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Books on the topic 'WTO principles of non-discrimination'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Non-discrimination in international trade in services: 'likeness' in WTO/GATS. Cambridge University Press, 2010.

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Achkasov, Evgeniy, Yuriy Vinnik, and Svetlana Dunaevskaya. Immunopathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1089245.

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The monograph devoted to the study of the role of the immune system in the development and progression of acute pancreatitis consistently covers the issues of etiology, classification, diagnosis and modern treatment principles. Special attention is paid to the issues of non-specific immune protection, indicators of immune status, types of generation of reactive oxygen species in macrophage-granulocyte cells depending on the severity of acute pancreatitis. The section for assessing the structural and functional state of lymphocytes in the development of acute pancreatitis by evaluating the bleb

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Norah, Gallagher, and Shan Wenhua. 4 Non-Discrimination Treatment. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law:iic/9780199230259.003.004.

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The non-discrimination principle is one of the fundamental principles underpinning international investment treaties. Its most common manifestations are the most-favoured-nation clause (MFN) and the national treatment (NT) clause. All Chinese BITs and FTAs have included some form of non-discrimination requirements—all of them have an MFN clause, whilst fewer than half of them also have an NT clause. This chapter deals with the two standards of non-discrimination treatment: most-favoured-nation treatment and national treatment. For each standard, the general meaning and application by arbitrati

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Ewan, McKendrick. Ch.7 Non-performance, s.4: Damages, Art.7.4.12. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198702627.003.0161.

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This commentary analyses Article 7.4.12 of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) concerning the currency in which to assess damages. Art 7.4.12 deals with the assessment of damages and the currency in which damages are to be assessed, and not with the currency of payment under the contract. According to this provision, damages are to be assessed either in the currency in which the monetary obligation was expressed or in the currency in which the harm was suffered, whichever is more appropriate. The text of Art 7.4.12 does not make it clear who is to decide which

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Peter, Huber. Ch.7 Non-performance, s.3: Termination, Art.7.3.4. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198702627.003.0145.

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This commentary analyses Article 7.3.4 of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) concerning adequate assurance of due performance. Like Art 7.3.3, Art 7.3.4 relates to cases of ‘anticipatory breach’. In that context, Art 7.3.4 provides remedies for those cases which do not reach the high standard of probability required for the right to terminate under Art 7.3.3. Under Art 7.3.4, a party who reasonably believes that there will be a fundamental non-performance by the other party may demand adequate assurance of due performance and may meanwhile withhold its own per

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Ewan, McKendrick. Ch.7 Non-performance, s.4: Damages, Art.7.4.13. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198702627.003.0162.

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This commentary analyses Article 7.4.13 of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) concerning the agreed payment for non-performance. Art 7.4.13 applies where a term of the contract provides that ‘a party who does not perform is to pay a specified sum to the aggrieved party for such non-performance’. According to Art 7.4.13, the aggrieved party is entitled to recover the specified sum from the non-performing party and it can do so irrespective of the harm which it has in fact suffered as a result of the non-performance. However, the specified sum may be reduced to

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Harriet, Schelhaas. Ch.7 Non-performance, s.2: Right to performance, Art.7.2.2. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198702627.003.0137.

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This commentary analyses Article 7.2.2 of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) concerning the right of an aggrieved party to require performance of non-monetary obligations. According to Article 7.2.2, a party may require performance from the other party who does not perform unless: performance is impossible in law or in fact; performance or, where relevant, enforcement is unreasonably burdensome or expensive; the party entitled to performance may reasonably obtain performance from another source; performance is of an exclusively personal character; or the party

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Grant, Warren, and Martin Scott-Brown. Principles of oncogenesis. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0322.

