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Journal articles on the topic 'X-bar Theory'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Haspelmath, Martin. "Functional categories, X-bar-theory, and grammaticalization theory." Sprachtypologie und Universalienforschung 47, no. 1 (1994): 3–15. https://doi.org/10.1524/stuf.1994.47.1.3.

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ABSTRACT: The paper reviews a number of parallels between grammaticalization theory and Chomskyan syntax that are not apparent because of the radically different ways of talking in these two research traditions. First, the recently rediscovered ‘functional categories’ evidently correspond to highly grammaticalized elements. Second, neither functional categories nor highly grammaticalized elements are restricted to either word or affix status. Third, several functional categories have head status both from the point of view of Chomskyan syntax and from the point of view of grammaticalization th

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2

Gaertner, Hans-Martin. "Has Bare Phrase Structure Theory superseded X-Bar Theory?" ZAS Papers in Linguistics 4 (December 1, 1995): 22–35. https://doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.4.1995.820.

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Kornai, András, Geoffrey K. Pullum, and Andras Kornai. "The X-Bar Theory of Phrase Structure." Language 66, no. 1 (1990): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/415278.

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Kornai, András, and Geoffrey K. Pullum. "The X-bar theory of phrase structure." Language 66, no. 1 (1990): 24–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.1990.0015.

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5

Wittaningsih, Aprilia. "English Passive Voice: An X-Bar Theory Analysis." Indonesian Journal of English Language Studies (IJELS) 4, no. 2 (2019): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24071/ijels.v4i2.2305.

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English passive voice has its own pattern. Some says that the pattern comes from the active form then it is changing. However, it is rather difficult to memorize the pattern, especially for the non-native people. X-bar theory is one way that can be used in understanding the passive form. By using X-bar diagram, the D- structure of the sentence can be seen and then moved into certain position which makes the S-structure of passive form. This study aims to see what movements exist in the English passive constructions and if there is any of special case. By giving the examples and the X-bar diagr

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Isaac, Obins Nuhu, Mary Daniel Nimram, Blessing Saina’an Lagan, Daniel Nanlir Nimram, Umeh Ann Ifeoma, and Nuhu Joseph Azi. "X-Bartheory: Its Pros/Strengths and Cons/Weaknesses in Generative Grammar." European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences 2, no. 2 (2024): 369–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2024.2(2).32.

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The X-bar theory is an interesting field in linguistic investigation. X-bar theory deepens our understanding of grammatical structure, and as a result may help us use the language in question (English language) more effectively. This study is a critical review, primarily aimed at exploring and examining the strengths and limitations of the X-bar theory in the analysis of syntactic structures in the English language. While we do not claim that X-bar syntax is the “best” approach to the analysis of [English] sentences, it has advantages over some other approaches. The study proves that despite t

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Obins, Nuhu Isaac, Daniel Nimram Mary, Saina'an Lagan Blessing, Nanlir Nimram Daniel, Ann Ifeoma Umeh, and Joseph Azi Nuhu. "X-Bartheory: Its Pros/Strengths and Cons/Weaknesses in Generative Grammar." European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences 2, no. 2 (2024): 369–81. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2024.2(2).32.

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The X-bar theory is an interesting field in linguistic investigation. X-bar theory deepens our understanding of grammatical structure, and as a result may help us use the language in question (English language) more effectively. This study is a critical review, primarily aimed at exploring and examining the strengths and limitations of the X-bar theory in the analysis of syntactic structures in the English language. While we do not claim that X-bar syntax is the “best” approach to the analysis of [English] sentences, it has advantages over some other approaches. The study proves th

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Fitriyani, Dian Zelina, and Dian Zelina Fitriyani. "INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE IN MINANGKABAU LANGUAGE: X-BAR THEORY." RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa 3, no. 1 (2017): 188–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jr.3.1.229.188-200.

