux mécanismes de mise en place et au renforcement de la route dans chacun des protocoles. Les résultats de cette première étude montrent que les protocoles multicast s’adaptent mieux aux applications, car ils permettent de réduire le nombre de paquets transmis dans le réseau. Même si certains protocoles pourraient amener une meilleure performance (en ce qui concerne le débit utile) que d’autres, aucun protocole ne satisfait une application réelle. Nous travaillons sur l’exploitation d'un réseau hétérogène en distinguant les nœuds forts et les nœuds faibles. Dans ce cadre, nous avons proposé une nouvelle approche, HMR, qui permet de mieux assurer la performance du réseau par rapport aux solutions existantes. Une dernière problématique à étudier dans cette thèse est l’agrégation de données, car les données à transmettre dans le réseau sont souvent périodiquement générées avec des tailles très restreintes (quelques octets, par exemple). Nos études montrent que l’agrégation de données est une bonne solution. Cette thèse a donné lieu à deux publications en conférences internationales avec comité de lecture.
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Almeida, João Carlos Andrade de. "Intrusion tolerant routing with data consensus in wireless sensor networks." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/10831.

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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Informática<br>Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are rapidly emerging and growing as an important new area in computing and wireless networking research. Applications of WSNs are numerous, growing, and ranging from small-scale indoor deployment scenarios in homes and buildings to large scale outdoor deployment settings in natural, industrial, military and embedded environments. In a WSN, the sensor nodes collect data to monitor physical conditions or to measure and pre-process physical phenomena, and forward that data to special computing nodes called Syncnodes or Base Stations (BSs). These nodes are eventually interconnected, as gateways, to other processing systems running applications. In large-scale settings, WSNs operate with a large number of sensors – from hundreds to thousands of sensor nodes – organised as ad-hoc multi-hop or mesh networks, working without human supervision. Sensor nodes are very limited in computation, storage, communication and energy resources. These limitations impose particular challenges in designing large scale reliable and secure WSN services and applications. However, as sensors are very limited in their resources they tend to be very cheap. Resilient solutions based on a large number of nodes with replicated capabilities, are possible approaches to address dependability concerns, namely reliability and security requirements and fault or intrusion tolerant network services. This thesis proposes, implements and tests an intrusion tolerant routing service for large-scale dependable WSNs. The service is based on a tree-structured multi-path routing algorithm, establishing multi-hop and multiple disjoint routes between sensors and a group of BSs. The BS nodes work as an overlay, processing intrusion tolerant data consensus over the routed data. In the proposed solution the multiple routes are discovered, selected and established by a self-organisation process. The solution allows the WSN nodes to collect and route data through multiple disjoint routes to the different BSs, with a preventive intrusion tolerance approach, while handling possible Byzantine attacks and failures in sensors and BS with a pro-active recovery strategy supported by intrusion and fault tolerant data-consensus algorithms, performed by the group of Base Stations.
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Ullah, Muhammad, and Waqar Ahmad. "Evaluation of Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2500.

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The evolution of wireless communication and circuit technology has enabled the development of an infrastructure consists of sensing, computation and communication units that makes administrator capable to observe and react to a phenomena in a particular environment. The building block of such an infrastructure is comprised of hundreds or thousands of small, low cost, multifunctional devices which have the ability to sense compute and communicate using short range transceivers known as sensor nodes. The interconnection of these nodes forming a network called wireless sensor network (WSN). The low cost, ease of deployment, ad hoc and multifunctional nature has exposed WSNs an attractive choice for numerous applications. The application domain of WSNs varies from environmental monitoring, to health care applications, to military operation, to transportation, to security applications, to weather forecasting, to real time tracking, to fire detection and so on. By considering its application areas WSN can be argue as a traditional wired or wireless network. But in reality, these networks are comprised of battery operated tiny nodes with limitations in their computation capabilities, memory, bandwidth, and hardware resulting in resource constrained WSN. The resource constrained nature of WSN impels various challenges in its design and operations degrading its performance. On the other hand, varying numbers of applications having different constraints in their nature makes it further challenging for such resources constrained networks to attain application expectations. These challenges can be seen at different layer of WSNs starting from physical layer up to application layer. At routing layer, routing protocols are mainly concerned with WSN operation. The presence of these challenges affects the performance of routing protocols resulting in overall WSN performance degradation. The aim of this study is to identify the performance challenges of WSN and analyze their impact on the performance of routing protocols. For this purpose a thorough literature study is performed to identify the issues affecting the routing protocols performance. Then to validate the impact of identified challenges from literature, an empirical study has been conducted by simulating different routing protocols, taking into consideration these challenges and results are shown. On the basis of achieved results from empirical study and literature review recommendations are made for better selection of protocol regarding to application nature in the presence of considered challenges.
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Boyd, Alan W. F. "Node reliance : an approach to extending the lifetime of wireless sensor networks." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1295.