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It is obvious that the process of developing cancer—oncogenesis—is a multistep process. We know that smoking, obesity, and a family history are strong independent predictors of developing malignancy; yet, in clinics, we often see that some heavy smokers live into their nineties and that some people with close relatives affected by cancer spend many years worrying about a disease that, in the end, they never contract. For many centuries scientists have struggled to understand the process that make cancer cells different from normal cells. There were those in ancient times who believed that tumo

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Grewal, J. S. The Second Battle. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199467099.003.0024.

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In May 1960, Master Tara Singh declared that the Sikhs would win or die in the battle for ‘Punjabi Suba’. Arrested two days later, he was released on 4 January 1961 for consultation with Sant Fateh Singh who was on fast. After Master Tara Singh’s assurance that the demand had been accepted in principle, Sant Fateh Singh broke his fast. But nothing came out of his talks with Nehru. Now Master Tara Singh went on fast on 15 August 1961. After his meeting with Jai Prakash Narayan, he was willing to accept arbitration. Three names suggested for a commission were acceptable to him and he broke his f

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Yamamoto, Eric K. In the Shadow of Korematsu. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190878955.001.0001.

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The national security and civil liberties tensions of the World War II mass Japanese American internment (incarceration) link 9/11 and the 2015 Paris-San Bernardino attacks to the era in America darkened by accelerating discrimination against and intimidation of those asserting rights of freedom of religion, association, and speech, and one marked by increasingly volatile protests against racial and religious discrimination. This book discusses the broad civil liberties challenges posed by these past-into-the-future linkages, highlighting pressing questions about the significance of judicial i

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Collins, Simon, Tim Horn, Loon Gangte, Emmanuel Trenado, and Vuyiseka Dubula. HIV Advocacy. Edited by Mary Ann Cohen, Jack M. Gorman, Jeffrey M. Jacobson, Paul Volberding, and Scott Letendre. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392742.003.0010.

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Community responses to the AIDS crisis have changed traditional approaches to medicine, healthcare, health systems, and research. Earlier approaches were rooted in widespread discrimination against key affected populations who were already socially marginalized. The background of community responses, first in the United States and then in other regions, each has a special history. This chapter provides an overview of historical community responses to HIV and is written by activists from the United States, India, South Africa and Western Europe. Examples of key projects include the role of peer

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Krebs, Charles. Ecological World View. CSIRO Publishing, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643098398.

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This new textbook fills an important niche by offering a lively overview of the principles of ecology for a broad range of university-level science and biology courses. Written for those who need to understand key ecological concepts but may specialise in other fields, it is filled with many vivid examples of topical issues and current events.  The Ecological World View briefly covers the history of ecology and describes the general approach of the scientific method, then takes a wide-ranging look at basic principles of population dynamics and applies them to everyday practical problems.

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Tse, Jeanie, and Serena Yuan Volpp, eds. A Case-Based Approach to Public Psychiatry. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190610999.001.0001.

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Expert public psychiatrists use case studies to share best practice strategies in this clinically oriented introduction to community mental health. Today, the majority of psychiatrists work with people who suffer not only from mental illness but also from poverty, trauma, social isolation, and discrimination. Psychiatrists cannot do this work alone but, instead, are part of teams of behavioral health workers navigating larger health care and social service systems. In an increasingly complex health care environment, mental health clinicians need to master systems-based practice in order to pro

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Darcy, Shane. To Serve the Enemy. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198788898.001.0001.

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The use of informers and other collaborators by parties to an armed conflict is a common yet often concealed practice in times of war. Despite the prevalence of such activity, and the serious and at times fatal consequences that befall those who collaborate with an enemy, international law applicable in times of armed conflict does not squarely address the phenomenon. The recruitment, use, and treatment of informers and other collaborators is addressed only partially and at times indirectly by international humanitarian law. While international law recognises the widespread and enduring phenom

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Ghebrehewet, Samuel, Alex G. Stewart, David Baxter, Paul Shears, David Conrad, and Merav Kliner, eds. Health Protection. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198745471.001.0001.

