Relevant bibliographies by topics / WWII civilians

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Academic literature on the topic 'WWII civilians'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "WWII civilians"

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Burkle, Frederick M. "Revisiting the Battle of Solferino: The Worsening Plight of Civilian Casualties in War and Conflict." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 13, no. 5-6 (2019): 837–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2019.77.

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ABSTRACTThe toll of civilian deaths in current wars and conflicts has been building for decades. Civilian populations, particularly since WWII, have suffered most of the consequences of armed violence and today represent the most at-risk population. This is attributed to the rise of religious and ethnic hatreds, the collapse of State structures, the battle for control of natural resources, the vast availability of weapons, the proliferation of acts of terrorism, and the spread of so-called asymmetric conflicts. Protections provided to innocent civilians under International Humanitarian Law and the Geneva Conventions have been ignored. This commentary captures the experience of the immediate care and transportation provided to military casualties of the Battle of Solferino in 1859 with civilian casualties recently documented in a Stanford-led study during the “golden hour” after injury in 13 conflicts from 1990 to 2017. Despite many advances in triage and management of war injuries over the intervening decades, the common thread of these 2 scenarios is that transport times and early resuscitation capacity and capabilities, first recognized in the 19th century wars and now accepted as global norms and markers for survival from trauma, are as unavailable today to civilians caught up in war and conflict as they were to soldiers in the 19th century.
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Kent, Gregory. "Protecting Civilians in Non-permissive Contexts: A Tentative Typology of Humanitarian Crises." Global Responsibility to Protect 9, no. 4 (2017): 422–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1875984x-00904005.

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The global failure to respond effectively to mass atrocity crises in Rwanda, Bosnia, Syria and many other man-made catastrophes, can be understood as a result of failures of analysis, of a lack of preparedness and of limited political will to prevent or protect. This article offers an analytic innovation in the form of a classificatory typology in order to better consider civilian protection crises (in non-permissive environments) in terms of the estimated risk to civilians and the feasibility of protection. It should be seen as one tool in a developing set of analytic instruments for protection purposes. The civilian protection typology proposed here draws on a range of factors relevant to risk and feasibility, simplifying a hugely complex area of human activity to enable types of protection crisis to be established, permitting prioritisation of cases. The case of Syria – the worst humanitarian crisis since wwii – is examined using this framework, illustrating where this crisis might lie in the typology.
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Bonah, Christian. "“A word from man to man”. Interwar Venereal Disease Education Films for Military Audiences in France." Gesnerus 72, no. 1 (2015): 15–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22977953-07201002.

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In the 1910s, in the wake of the glorious decade of syphilography (1900–1910), the early health education films lay the groundwork for a pragmatic approach to the containment of venereal diseases combining (early) diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis. Realizing that WWI was turning into a durable military conflict, the French Army created a Cinematographic Section (SCA) in 1915 for the purposes of war propaganda and documentation. In 1916, secretary of war Justin Godard declared syphilis a “national public danger” and initiated information campaigns in military and civilian spheres. Conferences accompanied with film screenings were organized for all new military recruits, resulting in the production of a series sex hygiene films for military audiences characterized by a short, evocative and precise documentary style, contrasting with the romantic sex hygiene films aimed at the general public. This contribution examines the cinematographic origins of the instructional films for the military, as well as their evolution up to WWII and their influence on public sex hygiene films for civilians in the interwar period in France.
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Kuwert, Philipp, Elmar Brähler, Heide Glaesmer, Harald Jürgen Freyberger, and Oliver Decker. "Impact of forced displacement during World War II on the present-day mental health of the elderly: a population-based study." International Psychogeriatrics 21, no. 4 (2009): 748–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610209009107.

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ABSTRACTBackground: The effects of traumatization among the elderly is a neglected topic in research and clinical settings. Forced displacement of civilians is one of the main traumatic features of modern armed conflict. Roughly 12 million German people were displaced in World War II (WWII) and to our knowledge there has been no representative study investigating the mental health outcomes of such trauma in the elderly population. The survey assessed whether current depression, anxiety, resilience and life satisfaction were significantly associated with forced displacement in WWII.Methods: A nationwide representative face-to-face household survey was conducted in Germany. A representative sample of the German population aged 61 years or older (N = 1513 participants, N = 239 displaced in WWII) was approached using 258 sample points. Measurements included depressive symptoms (PHQ-2), anxiety (GAD-7), resilience (RS-11), general and domain-specific life satisfaction (FLZM) and sociodemographic variables.Results: Forced displacement in WWII is significantly associated with higher levels of anxiety and lower levels of resilience and life satisfaction 60 years later. In regression analyses, forced displacement in WWII significantly predicted current anxiety (β 0.07; p < 0.01), life satisfaction (β −0.06; p < 0.05) and resilience (β −0.07; p < 0.01).Conclusion: To our knowledge this is the first nationwide representative survey to examine the late-life effects of forced displacement, particularly of persons displaced during WWII in Germany. Further research is needed to identify mediating variables and to evaluate psychotherapeutic interventions in elderly trauma survivors.
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Kampmark, Binoy. "Among the Dead Cities: Was the Allied Bombing of Civilians in WWII a Necessity or a Crime? (review)." Journal of Military History 71, no. 1 (2007): 269–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jmh.2007.0042.

