Journal articles: 'WSTG'

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Shi, Hongxu. "Performance of community-based water-saving technology under land fragmentation: evidence from groundwater overexploitation in the North China Plain." Water Policy 23, no. 6 (October 4, 2021): 1542–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2021.138.

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Abstract The current water shortage crisis has necessitated an increased focus on improving the irrigation efficiency in groundwater overdraft areas. Consequently, the Chinese government has supported small farmers in installing community-based water-saving technologies (WSTs) providing high irrigation efficiency. Based on the data collected from 620 households located in the groundwater overdraft area of Hebei, North China Plain, this study conducts a stochastic frontier analysis to measure farmers' irrigation water use efficiency (WUE) and analyzes the impact of land fragmentation and WST types on their WUE. The results show that the average WUE of groundwater irrigation is 0.606. The WUE between community-based and household-based WSTs differs based on the degree of land fragmentation. A high degree of land fragmentation restricts community-based WSTs from efficiently improving farmers' WUE, whereas household-based WSTs perform better and are easier to adopt. For high land fragmentation, the WUE of the community-based WST is 9.12% lower than that of the household-based WST. However, the WUE of the community-based WST is 12.55% higher than that of the household-based WST when the degree of land fragmentation is low. Therefore, the government should pay attention to small farmers' adaptability toward WST and promote community-based WSTs on a low degree of land fragmentation.

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Fu, Jing, Shaozhong Kang, Lu Zhang, Xiaolin Li, Pierre Gentine, and Jun Niu. "Amplified warming induced by large-scale application of water-saving techniques." Environmental Research Letters 17, no. 3 (February 23, 2022): 034018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac4b52.

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Abstract Large-scale agricultural activities can exacerbate global climate change. In the past three decades, over 5 Mha of cultivated land have been equipped with water-saving techniques (WSTs) in Northwest China to cope with water scarcity. However, the effect of WSTs on local climate and its mechanisms are not yet understood. Here, we have quantified the local climatic effect by comparing temperature and humidity at controlled and irrigated sites before and after the large-scale implementation of WST. Results show that the substantial reduction in irrigation water use has led to an average increase of 0.3 °C in growing-season temperature and reduced relative humidity by 2%. Near-surface air temperature responds nonlinearly to percentage area of WST and a threshold value of 40% is found before any noticeable warming effect over the study area. Moreover, it is found that regions with relatively humid climates respond more significantly to WST. This study reveals the mechanism of WST on near-surface climate and highlights the importance of incorporating this feedback into sustainable water management and land-surface models for assessing the impact of irrigated agriculture on regional climate change.

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Tognolo, Lucrezia, Alfredo Musumeci, Andrea Pignataro, Nicola Petrone, Michael Benazzato, Francesco Bettella, Giuseppe Marcolin, Antonio Paoli, and Stefano Masiero. "The Relationship between Clinical Tests, Ultrasound Findings and Selected Field-Based Wheelchair Skills Tests in a Cohort of Quadriplegic Wheelchair Rugby Athletes: A Pilot Study." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (May 2, 2021): 4162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11094162.

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Manual wheelchair use may determine shoulder joint overload and rotator cuff injury. Chronic shoulder pathologies can also influence the propulsion ability of wheelchair athletes with spinal cord injury (SCI) during sport activities. However, the relationship between shoulder pathology and wheelchair performances has never been explored. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the correlation between shoulder pathologic findings with clinical tests and ultrasonography evaluation and the results of wheelchair performance tests. Nineteen quadriplegic wheelchair rugby players were evaluated to investigate the association between clinical and ultrasound shoulder pathologic findings and their correlation with the performance of field-based selected wheelchair skills tests (WSTs). The outcome measures were the International Wheelchair Rugby Classification Score, dominant and non-dominant Physical Examination Shoulder Score, and dominant and non-dominant Ultrasound Shoulder Pathology Rating Scale (USPRS). The WST was measured at the beginning and at one-year follow-up. A statistically significant correlation was found between the time since SCI and dominant USPRS (p < 0.005). The non-dominant USPRS was strongly related to WST at the beginning (p < 0.005) and the end of the study (p < 0.05). Data suggest that the severity of the non-dominant shoulder pathology detected on the ultrasound is related to lower performance on the WST. Chronic manual wheelchair use could be responsible for dominant SCI shoulder joint and rotator cuff muscle damage, while non-dominant USPRS could be related to performance on the WST.

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Korte, Sara, Veerle Boel, Wouter de Corte, Geert de Schutter, and Stanislav Seitl. "Experimental Study of the Influence of the Initial Notch Length in Cubical Concrete Wedge-Splitting Test Specimens." Key Engineering Materials 525-526 (November 2012): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.525-526.209.

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The wedge-splitting test (WST) is a frequently used test configuration for performing stable crack fracture experiments on concrete specimens, thus allowing to determine the fracture process and crack propagation in the heterogeneous material. However, there are no standard rules regarding the wedge-splitting specimens geometry, groove dimensions or notch length. This paper concentrates on the influence of the initial notch length in geometrically identical, cubical specimens, cast from vibrated concrete. The experimental results of nine WSTs under monotonic loading, including Fsp-CMOD curves - splitting force versus crack mouth opening displacement - and fracture energy Gf, are presented. An important effect of the starting notch length on the fracture properties is observed.

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Liu, Yan, Yuan-Yue Zhang, Shu-Qing Wang, Min Li, Yue-Hong Long, Yu-Feng Li, Yan-Kun Liu, et al. "WSTF acetylation by MOF promotes WSTF activities and oncogenic functions." Oncogene 39, no. 27 (June 9, 2020): 5056–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41388-020-1350-0.

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Hovsepyan, Azatuhi, Vahagn Muradyan, Garik Tepanosyan, Lilit Minasyan, and Shushanik Asmaryan. "Studying the Dynamics of Lake Sevan Water Surface Temperature Using Landsat8 Sateliite Imagery." Annals of Valahia University of Targoviste, Geographical Series 18, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/avutgs-2018-0008.

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Abstract Lake Sevan being Armenia’s largest freshwater reservoir has a vital economic, recreational and cultural importance to both the catchment area and the nation as a whole. At present the Sevan which has seen the dramatic - some 20m drop - in water level entailing grave ecological consequences to the whole of its ecosystem, is at the stage of recovery. Hence, it is very important to study basic parameters describing the ecological status of the lake, and their annual and seasonal dynamics. The Sevan water surface temperature (WST) is a key parameter which influences all ecological processes that occur in the Lake. Declining lake level has brought to reduction of water volume and consequently to earlier warming of lake water in spring and its earlier cooling in the fall. Besides, more frequent becomes the complete surface freezing of Lake Sevan. Remotely sensed imagery makes it possible to get immediate information on a regular basis about WST across the entire surface of lakes. The purpose of this particular research was to study the space and time dynamics of Lake Sevan WST using Landsat 8 satellite imagery. The advantage of Landsat8 images is a regular frequency of capturing and availability of another thermal band that helps reduce the atmospheric refraction-induced errors/deviations. This research involved Landsat imagery for 2000-2018. The images underwent preprocessing steps (radiometric calibration, atmospheric correction, normalization etc) and then Lake Sevan WSTs and their monthly and annual changes over the mentioned periods were derived using both thermal bands (b10, b11). The research confirmed the fact, that Lake Sevan surface completely or partly freezing with periodicity of 2-3 years, whereas before the water drop the periodicity was 15-20 years. The study of spatial distribution of WST data derived from remote sensing shows that the temperature data corresponds to the overall general picture of temperature for Lake Sevan. This research has indicated that remotely sensed images and Landsat 8 imagery in particular allow derive both WST data on a regular basis and retrospective data (since 2013).

