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Journal articles on the topic 'WWII'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 June 2025

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1

Demirkol, Atahan. "Why Is There No Third World War Yet?" Slovak Journal of International Relations 20, no. 3 (2022): 277–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.53465/sjir.1339-2751.2022.3.277-290.

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This study questions why World War III (WWIII) has not happened in more than 75 years since World War II (WWII). World War I (WWI) and WWII were among the most significant events of the 20th century in political and military terms. However, the process that ended with WWI and WWII had started at least in the 19th century. The imbalance in the international area, uneven armament, lack of the global economic market, and non-existence of international organizations triggered WWI and WWII. In this regard, this study analyzes the lack of WWIII through two main theories of International Relations (IR). The economic interdependence and the emergence of the global market from the liberal perspective as well as the international law and organizations and increasing armament and balance of terror through realism have been used to understand why there is no WWIII yet.

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Janka, Carvajal, Wang, Bakke, and Dinamarca. "Treatment of Metformin-Containing Wastewater by a Hybrid Vertical Anaerobic Biofilm-Reactor (HyVAB)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 21 (2019): 4125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214125.

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Several series of batch and continuous experiments were performed to investigate the removal of metformin and other contaminants from two wastewaters: wastewater I (WWI) containing 4 mg/L metformin and wastewater II (WWII) containing 110 g/L butanol. Biomethane potential (BMP) tests on WWII showed 77% of total chemical oxygen demand (tCOD = 110 g/L) degradability, and no apparent inhibition effects were observed. BMP tests on WWI showed an apparent inhibitory effect reflected in lower biogas production with increasing metformin concentration in the wastewater. Continuous flow hybrid vertical anaerobic biofilm (HyVAB®) experiments were consistent with the batch test findings. It was necessary to co-digest WWI (metformin) with WWII (easily degradable organics) to achieve complete metformin removal. After a period of adaptation, WWI and WWII co-digestion achieved up to 98% tCOD removal and 100% metformin removal. Most of the contaminants were removed in the anaerobic section of the HyVAB®, which implies that higher chemical oxygen demand (COD) loads than tested here are possible, given some optimization. The pilot reactor was able to manage organic loads of 11 g COD/d and above 10 mg/L metformin with a removal of 98% and 100% for tCOD and metformin, respectively.

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3

Simpson, Peter. "The Disillusioned Hegelian: BarkerS Readings of Plato." Polis: The Journal for Ancient Greek Political Thought 23, no. 2 (2006): 263–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/20512996-90000096.

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Ernest Barker wrote two books on the political thought of Plato, both of which were also directly related to his study of the political thought of Aristotle. This essay examines the way Barkers readings of Plato changed, first from the earlier to the later of his two books, and then from the later of these books, written during WWI, to his translation of Aristotles Politics, written during WWII. The contention is that, as Barker himself partly confessed, WWI led him to read hopes into Platos works that he not had before and that he abandoned in WWII. This shift in reading Plato was essentially a shift in Barkers allegiance to political Hegelianism (of the sort he imbibed from T.H. Green), which, while it intensified during WWI, had given way entirely to a thoroughly English Whig Constitutionalism by the end of WWII. The abandonment of Hegel enabled Barker to reach not only a better understanding of Plato in his Aristotle book but also a better and more wry understanding of German philosophy.

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Nycz, Grzegorz. "The Bitburg Controversy from the New Cold War Perspective: Reagan’s Views on WWII Nazi Germany’s Soldiers’ Victimhood." Ad Americam 22 (March 28, 2021): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/adamericam.22.2021.22.03.

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The Bitburg Controversy from the New Cold War Perspective: Reagan’s Views on WWII Nazi Germany’s Soldiers’ Victimhood Why to go back to 1985 to discuss present-day key concerns of international relations fromthe perspective of World War II history during the Cold War? The May 5, 1985 Bitburg cemetery celebrations, when US president altogether with German chancellor (Helmut Kohl) paid tribute to WWII veterans (of both sides of the conflict) was an example of the Ronald Reagan administration’s public relations fiasco: the “Great Communicator” failed to refer to WWII history in a manner that would save him from harsh criticism. Importantly, the 1985 debate concerning the Bitburg ceremony and the moral aspects of a homage to German (Axis) WWII soldiers gave an incentive to “Historikerstreit” in Germany, a dispute regarding WWII history in a manner comparable to Holocaust responsibility as a collective burden carried by Germans. The Bitburg cemetery, since the 1930s a monument (Kolmeshöhe Ehrenfriedhof) to WWI German military victims, and then to their younger colleagues during WWII (Wehrmacht and, controversially, Waffen-SS) remained a broadly commented upon focal point of Cold War disputes, allowing such questions that might bring about a possibilityof ground-breaking change in present-day political rivalries caused by failed (or successful) Cold War propaganda related to WWII choices. The Bitburg case as a particularly illustrative one and could also shed more light on the post-Soviet Russian effort to increase its influence by relying on the myths of the “Great Patriotic War”.