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This study discusses the grammatical function of the question words and the internal structure of interrogative sentence in Minangkabau language. The study of this interrogative sentence structure applies X-bar theory as one of the generative syntax subtheories. The data is gained from the interview of Minangkabau language native speaker and analysed by using the distributional method. The result of the analysis shows that the question words for wh-question has two grammatical functions, specifier and complement. For yes-no question, the question word “iyonyo” has one grammatical function, tha

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9

Leko, Nedzad. "X-bar theory and internal structure of NPs." Lingua 75, no. 2-3 (1988): 135–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-3841(88)90030-7.

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10

Angelita, Tasya, Aini Nahdlia Puspita, and F. X. Sawardi. "Phrase Verbs in Minangkabau Language: X-Bar Theory." Translation and Linguistics (Transling) 5, no. 1 (2025): 80. https://doi.org/10.20961/transling.v5i1.99893.

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This research aims to describe the functional categories of interrogative words and formulate the structural rules for verb phrase constructions in Minangkabau language using the X-Bar theory. The research data consists of verb phrases in Minang language sourced from native Minang speakers. The research method employed is a qualitative, descriptive approach with data collection techniques involving participant observation followed by note-taking. The data is classified into categories that can combine with verb phrases in their construction. Subsequently, the data is analyzed and presented usi

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Ginanti, Indira, and Mulyadi Mulyadi. "Kalimat koordinatif dalam bahasa melayu serdang: Analisis x-bar." LingTera 5, no. 2 (2018): 144–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/lt.v5i2.21515.

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Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan hasil dan data untuk mencari dan membedah kalimat koordinatif dalam bahasa Melayu Serdang (BMS) yang menggunakan teori X-bar. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk membuktikan bahwa struktur dalam BMS dan bahasa Indonesia itu tidak berbeda. Baik berdasarkan pola kalimat maupun kontruksinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode padan yang memadankan antara bahasa Indonesia dan BMS. Jadi, dalam membedah struktur batin yang terdapat dalam BMS yang menggunakan teori X-bar itu disepadankan dengan bahasa Indonesia. Adapun objek kajian yang ditelaah adalah kalima

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LIU, XIAO-HAI, та QIANG ZHAO. "TETRAQUARK $X(ud\bar s\bar s)$ PRODUCTION IN pn → ΛΛX". International Journal of Modern Physics E 18, № 02 (2009): 309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301309012331.

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We propose to search for a tetraquark candidate [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] or ΛΛKK*. The existence of tetraquark state [Formula: see text] was predicted in the literature due to specific diquark effective degrees of freedom inside hadrons. In order to understand the underlying dynamics for exotic hadrons, a search for the tetraquark [Formula: see text] is strongly recommended. We make an estimate of the production rate of [Formula: see text] in an effective lagrangian theory. The proposed reaction involves two Λ production, of which the narrow widths make it a great advantage i

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13

Nunes, Jairo. "Bare X-Bar Theory and Structures Formed by Movement." Linguistic Inquiry 29, no. 1 (1998): 160–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002438998553707.

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14

Banakh, Taras, Serhii Bardyla, and Oleg Gutik. "The Lawson number of a semitopological semilattice." Semigroup Forum 103, no. 1 (2021): 24–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00233-021-10184-z.

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AbstractFor a Hausdorff topologized semilattice X its Lawson number$$\bar{\Lambda }(X)$$ Λ ¯ ( X ) is the smallest cardinal $$\kappa $$ κ such that for any distinct points $$x,y\in X$$ x , y ∈ X there exists a family $$\mathcal U$$ U of closed neighborhoods of x in X such that $$|\mathcal U|\le \kappa $$ | U | ≤ κ and $$\bigcap \mathcal U$$ ⋂ U is a subsemilattice of X that does not contain y. It follows that $$\bar{\Lambda }(X)\le \bar{\psi }(X)$$ Λ ¯ ( X ) ≤ ψ ¯ ( X ) , where $$\bar{\psi }(X)$$ ψ ¯ ( X ) is the smallest cardinal $$\kappa $$ κ such that for any point $$x\in X$$ x ∈ X there ex

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Zahra, Soraya Tsamara, and Mulyadi Mulyadi. "KALIMAT TANYA DALAM BAHASA MANDAILING: TEORI X-BAR." RETORIKA: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya 12, no. 2 (2019): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/retorika.v12i2.9315.

