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Journal articles on the topic 'WWAL'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Cevikcan, Emre, and Mehmet Bulent Durmusoglu. "A novel optimization approach for segmented rabbit chase oriented U-type assembly line design: an application from lighting industry." Assembly Automation 40, no. 3 (May 2, 2020): 483–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-02-2019-0020.

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Purpose Rabbit chase (RC) is used as one of the most effective techniques in manufacturing systems, as such systems have high level of adaptability and increased productivity in addition to providing uniform workload balancing and skill improving environment. In assembly systems, RC inspires the development of walking worker assembly line (WWAL). On the other hand, U-type assembly lines (UALs) may provide higher worker utilization, lower space requirement and more convenient internal logistics when compared to straight assembly lines. In this context, this study aims to improve assembly line performance by generating RC cycles on WWAL with respect to task assignment characteristics of UAL within reasonable walking distance and space requirement. Therefore, a novel line configuration, namely, segmented rabbit chase-oriented U-type assembly line (SRCUAL), emerges. Design/methodology/approach The mathematical programming approach treats SRCUAL balancing problem in a hierarchical manner to decrease computational burden. Firstly, segments are generated via the first linear programming model in the solution approach for balancing SRCUALs to minimize total number of workers. Then, stations are determined within each segment for forward and backward sections separately using two different pre-emptive goal programming models. Moreover, three heuristics are developed to provide solution quality with computational efficiency. Findings The proposed mathematical programming approach is applied to the light-emitting diode (LED) luminaire assembly section of a manufacturing company. The adaptation of SRCUAL decreased the number of workers by 15.4% and the space requirement by 17.7% for LED luminaire assembly system when compared to UAL. Moreover, satisfactory results for the proposed heuristics were obtained in terms of deviation from lower bound, especially for SRCUAL heuristics I and II. Moreover, the results indicate that the integration of RC not only decreased the number of workers in 40.28% (29 instances) of test problems in U-lines, but also yielded less number of buffer points (48.48%) with lower workload deviation (75%) among workers in terms of coefficient of variation. Practical implications This study provides convenience for capacity management (assessing capacity and adjusting capacity by changing the number of workers) for industrial SRCUAL applications. Meanwhile, SRCUAL applications give the opportunity to increase the capacity for a product or transfer the saved capacity to the assembly of other products. As it is possible to provide one-piece flow with equal workloads via walking workers, SRCUAL has the potential for quick realization of defects and better lead time performance. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, forward–backward task assignments in U-type lines have not been adapted to WWALs. Moreover, as workers travel overall the line in WWALs, walking time increases drastically. Addressing this research gap and limitation, the main innovative aspect of this study can be considered as the proposal of a new line design (i.e. SRCUAL) which is sourced from the hybridization of UALs and WWAL as well as the segmentation of the line with RC cycles. The superiority of SRCUAL over WWAL and UAL was also discussed. Moreover, operating systematic for SRCUAL was devised. As for methodical aspect, this study is the first attempt to solve the balancing problem for SRCUAL design.
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Rodger, C. J., J. B. Brundell, and R. L. Dowden. "Location accuracy of VLF World-Wide Lightning Location (WWLL) network: Post-algorithm upgrade." Annales Geophysicae 23, no. 2 (February 28, 2005): 277–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-23-277-2005.

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Abstract. An experimental VLF World-Wide Lightning Location (WWLL) network has been developed through collaborations with research institutions across the globe. The aim of the WWLL is to provide global real-time locations of lightning discharges, with >50% CG flash detection efficiency and mean location accuracy of <10km. While these goals are essentially arbitrary, they do define a point where the WWLL network development can be judged a success, providing a breakpoint for a more stable operational mode. The current network includes 18 stations which cover much of the globe. As part of the initial testing phase of the WWLL the network operated in a simple mode, sending the station trigger times into a central processing point rather than making use of the sferic Time of Group Arrival (TOGA). In this paper the location accuracy of the post-TOGA algorithm WWLL network (after 1 August 2003) is characterised, providing estimates of the globally varying location accuracy for this network configuration which range over 1.9-19km, with the global median being 2.9km, and the global mean 3.4km. The introduction of the TOGA algorithm has significantly improved the location accuracies. The detection efficiency of the WWLL is also considered. In the selected region the WWLL detected ~13% of the total lightning, suggesting a ~26% CG detection efficiency and a ~10% IC detection efficiency. Based on a comparison between all WWLL good lightning locations in February-April 2004, and the activity levels expected from satellite observations we estimate that the WWLL is currently detecting ~2% of the global total lightning, providing good locations for ~5% of global CG activity. The existing WWLL network is capable of providing real-time positions of global thunderstorm locations in its current form.
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Bose, Prasanta, and Xiaoqing Zhou. "WWAC." ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes 24, no. 2 (March 1999): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/295666.295680.