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Walker, Tyler R., Scott W. Cowan, Charles J. Yeo, and Alec C. Beekley. "Major General Malcolm C. Grow, M.D. (1887–1960) Soldier, Surgeon, Airman." American Surgeon 83, no. 11 (2017): 1298–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481708301135.

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World War I (WWI) and World War II (WWII) both presented physicians with challenges unseen before in history. New inventions such as the machine gun and poisonous gas in WWI and the massive aircraft battles in WWII required physicians and surgeons to adapt and innovate to provide the best care and preventative measures for service members. One physician, Malcolm Cummings Grow, distinguished himself as an innovator, a researcher, and a leader. His contributions to the field of military medicine, flight surgery, and medical administration led to countless lives being saved during the two World Wars and laid the groundwork for many different combat protective equipment still in use today.

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6

Conroy, Kelly. "WWII Factory." Feminist Studies 40, no. 2 (2014): 394–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/fem.2014.0010.

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7

Adir, Victor, Nicoleta Elisabeta Pascu, and George Adir. "A study about the advertisements and pictorial posters of WWI and WWII." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 8, no. 1 (2021): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v7i4.5773.

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In this paper, we have tried to evoke the propaganda episode in the First and the Second World Wars (WWI and WWII). It is a small part of our study including only research about images, characters, messages and words (title and text) used to create a mobilising movement of the people during these wars. The purpose was to select elements from the advertisements and pictorial posters and to comment upon the impact of the graphic messages included. During our work, we have identified many interesting things which had the target to mobilise one person against another using graphics and words with a strong patriotic message. This paper presents the interpretation for only a few posters and advertisements (about 48), but relevant for war propaganda.  Keywords: WWI, WWII, propaganda, war, symbols, image, words

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Adir, Victor, Nicoleta Elisabeta Pascu, and George Adir. "A study about the advertisements and pictorial posters of WWI and WWII." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 8, no. 1 (2021): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v8i1.5773.

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In this paper, we have tried to evoke the propaganda episode in the First and the Second World Wars (WWI and WWII). It is a small part of our study including only research about images, characters, messages and words (title and text) used to create a mobilising movement of the people during these wars. The purpose was to select elements from the advertisements and pictorial posters and to comment upon the impact of the graphic messages included. During our work, we have identified many interesting things which had the target to mobilise one person against another using graphics and words with a strong patriotic message. This paper presents the interpretation for only a few posters and advertisements (about 48), but relevant for war propaganda.  Keywords: WWI, WWII, propaganda, war, symbols, image, words

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9

Vin-Raviv, Neomi, Rachel Dekel, Micha Barchana, Shai Linn, and Lital Keinan-Boker. "World War II-related post-traumatic stress disorder and breast cancer risk among Israeli women: a case-control study." International Psychogeriatrics 26, no. 3 (2013): 499–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610213002081.

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ABSTRACTBackground:Several studies have suggested that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is related to adverse health outcomes. There are limited data on PTSD and cancer, which has a long latency period. We investigated the association between World War II (WWII)-related PTSD and subsequent breast cancer (BC) risk among Jewish WWII survivors and examined whether this association was modified by exposure to hunger during WWII.Methods:We compared 65 BC patients diagnosed in 2005 through 2010 to 200 population-based controls who were members of various organizations for Jewish WWII survivors in Israel. All participants were born in Europe, lived at least six months under Nazi rule during WWII, and immigrated to Israel after the war. We estimated PTSD using the PTSD Inventory and applied logistic regression models to estimate the association between WWII-related PTSD and BC, adjusting for potential confounders.Results:We observed a linear association between WWII-related PTSD and BC risk. This association remained significant following adjustment for potential confounders, including obesity, alcohol consumption, smoking, age during WWII, hunger exposure during WWII, and total number of traumatic life events (OR = 2.89, 95% CI = 1.14–7.31). However, the level of hunger exposure during WWII modified this effect significantly.Conclusions:These findings suggest an independent association between WWII-related PTSD and subsequent BC risk in Jewish WWII survivors that is modified by hunger, a novel finding. Future research is needed to further explore these findings.

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10

Jarosz-Nojszewska, Anna. "Odbudowa gmachu doświadczalnego Szkoły Głównej Handlowej w Warszawie po II wojnie światowej." Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego. Studia i Prace, no. 3 (November 27, 2016): 109–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/kkessip.2016.3.4.