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This book is an accessible and practical core text on the three domains of health protection: Communicable Disease Control, Emergency Preparedness Resilience and Response (EPRR), and protection of the public from environmental hazards (Environmental Public Health). The editors have attempted to develop an “all hazards approach” to dealing with health protection situations. Most health protection books confine themselves to one of the three domains, whereas this book presents a practical and all hazards approach, with some account of the overarching principles of health protection on which day-

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Koppelman, Andrew. Gay Rights vs. Religious Liberty? Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197500989.001.0001.

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Should religious people who conscientiously object to facilitating same-sex weddings, and who therefore decline to provide cakes, photography, or other services, be exempted from antidiscrimination laws? This issue has taken on an importance far beyond the tiny number who have made such claims. Gay rights advocates fear that exempting even a few religious dissenters would unleash a devastating wave of discrimination. Conservative Christians fear that the law will treat them like racists and drive them to the margins of American society. Both sides are mistaken. This is not a matter of abstract

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Nason-Clark, Nancy, Barbara Fisher-Townsend, Catherine Holtmann, and Stephen McMullin. Congregations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190607210.003.0004.

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At its best, congregational life operates as a church family in which members celebrate with those who are joyous and weep with those who are suffering. They offer assistance, guidance, and friendship. They worship together and seek to live their lives according to the principles that they share. At its worst, congregational life operates as a dysfunctional family in which controlling, abusive behavior abounds, support is non-existent, jealousy and rivalry flourish, and isolation and loneliness prevail. Harnessing data from clergy, members of congregations, and those impacted directly by domes

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Kirsty, Gover. Part II Group Identity, Self-Determination, and Relations with States, Ch.7 Equality and Non-Discrimination in the UNDRIP: Articles 2, 6, and 7(1). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199673223.003.0008.

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This chapter analyses the rights to equality and non-discrimination in Articles 2, 6, and 7(1). The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) covers the full spectrum of rights contained in international and regional instruments, adapted to the circumstances of indigenous peoples. Because the UNDRIP has an exceptionally wide substantive scope, debates about equality and non-discrimination were a central part of the negotiations leading to its adoption. Where provisions of the UNDRIP were thought to deviate from rights already expressed in international law, they w

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Tholen, Gerbrand. Recruitment and Selection of Graduate Workers. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198744481.003.0004.

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This chapter examines the recruitment and selection process in four graduate occupations (scientists, software engineers, financial analysts, and press officers). How do graduate workers access jobs? Who is eligible to enter graduate roles and why? What does it take to be recruited and selected in both entry-level and more senior roles? This chapter shows that recruiting and selecting suitable candidates is a deeply contextualized, situational, and occupation-dependent process. The hard skills and knowledge skills often identified to distinguish graduates from non-graduates do not have a privi

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González, Gabriela. Redeeming La Raza. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199914142.001.0001.

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This book examines the gendered and class-conscious political activism of Mexican-origin people in Texas from 1900 to 1950. In particular, it questions the inter-generational agency of Mexicans and Mexican Americans who subscribed to particular race-ethnic, class, and gender ideologies as they encountered barriers and obstacles in a society that often treated Mexicans as a nonwhite minority. Middle-class transborder activists sought to redeem the Mexican masses from body politic exclusions in part by encouraging them to become identified with the nation-state. Redeeming la raza was as much abo

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Che Arshad, Noraziah, and Abdul Ghafar Ismail. Paramaterizing the shariah rulings for partnership financial transactions. UUM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/9789670474236.

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Partnership-based was widely practised in the pre-Islamic period.The practice was so commonly prevalent among the muslim and non-muslim.This book is hoped to be of assistance to those who wish to discover the shariah contracts for partnership and the methods of structuring the current Islamic financial products and instruments through adopting either an existing Islamic contract or by combining two or more thereof.As for students and lecturers, this book is sought to be a reference for Islamic banking and finance related courses.It can also be a reference to the general members of the public w

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Stefan, Vogenauer. Ch.5 Content, third party rights and conditions, s.2: Third party rights, Art.5.2.6. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198702627.003.0099.