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A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of a number of nodes, each typically having a small amount of non-replenishable energy. Some of the nodes have sensors, which may be used to gather environmental data. A common network abstraction used in WSNs is the (source, sink) architecture in which data is generated at one or more sources and sent to one or more sinks using wireless communication, possibly via intermediate nodes. In such systems, wireless communication is usually implemented using radio. Transmitting or receiving, even on a low power radio, is much more energy-expensive than other activities such as computation and consequently, the radio must be used judiciously to avoid unnecessary depletion of energy. Eventually, the loss of energy at each node will cause it to stop operating, resulting in the loss of data acquisition and data delivery. Whilst the loss of some nodes may be tolerable, albeit undesirable, the loss of certain critical nodes in a multi-hop routing environment may cause network partitions such that data may no longer be deliverable to sinks, reducing the usefulness of the network. This thesis presents a new heuristic known as node reliance and demonstrates its efficacy in prolonging the useful lifetime of WSNs. The node reliance heuristic attempts to keep as many sources and sinks connected for as long as possible. It achieves this using a reliance value that measures the degree to which a node is relied upon in routing data from sources to sinks. By forming routes that avoid high reliance nodes, the usefulness of the network may be extended. The hypothesis of this thesis is that the useful lifetime of a WSN may be improved by node reliance routing in which paths from sources to sinks avoid critical nodes where possible.
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Bennis, Ismail. "Contribution aux protocoles de routage dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil : Application à la supervision agricole." Thesis, Reims, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REIMS012/document.