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In 2008 the Campus of the Warsaw School of Economics (SGH) was entered into the register of monuments. The Research Pavilion, so called Building A, is the oldest of the campus buildings. It was constructed between WWI and WWII according to the design of Jan Koszczyc-Witkiewicz, one of the most renowned contemporary architects. During WWII, immediately after the end of the Warsaw Uprising, the Germans burnt down this building despite the signed capitulation agreement guaranteeing the protection of Polish national heritage monuments. The building accommodated at that time the archives of Polish pre-war state institutions, which were completely destroyed. The building was reconstructed after the WWII as a results of the efforts of the university authorities and personal involvement of Professor Stanisław Skrzywan. The paper presents the process of reconstruction of the listed building based on archive sources - the Archives of the capital city of Warsaw (the archives of the Capital Reconstruction Bureau)and SGH Archives (the minutes from meetings of the SGH Senate), the memoires and contemporary press

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11

Buchsbaum, Betty. "Manhattan Skyscraper WWII." Women's Review of Books 22, no. 2 (2004): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4024438.

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12

Illuzzi, Jennifer. "Continuities and Discontinuities: Antiziganism in Germany and Italy (1900-1938)." Sociología Histórica, no. 10 (October 19, 2020): 51–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/sh.451181.

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In both Germany and Italy before WWI, populations labelled as Gypsies found themselves in a “state of exception” which aimed at their elimination from the nation-state by targeting them with policies emanating from the executive. Both states adhered to the liberal idea of equality before the law, but used the flexibility provided by executive authority to pressure Gypsies to leave the state.  After WWI, both Germany and Italy were forced to retain “Gypsies” inside the state as a result of changing geopolitical circumstances. However, in fascist Italy before WWII, executive authorities continued to operate in a “state of exception” and ceased adhering to the rule of law, interning Gypsies in concentration camps and seeking to eliminate them through forced assimilation. In Weimar Germany, legislative policies sought to eliminate Gypsies through bringing them inside of the law. The contradiction between increasingly racialized notion of Gypsy inassimilability and forced assimilation’s inevitable failures certainly laid the groundwork for extreme measures in both places during WWII.

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13

Dudás, Eszter, Márk Stier, and Dániel Czidor. "Forensic investigation of war graves from WWI and WWII in Hungary." Forensic Science International 320 (March 2021): 110688. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.110688.

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14

Quigley, John. "William Yale: Witness to Partition in the Middle East, WWI-WWII." British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 43, no. 3 (2016): 428–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13530194.2016.1140864.

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15

Bartels, Charlotte. "Top Incomes in Germany, 1871–2014." Journal of Economic History 79, no. 3 (2019): 669–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050719000378.

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This study provides new evidence on top income shares in Germany from industrialization to the present. Income concentration was high in the nineteenth century, dropped sharply after WWI and during the hyperinflation years of the 1920s, then increased rapidly throughout the Nazi period beginning in the 1930s. Following the end of WWII, German top income shares returned to 1920s levels. The German pattern stands in contrast to developments in France, the United Kingdom, and the United States, where WWII brought a sizeable and lasting reduction in top income shares. Since the turn of the millennium, income concentration in Germany has been on the rise and is today among the highest in Europe. The capital share is consistently positively associated with income concentration, whereas growth, technological change, trade, unions, and top tax rates are positively associated in some periods and negative in others.

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Fauque, Danielle, and Brigitte Van Tiggelen. "Rebuilding IUPAC after WWII." Chemistry International 41, no. 3 (2019): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ci-2019-0308.

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Abstract The League of Nations’ failure to ensure global peace by solving conflicts through diplomatic and peaceful means prompted Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill to discuss the creation of a more efficient international organization as soon as the Second World War erupted. These preliminary efforts led to the signing of the Charter of the United Nations (UN) in San Francisco in 1945. In January 1946, the first general UN assembly took place, along with the Security Council and the Economic and Social Council. The latter created several international bodies, among them UNESCO. At first, UNESCO seemed to be the continuation of the International Institute for the Intellectual Cooperation (IIIC) coupled with the International Commission for the Intellectual Cooperation (ICIC), but was actually based on new rules [1].

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17

Devine, Maija Rhee. "Comfort Women of WWII." Pleiades: Literature in Context 40, no. 2 (2020): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/plc.2020.0102.

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18

Sørensen, Estrid, and Jan Schank. "Categorizations of World War II in Videogames." Eludamos: Journal for Computer Game Culture 13, no. 1 (2022): 81–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/23.6893.

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WWII remains a popular adaptation for videogames seventy years after its end, yet, what kind of war is depicted through these games? With inspiration drawn from Ethnomethodology, this article asks which cues WWII first person shooters, strategy games and flight simulation provide players with to categorize WWII. Eight different categorizations are identified. Even though preferred categorizations are found in each of the three genres analyzed, each game invites players to categorize WWII in several different ways. Moreover, it is shown that the sequentiality of these different categorizations is crucial for the way in which players are led to engage in virtual military engagements. They are offered varied moral orders and varied moral engagements.