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Interrogative Sentence in Mandailing Language: X-bar Theory. This study aims to analyze grammatical and lexical structure in interrogative sentence in Mandailing language. The study of this interrogative sentence structure applies X-bar theory as one of the generative syntax subtheories. This type of research includes qualitative research using distributional method. The data were collected through interview and observation. The result of the study showed that the wh-question in Mandailing language had grammatical function as spesifier and komplement, while the total question sentence had a fu

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16

Arfianty, Rani. "Contrastive Causative Construction in Japanese and Indonesian: X-Bar Theory." International Journal Linguistics of Sumatra and Malay 2, no. 2 (2024): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/ijlsm.v2i2.15382.

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This study aims to describe causative contractions in Japanese and Indonesian; how causative sentence structures in the form of diagrams through X-Bar theory, their meanings in Japanese and Indonesian, as well as their similarities and differences in both languages. The study used contrastive analysis to compare the causal sentence contraction of both languages. Research results show that the causal sentence construction of both languages is derived from non-causative sentences by converting predicates into causative verbs. However, there are several verbs in both Indonesian and Japanese, whic

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Gumarpi Rahis Pasaribu and Mulyadi. "Malay Interrogative Sentences: X-Bar Analysis." RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa 9, no. 1 (2023): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.55637/jr.9.1.6191.43-53.

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This study examines the syntactic behavior of question words of malay in the interrogative construction in north labuhanbatu. This study aimed to analyze the question words of all interrogative types in the language. Therefore, the research data cover question words known as word malay in north labuhanbatu which are derived from the relevant literature. The theoretical framework used in this study is the X-bar theory proposed by Haegeman (1992). The data analysis techniques used in this research were distributed methods which use the language element determination tool itself. The results show

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Banakh, Taras, and Serhii Bardyla. "On images of complete topologized subsemilattices in sequential semitopological semilattices." Semigroup Forum 100, no. 3 (2019): 662–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00233-019-10061-w.

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Abstract A topologized semilattice X is called complete if each non-empty chain $$C\subset X$$ C ⊂ X has $$\inf C\in {\bar{C}}$$ inf C ∈ C ¯ and $$\sup C\in {\bar{C}}$$ sup C ∈ C ¯ . We prove that for any continuous homomorphism $$h:X\rightarrow Y$$ h : X → Y from a complete topologized semilattice X to a sequential Hausdorff semitopological semilattice Y the image h(X) is closed in Y.

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19

Krishnamoorthy, Raju, and Ambrus Pál. "Rank 2 local systems and abelian varieties II." Compositio Mathematica 158, no. 4 (2022): 868–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/s0010437x22007333.

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Let $X/\mathbb {F}_{q}$ be a smooth, geometrically connected, quasi-projective scheme. Let $\mathcal {E}$ be a semi-simple overconvergent $F$ -isocrystal on $X$ . Suppose that irreducible summands $\mathcal {E}_i$ of $\mathcal {E}$ have rank 2, determinant $\bar {\mathbb {Q}}_p(-1)$ , and infinite monodromy at $\infty$ . Suppose further that for each closed point $x$ of $X$ , the characteristic polynomial of $\mathcal {E}$ at $x$ is in $\mathbb {Q}[t]\subset \mathbb {Q}_p[t]$ . Then there exists a dense open subset $U\subset X$ such that $\mathcal {E}|_U$ comes from a family of abelian varieti

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20

Peace Benson and Christiana Eragbe. "COMPARATIVE STUDY OF JENJO AND ENGLISH SYNTACTIC STRUCTURES: AN X-BAR PERSPECTIVE." Ahyu: A Journal of Language and Literature 1, no. 3 (2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.56666/ahyu.v1i3.1.

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This paper is a comparative study of the Jenjo and English syntactic structures using X-bar perspective. It establishes the parameters of this universal theory and looks into the various lexical categories determining their position within the X-bar rules. All the categories explored in both languages had specifier, complement and adjunct. It was discovered that most modifiers in Jenjo are post-modifier, while English has pre-modifiers and post-modifiers.