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4

Rodger, C. J., J. B. Brundell, R. L. Dowden, and N. R. Thomson. "Location accuracy of long distance VLF lightning locationnetwork." Annales Geophysicae 22, no. 3 (March 19, 2004): 747–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-747-2004.

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Abstract. An experimental VLF WorldWide Lightning Location (WWLL) network is being developed to provide realtime locations of cloud to ground lightning discharges occurring throughout the globe. This network has expanded from a limited number of stations in the Western Pacific to its current state of 11 stations, in most longitude sectors, with additional stations planned in the near future. As part of the initial testing phase of the WWLL the network has operated in a simple mode, sending the station trigger times into a central processing point rather than using the sferic Time of Group Arrival (TOGA). During this initial stage, a significant quantity of lightning location data has been collected, some of which is being applied to research questions. In this paper the operation of the WWLL network is described, and the location accuracy of the pre-TOGA WWLL network is characterised. This is performed by contrasting commercial lightning location data from an Australian network, Kattron, over 2 days in January 2002, with 4 WWLL stations covering the same region. It was found that there were 426 matched lightning events, corresponding to lightning discharges with large lightning return stroke peak currents (mean absolute peak current of ~26kA compared with ~12kA for all Kattron events). By considering the random errors in the difference locations between the matching lightning events, an appropriate Gaussian timing error for the WWLL network of receiving stations is determined, and hence an estimate for the global location errors for the existing 11-station network is found. The "worst-case" global location error for the existing network ranges spatially from 7.5–100km, with the global median being 15km, and the global mean 30km. When the TOGA method is implemented, the station timing errors will decrease, allowing for an increase in the location accuracies. Hence, the location accuracy estimates determined in this paper will be very conservative for the future WWLL network employing the TOGA technique. Key words. Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (lightning, atmospheric electricity, instruments and techniques)
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5

Lu, Jui-Han, and Ying-Sheng Fang. "Small-size LTE/WWAN monopole antenna with octa-band operation for 4 G mobile phone." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 9, no. 3 (March 28, 2016): 665–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078716000301.

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By introducing a modified F-shaped feeding strip and dual parasitic shorted strips, a small-size wireless wide area network/long-term evolution (WWAN/LTE) printed antenna is proposed and embedded in the 4 G mobile phone with octa-band operation. The operating impedance bandwidths (RL ≥ 6 dB) of 263/1093 MHz can be obtained across the LTE/WWAN bands, respectively. The overall antenna size of the proposed printed monopole antenna (MA) is only 35 × 10 × 0.8 mm3. Meanwhile, this small-size MA provides the measured peak gains and antenna efficiencies of 2.0/3.6 dBi and 80/75% for the LTE/WWAN bands, respectively.
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6

Sharma, Manish. "Design of multiband circularly/linearly polarized antenna for multiple wireless (WWAN/Bluetooth/WiMAX/WLAN/Downlink Satellite System)." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 11, no. 9 (June 24, 2019): 967–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078719000692.

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AbstractIn this article, a multiband antenna for various wireless communications is proposed for WWAN, Bluetooth, WiMAX, WLAN, and Downlink satellite system. The antenna consists of a radiating patch and a rectangular ground plane with four L-shaped stubs which are embedded as side arms to obtain a resonating band for WWAN (1.9GHz), Bluetooth (2.4 GHz), WiMAX (2.5, 3.5, and 5.5 GHz), and WLAN (5.5 GHz) wireless systems and a C-shaped stub is etched on the radiating patch to obtain a higher WLAN band (2.4, 5.2, and 5.8 GHz) and a satellite downlink system (7.5 GHz). The proposed antenna exhibits circular polarization at WWAN band and linear polarization for remaining applications. Also, the proposed antenna exhibits an omnidirectional radiation pattern.
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Yu, Jian, Hongbiao Gu, Baoming Chi, Weifeng Shan, and Mingyuan Wang. "Visibility Graph Complex Network Analysis on Seismic-Induced Variation in Groundwater Level of Nanxi Well, China." International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics 15, no. 6 (December 26, 2020): 905–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijdne.150616.