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Anderson, Mary P. "WSTB appoints New Members." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 66, no. 7 (1985): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/eo066i007p00059-03.

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Park, Jae-Eun, Yang-Woo Seo, and Ko-Kyun Kim. "A Development of Weapon System Test Set's Display Using an Ecological Interface Design Methodology." Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society 16, no. 6 (June 30, 2015): 4147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2015.16.6.4147.

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Feng, Chuan-Ping, Hai-Xia Ding, Ying-Xin Liu, Qing-Feng Di, Yan Liu, Jian Liang, and Guang-Xi Liu. "Water-Soluble Total Flavonoids Isolated from Isodon lophanthoides var. gerardianus (Benth.) H. Hara Promote Hepatocellular Carcinoma Sensitivity to 5-Fluorouracil." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (July 17, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6623212.

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Isodon lophanthoides var. gerardianus (Benth.) H. Hara, a native medicinal plant produced chiefly across Southern China, is one of the mainstream varieties of Xihuangcao, which has long been applied in preventing and treating some common liver or gall diseases. Water-soluble total flavonoids (WSTF) extracted from folk herbal medicine have many pharmacological effects. The objective of the paper is to investigate the synergy of WSTF with 5-ﬂuorouracil (5-FU) on HCC and the related mechanisms. Cells were exposed to WSTF alone or combination treatment with 5-FU. Then, in this study, we conducted cell viability test, cell cycle and clone forming test, apoptosis assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS), Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and a xenograft tumor growth model for investigating the role of WSTF in HCC in vivo and in vitro. It was discovered that WSTF caused cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase while increasing the ROS contents. The generation of ROS levels could cause cell apoptosis and inhibit colony formation. WSTF decreased the Bcl-2 level but promoted the Bax level. These showed the mitochondrial dependence of WSTF-mediated apoptosis. WSTF combined with 5-FU have a synergistic effect to significantly inhibit carcinogenicity in vivo and in vitro. The reduced ROS changed the synergy of WSTF with 5-FU. At last, WSTF inhibit the growth of HCC and promote the HCC sensitivity to 5-FU through ROS accumulation. WSTF-increased ROS levels may partially or completely contribute to enhanced toxicity. WSTF combined with 5-FU in HCC can play a synergistic effect when applied in the clinical setting.

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Barnett, Chris, and Jocelyn E. Krebs. "WSTF does it all: a multifunctional protein in transcription, repair, and replicationThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in a Special Issue entitled 31st Annual International Asilomar Chromatin and Chromosomes Conference, and has undergone the Journal’s usual peer review process." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 89, no. 1 (February 2011): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o10-114.

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Williams syndrome transcription factor (WSTF) has emerged as an incredibly versatile nuclear protein. WSTF and the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes in which it exists, WINAC, WICH, and B-WICH, have been studied in a variety of organisms. This research has revealed roles for WSTF in a number of diverse molecular events. WSTF function includes chromatin assembly, RNA polymerase I and III gene regulation, vitamin D metabolism, and DNA repair. In addition to functioning as a subunit of several ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes, WSTF binds specifically to acetylated histones and is itself a histone kinase as well as a target of phosphorylation. This review will describe the three known WSTF-containing complexes and discuss their various roles as well as mechanisms of regulating WSTF activity.

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Dolan, Jennifer M., Hui Meng, Fraser J. Sim, and John Kolega. "Differential gene expression by endothelial cells under positive and negative streamwise gradients of high wall shear stress." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 305, no. 8 (October 15, 2013): C854—C866. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00315.2012.

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Flow impingement at arterial bifurcations causes high frictional force [or wall shear stress (WSS)], and flow acceleration and deceleration in the branches create positive and negative streamwise gradients in WSS (WSSG), respectively. Intracranial aneurysms tend to form in regions with high WSS and positive WSSG. However, little is known about the responses of endothelial cells (ECs) to either positive or negative WSSG under high WSS conditions. We used cDNA microarrays to profile gene expression in cultured ECs exposed to positive or negative WSSG for 24 h in a flow chamber where WSS varied between 3.5 and 28.4 Pa. Gene ontology and biological pathway analysis indicated that positive WSSG favored proliferation, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix processing while decreasing expression of proinflammatory genes. To determine if similar responses occur in vivo, we examined EC proliferation and expression of the matrix metalloproteinase ADAMTS1 under high WSS and WSSG created at the basilar terminus of rabbits after bilateral carotid ligation. Precise hemodynamic conditions were determined by computational fluid dynamic simulations from three-dimensional angiography and mapped on immunofluorescence staining for the proliferation marker Ki-67 and ADAMTS1. Both proliferation and ADAMTS1 were significantly higher in ECs under positive WSSG than in adjacent regions of negative WSSG. Our results indicate that WSSG elicits distinct EC gene expression profiles and particular biological pathways including increased cell proliferation and matrix processing. Such EC responses may be important in understanding the mechanisms of intracranial aneurysm initiation at regions of high WSS and positive WSSG.

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Lauric, Alexandra, James E. Hippelheuser, and Adel M. Malek. "Induction of aneurysmogenic high positive wall shear stress gradient by wide angle at cerebral bifurcations, independent of flow rate." Journal of Neurosurgery 131, no. 2 (August 2019): 442–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2018.3.jns173128.

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OBJECTIVEEndothelium adapts to wall shear stress (WSS) and is functionally sensitive to positive (aneurysmogenic) and negative (protective) spatial WSS gradients (WSSG) in regions of accelerating and decelerating flow, respectively. Positive WSSG causes endothelial migration, apoptosis, and aneurysmal extracellular remodeling. Given the association of wide branching angles with aneurysm presence, the authors evaluated the effect of bifurcation geometry on local apical hemodynamics.METHODSComputational fluid dynamics simulations were performed on parametric bifurcation models with increasing angles having: 1) symmetrical geometry (bifurcation angle 60°–180°), 2) asymmetrical geometry (daughter angles 30°/60° and 30°/90°), and 3) curved parent vessel (bifurcation angles 60°–120°), all at baseline and double flow rate. Time-dependent and time-averaged apical WSS and WSSG were analyzed. Results were validated on patient-derived models.RESULTSNarrow symmetrical bifurcations are characterized by protective negative apical WSSG, with a switch to aneurysmogenic WSSG occurring at angles ≥ 85°. Asymmetrical bifurcations develop positive WSSG on the more obtuse daughter branch. A curved parent vessel leads to positive apical WSSG on the side corresponding to the outer curve. All simulations revealed wider apical area coverage by higher WSS and positive WSSG magnitudes, with increased bifurcation angle and higher flow rate. Flow rate did not affect the angle threshold of 85°, past which positive WSSG occurs. In curved models, high flow displaced the impingement area away from the apex, in a dynamic fashion and in an angle-dependent manner.CONCLUSIONSApical shear forces and spatial gradients are highly dependent on bifurcation and inflow vessel geometry. The development of aneurysmogenic positive WSSG as a function of angular geometry provides a mechanotransductive link for the association of wide bifurcations and aneurysm development. These results suggest therapeutic strategies aimed at altering underlying unfavorable geometry and deciphering the molecular endothelial response to shear gradients in a bid to disrupt the associated aneurysmal degeneration.