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Budiman, Jaka, and Mulyadi Mulyadi. "Konstruksi Interogatif Bahasa Jepang : Analisis X-Bar." Chi'e: Journal of Japanese Learning and Teaching 8, no. 1 (2020): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/chie.v8i1.37327.

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Abstrak Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan mengenai kategori fungsi kalimat interogatif dan merumuskan bentuk kalimat interogatif dalam bahasa Jepang menggunakan teori X-Bar. Dalam penelitian artikel ini, penulis menggunakan metode kepustakaan. Lalu, data dianalisis dengan metode agih dan hasil disajikan menggunakan pemahaman formal dan informal. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kategori fungsional kalimat interogatif dalam bahasa Jepang meliputi komplemen dan pemerlengkap. Fungsi kalimat interogatif sebagai pemerlengkap ditempati oleh kalimat interogatif ya-tidak dan kalimat interogatif dengan kata

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22

Ahmed, Ohod Faisal. "SYNTACTIC ANALYSIS OF ARABIC NOUN PHRASE’S BETWEEN ARABIC AND ENGLISH: X BAR THEORY." Translation and Linguistics (Transling) 3, no. 3 (2023): 215. https://doi.org/10.20961/transling.v3i3.82705.

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<p class="p1"><em>Through the prism of X-Bar theory, this research explores the complex world of Arabic noun</em></p><p class="p1"><em>phrases, contrasting and comparing their syntactic patterns with those of the English language. A key</em></p><p class="p1"><em>component of linguistic study is the examination of noun phrases since it reveals the structural</em></p><p class="p1"><em>differences and similarities between Arabic and English, two linguistically dissimilar languages. The</em></p><p cl

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Ballaÿ, François. "Successive minima and asymptotic slopes in Arakelov geometry." Compositio Mathematica 157, no. 6 (2021): 1302–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/s0010437x21007156.

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Let $X$ be a normal and geometrically integral projective variety over a global field $K$ and let $\bar {D}$ be an adelic ${\mathbb {R}}$-Cartier divisor on $X$. We prove a conjecture of Chen, showing that the essential minimum $\zeta _{\mathrm {ess}}(\bar {D})$ of $\bar {D}$ equals its asymptotic maximal slope under mild positivity assumptions. As an application, we see that $\zeta _{\mathrm {ess}}(\bar {D})$ can be read on the Okounkov body of the underlying divisor $D$ via the Boucksom–Chen concave transform. This gives a new interpretation of Zhang's inequalities on successive minima and a

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Mayasari, Mayasari, and Mulyadi Mulyadi. "QUESTION WORDS IN THE INTERROGATIVE CONSTRUCTION IN JAVANESE: IN X-BAR THEORY." Language Literacy: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Language Teaching 4, no. 1 (2020): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30743/ll.v4i1.2217.

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This study examines the syntactic behavior of question words (tembung pitakon) in the interrogative construction in Javanese. This study aimed to analyze the question words of all interrogative types in the language. Therefore, the research data cover question words known as tembung pitakon in Javanese which are derived from the relevant literature. The theoretical framework used in this study is the X-bar theory proposed by Haegeman (1992). The data analysis techniques used in this research were distributed methods which use the language element determination tool itself. The results show tha

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Wang, Chunlin, and Liping Yang. "Newton polygons for L-functions of generalized Kloosterman sums." Forum Mathematicum 34, no. 1 (2021): 77–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/forum-2021-0220.

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Abstract In the present paper, we study the Newton polygons for the L-functions of n-variable generalized Kloosterman sums. Generally, the Newton polygon has a topological lower bound, called the Hodge polygon. In order to determine the Hodge polygon, we explicitly construct a basis of the top-dimensional Dwork cohomology. Using Wan’s decomposition theorem and diagonal local theory, we obtain when the Newton polygon coincides with the Hodge polygon. In particular, we concretely get the slope sequence for the L-function of F ¯ ⁢ ( λ ¯ , x ) := ∑ i = 1 n x i a i + λ ¯ ⁢ ∏ i = 1 n x i - 1 , \bar{

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Ermawati. S, Hermaliza, and Alber. "Struktur Frasa Verbal Bahasa Melayu Riau Dialek Kampar: Teori X-Bar." Perspektif Pendidikan dan Keguruan 12, no. 2 (2021): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/perspektif.2021.vol12(2).7655.