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Groundwater level in wells, i.e., well water level (WWL) is an important index in hydrological monitoring during earthquakes. Due to the complex dynamics of groundwater, the WWL might change under seismic actions. This paper attempts to identify the long-term correlation between WWL and earthquakes, and disclose the topological features of groundwater dynamics. Taking Nanxi Well as an example, the authors conducted state space analysis on the raw series and trend of WWL to eliminate interferences like barometric pressure, rainfall, and solid tide, creating the trend time series. Then, the raw series and trend time series were converted into the raw visible graph (VG) network and trend VG network, respectively. Further, the global period was divided into five local time windows, and the two VG networks were compared by global aspect, local aspect, and topological properties of complex networks. The results show that the nodes of high degrees are closely related to the seismic response of the WWL in Nanxi Well; all VG networks are scale free and hierarchical; the seismic response of the WWL in the well is reflected by degree correlation; the community division of raw VG network was basically the same as that of trend VG network. The research findings provide insights to the seismic response of WWL and the dynamic fluctuation of groundwater level.
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Miller, Wolfgang J., and Markus Riegler. "Evolutionary Dynamics of wAu-Like Wolbachia Variants in Neotropical Drosophila spp." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 1 (January 2006): 826–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.72.1.826-835.2006.

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ABSTRACT Wolbachia bacteria are common intracellular symbionts of arthropods and have been extensively studied in Drosophila. Most research focuses on two Old Word hosts, Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans, and does not take into account that some of the Wolbachia associations in these species may have evolved only after their fast global expansion and after the exposure to Wolbachia of previously isolated habitats. Here we looked at Wolbachia of Neotropical Drosophila species. Seventy-one lines of 16 Neotropical Drosophila species sampled in different regions and at different time points were analyzed. Wolbachia is absent in lines of Drosophila willistoni collected before the 1970s, but more recent samples are infected with a strain designated wWil. Wolbachia is absent in all other species of the willistoni group. Polymorphic wWil-related strains were detected in some saltans group species, with D. septentriosaltans being coinfected with at least four variants. Based on wsp and ftsZ sequence data, wWil of D. willistoni is identical to wAu, a strain isolated from D. simulans, but can be discriminated when using a polymorphic minisatellite marker. In contrast to wAu, which infects both germ line and somatic tissues of D. simulans, wWil is found exclusively in the primordial germ line cells of D. willistoni embryos. We report on a pool of closely related Wolbachia strains in Neotropical Drosophila species as a potential source for the wAu strain in D. simulans. Possible evolutionary scenarios reconstructing the infection history of wAu-like Wolbachia in Neotropical Drosophila species and the Old World species D. simulans are discussed.
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Chen, Y. J., G. Y. Chen, H. D. Yeh, and D. S. Jeng. "Estimations of tidal characteristics and aquifer parameters via tide-induced head changes in coastal observation wells." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 15, no. 5 (May 13, 2011): 1473–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-1473-2011.

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Abstract. The groundwater fluctuations due to tidal variations at an observation well in a coastal aquifer can be used to determine the tidal characteristics and aquifer parameters without conducting an aquifer test. In this study, a method, comprised of Jeng et al.'s solution (2005) and simulated annealing (SA) algorithm, is developed to determine the coastal aquifer parameters (hydraulic diffusivity, beach slope, and aquifer thickness) as well as the tidal characteristics (bichromatic-tide amplitudes, bichromatic-tide wave frequencies, and tidal phase lag) from the analysis of the tide-induced well-water-level (WWL) data. The synthetic WWL data generated from Jeng et al.'s solution (2005) with assumed parameter values and field data obtained from Barrenjoey beach, Australia, are analyzed. The estimated parameter values obtained from analyzing synthetic WWL data by the present method show good agreements with the previously assumed parameter values. The parameter estimation procedure may however fail in the case of a large shallow water parameter which in fact violates the constraint on the use of Jeng et al.'s solution (2005). In the analysis of field WWL data, the results indicate that the aquifer parameters estimated from the present method with single or multiple well data are significantly different from those given in Nielsen (1990). Inspecting the observed WWL data and the WWL data predicted from Jeng et al.'s solution (2005) reveals that the present method may provide better estimations for the aquifer parameters than those given in Nielsen (1990).
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Chen, Y. J., G. Y. Chen, H. D. Yeh, and D. S. Jeng. "Estimations of tidal characteristics and aquifer parameters via tide-induced head changes in coastal observation wells." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 7, no. 6 (December 3, 2010): 9155–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-7-9155-2010.