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This commentary focuses on Article 5.2.6 of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) concerning the renunciation of a beneficiary's right. The rationale of Art 5.2.6 is to protect a person who is not a party to a contract against the unwanted conferral of a right by the contracting parties. It corresponds to the maxim that even benefits may not be imposed on another: beneficia non obtruduntur. As Art 5.2.6 is intended to protect third parties, the promisee and the promisor should not be permitted to exclude or derogate from it as they wish. Art 5.2.6 is therefore on

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Uglješa, Grušić, Heinze Christian, Merrett Louise, et al. Cheshire, North and Fawcett: Private International Law. Edited by Torremans Paul and Fawcett James J. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199678983.001.0001.

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The new edition of this well-established and highly regarded work has been fully updated to encompass the major changes and developments in the law. The book provides comprehensive and accessible coverage of the basic principles of private international law. It offers a rigorous academic examination of the subject and also a practical guide to the complex subject of private international law. Written by academics who previously worked as solicitors, there is extensive coverage of commercial topics such as the jurisdiction of various courts and their limitations, stays of proceedings and restra

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Donlan, Chris. Individual Differences. Edited by Roi Cohen Kadosh and Ann Dowker. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642342.013.66.

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This article discusses the results of three studies that have attempted to identify the factors underlying individual differences in mathematics. Holloway and Ansari (2009), explored the relation between basic number processing and attainment in primary school mathematics. Mazzocco et al. (2011) used a non-symbolic comparison task as an indicator of a preschool child’s Approximate Number System (ANS). Goebel et al. (2014), who tested the number knowledge of 173 six-year olds using a number identification task. All three studies tested specific hypotheses by making use of individual differences

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Pryce, Paula. Antechapel. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190680589.003.0002.

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Chapter 2 emphasizes the importance of the monastic tenet of stability, showing the methods by which teachers and communities help ground newcomers in their intentions to follow demanding contemplative Christian alternatives while nevertheless allowing for ambiguity and open-mindedness toward people who follow other lifeways. Rather than depending on unreliable belief and emotion, neophytes learn to keep intentions and practices as a way of working toward “contemplative transformation,” a kind of religious conversion. The difficulties they have in learning practices and principles, especially

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Fowler, Robert, and Abhijit Duggal. Management of pandemic critical illness. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0009.

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Adequate and appropriate provision of critical care services during pandemics may dramatically alter vital outcomes of patients who develop acute respiratory distress syndrome and critical illness. Specific anti-viral therapy, antibiotics directed towards probable secondary infections, supportive ventilation and oxygenation, and adherence to multisystem critical care ‘best practices’ can prevent substantial mortality and morbidity, and lessen the pandemic’s impact on global health. However, severe acute respiratory syndrome and the 2009 H1N1 pandemic also highlighted the limited capacity for i

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Bruno, Nicola, and Francesco Pavani. Perception. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198725022.001.0001.

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Perception: A Multisensory Perspective examines multisensory interactions as the key process behind how we perceive our own body, control its movements, perceive and recognize objects, respond to edible objects, perceive space, and perceive time. In addition, the book discusses multisensory processing in synaesthesia, multisensory attention, and the role of multisensory processing in learning. Multisensory phenomena in these domains are used to identify general principles, to introduce formal models, to present experimental methods, to discuss pathologies, and to illustrate applications within

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Cozza, Kelly L., Rita Rein, Gary H. Wynn, and Eric G. Meyer. Psychopharmacology of Depression as a Systemic Illness for Primary and Specialty Care Clinicians. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190603342.003.0010.