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Mokrova, E. M. "THE FORMATION OF THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY IN THE CONTEXT OF WORLD EVENTS OF THE XX CENTURY." Vestnik Bryanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta 08, no. 02 (2024): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22281/2413-9912-2024-08-02-116-124.

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The article retrospectively considers oil development history starting from the first use of the «black gold» in prehistoric times, first oil well drilling and ending with the oil industry development on the international level In the XX century. The author analyzes the correlation of human historic development and diversification of hydrocarbonic fuel usage. The article studies activities of the major oil corporations such as «Standard Oil», «Anglo-Persian Oil Company», as well as oil companies active at present – «Royal Dutch Shell», «British Petroleum», «Agip», etc. The impact of such pivotal events in the world history as Russian 1917 Revolution, WWI, WWII, post-WWII decolonization process and etc. on oil and gas market is examined. Complex interdependence of world historical events and oil production development is studied in the research. Comparative analysis of these developments and mutual impact of events is provided. Oil is considered as both a strategic fuel and an instrument of foreign policy.

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Musiał, Aleksandra. "“It’s a War I Still Would Go To”: The American War in Vietnam and Nostalgic Re-Imaginings of World War II." Jednak Książki. Gdańskie Czasopismo Humanistyczne, no. 9 (April 24, 2018): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/jk.2018.9.01.

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In this article, I trace the process through which World War II (WWII) has become the „good war” in American culture. Drawing on a range of books and articles published on the subject —and often written by the war’s veterans—I summarize their findings considering the essentially mythical nature of the conflict’ common memory. The well-known aspects of this myth include the view that WWII was a straightforward struggle between good and evil, that the U.S. soldiers who fought it belonged to “the greatest generation,” and that it was ultimately an expression and activization of American honor, heroism, and gallantry. Further on, I argue that beginning in the 1980s, a resurgence of cultural interest in WWII becomes evident, but now tinged not only with the emerging image of “the good war,” but also with nostalgia—and that the “nostalgization” of the conflict was caused directly by, and indeed possible only because of, the U.S. experience in Vietnam. I trace the multifaceted and multiple references to WWII in Vietnam War narratives—but also to Vietnam in some nostalgic representations of WWII.

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Monfils, Rean. "THE GLOBAL RISK OF MARINE POLLUTION FROM WWII SHIPWRECKS: EXAMPLES FROM THE SEVEN SEAS." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2005, no. 1 (2005): 1049–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2005-1-1049.

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ABSTRACT The world took notice and action when the oil tanker Prestige sank and leaked oil onto the coast of Spain and France. Significant resources and considerable money was allocated to locate the wreck, patch the leaks and eventually offload the remaining oil. What is not well known, is that there is a significantly larger global marine pollution threat from over 7800 sunken WWII vessels worldwide, including over 860 oil tankers, corroding for over 60 years at the bottom of the worlds oceans. Over the past three years, in conjunction with the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP), a project has been completed by the author to compile data on WWII shipwrecks across the Asia/Pacific region. This regional risk assessment is probably the first and most complete of its type so far published. The Geographic Information System (GIS) database created for the Asia Pacific waters details ship type, tonnage and location of over 3,800 vessels lost in WWII. This amounts to over 13 million tons of sunken vessels in the Pacific alone ranging from aircraft carriers to battleships, and including over 330 tankers and oilers. The creation of the Asia Pacific database acted as a catalyst to the creation of the Atlantic, Mediterranean and Indian Ocean (AMI0) WWII shipwreck database. This new geographic database, although still in its initial development, highlights the significant number of WWII shipwrecks globally. The AMIO database details the location and ownership of over 3950 vessels, over 1000 tons, of which 529 are oil tankers. This paper details the information contained within the AMIO WWII shipwreck database including the potential oil and non-oil sources of marine pollution from these vessels. WWII shipwrecks are unique from commercial and non-military shipwrecks due to sovereignty, jurisdictional and ownership issues and these differences will also be discussed. The paper concludes with a summary for future directions to address the many response and preparedness issues associated with WWII shipwrecks.

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Sun, Yang. "Woodrow Wilson's Influence on WWI and the Paris Peace Treaties: Assessing the Impact and Challenges of a Visionary Leader." Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management 11, no. 1 (2023): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/fbem.v11i1.11596.

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World War I (WWI) had a big impact on territories in Asia, Africa, and Europe and led to the fall of some monarchies, resulting in the rise of empires like the British and French. WWII broke out despite these changes and established a new world order, with the Soviet Union and the United States becoming the dominant global superpowers. The United States played an important role in ending WWI and later in the peace negotiations through President Woodrow Wilson (Cooper Jr, 2008). In this passage, I will assess Woodrow Wilson's influence on the war aims and the Paris peace treaties.