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Abstract. The groundwater fluctuations affected by tidal variations at an observation well in a coastal aquifer can be used to determine the tidal characteristics and aquifer parameters without conducting an aquifer test. In this study, a method, comprised of Jeng et al.'s solution (2005) and simulated annealing (SA) algorithm, is developed to determine the coastal aquifer parameters (namely, hydraulic diffusivity, beach slope, and aquifer thickness) as well as the tidal characteristics (namely, bichromatic-tide amplitudes, bichromatic-tide wave frequencies, and tidal phase lag) from the analysis of the tide-induced well-water-level (WWL) data. Two data sets, i.e., synthetic WWL data generated from Jeng et al.'s solution (2005) with assumed parameter values and field data obtained from Barrenjoey beach in Australia, are analyzed. The estimated parameter values obtained from analyzing synthetic WWL data by the present method show good agreements with the previously assumed parameter values. The parameter estimation procedure may however fail in the case of a large shallow-water parameter which in fact violates the constraint on the use of Jeng et al.'s solution (2005). In the analysis of field WWL data, the results indicate that the estimated aquifer parameters from the present method are significantly different from those given in Nielsen (1990). Inspecting the observed WWL data and the WWL data predicted from Jeng et al.'s solution (2005) reveals that the present method may provide better estimations for the aquifer parameters than those given in Nielsen (1990).
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11

Brown, Douglas K., Mariagnese Giusto, and Stephen G. Simpson. "Vitali's Theorem and WWKL." Archive for Mathematical Logic 41, no. 2 (February 1, 2002): 191–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001530100100.

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12

Ambos-Spies, Klaus, Bjørn Kjos-Hanssen, Steffen Lempp, and Theodore A. Slaman. "Comparing DNR and WWKL." Journal of Symbolic Logic 69, no. 4 (December 2004): 1089–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2178/jsl/1102022212.

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13

Chen, Shu-Chuan, Yun-Tsan Lee, and Po-Wei Wu. "Small embedded LTE/WWAN antenna integrated with keyboard ground plane in a laptop computer." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 9, no. 4 (August 30, 2016): 959–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175907871600091x.

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A novel small embedded long-term evolution/wireless wide area network (LTE/WWAN) antenna integrated with the keyboard ground plane in a laptop computer is presented. The antenna is installed on a notched region (40 × 8 mm2) of the keyboard ground plane at a distance of 10 mm from the laptop computer hinge. A coupled-fed loop antenna was used because of its suitability for integration with the ground plane and achieving wide operating bands. This antenna can not only be configured to have a compact configuration but also be designed to excite several resonant modes of the hinge slot between the display ground plane and the keyboard ground plane. The proposed antenna comprises a hook-shaped strip and a shorted strip, which together form a coupled-fed loop that not only has a compact size when printed on a 0.8-mm-thick FR4 substrate 40 × 8 mm2in size but also provides eight-band LTE/WWAN operation. The proposed antenna can cover LTE/WWAN operation in the 698–960 and 1710–2690 MHz bands. Details of the antenna structure are provided here. The proposed antenna was fabricated and tested, and measurement and simulation results are presented. The measured antenna efficiency was approximately 45–80% in the lower band and approximately 52–75% in the upper band.
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Preethi, J., and S. Palaniswami. "An Intelligent Particle Swarm Optimization for Fuzzy Based Heterogeneous Radio Access Technology (RAT) Selection." International Journal of Intelligent Information Technologies 8, no. 4 (October 2012): 23–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jiit.2012100103.

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The future wireless networks are heterogeneous in nature where different Radio Access Technologies (RATs) coexist in the same coverage area. The user terminal has to select the best access technology among Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN), and Universal Mobile Telecommunication Systems (UMTS) etc. at its current location. Thus, selecting the appropriate RAT and cell becomes a complex problem in heterogeneous network due to number of variables involved in the selection process. The main objective of this work in the heterogeneous networks is to maximize the percentage of satisfied users who are assigned to the networks. Henceforth, this paper presents an innovative mechanism for the selection of heterogeneous networks such as WWAN and WLAN. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated using 1000 datasets. From the simulation results, it is found that the proposed algorithm gives highest probability for mobile user satisfaction than the existing methods.
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Simpson, Stephen G., and Keita Yokoyama. "A Nonstandard Counterpart of WWKL." Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 52, no. 3 (July 2011): 229–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00294527-1435429.

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Dębska, Bożena, Magdalena Banach-Szott, Ewa Rosa, and Jarosław Pakuła. "The Effect of Soil Pollution by Selected PAHs on the Fractional Composition of Organic Matter." Soil Science Annual 63, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10239-012-0004-5.

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Oluremi, Johnson R., Adrian O. Eberemu, Stephen T. Ijimdiya, and Kolawole J. Osinubi. "Lateritic Soil Treated with Waste Wood Ash As Liner in Landfill Construction." Environmental and Engineering Geoscience 25, no. 2 (May 1, 2019): 127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/eeg-2023.