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Findley, Daniel J., Christopher M. Cunningham, Bastian J. Schroeder, Christopher L. Vaughan, and Tyler J. Fowler. "Structural and Safety Investigation of Statewide Performance of Weathered Steel Beam Guardrail in North Carolina." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2309, no. 1 (January 2012): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2309-07.

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This paper evaluates the structural integrity and safety performance of weathered steel beam guardrail (WSBG) in North Carolina. WSBG is a popular alternative to galvanized steel guardrail (GSG) in that it is an aesthetic solution that blends in with the surrounding natural environment. A New Hampshire study, however, found that WSBG deteriorates more quickly. That study prompted an FHWA recommendation discouraging the use of WSBG across the country. This paper describes a comprehensive study of all WSBG installations in North Carolina, where weather conditions and deicing practices are generally much less severe than in New Hampshire. The research results did not show any trends of deteriorating thickness as a function of guardrail age (the oldest installation was almost 30 years old), elevation (the tallest installation was 4,200 ft), and annual average daily traffic (the highest traffic volume was 27,000 vehicles per day). The WSBG at all 25 test sites was shown to be above AASHTO minimum thickness specifications of 0.096 in. at a 95% confidence level. From a safety perspective, the research results suggested a lower percentage of injury collisions at WSBG installations relative to GSG installations at comparison sites, although low crash sample sizes made a more robust comparison difficult. Overall, this research suggests there are no structural concerns about using WSBG in North Carolina. The findings of this study may have broader policy implications for other states.

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Johnson, William R., Daniel R. Hendricks, Scott D. Sommerfeldt, and Jonathan D. Blotter. "Active Structural Acoustic Control of Clamped Flat Plates Using a Weighted Sum of Spatial Gradients." Shock and Vibration 2015 (2015): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/628685.

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The weighted sum of spatial gradients (WSSG) control minimization parameter is developed for use in active structural acoustic control (ASAC) on a clamped flat rectangular plate. The WSSG minimization parameter is measured using four accelerometers grouped closely together on the test structure. In previous work, WSSG was developed on a simply supported flat rectangular plate and showed promise as a control metric. The displacement on the clamped plate has been modeled using an approximate analytical solution assuming shape functions corresponding to clamped-clamped beams. From the analytical formulation, weights, which were found to be the reciprocal of the wave number squared, have been derived to produce a uniform WSSG field across the plate. In active control simulations, this quantity has been shown to provide better global control of acoustic radiation than volume velocity. Analysis is presented which shows that comparable control, regardless of the sensor location, can be achieved using WSSG. Experimental results are presented which demonstrate that WSSG works effectively in practice, with results similar to the simulations. The results show that minimization of WSSG can be used as an effective control objective on clamped rectangular plates to achieve attenuation of acoustic radiation.

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Shrivastav, Ms Smita, and Dr C. S. Dalvi. "Social Upliftment woman through WSHG In Goa." IOSR Journal of Business and Management 18, no. 08 (August 2016): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/487x-1808015255.

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Finkel, Alain, and Jean Goubault-Larrecq. "Forward analysis for WSTS, part I: completions." Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 30, no. 7 (August 2020): 752–832. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129520000195.

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AbstractWe define representations for downward-closed subsets of a rich family of well-quasi-orders, and more generally for closed subsets of an even richer family of Noetherian topological spaces. This includes the cases of finite words, of multisets, of finite trees, notably. Those representations are given as finite unions of ideals, or more generally of irreducible closed subsets. All the representations we explore are computable, in the sense that we exhibit algorithms that decide inclusion, and compute finite unions and finite intersections. The origin of this work lies in the need for computing finite representations of sets of successors of the downward closure of one state, or more generally of a downward-closed set of states, in a well-structured transition system, and this is where we start: we define adequate notions of completions of well-quasi-orders, and more generally, of Noetherian spaces. For verification purposes, we argue that the required completions must be ideal completions, or more generally sobrifications, that is, spaces of irreducible closed subsets.

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Li, Jiabin, Pan Zhou, Zhengchun Zou, Rui Tan, Lizhong Sun, and Kaiwang Zhang. "Topological Phase Transition in 2D 1T′‐WSTe." physica status solidi (b) 257, no. 9 (June 15, 2020): 2000010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssb.202000010.

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Sommerfeldt, Scott. "A compact active structural acoustic control method for minimizing radiated sound power." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 3396–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-2393.

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Active structural acoustic control is an active control method that controls a vibrating structure in a manner that reduces the sound power radiated from the structure. Such methods focus on attenuating some metric that results in attenuated sound power, while not necessarily minimizing the structural vibration. The work reported here outlines the weighted sum of spatial gradients (WSSG) control metric as a method to attenuate structural radiation. The WSSG method utilizes a compact error sensor that is able to measure the acceleration and the acceleration gradients at the sensor location. These vibration signals are combined into the WSSG metric in a manner that is closely related to the radiated sound power, such that minimizing the WSSG also results in a minimization of the sound power. The connection between WSSG and acoustic radiation modes will be highlighted. Computational and experimental results for both flat plates and cylindrical shells will be presented, indicating that the WSSG method can achieve near optimal attenuation of the radiated sound power with a minimum number of sensors.

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Liu, Xiongguo, Stephan Kelm, Chungen Yin, and Hans-Josef Allelein. "New H ₂ O weighted sum of gray gases model for natural convection flows within large cavities." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2116, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2116/1/012064.

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Abstract Radiation heat transfer plays a significant role in buoyancy driven flows for large scale facilities. In the analysis of nuclear containment safety during severe accidents, it has been found that the thermal radiation particularly affects the temperature distribution and containment pressurization due to the humidity environment. In order to model thermal radiation, one of the main challenges is the description of nongray gas property for the steam-air mixtures. The weighted sum of gray gases model (WSGG) is a reasonable method in engineering applications because of its computational efficiency. There are many WSGG models available for combustion applications, but none of them is dedicated for low temperature applications. Furthermore, most of the existing WSGG models only provide the fixed partial pressure ratios (e.g., p H 2 O = 2p CO 2 for methane). To overcome this limitation, a tailored WSGG model is derived by the Line-by-Line model for a gas mixture composed of arbitrary concentrations of H 2 O. This tailored WSGG model is valid for the pressure path length ranging from 0.0001 to 10 atm · m, and for the temperature from 300 to 1200 K. The WSGG correlations are verified against the Line-by-Line benchmark solutions with isothermal/non-isothermal temperatures and homogeneous/non-homogeneous concentrations. The results demonstrate the ability and efficiency of the new tailored WSGG formulation.