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There are nearly 4 million patients with depression followed by primary care in the United States, with nearly 80% of prescriptions for antidepressants written by non-psychiatrists (Mark et al. 2009). Understanding and utilizing psychopharmacology is a critical skill for primary care physicians, who are often initial or sole prescribers. Persons with medical illnesses and depression are often prescribed a multitude of medications, necessitating attention to pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetics, and an understanding of intended effects, side effects, toxicities, and drug interactions. This chapter

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Rodenhäuser, Tilman. Part I: Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198821946.003.0005.

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Analysing the development of the concept of non-state parties to an armed conflict from the writings of philosophers in the eighteenth century through international humanitarian law (IHL) treaty law to contemporary practice, three threads can be identified. First, as pointed out by Rousseau almost two and a half centuries ago, one basic principle underlying the laws of war is that war is not a relation between men but between entities. Accordingly, the lawful objective of parties cannot be to harm opponents as individuals but only to overcome the entity for which the individual fights. This ne

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Magda, Raczynska. 2 Loss of Proprietary Interest in an Asset. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198796138.003.0003.

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This chapter examines the circumstances in which title-based interests and security interests are lost in assets in which they were originally held. It first explains how tangible assets subject to proprietary interests may be lost through physical or deemed destruction, as a result of goods becoming a fixture on land, or an accession or a product resulting from a manufacture. It then considers whether the law allows any proprietary protection to a party who loses his/her proprietary interest, with a particular focus on the principle of nemo dat quod non habet (no one can pass a greater intere

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Leaver, Susannah, and Timothy Evans. Hypoxaemia in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0085.

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Hypoxaemia is a reduction in the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood below 8 kPa/60 mmHg. Hypoxaemia results from one, or several, or a combination of causes. Calculating the alveolar–arterial gradient can help to delineate the cause. Acute respiratory failure manifests in a number of ways, the most sensitive indicator being an increased respiratory rate. Diagnosis is dependent on a comprehensive history, examination in combination with appropriate blood tests, and imaging. Hypoxaemia is the final common pathway of a number of conditions and the exact cause may not be immediately apparent.

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Horing, Norman J. Morgenstern. Quantum Statistical Field Theory. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198791942.001.0001.

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The methods of coupled quantum field theory, which had great initial success in relativistic elementary particle physics and have subsequently played a major role in the extensive development of non-relativistic quantum many-particle theory and condensed matter physics, are at the core of this book. As an introduction to the subject, this presentation is intended to facilitate delivery of the material in an easily digestible form to students at a relatively early stage of their scientific development, specifically advanced undergraduates (rather than second or third year graduate students), wh

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Fellner, Jamie. Human rights. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0004.

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In this chapter, North American and international issues are reviewed covering the range of human rights issues, challenges, and controversies that exist in correctional mental health care. This chapter provides a brief overview of the key internationally recognized human rights that should inform the work of correctional mental health professionals. Human rights reflect a humanistic vision predicated on the foundation of human dignity, which complement the ethical principles of beneficence and non-maleficence. The human rights framework supports correctional mental health staff in their effor

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Raffle, Angela E., Anne Mackie, and J. A. Muir Gray. Screening. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198805984.001.0001.

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Muir Gray, Anne Mackie and Angela Raffle have been at the forefront of achieving improvements in UK screening over recent years, and they bring a wealth of experience to this non-technical introductory guide covering all aspects of screening. As USA expert Gilbert Welch describes it, this book is “A readable yet encyclopaedic guide to screening: its history, its key design elements, its implementation and policy challenges… A must read for clinicians, managers, and policy makers who would like to assist Raffle Mackie and Gray in achieving their goal: ‘to sort out the mess’.” The first four cha

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Patz, Ronny, and Klaus H. Goetz. Managing Money and Discord in the UN. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198838333.001.0001.