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ABSTRACTInherent variability in engineering properties of lateritic soil in relation to its plasticity, permeability, strength, workability, and natural moisture content, has made it an unpredictable material for use in civil engineering works, resulting in the need for its treatment by stabilization. A lateritic soil classified as A-6(6) and CL, according to American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials and Unified Soil Classification System of ASTM (2011), was treated with up to 10 percent waste wood ash (WWA). Compaction was carried out using four energies, namely, reduced British Standard light, British Standard light (BSL), West African Standard, and British Standard heavy, on samples, which were then examined for hydraulic conductivity, volumetric shrinkage, and unconfined compressive strength as major criteria for use as liner and for the development of acceptable zones. Specimens with 4 percent WWA content compacted with a minimum BSL energy satisfied the maximum hydraulic conductivity (k) value of 1 × 10−9 m/s, maximum volumetric shrinkage strain of 4 percent, and minimum unconfined compressive strength value of 200 kN/m2 required for use as liner in engineered landfills. The overall acceptable zone was enlarged for up to 4 percent WWA content, thereby accommodating higher moulding water content, but the minimum compactive effort required to achieve it became reduced. The beneficial treatment of lateritic soil with up to 4 percent WWA will perform satisfactorily as liner and covers in waste containment application and will minimize the pollution and environmental impact of wood waste disposal.
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Cho, Jinkyung, and Taekyung Han. "Effects of Water-loading Weight Loss on the Physiological Response in College Wrestlers." Exercise Science 29, no. 3 (August 31, 2020): 300–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2020.29.3.300.

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PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of water-loading weight loss on physiologic response.METHODS: Thirteen consenting university wrestlers (weight 71.5±8.0 kg, BMI 25.0±2.0 kg/m²) randomly divided into the weight loss (WL) group (n=6) and water-loading weight loss (WWL) group (n=7). Wrestlers performed 2-week weight loss program targeting average of 5-10% of body weight reduction, under the supervision of a coach. Participants were instructed to drink 1.5-2 L and 6-7 L daily during the first week in the WL and WWL groups, respectively. Both groups were gradually reduced water intake and didn’t drink water the day before weighing. Anthropometric characteristics, hematocrit (HCT), serum electrolytes, aldosterone, and cortisol were measured before and after weight loss. Data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA using SPSS. The significance level was set at p<.05.RESULTS: After 2 weeks, the weight (p=.004), BMI (p<.001), lean body mass (p<.001), body water composition (p<.001), and SBP (p=.046) were reduced significantly in both groups. However, there was no statistically significant between-group difference in all parameters of body composition and SBP. The HCT and chloride (Cl-) decreased in both WL and WWL groups (p=.018 and p=.006, respectively). Serum aldosterone and cortisol significantly increased in both groups (p<.001). In particular, cortisol was significantly lower in the WWL than in WL group.CONCLUSIONS: This study suggested that a large-volume hydration before water restriction for weight loss can be a safe method.
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Binns, Stephen, and Bjørn Kjos-Hanssen. "Finding paths through narrow and wide trees." Journal of Symbolic Logic 74, no. 1 (March 2009): 349–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2178/jsl/1231082316.

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AbstractWe consider two axioms of second-order arithmetic. These axioms assert, in two different ways, that infinite but narrow binary trees always have infinite paths. We show that both axioms are strictly weaker than Weak König's Lemma, and incomparable in strength to the dual statement (WWKL) that wide binary trees have paths.
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Włodarczyk-Makuła, Maria. "UTLENIANIE 4- i 5-PIERŚCIENIOWYCH WĘGLOWODORÓW W OBECNOŚCI WĘGLA AKTYWNEGO." Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Zielonogórskiego / Inżynieria Środowiska 170, no. 50 (June 21, 2018): 4–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7274.

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Celem pracy było określenie podatności na rozkład 4- i 5-pierścieniowych WWA podczas procesu utleniania oraz podczas procesu utleniania i adsorpcji prowadzonych symultanicznie. Badania technologiczne prowadzono z wykorzystaniem biologicznie oczyszczonych ścieków koksowniczych. Utlenianie prowadzono ditlenkiem diwodoru, natomiast adsorpcję – z wykorzystaniem węgla aktywnego. Wielopierścieniowe węglowodory aromatyczne analizowano za pomocą układu złożonego z chromatografu gazowego i spektrometru masowego. Badania prowadzono przy stałej wartości pH środowiska reakcji i stałej temperaturze. Efektywność degradacji badanych węglowodorów w warunkach utleniania była w zakresie od 4 do 42%. W przypadku symultanicznego utleniania i adsorpcji na węglu aktywnym stopień usunięcia WWA wahał się od 17 do 81% w zależności od węglowodoru.
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Shi, Chen, Lance Manuel, and Michael Tognarelli. "A Comparison of Empirical Procedures for Fatigue Damage Prediction in Instrumented Risers Undergoing Vortex-Induced Vibration." Applied Sciences 8, no. 11 (October 28, 2018): 2085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8112085.