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Chen, Henry Y., Issam D. Moussa, Charles Davidson, and Ghassan S. Kassab. "Impact of main branch stenting on endothelial shear stress: role of side branch diameter, angle and lesion." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 9, no. 71 (November 23, 2011): 1187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2011.0675.

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In-stent restenosis and stent thrombosis remain clinically significant problems for bifurcation lesions. The objective of this study is to determine the haemodynamic effect of the side branch (SB) on main branch (MB) stenting. We hypothesize that the presence of a SB has a negative effect on MB wall shear stress (WSS), wall shear stress gradient (WSSG) and oscillatory shear index (OSI); and that the bifurcation diameter ratio (SB diameter/MB diameter) and angle are important contributors. We further hypothesized that stent undersizing exaggerates the negative effects on WSS, WSSG and OSI. To test these hypotheses, we developed computational models of stents and non-Newtonian blood. The models were then interfaced, meshed and solved in a validated finite-element package. Stents at bifurcation models were created with 30° and 70° bifurcation angles and bifurcations with diameter ratios of SB/MB = 1/2 and 3/4. It was found that stents placed in the MB at a bifurcation lowered WSS dramatically, while elevating WSSG and OSI. Undersizing the stent exaggerated the decrease in WSS, increase in WSSG and OSI, and disturbed the flow between the struts and the vessel wall. Stenting the MB at bifurcations with larger SB/MB ratios or smaller SB angles (30°) resulted in lower WSS, higher WSSG and OSI. Stenosis at the SB lowered WSS and elevated WSSG and OSI. These findings highlight the effects of major biomechanical factors in MB stenting on endothelial WSS, WSSG, OSI and suggests potential mechanisms for the potentially higher adverse clinical events associated with bifurcation stenting.

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Sarnow, Katharina, Stephanie Schwab, Oline Rio, Joydeep Mukherjee, Rolf Bjerkvig, and Tor-Christian Johannessen. "CBIO-15. LOSS OF WILLIAMS SYNDROME TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR (WSTF) LEADS TO IMPROVED TEMOZOLOMIDE SENSITIVITY IN HUMAN GLIOBLASTOMA CELLS IRRESPECTIVE OF MGMT EXPRESSION." Neuro-Oncology 23, Supplement_6 (November 2, 2021): vi30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noab196.115.

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Abstract BACKGROUND The prognosis for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients is poor with a median survival of approximately 15 months. The DNA repair protein O 6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) counteracts the effects of temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy and is thus associated with poor outcome in GBM patients. Williams Syndrome Transcription Factor (WSTF) has been suggested to regulate the DNA damage response pathway (DDR) in both an indirect (through chromatin remodeling) and direct manner (by phosphorylating H2AX at Tyr142). However, whether WSTF has any role in the development of resistance against chemotherapy through its functions in the DDR in GBMs, is so far unknown. In this study, we investigated whether a loss of WSTF sensitizes different MGMT-proficient and -deficient GBM cell lines to TMZ treatment. METHODS We generated WSTF knockout clones from both MGMT-proficient (LN18, T98G) and -deficient GBM cell lines (U-251) using CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology with lentiviral vectors. The PCR-based screening results combined with the T7 endonuclease mismatch assay for bi-allelic monoclonal knockouts were verified via sequencing and immunoblotting to identify candidate knockout clones. Colony formation assays were performed to determine the survival ability in response to TMZ treatment. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA. RESULTS WSTF knockout clones showed a significant decrease in colony formation after TMZ-treatment compared to the corresponding control groups (non-target single guide RNA) (LN18: Clone 59 vs control: p= 0.0456, T98G: All three studied clones vs control: p< 0.0001, U-251: Clone 7/35.1/70.2 vs control: p< 0.0001/p= 0.0107/p= 0.0119). CONCLUSION WSTF is an important factor in both MGMT de- and proficient GBM cell lines for response against TMZ chemotherapy. The loss of WSTF leads to a significantly increased TMZ sensitivity in clinically relevant concentrations for all the studied cell lines. Ongoing studies are investigating the underlying mechanisms and potential alterations in the DDR pathway caused by WSTF loss.

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Skala, Vaclav, and Nadia Magnenat-Thalmann. "Editorial to the Special Issue on WSCG’01." Visual Computer 18, no. 4 (June 2002): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003710200166.

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Sarnow, K., S. G. Schwab, O. Rio, J. Mukherjee, R. Bjerkvig, and T. A. Johannessen. "P15.02 Loss of Williams Syndrome Transcription Factor (WSTF) leads to improved temozolomide sensitivity in human glioblastoma cells irrespective of MGMT expression." Neuro-Oncology 23, Supplement_2 (September 1, 2021): ii56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noab180.195.

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Abstract BACKGROUND The prognosis for newly diagnosed adult glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients is poor even after standard therapy with a median survival of approximately 14–15 months. The DNA repair protein O 6 -methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) efficiently counteracts formation of the most lethal DNA adducts by temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy, and is thus associated with poor outcome in GBM patients. Williams Syndrome Transcription Factor (WSTF) has previously been suggested to regulate the DNA damage response pathway (DDR) in both an indirect (through chromatin remodeling together with SMARCA5 in the WICH complex) and direct manner (by phosphorylating H2AX at Tyr142). However, whether WSTF has any role in the development of resistance against chemotherapy through its ability to regulate the DDR in GBMs, is so far not known. In this study, we investigated whether loss of WSTF sensitizes different MGMT-proficient and -deficient GBM cell lines to TMZ treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS We generated WSTF knockout clones from both MGMT-proficient (LN18, T98G) and -deficient GBM cell lines (U-251) using CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology with lentiviral vectors. The PCR-based screening results combined with the T7 endonuclease mismatch assay for bi-allelic monoclonal knockouts were verified via sequencing and immunoblotting to identify candidate knockout clones. For each cell line, three knockout clones were chosen for further investigation. Colony formation assays were performed to determine the survival ability in response to TMZ treatment. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA. RESULTS WSTF knockout clones showed a significant decrease in colony formation after TMZ-treatment compared to the corresponding WSTF-expressing control groups (non-target single guide RNA) (LN18: Clone 59 vs control: p= 0.0456, T98G: All three studied clones vs control: p <0.0001, U-251: Clone 7/35.1/70.2 vs control: p <0.0001/p= 0.0107/p= 0.0119). Furthermore, two out of three clones of T98G and U-251 (T98G Clone 13 and 128 vs control, p <0.0001, U-251 Clone 7 vs control, p= 0.0062; clone 70.2, p= 0.0052) showed significantly reduced plating efficiency compared to control cells. CONCLUSION WSTF is an important factor in both MGMT de- and proficient GBM cell lines for response against TMZ chemotherapy. The loss of WSTF leads to a significantly increased TMZ sensitivity in clinically relevant concentrations for all the studied cell lines. Ongoing studies are investigating the underlying mechanisms and potential alterations in the DDR pathway caused by WSTF loss.

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Simonato, Juliana D., Marisa N. Fernandes, and Cláudia B. R. Martinez. "Physiological effects of gasoline on the freshwater fish Prochilodus lineatus(Characiformes: Prochilodontidae)." Neotropical Ichthyology 11, no. 3 (September 2013): 683–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252013000300022.