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Les réseaux de capteurs sans fil (RCSFs) ont suscité un grand intérêt scientifique durant cette dernière décennie. Un des grands défis des RCSFs est d'assurer une communication avec la Qualité de Service (QoS) exigée par l'application tout en prenant en considération les contraintes intrinsèques des capteurs. Un autre défi est relatif à la génération des trafics hétérogènes avec des priorités diverses, ce qui impose des contraintes supplémentaires aux différents protocoles de communication. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons aux protocoles de routage dédiés aux RCSFs. Dans un premier temps, nous proposons des améliorations de deux protocoles appartenant à deux catégories différentes de routage. L'objectif est de surmonter les contraintes liées aux caractéristiques des capteurs sans fil et d'assurer de meilleure performance. Dans un deuxième temps, nous proposons une solution pour remédier à la vulnérabilité de la technique des chemins multiples aussi bien dans le cas d'une seule source ou que dans le cas de plusieurs sources. Ainsi, nous avons proposé un protocole de routage à chemins multiples, capable de créer des chemins tout en évitant l'effet du rayon de détection de porteuse. Ce protocole nommé « Carrier Sense Aware Multipath Geographic Routing (CSA-MGR) », satisfait la QoS exigée par les RCSFs. Comme application directe de notre solution, nous avons étudié un scénario d'irrigation par goutte-à-goutte en utilisant les RCSFs. Principalement, nous nous sommes intéressés au cas d'un dysfonctionnement de système, tel que la rupture des tuyaux d'irrigation ou bien le blocage des émetteurs. Ainsi, nous distinguons deux niveaux de priorité pour les informations transmises par le réseau, et en utilisant le protocole CSA-MGR, nous concevons un routage selon la priorité exigée. Notre travail a été validé avec NS2 et TOSSIM ainsi par une implémentation réelle sur des noeuds capteurs TelosB. Les résultats des simulations numériques et des tests expérimentaux montrent l'apport de nos contributions par rapport aux solutions existantes<br>Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have aroused great scientific interest during the last decade. One of the greatest challenge of WSNs is to ensure communication with the Quality of Service (QoS) required by the application while taking into account the inherent constraints of the sensor nodes. Another challenge is related to the generation of heterogeneous traffic with different priorities, which imposes additional constraints on different communication protocols. In this thesis, we are interested specifically to routing protocols dedicated to WSNs. First, we propose improvements of protocols based on combinatorial optimization techniques and those based on nodes geographic positions to overcome the related constraints of WSNs. Secondly, we propose a solution to address the vulnerability of the multiple paths technique, whether for the case of a single source or several sources in the network. Thus, our main contribution is to provide a multi-path routing protocol, able to creating paths while avoiding the carrier sense range effect. This protocol denoted "Carrier Sense Aware Multipath Geographic Routing (CSA-MGR)" meets the QoS required by WSNs. As direct application of our solution, we studied a drip irrigation scenario using WSNs. Mainly, we studied the case where a system dysfunctioning occurs, such as irrigation pipe rupture or the emitters blocking. Also, we distinguish two priority levels for the data transmitted over the network, and based on the CSA-MGR, we design routing according to the required priority. Our work in this thesis has been validated through NS2 and TOSSIM simulators and also through a real implementation over the TelosB motes. The results of numerical simulations and experimental results show the advantage of our contributions compared to existing solutions
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Tudorache, Ion Gabriel. "Peripheral Routing Protocol : a new routing protocol proposal for a realistic WSN mobility model." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/7871/.

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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are changing our way of life just as the internet has revolutionized the way people communicate with each other. Future wireless networks are envisioned to be robust, have simple and efficient communication between nodes and self-organizing dynamic capabilities. When new nodes join in, a self-configuring network has to have the ability to include these nodes in its structure in real time, without human or machine interference. The need for a destination node (D) which moves at the periphery of wireless sensor networks can be argued from different points of view: the first is that different WSN scenarios require data gathering in such a way; the second point is that this type of node movement maximizes network lifetime because it offers path diversity preventing the case where the same routes are used excessively. However the peripheral movement model of the mobile destination does not resemble any mobility models presented in the WSN literature. In this thesis a new realistic WSN sink mobility model entitled the “Marginal Mobility Model” (MMM) is proposed. This was introduced for the case when the dynamic destination (D), moving at the periphery, frequently exits and enters the WSN coverage area. We proved through Qualnet simulations that current routing protocols recommended for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) do not support this sink mobility model. Because of this, a new routing protocol is proposed to support it called the Peripheral Routing Protocol (PRP). It will be proven through MATLAB simulations that, for a military application scenario where D’s connectivity to the WSN varies between 10%-95%, compared with the 100% case, PRP outperforms routing protocols recommended for MANETs in terms of throughput (T), average end to end delay (AETED) and energy per transmitted packet (E). Also a comparison will be made between PRP and Location-Aided Routing (LAR) performance when D follows the MMM. Analytical models for both PRP and LAR are proposed for T and E. It is proved through MATLAB simulations that, when compared with LAR, PRP obtains better results for the following scenarios: when the WSN size in length and width is increased to 8000 m and one packet is on the fly between sender and sink, PRP sends 103% more data and uses 84% less energy; when more data packets are on the fly between sender and sink, PRP sends with 99.6% more data packets and uses 81% less energy; when the WSN density is increased to 10,000 nodes PRP uses 97.5% less energy; when D’s speed in increased to 50 Km/h, PRP sends 74.7% more data packets and uses 88.4% less energy.
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Chen, Yibo. "Routing algorithm dedicated to environmental data collection : precision agriculture." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22572/document.