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To gain insight into riser motions and associated fatigue damage due to vortex-induced vibration (VIV), data loggers such as strain sensors and/or accelerometers are sometimes deployed on risers to monitor their motion in different current velocity conditions. Accurate reconstruction of the riser response and empirical estimation of fatigue damage rates over the entire riser length using measurements from a limited number of sensors can help in efficient utilization of the costly measurements recorded. Several different empirical procedures are described here for analysis of the VIV response of a long flexible cylinder subjected to uniform and sheared current profiles. The methods include weighted waveform analysis (WWA), proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), modal phase reconstruction (MPR), a modified WWA procedure, and a hybrid method which combines MPR and the modified WWA method. Fatigue damage rates estimated using these different empirical methods are compared and cross-validated against measurements. Detailed formulations for each method are presented and discussed with examples. Results suggest that all the empirical methods, despite different underlying assumptions in each of them, can be employed to estimate fatigue damage rates quite well from limited strain measurements.
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Chuang, Kai‐Jen, Wei‐Ming Syu, Shu‐Chuan Chen, and Ching‐Cheng Wang. "Switchable non‐physical LTE/WWAN antenna." Electronics Letters 53, no. 17 (August 2017): 1169–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2017.1340.

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Kim, In-Bok, Jin-Hyun Park, Il-Heung Kang, Hong-Joon Kim, Dong-Sik Woo, and Kang-Wook Kim. "Reduction of Electromagnetic Interference between the LCD Driving Module and WWAN Antennas." Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science 23, no. 6 (June 30, 2012): 716–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2012.23.6.716.

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Terzaghi, A., W. B. Hoogmoed, and R. Miedema. "The use of the 'wet workability limit' to predict the land quality 'workability' for some Uruguayan soils." Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 36, no. 1 (February 1, 1988): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v36i1.16700.

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In an attempt to predict soil workability, the upper critical moisture content for tillage was determined for some Uruguayan soils, using two laboratory methods developed for Dutch conditions ('upper tillage limit' or UTL, and 'wet workability limit' or WWL). The results obtained showed that the critical point is mainly influenced by the percentage clay and organic matter (OM) in the soil, yielding the linear relationship: UTL = 7.5 + 1.91 x OM (%) + 0.34 x clay (%). The UTL is highly correlated with the moisture content at a range of pF values between 2.0 and 2.7, this being a consequence of the influence of clay and organic matter on the shape of the pF curve. The results obtained by both methods (UTL and WWL) are highly correlated (r = 0.88). Within a certain range of texture, both methods give statistically the same result. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)
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Kang, Do-Gu, Jun-Hyuk Lee, and Young-Je Sung. "Coupled-Fed Planar Monopole Antenna for LTE/WWAN Mobile Handset Applications." Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science 24, no. 5 (May 31, 2013): 475–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2013.24.5.475.

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WANJAU MURIU, DANIEL. "PAYING LIP-SERVICE TO THE PRINCIPLES OF REGULATION: A COMPARATIVE CRITIQUE OF KENYA'S TELECOMMUNICATIONS LAW." Journal of African Law 46, no. 1 (April 2002): 14–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0221855302001761.

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The last decade of the twentieht century was a period that saw a worldwide shift from state command economies and welfare states to market-driven economies. In many countries the telecommunications industry has always been seen as as strategic one and thus wwas in most cases completely in the hands of state-owned corporations. It is there fore inevitable that telecommuncations industries the world over have undergone or are undergoing dramatic transformations as governments give up, wholly or in part, ownership and control of the industry.
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Kisseberth, N. J., C. S. Potter, G. E. Brauer, J. A. Lindquist, M. K. Jatko, and B. Carragher. "Webscope.TEM: A Modular System for Distributed TEM." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 54 (August 11, 1996): 390–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100164416.

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We will describe our implementation of a system for controlling and acquiring images from a transmission electron microscope (TEM) over a distributed network. Over the past few years several groups have begun to develop systems for remote microscopy and there are now a number of prototypes and working examples that demonstrate the feasibility of this goal. The system we are developing is part of a larger project which we refer to as the World Wide Laboratory (WWL). This is a collaborative effort between the Beckman Institute, the Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, and the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois. The goal of the WWL project is to provide a set of specifications for developing instrument control servers and image processing tools which can be accessed over the Internet through a variety of user interfaces. We are currently developing servers and control applications for TEM, a magnetic resonance imaging system, a scanning tunneling microscope and a laser scanning confocal microscope.
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Narayan, N., and Stephen Richard Gulliford. "Can Ambulatory Emergency Care have a positive impact on acute services?" Acute Medicine Journal 14, no. 3 (July 1, 2015): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.52964/amja.0449.