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The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effects of the water-soluble fraction of gasoline (WSFG) on the Neotropical freshwater fish Prochilodus lineatus. The WSFG was prepared by mixing gasoline in water (1:4) and animals were exposed for 6, 24 and 96h to 5% diluted WSFG or only to water. After exposure, blood was collected from the caudal vein and the gills were removed. The following parameters were analyzed: hematological (hemoglobin, hematocrit, number of red blood cells), osmo-ionic (plasma Na+, Cl- and K+ and plasma osmolarity), metabolic (total plasma proteins and glucose), endocrine (cortisol), density and distribution of chloride cells [CC] in the gills (immunohistochemistry), and branchial Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activity. Hemolysis was found to occur after 96h exposure to WSFG, as indicated by the decrease in the hematological parameters analyzed, followed by an increase in plasma K+. Secondary stress response was revealed by the occurrence of hyperglycemia in the three periods of exposure, despite the absence of significant increases in the plasma cortisol. The exposure to WSFG also caused an increase in the quantity of CC and in plasma Na+, after 24h, as well as in the enzymatic activity of NKA and plasma osmolarity, after 24h and 96h. These results indicate that fish exposed to the WSFG showed physiological adjusts to maintain their osmotic balance. However, the increase in the quantity of CC in the lamellae may interfere in the gas exchange impairing respiration.

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González-González, Asier, and Jose Manuel Lopez-Guede. "Longitudinal wind speed time series generation to wind turbine controllers tuning." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 7, no. 3 (December 15, 2018): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.7.3.199-204.

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Although there are a wide variety of applications that require wind speed time series (WSTS), this paper emphases on WSTS to be used into wind turbine controllers tuning. These simulations involve several WSTS to perform a proper assessment. These WSTS must assure realistic wind speed variations such as wind gusts and include some rare events such as extreme wind situations. The architecture proposed to generate this WSTS is based on autoregressive models with certain post-processing. The methodology used is entirely described by precise notation as well as it is parametrized by means of data gathered from a weather station. Two main different simulations are performed and assessment; the first simulation is fed by weather data with high wind speed and great variability. The second simulation, on the opposite, use calm wind speed as a data source.Article History: Received 1st June 2018; Received in revised form Sept 6th 2018; Accepted October 10th 2018; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: González, A.G. and Guede, J.M.L. (2018) Longitudinal Wind Speed Time Series Generated With Autoregressive Methods For Wind Turbine Control. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 7(3), 199-204.https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.7.3.199-204

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Geng, Weijuan, Hao Liu, Jie Yin, Yongwei Du, and Daniel Kumah. "Evaluation of Compression Behaviors of Marine Clay Reinforced with Waste Shredded Tires." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (December 23, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7780338.

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This study evaluates the compression behaviors of a soft marine clay reinforced with waste shredded tire (WST) at different sizes (<0.5 mm, 0.5–2.0 mm, and 2.0–4.0 mm) and contents (15%, 35%, and 50%). Results from compression tests indicate that the compression index (Cc) of WST-reinforced soft clay decreases with increasing WST shred size and content. The swelling index (Cs) increases as the WST shred size and content increase. The difference in compression curves becomes more significant for composite reinforced at large shred size. The void indexes of WST-reinforced Lianyungang clay can be well normalized regardless of WST shred size and content by a regression line. The WST dominates the compression behavior of the WST-clay composite, as the WST would be compressed prior to the clay particles. The results in this study provide an optimum WST content at 50% with shred size of 2.0–4.0 mm for reinforcing the Lianyungang marine clay for achieving higher compressibility, contributing to the input database of machine learning for WST-reinforced soil.

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Lockie, Robert, J. Dawes, Katherine Balfany, Ciara Gonzales, Maria Beitzel, Joseph Dulla, and Robin Orr. "Physical Fitness Characteristics That Relate to Work Sample Test Battery Performance in Law Enforcement Recruits." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 11 (November 6, 2018): 2477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112477.

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This study determined relationships between an agency-specific fitness test battery (PT500), and a work sample test battery (WSTB) in law enforcement recruits. Retrospective analysis on 219 males and 34 females from one agency was conducted. The PT500 comprised: push-ups, sit-ups, and mountain climbers in 120 s; pull-ups; and 201 m and 2.4 km runs. The WSTB comprised: 99 yard (90.53 m) obstacle course (99OC); body drag (BD) with a 165 pound (75 kg) dummy; 6 foot (1.83 m) chain link fence (CLF) and solid wall (SW) climb; and 500 yard (457.2 m) run (500R). Partial correlations, controlling for sex, calculated PT500 and WSTB relationships (p < 0.05). Stepwise regression determined whether fitness predicted WSTB performance. The 500R related to all PT500 assessments (r range = −0.127–0.574), 99OC related to all bar push-ups and mountain climbers, and BD related to none. The CLF related to sit-ups, pull-ups, and 2.4 km run; SW related to mountain climbers, pull-ups, and 2.4 km run (r range = −0.127–−0.315). Push-ups, pull-ups, and 2.4 km run were involved in predictive relationships for 99OC, CLF, SW, and 500R (r2 range = 0.217–0.500). To perform better in the WSTB and job-specific tasks, developing upper-body strength and aerobic fitness may be beneficial.

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Lin, Hongqiang, Hailin Zhu, Jing Tan, Han Wang, Qinghai Dong, Fulin Wu, Yunhe Liu, Pingya Li, and Jinping Liu. "Non-Targeted Metabolomic Analysis of Methanolic Extracts of Wild-Simulated and Field-Grown American Ginseng." Molecules 24, no. 6 (March 18, 2019): 1053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24061053.

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Aiming at revealing the structural diversity of secondary metabolites and the different patterns in wild-simulated American ginseng (WsAG) and field-grown American ginseng (FgAG), a comprehensive and unique phytochemical profile study was carried out. In the screening analysis, a total of 121 shared compounds were characterized in FgAG and WsAG, respectively. The results showed that both of these two kinds of American ginseng were rich in natural components, and were similar in terms of the kinds of compound they contained. Furthermore, in non-targeted metabolomic analysis, when taking the contents of the constituents into account, it was found that there indeed existed quite a difference between FgAG and WsAG, and 22 robust known biomarkers enabling the differentiation were discovered. For WsAG, there were 12 potential biomarkers including two ocotillol-type saponins, two steroids, six damarane-type saponins, one oleanane-type saponins and one other compound. On the other hand, for FgAG, there were 10 potential biomarkers including two organic acids, six damarane-type saponins, one oleanane-type saponin, and one ursane. In a word, this study illustrated the similarities and differences between FgAG and WsAG, and provides a basis for explaining the effect of different growth environments on secondary metabolites.

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Kim, Sung Soo, Chong Kyu Lee, Hag Mo Kang, Soo Im Choi, So Hui Jeon, and Hyun Kim. "Land Suitability Evaluation for Wild-Simulated Ginseng Cultivation in South Korea." Land 10, no. 2 (January 21, 2021): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10020094.