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Abstract There have been several research studies that discussed verb phrases. But only some researchers analyse the X-bar theory concerning regional languages in Riau. The author attempts to demonstrate the structure of verb phrase in the Malay dialect of Kampar by using the X-bar theory.This study aims to find and analyse the rules structuring verb phrases contained in the Malay dialect of Kampar. This research was conducted through a field observation by using the descriptive method. According to the findings of the study, it is found that the principles for creating verb phrase struc

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Barbaud, Philippe E. "Conversion Syntaxique." Lingvisticæ Investigationes. International Journal of Linguistics and Language Resources 18, no. 1 (1994): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.18.1.02bar.

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In this study, it is shown that the "category changing" property of morphological rules of conversion is unable to account for compound words, for formal and semantic reasons. Several convergent facts demonstrate that the compounding process is syntactic in nature. Consequently, it is argued that X-bar theory must be involved in compound word formation because of the "lexical function" of the syntax. Empirical data are mainly focused on French Noms Composés à base Verbale, or NCV, as tire-bouchon (cork screw),porte-parole (spoke person), gagne-pain (job), etc., which are analyzed as base gener

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Noureddine Daili та K. Saadi. "Nondifferentiable augmented Lagrangian, ε-proximal penalty methods and applications". Malaya Journal of Matematik 4, № 04 (2016): 534–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.26637/mjm404/003.

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The purpose of this work is to prove results concerning the duality theory and to give detailed study on the augmented Lagrangian algorithms and $\varepsilon$-proximal penalty method which are considered, today, as the most strong algorithms to solve nonlinear differentiable and nondifferentiable problems of optimization. We give an algorithm of primal-dual type, where we show that sequences $\left\{\lambda^k\right\}_k$ and $\left\{x^k\right\}_k$ generated by this algorithm converge globally, with at least the Slater condition, to $\bar{\lambda}$ and $\bar{x}$. Numerical simulations are given.

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Keeseok Cho. "A Post X-bar Theory Framework: A Double Tier Approach to Sentence Creation." Studies in Foreign Language Education 27, no. 1 (2013): 179–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.16933/sfle.2013.27.1.179.

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Al Aqad, Mohammed H. "Syntactic Analysis of Arabic Adverb′s between Arabic and English: X Bar Theory." International Journal of Language and Linguistics 1, no. 3 (2013): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijll.20130103.11.

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Udeh, Mercy Kalu. "A comparative analysis of English and Igbo noun phrases using x bar theory." Greener Journal of Languages and Literature Research 7, no. 1 (2022): 31–39. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7111986.

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<strong>The primary noun phrases in Ígbò have heads that demand for and select other grammatical elements that help to expand them from bare noun phrases into lexical items. This paper made use of a qualitative method of research. The reviews were both theoretical and conceptual. Sources of data include primary and secondary sources. The concept of noun phrases in the noun lexical and phrasal categories has been controversial, i.e. whether the head is initial, medial, or final in Ígbò. The paper made a comparative analysis of English and Igbo noun phrases using x bar theory to de

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Subiyanto, Agus. "Does Javanese have Inflectional Phrase?" Culturalistics: Journal of Cultural, Literary, and Linguistic Studies 1, no. 1 (2017): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/culturalistics.v1i1.1751.

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Abstract In generative grammar, especially in the X-bar theory, all syntactic constructions are claimed to be endocentric. This principle enforces a sentence or a clause to be treated as an inflectional phrase, with the inflectional category as the head. This principle has been attested for many languages and it has become a general rule. However, some languages like Javanese may behave differently from languages having the inflection system like English. This paper aims to discuss whether Javanese has Inflectional phrase or not. The data used in this study was taken from a Javanese magazine P

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Dharmawan, Adhitya. "Analisis Tense Phrase Menggunakan Teori X-Bar pada Kalimat dan Klausa di dalam Teks Recount Bahasa Inggris (Pendekatan Sintaksis)." Translation and Linguistics (Transling) 4, no. 2 (2024): 92. https://doi.org/10.20961/transling.v4i2.89494.