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Les Réseaux de Capteurs Sans Fil (RCSF ou Wireless Sensor Network - WSN) sont l'une des technologies les plus importantes du 21ème siècle. La plupart des chercheurs et les analystes estiment que, dans un proche avenir, ces micro-capteurs seront intégrés partout dans l’environnement de notre vie quotidienne. Ces dernières années, l'Internet des Objets (Internet of Things - IoT) est également une des technologies émergentes qui se développe rapidement. Deux nouveaux standards permettent de déployer des réseaux sans fil de faible consommation énergétique connectés à internet : le protocole 6LowPAN (Low power Wireless Personal Area Networks) qui permet notamment d’apporter l’adressage IPv6 aux capteurs grâce à l’encapsulation et la compression des données et le protocole de routage RPL (IPv6 routing protocol for low-power and lossy network) qui permet à l’information de circuler dans les WSN de proche en proche à un faible coût énergétique. Bien que le développement de ces techniques soit extrêmement rapide, plusieurs problèmes causés principalement par le manque de ressources des micro-capteurs (puissance limitée de traitement, problèmes de bande passante et de connexion des liens avec perte de données, problème de ressource énergétique limitée) demeurent et doivent être résolus, notamment pour les applications agro-environnementales<br>The wireless sensor network (WSN) is one of the most important technologies of the 21st century. Most researchers and technical analysts believe that in the near future, these micro-sensors will be integrated into the environment of our daily lives. In recent years, the IoT (Internet of Things) and WoT (Web of Things) technologies also have great forwarding. Especially, the IPv6 over Low power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN) protocol has allowed the use of IPv6 protocol stack in the field of WSN, thanks to its encapsulation and compression mechanisms in IPv6 packet header. Moreover, the RPL (IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-power and Lossy Network) provides such a powerful routing function that can be applied for a variety of application scenarios. These two key standards of IoT and WoT technologies for WSN can be used in an IPv6 stack, and they will successfully achieve the connection between Internet and micro-sensors. Thus, due to the availability of IPv6 address (128-bit), all the communicating objects, such as smart device, sensor, and actuator, can be connected to the Internet. That is the greatest advantage brought by the IoT. Although the progress of these techniques is extremely fast, several issues caused by resource constraints of micro-sensor (limited processing power, bandwidth and lossy connection link, and energy), such as QoS, energy efficient, robustness and lifetime of WSN, and the most important, the special requirement of agricultural applications. Notice that Precision Agriculture is are still very challenging and waiting to be solved. Essentially, these open questions would dabble in the aspects like telemedicine, remote home automation, industrial control etc. Thus, the results obtained in this work will have a significant impact on both economic and scientific. Economically, it can offer a solution for WSN to support sustainable development in the field of agriculture automation. While scientifically, we will contribute to the routing protocol standardization of wireless micro-sensors in the domain of environmental monitoring
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Alibabaei, Navid. "Wireless Mesh Networks: a comparative study of Ad-Hoc routing protocols toward more efficient routing." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för kommunikationssystem, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1023.

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Each day, the dream of seamless networking and connectivity everywhere is getting closer to become a reality. In this regard, mobile Ad-Hoc networks (MANETs) have been a hot topic in the last decade; but the amount of MANET usage nowadays confines to a tiny percentage of all our network connectivity in our everyday life, which connectivity through infrastructured networks has the major share. On the other hand, we know that future of networking belongs to Ad-Hocing , so for now we try to give our everyday infrastructure network a taste of Ad-Hocing ability; these types of networks are called Wireless Mesh Networks (WMN) and routing features play a vital role in their functionality. In this thesis we examine the functionality of 3 Ad-Hoc routing protocols known as AODV, OLSR and GRP using simulation method in OPNET17.5. For this goal we set up 4 different scenarios to examine the performance of these routing protocols; these scenarios vary from each other in amount of nodes, background traffic and mobility of the nodes. Performance measurements of these protocols are done by network throughput, end-end delay of the transmitted packets and packet loss ratio as our performance metrics. After the simulation run and gathering the results we study them in a comparative view, first based on each scenario and then based on each protocol. For conclusion, as former studies suggest AODV, OLSR and DRP are among the best routing protocols for WMNs, so in this research we don’t introduce the best RP based on the obtained functionality results, instead we discuss the network conditions that each of these protocols show their best functionality in them and suggest the best routing mechanism for different networks based on the analysis from the former part.
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Rukpakavong, Wilawan. "Energy-efficient and lifetime aware routing in WSNs." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14497.