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Wild-simulated ginseng (WSG) is highly sensitive to growth conditions. Nevertheless, the suitability evaluation of actual WSG cultivation sites for a sustainable yield has not been conducted in South Korea, nor at a global level. This study aimed to evaluate the suitability of actual WSG cultivation sites to understand the status of these sites and to present a methodology that can be applied to the determination of WSG cultivation sites by combining the major factors essential for WSG growth. Suitability was evaluated for the WSG cultivation sites using geographic information systems (GIS). The study region has a high forest coverage of 77%, of which 48.7% was possibly suitable (including suitable sites) for WSG cultivation. However, of the area of actual WSG cultivation sites, 43.6% was probably unsuitable (including unsuitable sites). The WSG yield showed a relatively low rate of increase compared to the rate of increase in the cultivation area, and the rate of increase in the production amount showed a tendency to decrease. In regions and countries with high forest coverage, the application of scientific techniques, such as GIS should be considered to identify suitable WSG cultivation sites. The application of the methodology of this study will be a useful method for the production of high-quality WSG and sustainable yield.

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DAVOUDIASL, HOOMAN. "SIGNATURES OF EXTRA DIMENSIONS AT eγ AND γγ COLLIDERS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 15, no. 16 (June 30, 2000): 2613–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x0000269x.

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We study the processes γe→γe and γγ→γγ, in the context of the proposal for Weak Scale Quantum Gravity (WSQG) with large extra dimensions. With an ultraviolet cutoff MS~1 TeV for the effective gravity theory, the cross sections obtained for these processes at the Next Linear Collider (NLC), with the eγ an γγ options, deviate from the predictions of the Standard Model significantly. Our results suggest that, for typical proposed NLC energies and luminosities, the predictions of WSQG can be tested in the range 1 TeV≲MS≲10 TeV, making eγ an γγ colliders important tools for probing WSQG.

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Zhang, Manli, Hongzhi Liu, and Qiang Wang. "Characterization of β-Glucan-Peanut Protein Isolate/Soy Protein Isolate Conjugates and Their Application on Low-Fat Sausage." Molecules 27, no. 9 (May 9, 2022): 3037. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27093037.

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Polysaccharide–protein conjugates can improve the functional properties and expand the application field. The emulsifying, thermal properties of WSG-PPI conjugates and WSG-SPI conjugates were improved, compared to WSG, PPI and SPI. The Maillard reaction was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Circular dichroism (CD) exhibited that the structure of the conjugates was more expanded. Cryo-SEM and AFM demonstrated that the WSG, WSG-PPI and WSG-SPI conjugates had a morphology of a chain. When the conjugates were added as fat substitutes to low-fat sausage, the cooking yield, hardness and chewiness increased. The objective of this research was to study the emulsifying property, thermal property and structural changes of β-glucan-peanut protein isolate (WSG-PPI) conjugates and β-glucan-soy protein isolate (WSG-SPI) conjugates prepared through wet-heated Maillard reaction, and their effect on the texture of low-fat sausage.

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Shin, Seongmin, Mi Sun Park, Hansol Lee, Seongeun Lee, Haeun Lee, Tae Hoon Kim, and Hyo Jin Kim. "Global Trends in Research on Wild-Simulated Ginseng: Quo Vadis?" Forests 12, no. 6 (May 24, 2021): 664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12060664.

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To the best of our knowledge, no study has systematically reviewed and analyzed the research trends of wild-simulated ginseng (WSG) used for food or medicinal purposes in many countries. WSG, a non-timber forest product, has been traditionally produced using agroforestry practices, and it has been consumed in various ways for a long time. WSG has a great demand in the market due to its medicinal effects, particularly in improving forest livelihoods and human health. Due to the significance of WSG, we conducted this research to explore the global research trends on WSG using systematic review methodology and keyword analysis. We used two international academic databases, the Web of Science and SCOPUS, to extract 115 peer-reviewed articles published from 1982 to 2020. The research subjects, target countries, and keywords were analyzed. Our results indicate four categories of WSG research subjects, namely growth conditions, components, effects on humans/animals, and the environment of WSG, and the case studies were mainly from the Republic of Korea, China, and the USA. Through topic modelling, research keywords were classified into five groups, namely medicinal effects, metabolite analysis, genetic diversity, cultivation conditions, and bioactive compounds. We observed that the research focus on WSG changed from the biological properties and cultivation conditions of WSG to the precise identification and characterization of bioactive metabolites of WSG. This change indicates an increased academic interest in the value-added utilization of WSG.

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Borobia, Alberto, and Roberto Canogar. "The WST-decomposition for partial matrices." Linear Algebra and its Applications 564 (March 2019): 95–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.laa.2018.11.028.

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Janoš, Major. "WSG TEHNOLOGIJA U SLUŽBI HIDROTEHNIČKIH KONSTRUKCIJA." Zbornik radova Građevinskog fakulteta 31, no. 27 (2015): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.14415/konferencijagfs2015.010.

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Hao Yi and Zhang Duan. "New development of WST in China." IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 35, no. 4 (1989): 852–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/30.106907.

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Huegel, Micah, Sango Otieno, and Lisa K. Kenyon. "Validity of the WST and the WST-Q in children with spina bifida: a pilot project." Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology 14, no. 7 (January 24, 2019): 744–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17483107.2018.1550114.

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Bozhenok, L. "WSTF-ISWI chromatin remodeling complex targets heterochromatic replication foci." EMBO Journal 21, no. 9 (May 1, 2002): 2231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emboj/21.9.2231.

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Chambart, Pierre, Alain Finkel, and Sylvain Schmitz. "Forward analysis and model checking for trace bounded WSTS." Theoretical Computer Science 637 (July 2016): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2016.04.020.

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Zhao, Zhuo, Xiaowei Lu, Yu Guo, and Xiaofeng Zhao. "Seismic Fragility Assessment of Base-Isolated Steel Water Storage Tank." Shock and Vibration 2020 (October 28, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8835943.

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Steel water storage tanks (WSTs) are among the important components of water treatment industry facilities that are expected to remain functional and applicable after strong earthquakes. In this study, the seismic vulnerability of base-isolated steel WST is investigated. A three-dimensional finite element stick model of the targeted tank is created using OpenSees. This model is capable of reproducing convective, impulsive, and rigid responses of fluid-tank systems. Time-history responses of convective displacement, bearing displacement, and base shear force for base-isolated tank subjected to a typical ground motion are compared. Furthermore, time-history analysis based on a suite of 80 ground motions is conducted. The seismic demand models for various responses are established and the most efficient intensity measure (IM) is determined based on the dispersion and coefficient of determination. Seismic fragility curves for different responses are derived for all three damage states using cloud analysis. The results from this study reveal that (i) the convective displacement is significantly greater than bearing displacement; (ii) peak ground displacement (PGD) is the most efficient and sufficient IM for the targeted tank; and (iii) the characteristic of isolation bearing significantly influences the seismic fragilities of convective displacement and bearing displacement and has a little impact on base shear force, which makes the selection of the proper characteristic parameters for isolation bearing very essential. The analysis technique and procedure mentioned above as well as derived insights are of significance to general liquid storage tank system configuration.

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Mahone, William, and Randy Kays. "The Behavior of Outgassed Materials in Thermal Vacuums." Journal of the IEST 31, no. 5 (September 1, 1988): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.1.31.5.k6182152g2262x25.