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This study presents a comprehensive syntactic analysis of tense phrases within the framework of X-bar theory applied to recount texts. Utilizing a corpus of diverse recount narratives, we employ a generative approach to scrutinize the hierarchical structure and syntactic relationships governing tense constituents. Our investigation reveals intricate patterns of tense phrase formation, shedding light on the underlying syntactic mechanisms that govern temporal information encoding. Through a meticulous examination of tense-related features, we uncover the nuanced interplay between functional pro

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Motapanyane, Virginia. "On Preverbal Positions in Romanian." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 39, no. 1 (1994): 15–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100014833.

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The concepts of X-bar theory are fundamental to the framework of generative grammar. The last version of the theory (Chomsky 1992) defines the projected positions as either narrowly or broadly L(exically)-related to the head X, where “L-relation” means inclusion in the checking domain of X. Narrowly L-related positions, nonadjoined (e.g., Spec), obey structure preserving rules; they have the basic properties of A-positions. Broadly L-related positions, adjoined and optional, have the properties of A’-positions.

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Barabash, R. I., S. A. Demin, M. A. Krivoglaz, and K. V. Chuistov. "X-ray diffuse scattering of a decomposing hexagonal alloy." Journal of Applied Crystallography 23, no. 6 (1990): 458–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889890005039.

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A new type of X-ray diffuse scattering has been found in the early stages of decomposition of the hexagonal phase of Mn–44at.% Al. The diffuse scattering is observed mainly within the basal plane of the reciprocal lattice and differs for the 10{\bar 1}l and 11{\bar 2}l points. Theoretical calculations of the X-ray diffuse scattering according to the kinematic scattering theory have been performed for the elastically isotropic and anisotropic cases and for precipitates of various forms and orientations with and without a depleted layer surrounding them. In the latter case, a zero-intensity regi

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Yang, Xiaomei, and Jianchao Zeng. "Economic design of x-bar control chart under hybrid maintenance policy." Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering 24, no. 3 (2018): 331–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jqme-10-2016-0054.

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Purpose According to the relevance of product quality and machine degradation state, a hybrid maintenance policy is designed. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach Product quality control and machine maintenance are considered simultaneously in this policy. Based on this policy, the economic model of x-bar control chart is proposed using statistical process control and renewal reward theory. Findings This model is solved by genetic algorithm and the experimental results validated its feasibility. Originality/value In this model, the four corresponding relationship,

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HUANG, WEN, JIAN LI, JEAN-PAUL THOUVENOT, LEIYE XU, and XIANGDONG YE. "Bounded complexity, mean equicontinuity and discrete spectrum." Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems 41, no. 2 (2019): 494–533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/etds.2019.66.

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We study dynamical systems that have bounded complexity with respect to three kinds metrics: the Bowen metric $d_{n}$, the max-mean metric $\hat{d}_{n}$ and the mean metric $\bar{d}_{n}$, both in topological dynamics and ergodic theory. It is shown that a topological dynamical system $(X,T)$ has bounded complexity with respect to $d_{n}$ (respectively $\hat{d}_{n}$) if and only if it is equicontinuous (respectively equicontinuous in the mean). However, we construct minimal systems that have bounded complexity with respect to $\bar{d}_{n}$ but that are not equicontinuous in the mean. It turns o

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Siallagan, Gracia Clara, Adinda Melva Cristy Purba, and Mulyadi Mulyadi. "Serial Verb Construction in Sundanese." Advances In Social Humanities Research 2, no. 6 (2024): 868–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.46799/adv.v2i6.257.

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This study aims to analyze the construction of serial verbs in Sundanese using the X-bar theory. Data sourced from written Sundanese as the main data and spoken data as supporting data. The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative method using the X-Bar theory introduced by Noam Chomsky. The results of the analysis show that the Sundanese serial verb construction (BS) has three constructions namely coordinate KVS, incoative KVS, and configurational KVS. Based on the structure of its construction, Sundanese as a language that is typologically classified as an SVO language. The con

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Medeiros, David P. "Optimal Growth in Phrase Structure." Biolinguistics 2, no. 2-3 (2008): 152–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/bioling.8639.