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Network lifetime is an important performance metric in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Transmission Power Control (TPC) is a well-established method to minimise energy consumption in transmission in order to extend node lifetime and, consequently, lead to solutions that help extend network lifetime. The accurate lifetime estimation of sensor nodes is useful for routing to make more energy-efficient decisions and prolong lifetime. This research proposes an Energy-Efficient TPC (EETPC) mechanism using the measured Received Signal Strength (RSS) to calculate the ideal transmission power. This includes the investigation of the impact factors on RSS, such as distance, height above ground, multipath environment, the capability of node, noise and interference, and temperature. Furthermore, a Dynamic Node Lifetime Estimation (DNLE) technique for WSNs is also presented, including the impact factors on node lifetime, such as battery type, model, brand, self-discharge, discharge rate, age, charge cycles, and temperature. In addition, an Energy-Efficient and Lifetime Aware Routing (EELAR) algorithm is designed and developed for prolonging network lifetime in multihop WSNs. The proposed routing algorithm includes transmission power and lifetime metrics for path selection in addition to the Expected Transmission Count (ETX) metric. Both simulation and real hardware testbed experiments are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed schemes. The simulation experiments run on the AVRORA simulator for two hardware platforms: Mica2 and MicaZ. The testbed experiments run on two real hardware platforms: the N740 NanoSensor and Mica2. The corresponding implementations are on two operating systems: Contiki and TinyOS. The proposed TPC mechanism covers those investigated factors and gives an overall performance better than the existing techniques, i.e. it gives lower packet loss and power consumption rates, while delays do not significantly increase. It can be applied for single-hop with multihoming and multihop networks. Using the DNLE technique, node lifetime can be predicted more accurately, which can be applied for both static and dynamic loads. EELAR gives the best performance on packet loss rate, average node lifetime and network lifetime compared to the other algorithms and no significant difference is found between each algorithm with the packet delay.
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Delvecchio, Luca. "Progetto ed implementazione di protocolli a basso consumo energetico per reti wireless." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/4879/.