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Scientists at the NASA White Sands Test Facility (WSTF) are investigating the relationship between outgassing and condensation for aerospace materials in space-like environments. The WSTF throughput test method was validated by previous testing at WSTF using palmitic acid. Data from these tests were compared with data from other preliminary tests by using adipic and behenic acids. The comparison indicates that surface forces between outgassed molecules and the condensing surfaces cause the condensation flux to be different from the incident flux. These forces can also cause the evaporative flux to be different from the expected value. These discrepancies are discussed in terms of both potential and dynamic interactions of outgassed molecules with surfaces. Although these surface forces are noticeable, their overall effect on the test is minimal.

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Li, Zhaohui, Shuaifei Li, Tao Yu, and Xiaoli Li. "Measuring the Coupling Direction between Neural Oscillations with Weighted Symbolic Transfer Entropy." Entropy 22, no. 12 (December 21, 2020): 1442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22121442.

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Neural oscillations reflect rhythmic fluctuations in the synchronization of neuronal populations and play a significant role in neural processing. To further understand the dynamic interactions between different regions in the brain, it is necessary to estimate the coupling direction between neural oscillations. Here, we developed a novel method, termed weighted symbolic transfer entropy (WSTE), that combines symbolic transfer entropy (STE) and weighted probability distribution to measure the directionality between two neuronal populations. The traditional STE ignores the degree of difference between the amplitude values of a time series. In our proposed WSTE method, this information is picked up by utilizing a weighted probability distribution. The simulation analysis shows that the WSTE method can effectively estimate the coupling direction between two neural oscillations. In comparison with STE, the new method is more sensitive to the coupling strength and is more robust against noise. When applied to epileptic electrocorticography data, a significant coupling direction from the anterior nucleus of thalamus (ANT) to the seizure onset zone (SOZ) was detected during seizures. Considering the superiorities of the WSTE method, it is greatly advantageous to measure the coupling direction between neural oscillations and consequently characterize the information flow between different brain regions.

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Doukhan, David, Géraldine Poels, Zohra Rezgui, and Jean Carrive. "Describing Gender Equality in French Audiovisual Streams with a Deep Learning Approach." Audiovisual Data in Digital Humanities 7, no. 14 (December 31, 2018): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.18146/2213-0969.2018.jethc156.

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A large-scale description of men and women speaking-time in media is presented, based on the analysis of about 700.000 hours of French audiovisual documents, broadcasted from 2001 to 2018 on 22 TV channels and 21 radio stations. Speaking-time is described using Women Speaking Time Percentage (WSTP), which is estimated using automatic speaker gender detection algorithms, based on acoustic machine learning models. WSTP variations are presented across channels, years, hours, and regions. Results show that men speak twice as much as women on TV and on radio in 2018, and that they used to speak three times longer than women in 2004. We also show only one radio station out of the 43 channels considered is associated to a WSTP larger than 50%. Lastly, we show that WSTP is lower during high-audience time-slots on private channels. This work constitutes a massive gender equality study based on the automatic analysis of audiovisual material and offers concrete perspectives for monitoring gender equality in media.The software used for the analysis has been released in open-source, and the detailed results obtained have been released in open-data.

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Davis, Loren G., Daniel W. Bean, and Alexander J. Nyers. "MORPHOMETRIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES OF WESTERN STEMMED TRADITION PROJECTILE POINTS REVEALED IN A SECOND ARTIFACT CACHE FROM THE COOPER'S FERRY SITE, IDAHO." American Antiquity 82, no. 3 (May 4, 2017): 536–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aaq.2017.9.

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In western North America, the Western Stemmed Tradition (WST) is contemporaneous with, but technologically different from, the Clovis Paleoindian Tradition as initially defined from the Great Plains and American Southwest. The foundational principles of WST lithic technology have not been as clearly delineated as those of their fluted and unfluted Paleoindian Tradition technological counterparts, largely due to the paucity of extensive WST lithic assemblages recovered from intact buried contexts. Recent excavations at the Cooper's Ferry site, located in western Idaho, revealed a stratified series of WST components spanning the late Pleistocene to early Holocene periods. The study of these components offers a unique opportunity to evaluate current expectations about WST lithic technology. Here, we describe the discovery, context, and contents of a new cache of 14 WST projectile points from the Cooper's Ferry site that provide clues about WST lithic reduction patterns and the design of early stemmed projectile points. We employ several novel methods of lithic analysis based on three-dimensional digital scanning technology and geometric morphometry and, in doing so, seek to demonstrate new ways of studying stone tools through the use of next-generation methods of lithic analysis applied to exploring the poorly known technological details of the WST.

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Cesaretti, Mário Luís Ribeiro, Milton Ginoza, Artur Beltrame Ribeiro, and Osvaldo Kohlmann Jr. "Hemodinâmica sistêmica e função ventricular esquerda de ratos hipertensos tornados diabéticos." Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia 54, no. 9 (December 2010): 842–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-27302010000900011.

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OBJETIVO: Avaliar a indução do diabetes melito tipo 1 (DM1) na hemodinâmica sistêmica e função ventricular de ratos normotensos e hipertensos. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: O DM1 foi induzido por estreptozotocina em ratos Wistar (WST), borderline hypertensive rats (BHR) e spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). A hemodinâmica sistêmica foi avaliada por termodiluição e a função ventricular, pela preparação de Langendorff. RESULTADOS: A indução de DM1 produziu aumento na pressão arterial de WST e BHR. O DM1 determinou aumento na resistência periférica total no grupo WST e diminuição do débito cardíaco e do volume sistólico nos grupos WST e BHR. Índices de função sistólica foram reduzidos e a rigidez ventricular, apenas nos ratos WST diabéticos. Todos esses efeitos foram mais proeminentes nos ratos WST diabéticos. CONCLUSÃO: O DM1 foi acompanhado por importantes alterações nas funções sistólica e diastólica, levando a uma diminuição nos valores hemodinâmicos sistêmicos que não foram alterados pela hipertensão arterial.

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Athayde Júnior, G. B., D. D. Mara, H. W. Pearson, and S. A. Silva. "Faecal coliform die-off in wastewater storage and treatment reservoirs." Water Science and Technology 42, no. 10-11 (November 1, 2000): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0627.

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This paper describes faecal coliform (FC) removal in pilot-scale Wastewater Storage and Treatment Reservoirs (WSTR) in northeast Brazil. FC decay during the filling phase of WSTR was very reduced, suggesting that these reactors should be filled as quickly as possible, and subjected to the highest organic loading that will not cause odour emissions. The highest loading employed in this study was 659 kgBOD5/ha.d, causing no nuisance conditions. During the resting phase, FC decay rate decreased exponentially and Chick's law was modified. The time into the resting phase for FC to reach 103 cfu/100 mL ranged from 15 to 25 days as WSTR depth varied from 2.00 to 6.50 m. The performance of sequential batch-fed waste stabilization ponds (SBFWSP) in removing FC was compared to that of waste stabilization ponds (WSP) operated in series. It was shown that, in general, SBFWSP were cheaper than WSP in series, with the bacteriological quality of the effluent in the former being more reliably predicted than in the latter operational regime. When provision of volume to store the winter effluents is considered, a WSP system presents a higher benefit/cost ratio than a hybrid WSP-WSTR system, but the adoption of the latter can double the annual net return for a rainy season of 5 months for instance. In the case of use of the hybrid WSP-WSTR system, the net return would be US$ 0.17 – 0.22 per cubic metre of available wastewater, depending on the length of the rainy season (3 – 5 months considered) as compared to US$ 0.12 from the WSP system alone.