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Ambulatory Emergency Care is a key component of the service for many Acute Medical units across the United Kingdom. A well-functioning ambulatory care unit facilitiates early senior review by a consultant and may reduce the need for hospital admission by managing patients along alternative safe clinical pathways. In this article, we present 12 months of data (January 2014-January 2015) from our Ambulatory Unit at Wrightington, Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust (WWL NHSFT), which demonstrates how many different conditions can be safely managed along ambulatory care pathways and how this can significantly contribute to postive patient satisfaction survey results and meeting the A&E 4 hour target for a medium-sized Acute Trust such as WWL NHSFT. We also emphasise that the key factors of co-location of ambulatory care with the Emergency Department along with dedicated medical and nursing staff are essential to the success of this model of care.
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29

McTighe, Laura. "Theory on the Ground: Ethnography, Religio-Racial Study, and the Spiritual Work of Building Otherwise." Journal of the American Academy of Religion 88, no. 2 (May 23, 2020): 407–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/lfaa014.

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Abstract “We should be able to live and thrive, not just survive.” With these words, the Black feminist leaders of Women With A Vision (WWAV) in New Orleans refuse the religious and racist terror of post-Hurricane Katrina recovery—and theorize beyond the lethal logics that set their organizing home ablaze in a still-uninvestigated arson attack. This article approaches WWAV’s gauntlet as “theory on the ground”: theory developed in the midst of lived struggle, which carries forward the enduring resistant visions of generations past, and grows them in and through the geographies of the present, towards new and more livable futures. Drawing inspiration from Judith Weisenfeld’s study of religio-racial movements in New World A-Coming, this ethnography moves on the ground and in step with my comrades at WWAV to show how the spiritual work of building otherwise can transform both what we write (the content and theory of our scholarship) and how we write it (the methods and ethics of its undertaking). Centering WWAV’s world-building theory, learning from it, moving with it: this is essential decolonial academic praxis, which comes from and flows through a commitment to ending white supremacy and being an accomplice to Black liberation. In offering “theory on the ground” as both a model and an intervention, this article shows how ethnographers of religion, as well as those who use our tools and our texts, might study differently to build our field and our world otherwise.
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Elshennawy, Wael S., E. A. Hashish, and A. M. Attiya. "Multiband LTE-A/WWAN Antenna for a Tablet." Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation 03, no. 03 (2015): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojapr.2015.33003.

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31

Hsu, Ming-Ren, and Kin-Lu Wong. "WWAN ceramic chip antenna for mobile phone application." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 51, no. 1 (November 13, 2008): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.24020.

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32

Chen, Wen-Shan, and Wei-Chiang Jhang. "A Planar WWAN/LTE Antenna for Portable Devices." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 12 (2013): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2012.2237011.

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33

Chen, Shu-Chuan, Wun-Siang Cai, Chung-I. G. Hsu, and Meng-Kai Wu. "Low-profile switchable LTE/WWAN MIMO antenna system." Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 33, no. 4 (December 13, 2018): 474–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09205071.2018.1557081.

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34

Lee, Keon-Myung, Il-Hoon Cho, Young-Hee Cho, In-Young Lee, and Young-Sik Kim. "Design and Implementation of WWAN Antenna with Metal Structure for Increasing Frequency Bandwidth and Gain." Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science 21, no. 9 (September 30, 2010): 940–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2010.21.9.940.

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35

ZHU, XUAN-WEI, ZHEN-YING HUANG, YU CHU, SHU-MIN ZHANG, HAI-DONG LIU, and MING DONG. "Effects of burial in sand and seed size on seed germination and seedling emergence in two leguminous shrubs in the Otindag Sandland, China." Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 52, no. 2 (January 1, 2004): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1560/l0a8-n205-dhtj-wwfl.

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36

FAGÚNDEZ, JAIME, and JESÚS IZCO. "Seed morphology of Erica L. sect. Tylospora Salisb. ex I. Hansen." Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 52, no. 4 (January 1, 2004): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1560/wwnl-tq7x-pdvm-e6km.

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37

Friedman, Robert. "Fire Safety Practices and Needs in Human-Crew Spacecraft." Journal of Applied Fire Science 2, no. 3 (January 1, 1992): 243–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/wwa4-0uwk-u05c-45ef.

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38

Milgram, Gail Gleason. "Responsible Decision Making regarding Alcohol: A Re-Emerging Prevention/Education Strategy for the 1990s." Journal of Drug Education 26, no. 4 (December 1996): 357–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/6x23-wwam-1ruq-qc6q.