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"I computer del nuovo millennio saranno sempre più invisibili, o meglio embedded, incorporati agli oggetti, ai mobili, anche al nostro corpo. L'intelligenza elettronica sviluppata su silicio diventerà sempre più diffusa e ubiqua. Sarà come un'orchestra di oggetti interattivi, non invasivi e dalla presenza discreta, ovunque". [Mark Weiser, 1991] La visione dell'ubiquitous computing, prevista da Weiser, è ormai molto vicina alla realtà e anticipa una rivoluzione tecnologica nella quale l'elaborazione di dati ha assunto un ruolo sempre più dominante nella nostra vita quotidiana. La rivoluzione porta non solo a vedere l'elaborazione di dati come un'operazione che si può compiere attraverso un computer desktop, legato quindi ad una postazione fissa, ma soprattutto a considerare l'uso della tecnologia come qualcosa di necessario in ogni occasione, in ogni luogo e la diffusione della miniaturizzazione dei dispositivi elettronici e delle tecnologie di comunicazione wireless ha contribuito notevolmente alla realizzazione di questo scenario. La possibilità di avere a disposizione nei luoghi più impensabili sistemi elettronici di piccole dimensioni e autoalimentati ha contribuito allo sviluppo di nuove applicazioni, tra le quali troviamo le WSN (Wireless Sensor Network), ovvero reti formate da dispositivi in grado di monitorare qualsiasi grandezza naturale misurabile e inviare i dati verso sistemi in grado di elaborare e immagazzinare le informazioni raccolte. La novità introdotta dalle reti WSN è rappresentata dalla possibilità di effettuare monitoraggi con continuità delle più diverse grandezze fisiche, il che ha consentito a questa nuova tecnologia l'accesso ad un mercato che prevede una vastità di scenari indefinita. Osservazioni estese sia nello spazio che nel tempo possono essere inoltre utili per poter ricavare informazioni sull'andamento di fenomeni naturali che, se monitorati saltuariamente, non fornirebbero alcuna informazione interessante. Tra i casi d'interesse più rilevanti si possono evidenziare: - segnalazione di emergenze (terremoti, inondazioni) - monitoraggio di parametri difficilmente accessibili all'uomo (frane, ghiacciai) - smart cities (analisi e controllo di illuminazione pubblica, traffico, inquinamento, contatori gas e luce) - monitoraggio di parametri utili al miglioramento di attività produttive (agricoltura intelligente, monitoraggio consumi) - sorveglianza (controllo accessi ad aree riservate, rilevamento della presenza dell'uomo) Il vantaggio rappresentato da un basso consumo energetico, e di conseguenza un tempo di vita della rete elevato, ha come controparte il non elevato range di copertura wireless, valutato nell'ordine delle decine di metri secondo lo standard IEEE 802.15.4. Il monitoraggio di un'area di grandi dimensioni richiede quindi la disposizione di nodi intermedi aventi le funzioni di un router, il cui compito sarà quello di inoltrare i dati ricevuti verso il coordinatore della rete. Il tempo di vita dei nodi intermedi è di notevole importanza perché, in caso di spegnimento, parte delle informazioni raccolte non raggiungerebbero il coordinatore e quindi non verrebbero immagazzinate e analizzate dall'uomo o dai sistemi di controllo. Lo scopo di questa trattazione è la creazione di un protocollo di comunicazione che preveda meccanismi di routing orientati alla ricerca del massimo tempo di vita della rete. Nel capitolo 1 vengono introdotte le WSN descrivendo caratteristiche generali, applicazioni, struttura della rete e architettura hardware richiesta. Nel capitolo 2 viene illustrato l'ambiente di sviluppo del progetto, analizzando le piattaforme hardware, firmware e software sulle quali ci appoggeremo per realizzare il progetto. Verranno descritti anche alcuni strumenti utili per effettuare la programmazione e il debug della rete. Nel capitolo 3 si descrivono i requisiti di progetto e si realizza una mappatura dell'architettura finale. Nel capitolo 4 si sviluppa il protocollo di routing, analizzando i consumi e motivando le scelte progettuali. Nel capitolo 5 vengono presentate le interfacce grafiche utilizzate utili per l'analisi dei dati. Nel capitolo 6 vengono esposti i risultati sperimentali dell'implementazione fissando come obiettivo il massimo lifetime della rete.
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Book chapters on the topic "WSN routing protocols"

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Ram, G. Mohan, and E. Ilavarsan. "Review on Energy-Efficient Routing Protocols in WSN." In Computer Networks, Big Data and IoT. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0965-7_66.

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Udayakumar, E., Arram Sriram, Bandlamudi Ravi Raju, K. Srihari, and S. Chandragandhi. "A Novel Approach on Various Routing Protocols for WSN." In Intelligence in Big Data Technologies—Beyond the Hype. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5285-4_17.

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Padmashree, T., N. K. Cauvery, and Soniya Chavan. "Performance Analysis of WSN Routing Protocols with Effective Buffer Management Technique." In Information and Communication Technology for Intelligent Systems (ICTIS 2017) - Volume 1. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63673-3_11.

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Jagadeeswara Reddy, M., P. Suman Prakash, and P. Chenna Reddy. "Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Energy Schemes for Hierarchical Cluster Based Routing Protocols in WSN: A Survey." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3363-7_70.