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Qiu, Wei-Lun, Wei-Hung Hsu, Shu-Ming Tsao, Ai-Jung Tseng, Zhi-Hu Lin, Wei-Jyun Hua, Hsin Yeh, et al. "WSG, a Glucose-Rich Polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum, Combined with Cisplatin Potentiates Inhibition of Lung Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo." Polymers 13, no. 24 (December 13, 2021): 4353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13244353.

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Lung cancer has the highest global mortality rate of any cancer. Although targeted therapeutic drugs are commercially available, the common drug resistance and insensitivity to cisplatin-based chemotherapy, a common clinical treatment for lung cancer, have prompted active research on alternative lung cancer therapies and methods for mitigating cisplatin-related complications. In this study, we investigated the effect of WSG, a glucose-rich, water soluble polysaccharide derived from Ganoderma lucidum, on cisplatin-based treatment for lung cancer. Murine Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC1) cells were injected into C57BL/6 mice subcutaneously and through the tail vein. The combined administration of WSG and cisplatin effectively inhibited tumor growth and the formation of metastatic nodules in the lung tissue of the mice. Moreover, WSG increased the survival rate of mice receiving cisplatin. Co-treatment with WSG and cisplatin induced a synergistic inhibitory effect on the growth of lung cancer cells, enhancing the apoptotic responses mediated by cisplatin. WSG also reduced the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin in both macrophages and normal lung fibroblasts. Our findings suggest that WSG can increase the therapeutic effectiveness of cisplatin. In clinical settings, WSG may be used as an adjuvant or supplementary agent.

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Gehlot, Ravi, Kunal Pardikar, Neeraj Kumar Dasila, and Surajeet Mohanty. "Solar PV Integrated World Super Grid (WSG): Possibilities, Implementation Issues and Impacts." Journal of Clean Energy Technologies 4, no. 1 (2015): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/jocet.2016.v4.247.

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Ye, Ting, Shengyan Huang, Yi Dong, and Qiang Dong. "Comparison of two bedside evaluation methods of dysphagia in patients with acute stroke." Stroke and Vascular Neurology 3, no. 4 (November 14, 2018): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/svn-2018-000170.

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BackgroundDysphagia is a common complication after stroke. Water swallowing test (WST) is a recognised but limited tool in providing details about dysphagia, including severity and how to adjust the diet based on the test results.MethodsWe performed a prospective observational study of comparing WST and volume–viscosity swallow test (V-VST) in patients with acute stroke within 14 days. All patients had WST and if failed would have a V-VST. The primary outcome was to compare the dysphagia levels assessed by these two test tools. The secondary outcome was to explore the predictive capability in patients who were at high risk of pneumonia by these two swallowing tests.ResultsConsecutively 276 patients with stroke were enrolled in our study, and 197 had normal WST. Among 79 patients who had both WST and V-VST, 20 showed swallowing safety and effectiveness by V-VST. The chance of being on tube feeding was strongly related to the positive results of failed WST (p<0.001). Both tests showed good predictive ability in patients with stroke for pneumonia even some of them were placed on tube feeding (p=0.001 in WST and p<0.001 in V-VST).ConclusionsV-VST performed better as a clinical screening test for dysphagia in patients with acute stroke at the bedside.Trial registration numberChiCTR1800016442.

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Zhu, Wenxi, and Xiuhua Zheng. "Application of modified starch in high-temperature-resistant colloidal gas aphron (CGA) drilling fluids." Journal of Polymer Engineering 41, no. 6 (May 17, 2021): 458–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2021-0042.

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Abstract Colloidal gas aphrons (CGA) are finding increasing application in depleted oil and gas reservoirs because of their distinctive characteristics. To overcome the limitations of its application in high-temperature drilling, a modified starch foams stabilizer WST with a temperature resistance of 160 °C was synthesized via radical polymerization. The chemical structure of WST was characterized by Fourier infrared spectroscopy and results showed that all three monomers acrylamide, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid, and N-vinylpyrrolidone have been grafted onto starch efficiently. Based on the microscopic observations, highly stable aphrons have been successfully generated in the WST-based CGA drilling fluids within 160 °C, and most aphrons lie in the range of 10–150 μm. WST can provide higher viscosity at high temperatures compared to xanthan gum, which helps to extend foam life and stability by enhancing the film strength and slowing down the gravity drainage. Results show that WST-CGA aged at elevated temperatures (120–160 °C) is a high-performance drilling fluid with excellent shear-thinning behavior, cutting carrying capacity, and filtration control ability. The significant improvement of filtration control and well-building capability at high temperatures is an important advantage of WST-CGA, which can be attributed to the enhancement of mud cake quality by WST.

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Chen, Henry Y., Anjan K. Sinha, Jenny S. Choy, Hai Zheng, Michael Sturek, Brian Bigelow, Deepak L. Bhatt, and Ghassan S. Kassab. "Mis-sizing of stent promotes intimal hyperplasia: impact of endothelial shear and intramural stress." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 301, no. 6 (December 2011): H2254—H2263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00240.2011.

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Abstract:

Stent can cause flow disturbances on the endothelium and compliance mismatch and increased stress on the vessel wall. These effects can cause low wall shear stress (WSS), high wall shear stress gradient (WSSG), oscillatory shear index (OSI), and circumferential wall stress (CWS), which may promote neointimal hyperplasia (IH). The hypothesis is that stent-induced abnormal fluid and solid mechanics contribute to IH. To vary the range of WSS, WSSG, OSI, and CWS, we intentionally mismatched the size of stents to that of the vessel lumen. Stents were implanted in coronary arteries of 10 swine. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) was used to size the coronary arteries and stents. After 4 wk of stent implantation, IVUS was performed again to determine the extent of IH. In conjunction, computational models of actual stents, the artery, and non-Newtonian blood were created in a computer simulation to yield the distribution of WSS, WSSG, OSI, and CWS in the stented vessel wall. An inverse relation ( R2 = 0.59, P < 0.005) between WSS and IH was found based on a linear regression analysis. Linear relations between WSSG, OSI, and IH were observed ( R2 = 0.48 and 0.50, respectively, P < 0.005). A linear relation ( R2 = 0.58, P < 0.005) between CWS and IH was also found. More statistically significant linear relations between the ratio of CWS to WSS (CWS/WSS), the products CWS × WSSG and CWS × OSI, and IH were observed ( R2 = 0.67, 0.54, and 0.56, respectively, P < 0.005), suggesting that both fluid and solid mechanics influence the extent of IH. Stents create endothelial flow disturbances and intramural wall stress concentrations, which correlate with the extent of IH formation, and these effects were exaggerated with mismatch of stent/vessel size. These findings reveal the importance of reliable vessel and stent sizing to improve the mechanics on the vessel wall and minimize IH.

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Journal articles on the topic 'WSTG'

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