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Howard-Hassmann, Rhoda E. "Guilt, Reparations, and WWII Perpetrators." International Studies Review 16, no. 4 (2014): 690–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/misr.12179.

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S. Brilev. ""Electrician": A WWII Spy Story." International Affairs 65, no. 002 (2019): 252–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21557/iaf.53420855.

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Xavier, Riaud. "International Dental Aid and WWII." Journal of Dental Problems and Solutions 1, no. 1 (2014): 011–13. https://doi.org/10.17352/2394-8418.000004.

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During the liberation of the camps, a great majority of the detainees died after eating abundantly within a short period of time. A thousand men died because the Americans and the Englishmen were totally bewildered and overwhelmed with what was in front of them. In good faith, they gave a great amount of food to the survivors without thinking of the dramatic consequences that this was going to cause. Indeed, the survivors’ weakened bodies could not bear too much food. As a result, they changed their minds and they set up field hospitals which were to feed the sick through successive steps. Doctor Samuel Glashow [1] was the chief dental officer of the 307th medical company of the 82nd American Aeronautical Division in 1945. On March and April of that same year, he took part in the liberation of the Ludwiglust concentration camp in the North of Germany. Here is what he remembered. I have been with the 82nd Division since 1942 and we conducted seven combat missions. Two months before the end of the war, we were occupying Ludwiglust where the German army had been before. My superior and a dental officer, Major Works and I decided to go and see the infamous concentration camp. What we saw was beyond unimaginable.

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Schoofs, Kim, and Dorien Van De Mieroop. "Collaboratively balancing stories and identities in Belgian WWII interviews." International Review of Pragmatics 16, no. 2 (2024): 296–317. https://doi.org/10.1163/18773109-01602006.

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Abstract In this study, we scrutinize the collaborative balancing of stories and identities in a corpus of Belgian WWII interviews. Specifically, we zoom in on three dimensions—tellability, morality and credibility—to explore how interactants jointly construct testimonies that are in line with social norms—and are thus acceptable—within the WWII remembrance storytelling context. By relying on a narrative as social practice-approach, we confronted fine-grained analyses of identity work in the interviews with master narratives circulating in the wider remembrance context. Our analyses reveal unique norms regarding tellability (i.e. the tellability of typically untellable topics), morality (i.e. the condemnation of outgroup affiliations) and credibility (i.e. the importance of trustworthy narratives). We argue that these norms not only resulted from the storytelling world’s specific time-space configuration, but were also informed by the WWII storyworld, which may attest to the existence of a WWII remembrance community of imagination.

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Watanabe, Shingo. "Technology Shocks and the Great Depression." Journal of Economic History 76, no. 3 (2016): 909–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050716000772.

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Standard productivity measures indicate large fluctuations in technology during the Great Depression. This article's historical technology series (1892–1966), controlled for aggregation effects, varying input utilization, non-constant returns, and imperfect competition, does not indicate technology regress such that could trigger the downturn. In contrast, technology improvements in the recovery were so rapid that, over the whole Great Depression period, technology growth was highest among pre-WWII decades. This article also finds that output changed little and inputs fell when technology improved in the pre-WWII period. Real-business-cycle models have difficulty in explaining pre-WWII business cycles characterized by such responses.

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Andrey V., Povilaitis. "On the Issue of Rethinking the Date of the Beginning of the World War II. Problematic Fields of Discussion." Общество: философия, история, культура, no. 1 (January 22, 2025): 95–102. https://doi.org/10.24158/fik.2025.1.11.

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The author focuses on the discussion about the date of the outbreak of the Second World War (hereinafter re-ferred to as WWII), as well as its “problem fields”. The purpose of the study is to identify the factors necessary to resolve the discussion about the start date of WWII. Achieving the goal involves solving the following tasks: identifying and defining problem fields that hinder the achievement of the stated goal, criticizing the date “Sep-tember 1, 1939” as the date of the beginning of WWII and analyzing alternative dates put forward by research-ers. The novelty of the research is the author’s appeal to the philosophical, terminological, and legal aspects of the problem. In conclusion, the author proposes a methodology for resolving the discussion, focuses on the need for an interdisciplinary approach, expresses his hypothesis and argues in favor of the version that the beginning of WWII should be considered March 7, 1936.

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Ivešić, Tomaž. "Words Instruct, Illustrations Lead: The National Question after the October Revolution." Monitor ISH 20, no. 1 (2018): 33–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.33700/1580-7118.20.1.33-49(2018).