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Paletta, Christian. "733 From the Trenches of War to the Bedside of Civilians: Joseph E. Murray MD FACS and the Contributions of Military Surgeons to Advances in Burn Care." Journal of Burn Care & Research 41, Supplement_1 (2020): S198—S199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/iraa024.316.

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Abstract Introduction Significant advances in medical and surgical care have often originated from our experience caring for those wounded on the battlefield. The year of the ABA’s 52nd annual meeting marks the 30th anniversary of the selection of Joseph E. Murray MD FACS as recipient of the 1990 Nobel Prize in Medicine. Methods In his autobiography Surgery of the Soul: Reflections on a Curious Career, Dr. Murray credits a 22 year old US Army aviator named Charles Woods with guiding him into an emerging field of transplantation surgery. On December 23, 1944, Woods sustained burns over 70% of his body in an accident during takeoff while teaching another pilot at his Army Air Corps base in India. Woods survived and eventually was transferred back to the US where came under of the care of a young 25 year old surgeon named Joseph Murray. Results Like many young surgeons of his era, Dr. Murray joined the military service during WWII. Dr. Murray had just completed his internship at Peter Bent Brigham in Boston in September 1944 when he was assigned to Valley Forge General Hospital in Phoenixville, PA. Valley Forge was one of eight regional US Army hospitals created during WWII dedicated to plastic surgery and burn care. It was during his care for soldiers wounded in battle at this time in his early formative years that Dr. Murray developed his curiosity regarding tissue transplantation. Following military service, he completed his surgical training in Boston and New York City, and returned to the Brigham in July 1951. His military service caring for burn victims instilled a passion and curiosity regarding transplantation of human tissue. This culminated in his leading a team to perform the first human kidney transplantation on December 23, 1954...exactly 10 years to the day after the airplane crash that injured Charlie Woods. Conclusions Recognizing his dedication and accomplishments in the field of transplantation surgery, the Nobel selection committee awarded Dr. Murray thirty-six years later it’s Prize in Medicine. Applicability of Research to Practice Dr. Murray’s legacy which began during his care of soldiers during WWII offers an inspiration to all those caring for patients who have sustained burn injuries.
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Eberle, Christopher J. "Book ReviewsA. C. Grayling, Among the Dead Cities: The History and Moral Legacy of the WWII Bombing of Civilians in Germany and Japan.London: Bloomsbury, 2006. Pp. 352. £20 (cloth)." Ethics 117, no. 2 (2007): 356–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/510700.

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Koskinen-Koivisto, Eerika, and Suzie Thomas. "Remembering and Forgetting, Discovering and Cherishing." Ethnologia Fennica 45 (December 25, 2018): 28–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.23991/ef.v45i0.60647.

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The events of the Second World War left considerable material remains in Finnish Lapland, ranging from the remnants of structures that were destroyed in the 1944–45 Lapland War, through to small, portable objects connected to soldiers, prisoners of war and civilians. These material remains have variously been saved and cherished by survivors and their families, disregarded as ‘war junk’, ‘discovered’ by hobbyists exploring the landscape, amassed and exchanged by private collectors, and accessioned into official museum collections. These various processes represent transformations of material culture to take on various meanings and embodiments, depending on the different individuals and organizations involved. In this article we present and analyse data collected through ethnographic fieldwork in and around the Lapland village of Vuotso: primarily interviews and observations. We have conducted interviews with history hobbyists and museum professionals who engage with the WWII history of Lapland, and observed the treatment of ‘war material culture’, for example through exhibitions (both public and hidden) and through personal meaning-making practices. These encounters have centred around the material remains of the Second World War, and the ways in which different actors perceive, value and otherwise understand those remains. While some objects are transformed through musealisation, others remain ‘officially’ unknown and unrecognized (although known – even traded and exchanged – through private channels). Furthermore it may be as important for some actors to leave material culture in situ – for example as testimony to the past conflict or trauma – as it is for others to exercise personal ownership. Within this context, we deconstruct the notion of ‘expert’ as it relates to the local and historical knowledge. Being regarded by peers and others as an expert is not necessarily the same thing as having professional authority and status, for example as a museum curator or university-affiliated scholar. We draw upon theories of relational materiality, and suggest different typologies of engagement with the material culture. Different networks of interest and expertise emerge, dependent on the actors involved (including their status – e.g. museum professional, survivor, ‘incomer’, local activist – and how their knowledge is thus accepted, challenged or rejected by others), the context of ownership, situationality and perceived levels of authenticity.
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Wittmann, Florian. "Militärsportvereine unter dem NS-Regime." STADION 43, no. 2 (2019): 270–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0172-4029-2019-2-270.