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This article claims that some familiar properties of phrase structure reflect laws of form. It is shown that optimal sequencing of recursive Merge operations so as to dynamically minimize c-command and containment relations in unlabeled branching forms leads to structural correlates of projection. Thus, a tendency for syntactic structures to pattern according to the X-bar schema (or other shapes exhibiting endocentricity and maximality of ‘non-head daughters’) is plausibly an emergent epiphenomenon of efficient computation. The specifier-head-complement configuration of X-bar theory is shown t

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Basheer, Ayoub B. M. "ON A GROUP EXTENSION INVOLVING THE SPORADIC JANKO GROUP \(J_{2}\)." Ural Mathematical Journal 10, no. 1 (2024): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/umj.2024.1.003.

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Using the electronic Atlas of Wilson [21], the group J_2 has an absolutely irreducible module of dimension 6 over F_4. Therefor a split extension group of the form 4^6:J_2:= \bar{G} exists. In this paper we study this group, where we determine its conjugacy classes and character table using the coset analysis technique together with Clifford-Fischer Theory. We determined the inertia factor groups of \bar{G} by analysing the maximal subgroups of J_2 and maximal of the maximal subgroups of J_2 together with other various information. It turns out that the character table of \bar{G} is a 53 x 53

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Saragih, Elza Leyli Lisnora, and Mulyadi Mulyadi. "Pola Pembentukan Konstruksi Verba Serial dalam Bahasa Batak Toba (Teori X-Bar)." GERAM 8, no. 1 (2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/geram.2020.vol8(1).4432.

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This study aimed to describe the construction and how the formation pattern of serial verbs in Batak Toba language through X-bar theory. A qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques using note-taking and interview techniques was used. Data were collected from interviews with native speakers and the text of Toba Batak language almanac. In analyzing the data, a method of distribution was employed. The results showed that the formation pattern of serial verbs in the Batak Toba language consisted of 4 types namely which were [transitive V1+ transitive V2], [transitive V1+intran

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Ulfa, Maria, and Mulyadi Mulyadi. "Interrogative Construction in Aceh Language." JURNAL ARBITRER 7, no. 1 (2020): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/ar.7.1.45-50.2020.

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The article deals with the interrogative construction in Aceh language. This study used a qualitative approach. The study aims to find out; (1) kinds of interrogative words in Aceh language (2) interrogative construction in Aceh language by using X Bar Theory. The data in this study are Acehnese sentences that contain Interrogative words. The data sources in this study are (1) Acehnese dictionaries, (2) Acehnese Book, and (3) Acehnese speakers. The data collection process by an interview with the Acehnese speaker in Langsa and data analysis used X Bar Theory. The results of the study show that

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Ling, Xiang, Shan-Tung Tu, and Jian-Ming Gong. "Damage Mechanics Considerations for Life Extension of High-Temperature Components." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 122, no. 2 (1999): 174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.556167.

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Continuum damage theory has proven to be an effective tool in creep damage simulation. In order to establish some mechanical principles for life extension of components at elevated temperature, a numerical scheme based on the localized creep damage theory is introduced. To illustrate the strength potential of structures for life extension, the method is first applied to a simple case of two-bar structure. Typical components of geometrical discontinuity, material discontinuity, and temperature inhomogenity are then analyzed. In terms of the damage distribution or life exhaustion of the componen

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Ball, Jerry T. "A bi-polar theory of nominal and clause structure and function." Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics 5 (November 29, 2007): 27–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/arcl.5.03bal.

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A bi-polar theory of the structure and function of nominals and clauses is presented in which a specifier, functioning as a referential pole, and a head, functioning as a relational pole, combine to form a referring expression. The theory applies to both object referring expressions, in the case of nominals, and situation referring expressions, in the case of clauses. The bi-polar theory is contrasted with X-Bar Theory — a uni-polar theory in which the head uniquely determines the type of the larger expression in which it occurs. Uni-polar theories adopt a strong notion of endocentricity, whic

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Ji, Zhanjiang. "The research of $({\rm{G}}, {\rm{w}})$-Chaos and G-Lipschitz shadowing property." AIMS Mathematics 7, no. 6 (2022): 10180–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/math.2022566.