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The paper focuses on the development of Marxist-Leninist views on the phenomenon of nationalism and on the evolution of nations. The germs of the idea of a socialist nationality can be found already before WWI. After the October Revolution, the Stalinist practice of solving the national question was marked by the process of Korenizatsiya: the Bolsheviks emphasised the nationalities in the Soviet Union, hoping that this would accelerate the transition to socialism. This policy was likewise adopted in Yugoslavia during and immediately after WWII.

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Haas, Mary E. "Notable Trade Book Lesson Plan Lost Childhood: My Life In A Japanese Prison Camp During World War II Written by Annelex Hofstra Layson with Herman J. Viola." Social Studies Research and Practice 5, no. 3 (2010): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ssrp-03-2010-b0010.

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Lost Childhood: My Life In A Japanese Prison Camp During World War II is a memoir. The events of World War II (WWII) took place around the world disrupting the daily lives of children. In school students often examine WWII only from the perspective of their own nation and thereby fail to learn and understand how their lives today were impacted by a war that began 70 years ago and continues to impact the world today. This lesson examines a detailed memoir of Annelex, a child in the Dutch East Indies during WWII and in its immediate aftermath. Annelex describes her fears and how her mother and grandmother helped her overcome uncertainties in living to survive and grow.

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Kuwert, Philipp, Elmar Brähler, Heide Glaesmer, Harald Jürgen Freyberger, and Oliver Decker. "Impact of forced displacement during World War II on the present-day mental health of the elderly: a population-based study." International Psychogeriatrics 21, no. 4 (2009): 748–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610209009107.

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ABSTRACTBackground: The effects of traumatization among the elderly is a neglected topic in research and clinical settings. Forced displacement of civilians is one of the main traumatic features of modern armed conflict. Roughly 12 million German people were displaced in World War II (WWII) and to our knowledge there has been no representative study investigating the mental health outcomes of such trauma in the elderly population. The survey assessed whether current depression, anxiety, resilience and life satisfaction were significantly associated with forced displacement in WWII.Methods: A nationwide representative face-to-face household survey was conducted in Germany. A representative sample of the German population aged 61 years or older (N = 1513 participants, N = 239 displaced in WWII) was approached using 258 sample points. Measurements included depressive symptoms (PHQ-2), anxiety (GAD-7), resilience (RS-11), general and domain-specific life satisfaction (FLZM) and sociodemographic variables.Results: Forced displacement in WWII is significantly associated with higher levels of anxiety and lower levels of resilience and life satisfaction 60 years later. In regression analyses, forced displacement in WWII significantly predicted current anxiety (β 0.07; p < 0.01), life satisfaction (β −0.06; p < 0.05) and resilience (β −0.07; p < 0.01).Conclusion: To our knowledge this is the first nationwide representative survey to examine the late-life effects of forced displacement, particularly of persons displaced during WWII in Germany. Further research is needed to identify mediating variables and to evaluate psychotherapeutic interventions in elderly trauma survivors.

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Naz, Hina, Tania Shabir Shaikh, and Muhammad Arfan Lodhi. "THE COLONIZED EAST-AFRICA: A POSTCOLONIAL ANALYSIS OF ABDULRAZAK GURNAH’S AFTERLIVES IN LIGHT OF FRANTZ FANON." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 04, no. 04 (2022): 549–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v4i04.839.

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As of now German colonial presence on the African continent and East-Africa’s campaign during WWI and WWII is little presented in history as well as in literature particularly novels. This present study aims to fill this gap by examining Abdul Razak Gurnah’s historical novel Afterlives (2020) in the light of Postcolonial critic Frantz Fanon’s The Wretch of the Earth (1961). Through textual analysis, the qualitative study intends to seek the ways colonialism (both German and British) influence East-Africa in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in the perspective of WWI and WWII and aftermath of its destruction. Moreover, the study attempts to examine how Gurnah’s novel presents psychological effects of colonization on indigenous people who witnessed it and how violence and war contributed in the process of decolonization. The findings of the research shows that colonization as well as decolonization is a violentphenomenon in which both colonizers and colonized use violence as a tool to maintain or gain power. The native people, as described in aforementioned novel, strive to survive in inter and aftermath of war although their constant encounter with violence and identity crisis (degradation) led them towards severe psychological disturbance. The novel also presents the native people responses to such destruction and war through interconnected lives of its major characters Ilyas, Hamza and Afiya who represented pro and anti-German views of colonization and of war. The study concludes that determination of native African to survive through love and kindness are key factors which help them to retrieve their lost souls after cruel circumstances of colonial life, war and ruin. Keywords:Colonialization, Decolonization, Aftermath, Violence, WWI & II, Identity Crisis

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Calvi, Licia, and Moniek Hover. "Crossroads: Life Changing Stories from the Second World War." Non-fiction Transmedia 5, no. 10 (2016): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18146/2213-0969.2016.jethc112.