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How do international organizations in the United Nations system put together their budgets? What is the role of complex principals—most notably member states—and the complex agents in the bureaucracies of international organizations in budgeting processes? And what does a focus on budgeting tell us about the changing nature of the system of international organizations? This book provides answers to these questions through a detailed examination of budgeting in the UN system. The analysis draws on both quantitative and qualitative observations for a total of twenty-two UN system organizations a

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Ziccardi Capaldo, Giuliana, ed. The Global Community Yearbook of International Law and Jurisprudence 2017. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190923846.001.0001.

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The 2017 edition both updates readers on the important work of long-standing international tribunals and introduces readers to more novel topics in international law. The Yearbook has established itself as an authoritative resource for research and guidance on the jurisprudence of both UN-based tribunals and regional courts. The 2017 edition continues to provide expert coverage of the Court of Justice of the European Union and diverse tribunals from the International Court of Justice (ICJ) to criminal tribunals such as the International Criminal Court (ICC) and the Tribunals for the Former Yug

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Misra, Girishwar, ed. Psychology: Volume 3. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199498864.001.0001.

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This survey of research on psychology in five volumes is a part of a series undertaken by the ICSSR since 1969, which covers various disciplines under social science. Volume Three of the survey, Psychology of Organizations, focusses on some of the important facets of organizational behaviour. Research in the work setting has observed that factors like family responsibilities, non-work events, and employment-related legislation also influence work behaviour. Today, technology is increasingly playing greater role in organizational settings and workplaces are becoming more and more diverse in the

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Banerjee, Amitava, and Kaleab Asrress. Screening for cardiovascular disease. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0351.

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Screening involves testing asymptomatic individuals who have risk factors, or individuals who are in the early stages of a disease, in order to decide whether further investigation, clinical intervention, or treatment is warranted. Therefore, screening is classically a primary prevention strategy which aims to capture disease early in its course, but it can also involve secondary prevention in individuals with established disease. In the words of Geoffrey Rose, screening is a ‘population’ strategy. Examples of screening programmes are blood pressure monitoring in primary care to screen for hyp

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Sewlal, Robin, ed. REFLECTIONS of the SOUTH AFRICAN MEDIA 1994 - 2019. Radiocracy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51415/dut.3.

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Prior to 1994, the media operated in an environment that can best be described as ‘suppressed’. Diversity of thoughts, views and opinions on media platforms were non-existent as the regime, at the time, ruled with an iron-fist. A variety of print media outlets sought to reflect reality, but it was a steady struggle especially for those with meagre resources, and exacerbated by the constant clampdowns. The state-run broadcaster, if anything, entrenched discriminatory principles and practices. Given our precarious past, the birth of democracy proved to be the perfect panacea for a promising path

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Baobaid, Mohammed, Lynda Ashbourne, Abdallah Badahdah, and Abir Al Jamal. Home / Publications / Pre and Post Migration Stressors and Marital Relations among Arab Refugee Families in Canada Pre and Post Migration Stressors and Marital Relations among Arab Refugee Families in Canada. 2nd ed. Hamad Bin Khalifa University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/difi_9789927137983.

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The study is funded by Doha International Family Institute (DIFI), a member of Qatar Foundation, and is a collaboration between the Muslim Resource Centre for Social Support and Integration of London, Ontario; University of Guelph, Ontario; and University of Calgary, Alberta, all located in Canada; and the Doha International Family Institute, Qatar. The study received research ethics approval from the University of Guelph and the University of Calgary. This study aims to assess the impact of pre- and post-migration on marital relationships and family dynamics for Arab refugee families resettle

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Button, Tim, and Sean Walsh. Quantifiers. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790396.003.0016.

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Typically the existential and universal quantifiers are regarded as logical expressions. But there are straightforward semantic means for defining all sorts of new quantifiers that have roughly the same syntax as the more familiar quantifiers. This raises the question: Which of these new quantifiers are relevantly similar to the existential and universal quantifiers to count as logical? After introducing generalised quantifiers, we use notions of indiscernibility to investigate how to classify quantifiers as logical or non-logical, focussing especially on the famous Tarski-Sher thesis. Roughly

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Kotzmann, Jane. Theoretical Approaches to Higher Education. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190863494.003.0003.