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<abstract> <p>In this paper, we introduce the concepts of $ (G, w) - $ Chaos and $ G - $ Lipschitz shadowing property. We study the dynamical properties of $ (G, w) - $ Chaos in the inverse limit space under group action. In addition, we study the dynamical properties of $ G - $ Lipschitz shadowing property respectively under topological $ G - $ conjugate and iterative systems. The following conclusions are obtained. (1) Let $ ({X_f}, \bar G, {\text{ }}\bar d, \sigma) $ be the inverse limit space of $ (X, G, d, f) $ under group action. If the self-map $ f $ is $ (G, w) - $ chaotic,

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Adouani, Abdellatif. "La Morphologie Est-Elle la Syntaxe des Mots?" Lingvisticæ Investigationes. International Journal of Linguistics and Language Resources 19, no. 1 (1995): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.19.1.02ado.

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Is Morphology the Syntax of Words? This article deals with the place of morphology in relation to the syntactic component of grammar. Its main purpose is to show, thanks to the study of some empirical data, that the general principles of the X-bar theory are unsuited to describe the inner structure of constructed words in French. From this study emerges the fact that the construction of lexical units pertains to specific rules which must take place inside an autonomous lexical component.

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Jacobsen, Bent. "Remarks on Acceptability and Grammaticality." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 5, no. 8 (2015): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v5i8.21490.

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<p>In the present paper a distinction is drawn between <strong>acceptability</strong> and <strong>grammaticality</strong>. These two concepts have often been confounded in the literature. Thus linguists have been prone to say that 'the native speaker makes grammaticality judgments'. Nothing could be more mistaken. He makes acceptability judgments, and that is something entirely different. In this article, I shall make use of the sentence-schema which has been current since Chomsky (1986a) - a logical extension of X-bar syntax. Readers who are not familiar with the

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Yang, Yongzhong. "The Structure of Classifier Constructions and Some Related Theoretical Issues." Macrolinguistics 9, no. 15 (2021): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26478/ja2021.9.15.1.

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Some questions regarding the analysis of classifiers and classifier constructions are raised in this paper. The classifier, as a mere adjunct adjoining to the head, cannot serve as the head of the noun phrase containing it, and as a result, it cannot project as ClP or nP. Under this approach, the DP analysis and the classifier construction theory are further refined. The constituents which precede and follow the classifier are analyzed in terms of their syntactic functions, semantic relations, linear features, feature assignment and syntactic occurrence in order to represent the classifier con

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Rasheed, Mereen H. F., Ayad Z. S. Agha, and Bahman O. Taha. "Behavior of Fibrous Reinforced Concrete Splices." Open Civil Engineering Journal 15, no. 1 (2021): 441–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149502115010441.

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Background: The tangent of the relationship between bond stress and displacement (slip) is called the modulus of displacement and gives the basis for the theory. This theory is used to determine the stress distribution along the spliced reinforcement bars. Objective: This research presents a modification on the theory of the modulus of displacement to determine the stress distribution along the spliced reinforcement bond for fibrous reinforced concrete. Methods: 1- General differential equations are derived for concrete stress, stress in reinforcement bars and bond stress between reinforcement

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Spencer, Andrew. "Nominal inflection and the nature of functional categories." Journal of Linguistics 28, no. 2 (1992): 313–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226700015243.

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There is a widespread assumption within the Government–Binding theory as it has developed from the Barriers model (Chomsky 1986) that functional categories, that is, categories which play a role in establishing dependencies between parts of a sentence, as opposed to lexical categories, should be represented as heads projecting X-bar phrases. I shall refer to this as the Full Functional Projection Hypothesis (FFPH), stated informally in (1). (i) Full Functional Projection Hypothesis Any morphophonosyntactic formative which corresponds to a functional category in a given language is syntacticall

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