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Farooq, Muhammad Yasir, Khan Bahadar Khan, Ghulam Mohayy ud din, Eid Rehman, and Sundus Amin. "Analysis of the Lifetime and Energy Consumption of WSN Routing Protocols: LEACH, EAMMH and SEP." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5232-8_54.

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Dahane, Amine, and Nasr-Eddine Berrached. "WSNs Routing Protocols." In Mobile, Wireless and Sensor Networks. Apple Academic Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351190756-4.

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Guo, Dongfeng, and Lijun Xu. "LEACH Clustering Routing Protocol for WSN." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4853-1_20.

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Pathan, Al-Sakib Khan, and Choong Seon Hong. "A Secure Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol for WSN." In Parallel and Distributed Processing and Applications. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74742-0_38.

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Kamali, Mojgan, and Ansgar Fehnker. "Adaptive Formal Framework for WMN Routing Protocols." In Formal Aspects of Component Software. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02146-7_9.

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Venugopal, K. R., Shiv Prakash T., and M. Kumaraswamy. "CBH-MAC: Contention-Based Hybrid MAC Protocol for WSNs." In QoS Routing Algorithms for Wireless Sensor Networks. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2720-3_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "WSN routing protocols"

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Ruochen Tan, Yang Xu, Zheng Chen, Min Zha, and Tina Tsou. "Improving routing protocols of WSN in WHSN." In 2012 IEEE 14th International Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icct.2012.6511188.

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Song, Xiaoyu. "Modeling and simulation of WSN routing protocols." In 2011 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Communication Software and Networks (ICCSN). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccsn.2011.6014793.

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Kaschel, Hector, and Johanna Ortega. "Energy efficiency in routing protocols applied to WSN." In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Automatica (ICA-ACCA). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ica-acca.2016.7778420.

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Singh, Anuj Kumar, Anshika Bhalla, Pramod Kumar, and Manju Kaushik. "Hierarchical routing protocols in WSN: A brief survey." In 2017 3rd International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication & Automation (ICACCA) (Fall). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaccaf.2017.8344659.

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Singh, Omkar, and Vinay Rishiwal. "On the scalability of routing protocols in WSN." In 2017 3rd International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication & Automation (ICACCA) (Fall). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaccaf.2017.8344691.

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Kaur, Bhupinder, and Sakshi Kaushal. "QoS based evaluation of routing protocols in WSN." In 2014 Recent Advances in Engineering and Computational Sciences (RAECS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/raecs.2014.6799501.

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Singh, Omkar, Vinay Rishiwal, and Mano Yadav. "Energy trends of routing protocols for H-WSN." In 2016 2nd International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication, & Automation (ICACCA) (Fall). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaccaf.2016.7748968.

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Aznaoui, Hanane, Said Raghay, Layla Aziz, and Addi Ait-Mlouk. "A comparative study of routing protocols in WSN." In 2015 5th International Conference on Information & Communication Technology and Accessibility (ICTA). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icta.2015.7426884.

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Yamunadevi, S. P., T. Vairam, C. Kalaiarasan, and G. Vidya. "Efficient comparison of multipath routing protocols in WSN." In 2012 International Conference on Computing, Electronics and Electrical Technologies (ICCEET). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icceet.2012.6203845.

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Al-khdour, Tayseer, and Uthman Baroudi. "An Entropy-Based Throughput Metric for Fairly Evaluating WSN Routing Protocols." In 2007 IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnp.2007.4375872.

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Reports on the topic "WSN routing protocols"

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Martensson, J., T. Takeda, T. Tsuritani, and O. Gonzalez de Dios. Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Requirements for Wavelength Switched Optical Network (WSON) Routing and Wavelength Assignment. Edited by Y. Lee and G. Bernstein. RFC Editor, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc7449.

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Lee, Y., and R. Casellas, eds. The Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extension for Wavelength Switched Optical Network (WSON) Routing and Wavelength Assignment (RWA). RFC Editor, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc8780.

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