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Crossroads is the name of the concept that narratively connects several WWII-related cultural institutions in Brabant. We were initially looking for ways to connect 4 otherwise very diverse World War II-related institutions (in fact, 3 museums and a commemoration centre) and we found it in this overarching paradigm. Crossroads does not require museums to share their collection items. It offers them instead a tool to build and offer visitors a cohesive experience related to WWII heritage. This experience is characterized by the specific focus into their WWII stories using storytelling that they can adopt. This paper will highlight the creative process that brought to the development of this concept and will discuss examples of the resulting transmedia narratives.

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Schweitzer, Johannes. "Foundation of the Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft in its international context." History of Geo- and Space Sciences 14, no. 1 (2023): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hgss-14-15-2023.

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Abstract. This article describes the international seismological cooperation at the beginning of the last century and how this cooperation changed due to World War I (WWI). These changes were the direct reasons leading to the foundation of the Deutsche Seismologische Gesellschaft (DSG, German Seismological Society) in 1922, which changed its name to the Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG, German Geophysical Society) 2 years later. The second part of the article shortly describes the further development of the relationship between German geophysicists and their international colleagues until the beginning of World War II (WWII).

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Asim, Ghulam Mohammad, and Hajime Shimizu. "Transformation Analysis of Traditional Mosques: The Case of Bardurani Quarter of Herat Old City, Afghanistan." Heritage 5, no. 3 (2022): 1819–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage5030094.

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This study examines the traditional mosques in the Bardurani quarter of Herat Old City, Afghanistan, after WWII. The study discovered urban developments, typology of mosques, as well as destructions, changes, and transformations of the traditional mosques. It involved compiling data, conducting a field survey, examining historical maps, reviewing published works to explain constructions, and finding out how transformations took place. Twenty-nine mosques are constructed in the study area. Twenty-five of them were originally constructed before WWII with traditional local material, and four were constructed after WWII; of these four, three are modern (concrete) and one is made of traditional material. Twelve out of the twenty-five traditional mosques still exist in traditional form, while twelve have been transformed, and one has been damaged. Modern mosques are found to the northwest of the quarter, where the city wall was razed, flattened, and transformed into residential area. Transformations started after WWII and have occurred mainly in the southern parts of the quarter. The majority of the mosques in the northern areas are preserved, while in the southern regions they are transformed, and modern constructions were carried out in the newly urbanized areas.

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Chappine, Patricia. "Organizing the Home Front: The American Women’s Voluntary Services in New Jersey during World War II." New Jersey Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 8, no. 1 (2022): 50–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14713/njs.v8i1.264.

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During World War II (WWII), the American Women’s Voluntary Services (AWVS) became the largest service organization in the U.S. At the onset of American entry into WWII, the AWVS already included 18,000 volunteers. Within two years of its creation, the group expanded to 350 chapters nationwide, with the height of its wartime membership reaching roughly 325,000. Both on a national and local level, the AWVS proved instrumental to the success of home-front mobilization during WWII. With numerous community chapters, significant wartime initiatives, and proximity to the national AWVS in New York City, the New Jersey groups serve as a starting point for a more nuanced reflection on the AWVS during WWII. Along with considerations of gendered citizenship and volunteerism, the narrative of the AWVS presents women who both adhered to accepted forms of volunteerism and pushed social boundaries. The activities of the AWVS occupied a space somewhere in between nurturing and militaristic, blurring gendered lines of acceptable wartime participation and occupying a unique role not easily categorized. These women reimagined local activism and cooperation as encompassing more than their socially accepted supporting roles and expanded into areas of civilian defense, disaster response, emergency preparedness, and more. 

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Leung, Ellie. "Economic Adaptations of Neutral Nations during International Conflicts: Political Strategies during WWI and WWII." International Journal of High School Research 6, no. 7 (2024): 39–47. https://doi.org/10.36838/v6i7.7.

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Migonytė-Petrulienė, Viltė. "Rivers as part of the mdernization process in Kaunas (Lithuania) between WWI and WWII." Art History & Criticism 12 (2016): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.7220/1822-4547.12.2.

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Sutherland, Serenity. "Homefront Heroines: The WAVES of WWII." American Journalism 38, no. 4 (2021): 513–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08821127.2021.1976028.

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Thies, Clifford F. "Expectations of a Post-Wwii Depression." Studia Historiae Oeconomicae 39, no. 1 (2021): 145–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sho-2021-0006.