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Adolescent alcohol use and strategies to deal with drinking and related problems in this population have been the focus of many programs. The concept of responsible decision making regarding the use of alcohol evolved in the late 1970s/early 1980s; it was disregarded as a viable approach by the mid-1980s due to incorrect definitions of the term and misrepresentation that it condoned adolescent drinking/intoxication. However, statistics on youthful drinking indicate that young people have continued to consume alcohol, and many are experiencing problems related to their drinking. Grounded in the reality of the adolescent experience, responsible decision making regarding the use of alcohol provides information, motivates discussion of adolescent activities, and promotes responsible decisions.
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39

Kang, Do-Gu, and Youngje Sung. "Planar Printed Shorted Monopole Antenna with Coupled Feed for LTE/WWAN Mobile Handset Applications." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/151864.

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A shorted monopole antenna with coupled feed for LTE/WWAN mobile handset applications is described. The basic resonance of the shorted monopole combines with the resonance formed by the coupling between the coupling strip and the feeding pad to cover the LTE700, GSM850, and GSM900 bands. Both the feeding pad and the coupling strip operate with the shorting strip as a loop antenna. The resonance of the loop antenna and the harmonics of the shorted monopole combine to cover the GSM1800, GSM1900, UMTS, and LTE2300 bands. A stable and omnidirectional radiation pattern with reasonable gain has been observed over the operating bandwidth.
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40

Affandi, Adnan, Rezaul Azim, Md Mottahir Alam, and M. Tariqul Islam. "A Low-Profile Wideband Antenna for WWAN/LTE Applications." Electronics 9, no. 3 (February 27, 2020): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9030393.

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In this paper, a low-profile antenna is presented for wideband communication applications. The presented design consists of an I-shaped driven strip and a rectangular ground strip with an open slot in the middle and a steeped lower portion. The measured results demonstrate that the achieved operating band of the proposed antenna has the potential to cover Globalstar satellite phones (GSSP) (1.61–1.63 GHz, uplink), advanced wireless systems (1.71–1.76 GHz, 2.11–2.17 GHz), DCS (1710–1880 MHz), GSM (1800MHz), DCP (1.88–1.90 GHz), DCS-1900/PCS/PHS (1850–1990MHz), WCDMA/IMT-2000 (1920–2170MHz), UMTS (1920–2170 MHz) and long-term evolution (LTE) bands (FDD LTE bands 1–4, 9–10, 15–16, 23–25, 33–37, 39). The designed antenna possessed a very small size of 0.35λ0 × 0.027λ0 at the lowest frequency (S11 ≤ −10dB), achieved good gains and exhibited stable radiation patterns, which makes it suitable for handheld communication devices.
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Chen, Horng-Dean, Hui-Wen Yang, and Chow-Yen-Desmond Sim. "Single Open-Slot Antenna for LTE/WWAN Smartphone Application." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 65, no. 8 (August 2017): 4278–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2017.2710228.

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42

Sun, Lei, Hui Tian, Qiao-yun Sun, Dong-ming Shen, and Ping Zhang. "Traffic allocation scheme with cooperation of WWAN and WPAN." IEEE Communications Letters 14, no. 6 (June 2010): 551–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2010.06.092410.

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43

Su, Saou-Wen, and Yu-Wei Chang. "COMPACT, PRINTED, STANDALONE PENTA-BAND ANTENNA FOR WWAN OPERATION." Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters 29 (2012): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pierl11112706.

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44

Chiu, Chien-Wen, Yu-Jen Chi, and Sheng-Ming Deng. "An internal multiband antenna for WLAN and WWAN applications." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 51, no. 8 (May 13, 2009): 1803–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.24501.

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45

Wong, Kin-Lu, and Po-Wei Lin. "Surface-mount WWAN monopole slot antenna for mobile handset." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 53, no. 8 (May 17, 2011): 1890–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.26096.

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46

Wong, Kin-Lu, and Wun-Jian Lin. "WWAN/LTE printed slot antenna for tablet computer application." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 54, no. 1 (November 22, 2011): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.26509.

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47

Wong, Kin-Lu, and Yu-Wei Chang. "Internal WWAN/LTE handset antenna integrated with USB connector." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 54, no. 5 (March 13, 2012): 1154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.26788.

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48

Wong, Kin-Lu, and Tseng-Wei Weng. "Small-Size Triple-Wideband LTE/WWAN Tablet Device Antenna." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 12 (2013): 1516–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2013.2291000.

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49

Lee, S. W., H. S. Jung, and Y. J. Sung. "A Reconfigurable Antenna for LTE/WWAN Mobile Handset Applications." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 14 (2015): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2014.2354834.

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50

Chang, Shih-Hsun, and Wen-Jiao Liao. "A Broadband LTE/WWAN Antenna Design for Tablet PC." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 60, no. 9 (September 2012): 4354–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2012.2207075.

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