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After conscription was re-introduced by Nazi Germany, countless military sports clubs were founded in the Wehrmacht. Although some of them rose in significance considerably until the end of WWII, little is known about these clubs. Based on recent access to archival sources, this article focuses on the self-representation and inner workings of these military sports clubs. It also shows how they set themselves apart from civilian sports clubs. The article also demonstrates that NS did not influence the daily routines of these clubs to a large extent.
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Goodrich, Gregory L., and Tom Zampieri. "Evergreen: The First U.S. Veterans’ Blind Rehabilitation Center." Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 113, no. 2 (2019): 180–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x19845706.

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Evergreen was a World War I (WWI) adult, inpatient vocational rehabilitation facility for war-blind soldiers, sailors, and marines in the United States. Although Evergreen shared similarities with European war-blind rehabilitation organizations, it was novel in its philosophy and approach. It was also unlike any civilian blind rehabilitation program of its day. Although there are no comprehensive records known to us of how many troops became blind or sustained vision loss during WWI, studying published reports of the veterans served by Evergreen provides some insight into this population. As the United States’ only blind rehabilitation facility for adults, Evergreen achieved several firsts, including having a national scope, being racially integrated (at least to some degree), and innovating a residential family training program. A role model of its day, it is now largely a footnote in the history of blind rehabilitation. We argue that the story of Evergreen contains lessons that should be remembered.
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Books on the topic "WWII civilians"

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When civilians manned the ships: Life in the Amphibious Fleet during WWII. Brandylane Publishers, 1997.

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Among the dead cities: Was the Allied bombing of civilians in WWII a necessity or a crime? Bloomsbury, 2006.

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Among the dead cities: The history and moral legacy of the WWII bombing of civilians in Germany and Japan. Walker & Co., 2006.

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Grayling, A. C. Among the dead cities: The history and moral legacy of the WWII bombing of civilians in Germany and Japan. Walker & Co., 2006.

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Brookhaven at Lexington (Nursing home), ed. A common purpose: The residents of Brookhaven at Lexington remember WWII and the decades that followed. Linnaean Press, 2014.

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M, Tomczyk Frances, ed. Among unknown hostages: The memoirs of an American who, along with more than a thousand other American civilians in Europe, spent years in Nazi prison camps once the U.S. entered WWII : the memoirs of John Tomczyk. AuthorHouse, 2006.

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The civilian bomb disposing earl: Jack Howard and bomb disposal in WWII. Pen & Sword, 2015.

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Dear Dods: Letters from a conscientious objector in WWII. AuthorHouse, 2009.

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Noschke, Richard. An insight into civilian internment in Britain during WWI. Anglo-German Family History Society Publications, 1998.

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Wwii Survival Tips. Crabtree Publishing Company, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "WWII civilians"

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Olguín, B. V. "Macho Man." In Violentologies. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198863090.003.0003.

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Chapter 2 is devoted to the WWII-Soldado Razo archetype that anchors Latina/o civic and cultural citizenship models, transnational mestizaje and hybridity paradigms, and hypermasculinist warrior hero discourses. Through a reassessment of familiar, as well as neglected and undertheorized literary and performative texts, the chapter examines the conservative—specifically heteronormative, capitalist, and protoimperialist—nature of prevailing triumphalist historiographies of the WWII Soldado Razo as a member of the proverbial “Greatest Generation.” Both familiar and new permutations of WWII-Soldado Razo archetypes, as well as related civilian archetypes such as Pachucas and Pachucos, reveal this figure’s varied negotiations of ideology. In the process they also complicate our understanding of the racialized, gendered, and sexualized texture of this epochal milieu and its Latina/o protagonists. This chapter’s case studies reveal that the Soldado Razo actually anchors a wide variety of WWII-era supra-Latina/o violentologies. These range from hyperlocal cultural nationalisms, protofascist imperialisms, frequently ignored WWII-era Marxist internationalisms, and protoqueer warrior heroes, all of whom are intertwined with homosocial and simultaneously homoerotic Pachucos!
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Wilshire, Howard G., Richard W. Hazlett, and Jane E. Nielson. "Creating the Nuclear Wasteland." In The American West at Risk. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195142051.003.0012.