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This chapter explores two general theoretical models that are used to frame higher education policy. Under the market-based approach to higher education teaching and learning, higher education is provided through the free market. This approach is based on the principles of competition, privitisation, and absence of government intervention. In contrast, a human rights-based approach to higher education seeks to translate the human right to higher education and operationalise it. The principles of a human rights-based approach include integration and mainstreaming of human rights norms, accounta

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Woods, Lorna, Philippa Watson, and Marios Costa. Steiner & Woods EU Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198795612.001.0001.

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Now in its thirteenth edition, Steiner & Woods EU Law is regarded as a trusted EU law book. The book offers a careful blend of institutional and substantive coverage and focuses on explaining the law clearly, as well as raising areas for debate. Part I of the book charts a brief history of the development of the European Union, looks at the institutions of the Union, EU law and general principles of law. Part II provides a framework of enforcement, looks at remedies in national courts, state liability, preliminary references, direct action for annulment, action for failure to act and union

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Cottier, Thomas. Technology and the Law of International Trade Regulation. Edited by Roger Brownsword, Eloise Scotford, and Karen Yeung. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199680832.013.63.

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With regards to global trade, where new technologies impact both on what is traded and how, this chapter sketches the current regulatory landscape and projects the implications of emerging technologies for future regulatory approaches. While the regulation of technology mainly rests with domestic law, it is international trade law that addresses problems of regulatory diversity, overcomes unnecessary barriers to international trade and investment, and articulates common standards. Apart from general principles of non-discrimination and transparency, technology is particularly addressed by rule

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Stirn, Bernard. European and Domestic Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198789505.003.0004.

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Chapter 4 turns to the domestic law of the countries of Europe, arguing that the combination within European public law of EU law, the law of the ECHR, and of domestic law cannot be conceived of along the lines of a pyramidal hierarchy. The chapter examines the ways in which the different European domestic legal systems conceive of the relationship between international law and domestic law. The chapter then looks at the relationship between international law and domestic law through a constitutional lens, an approach which more and more domestic courts in Europe seem to be adopting. The chapt

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Costa, Marios, and Steve Peers. Steiner & Woods EU Law. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198853848.001.0001.

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Now in its fourteenth edition, Steiner & Woods EU Law is regarded as a trusted EU law book. The book offers a careful blend of institutional and substantive coverage and focuses on explaining the law clearly, as well as raising areas for debate. Part I of the book charts a brief history of the development of the European Union and looks at the institutions of the Union, EU law and general principles of law. Part II provides a framework of enforcement and looks at remedies in national courts, state liability, preliminary references, direct action for annulment and union non-contractual liab

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Guy S, Goodwin-Gill, and McAdam Jane. The Refugee in International Law. 4th ed. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198808565.001.0001.

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The status of the refugee in international law, and of everyone entitled to protection, has always been precarious, not least in times of heightened and heated debate. People have always moved in search of safety, and they always will. This completely revised and updated edition casts new light on the refugee definition, the meaning of persecution, the role of gender and sexual orientation, the types of harm, and the protection due to refugees. The book reviews the fundamental principle of non-refoulement as a restraint on the conduct of States, even as States themselves seek new ways to preve

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Taking Stock of Regional Democratic Trends in Asia and the Pacific Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31752/idea.2020.70.

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This GSoD In Focus Special Brief provides an overview of the state of democracy in Asia and the Pacific at the end of 2019, prior to the outbreak of the pandemic, and assesses some of the preliminary impacts that the pandemic has had on democracy in the region in 2020. Key fact and findings include: • Prior to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, countries across Asia and the Pacific faced a range of democratic challenges. Chief among these were continuing political fragility, violent conflict, recurrent military interference in the political sphere, enduring hybridity, deepening autocratiza

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