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Abstract The forecast of a Post-WWII depression is contrasted against the vigorous growth that actually happened. Economists called for continued control over the economy to prevent the feared depression. But, in spite of the warning, returning soldiers were rapidly demobilized and the economy decontrolled. While economists dismissed indications toward the end of the war of pent-up demand as unsustainable, pent-up demand played an important role in the smooth transition from a wartime to a peacetime economy. Indicators of pent-up demand included buying plans and the accumulation of liquid assets. This study tracks expectations of a post-war depression of the general public, business and economists during this period. It shows that, in 1947, all three groups expected a recession, if not a depression. Yet, no such thing occurred. In the case of the general public, a time series of expectations is extracted from heterogeneous survey data.

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Barrett, Deirdre, Zach Sogolow, OH Angela, Jasmine Panton, Malcolm Grayson, and Melanie Justiniano. "Content of Dreams from WWII POWs." Imagination, Cognition and Personality 33, no. 1 (2013): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ic.33.1-2.g.

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Elrod, C. "WWII, MINERALOGY AND ME: A MEMOIR." American Mineralogist 99, no. 7 (2014): 1519. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am.2014.649.

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Faurholt, Niels. "E.S.Schieber German Code Device from WWII." Cryptologia 34, no. 1 (2009): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01611190903225942.

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Bouchaudy, Jean-François. "Genuine French WWII M-209 cryptograms." Cryptologia 43, no. 5 (2019): 359–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2019.1596180.

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Weierud, Frode, and Sandy Zabell. "German mathematicians and cryptology in WWII." Cryptologia 44, no. 2 (2019): 97–171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2019.1600076.

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Enserink, M. "Ongoing Controversy over Debye's WWII Role." Science 313, no. 5793 (2006): 1572b—1573b. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.313.5793.1572b.

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Porch, Douglas, Harold Deutsch, and Dennis Showalter. "What If? Strategic Alternatives of WWII." Journal of Military History 63, no. 2 (1999): 478. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/120688.

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De Vos, Els, Selin Geerinckx, Inês Lima Rodrigues, and Ana Vaz Milheiro. "Post-WWII Modernism with a glaze." Docomomo Journal, no. 68 (September 1, 2023): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.52200/docomomo.68.01.

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Post World War II European modern housing often exhibited a Corbusian influence, but Le Corbusier was not embraced to the same extent everywhere, as noticed during exchanges between the University of Lisbon and the University of Antwerp in the ambit of the COST-Action 18137 on MCMH. While Belgium has several 1950s social housing projects, strongly indebted in its Unité d’habitation in Marseilles, Portugal does not. There, social housing architecture remained rather conservative, even though Corbusian features manifested themselves in some middle-class mass housing projects, such as the complex on Avenida Estados Unidos da América in Lisbon (1954-1966) designed by Lucínio Cruz, Alberto Ayres de Sousa and Mário Oliveira. While the housing blocks are on pilotis, they also have notable Art-Deco elements. In Belgium, free-standing modernist housing on pilotis with Art-Deco features also appears, such as the housing project at the Jan De Voslei in Antwerp designed by Jos Smolderen (1952-1967). These Modernist/Art-Deco hybrids have never been explored in depth because they are considered not radical enough. However, these cases shed light on how (older) architects mediated between traditional architecture and Modernism, between their own preferences and those of the state or housing company. They illuminate the political, social, and urban context in which these buildings were created. This paper explains why the principles Belgian architects applied to social housing were closer to Lisbon’s middle-class housing than their similar buildings for low-income housing. Based on cross-referencing archival material, legislation, on-site observations, and a study of the political, urban and social context, this paper posits a re-reading of Le Corbusier’s legacy in middle-class housing in Lisbon versus Antwerp.

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Adamus, Rafał. "Polish-German Dispute over WWII Reparations." Societas et Iurisprudentia 11, no. 1 (2023): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31262/1339-5467/2023/11/1/21-37.

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This study concerns the dispute between Poland and Germany regarding war reparations for losses caused in Poland in the years 1939 – 1945. The author pointed to the relevant acts of international law. This applies to the so-called Potsdam Agreement, the declaration of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (hereinafter referred to as the “USSR”) on the resignation of claims against Germany, the declaration of the government of the People’s Republic of Poland on the resignation of claims, the German unification treaty. As well as in the study, the substantive position that may be presented by Poland was indicated. After the end of the World War II, there was no peace agreement between the defeated Germans and members of the anti-German coalition. This was due to emerging political differences between the victorious states. What is significant in the case is the fact that the Polish war losses were not covered in full. There are reasons to believe that Poland’s renunciation of claims in year 1953 (with effect from January 1, 1954) was invalid.

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Maia, Nadareishvili. "The Georgian Symbol of WWII Victory." BRAMS 1, no. 3/4 (2021): 107–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761034.

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The article analyses the life of Meliton Kantaria, a Georgian sergeant of the Red Army, who hoisted the Soviet flag over the battered Reichstag in Berlin together with sergeant Mikhail Yegorov.

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