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“At the heart of the matter nuclear weapons are simply the enemy of humanity”— retired U.S. Air Force General Lee Butler, former Commander of Strategic Nuclear Forces, spoke these words in his testimony to a 1999 Joint Senate–House Committee on Foreign Affairs. They probably express the deep feelings of most of the world’s people, including most Americans. Towering mushroom blast clouds and the shapes of atomic weapons are common symbols of doom. The specter of nuclear weapons in the hands of terrorists haunts us, and the possibility of attacks on U.S. citizens with “dirty bombs”—a bomb made of conventional explosives that scatters radioactive materials—raises major concerns. As it should. Nuclear weapons and the nuclear waste that they generate truly are destructive to all life and must be controlled. If we fail to prevent their proliferation in the world and stop generating them ourselves, they could destroy us without respect for national boundaries—even without a real nuclear war or dirty bomb terrorist attacks. They already have poisoned great expanses of American lands from coast to coast. American soil, water, and air started accumulating radioactive pollution during the World War II race to build an atom bomb. Radioactive contaminants spread into the environment at every step in the process, from mining the uranium for bomb fuel and purifying and enriching the uranium to make plutonium, to detonating bombs to test them and disposing of the wastes. Radioactive materials currently contaminate buildings, soil, sediment, rock, and underground or surface water within more than two million acres administered by the U.S. Department of Energy in the 11 western states. All sorts of Americans were carelessly exposed to radioactive bomb fuels during WWII and the Cold War, but especially the atomic scientists, uranium miners, and bomb plant workers who were exposed to them every day. For nearly two decades, U.S. atomic bombs blew up and contaminated American lands. Both American soldiers at the test grounds and civilians on ranches or farms and in homes were exposed to the dangerous radioactive fallout (see appendix 5). Perhaps unknown to most Americans is the fact that radioactive contamination from U.S. atomic weapons tests also spread across the whole country and far beyond U.S. borders.
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Wieters, Heike. "Setting up a non-profit enterprise (1945–47)." In The NGO Care and Food Aid from America 1945-80. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526117212.003.0002.

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Chapter 1 depicts the political, social and economic situation on the European continent at the end of World War Two and gives an account of international and United States relief activities to help feed the war-afflicted civilian populations in Europe. It takes a closer look at the incorporation and establishment of the Cooperative for American Relief to Europe (CARE) as a temporary private voluntary relief organization and sheds light on the social and political dynamics leading up to the establishment of one of the fastest growing US humanitarian NGOs in the aftermath of WWII
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Clark, Daniel J. "Shortages and Strikes, 1945–1948." In Disruption in Detroit. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042010.003.0002.

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After earning the nickname "The Arsenal of Democracy" during WWII, Detroit’s auto plants experienced production disruptions during postwar reconversion to civilian production. This meant significant layoffs, especially for women autoworkers. Shortages of crucial materials, often caused by steel strikes and coal strikes, made auto employment sporadic. Authorized strikes in the auto industry, including the 1946 GM strike called by Walter Reuther, and unauthorized "wildcat" strikes, all contributed to ongoing instability. Cold weather, hot weather, and federal credit regulations played roles as well. As a result, autoworkers experienced persistent layoffs even though auto companies managed to earn profits during the early postwar years. By late 1948, no one in the industry thought that the postwar boom had arrived.
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Kollmann, Karl, Calum E. Douglas, and S. Can Gülen. "Piston Aeroengines." In Turbo/Supercharger Compressors and Turbines for Aircraft Propulsion in WWII: Theory, History and Practice—Guidance from the Past for Modern Engineers and Students. ASME, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.884676_ch12.

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There were a number of aircraft and engine manufacturers active in Germany in 1930s and 1940s. Some were quite well known, e.g., Messerschmitt (former Bayerische Flugzeugwerke), Focke-Wulf, Junkers, Dornier, etc. Some others were rather obscure, e.g., Hamburger Flugzeugbau, Klemmflugzeugbau, etc. The Reichsluftfahrtministerium (RLM) had a rather convoluted designation system (they thought that it was an improvement over the older one, of course) to provide a (supposedly) simple and unambiguous identification of every German civilian and military aircraft and its corresponding airframe design. Manufacturers were represented by two letters: the first letter in upper case, the second usually in lower case. A selection of the most famous ones is listed in Table 12-1. It should be noted that a mass-production model by a certain manufacturer, say, Messerschmitt Bf 109, were manufactured in the factories of other manufacturers (e.g., Fieseler or Gotha) under license. This system was under the control of the RLM (later in the war, starting in early 1944, under the supervision of the Armament Ministry – see below).
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