Relevant bibliographies by topics / X-Ray Micro-diffraction

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers
  5. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'X-Ray Micro-diffraction'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 17 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "X-Ray Micro-diffraction"

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Nestola, Fabrizio, Marcello Merli, Paolo Nimis, Matteo Parisatto, Maya Kopylova, Andrea De Stefano, Micaela Longo, Luca Ziberna, and Murli Manghnani. "In situ analysis of garnet inclusion in diamond using single-crystal X-ray diffraction and X-ray micro-tomography." European Journal of Mineralogy 24, no. 4 (July 30, 2012): 599–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2012/0024-2212.

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Musumeci, Daniele, Chunhua Hu, and Michael Ward. "Fighting Counterfeit Drugs Using Micro-X-Ray Diffraction." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314088652.

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A new protocol using micro-X-ray diffraction is developed to certify the authenticity of drug tablets, and therefore to prevent, deter, or detect counterfeit medicinal products. The method uses X-ray to map hidden patterns printed under the tablet coating and on packages. The patterns such as barcodes and logos are made of compounds approvoved by the Food and Drug Administration. The method is nondestructive, automated and user-friendly. The protocol relies on verification of phase, composition, and pattern readout in a single measurement, which reduces the risk of circumvention.
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Duan Zeming, 段泽明, 姜其立 Jiang Qili, 刘俊 Liu Jun, 潘秋丽 Pan Qiuli, and 程琳 Cheng Lin. "Micro Energy Dispersive X-Ray Diffraction Analysis by Polycapillary X-Ray Optics Focusing." Acta Optica Sinica 38, no. 12 (2018): 1230002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos201838.1230002.

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Eatough, M. O., M. A. Rodriguez, D. Dimos, and B. Tuttle. "Microanalysis of Ferroelectric Memories Using Micro X-Ray Diffraction." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 54 (August 11, 1996): 244–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s042482010016368x.

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Since the advent of the microdiffractometer a new world of analysis possibilities have opened. In this paper we will discuss a novel use of microdifraction. We have developed a method for monitoring domain switching in ferroelectric thin films in situ using micro x-ray diffraction (μXRD). μXRD is a nontraditional x-ray diffraction technique which has recently attracted much attention [3]. The microdiffractometer is capable of obtaining a diffraction pattern from 0 – 150° 20 simultaneously from regions as small as 30μm in diameter. The purpose of this study was to determine if ferroelectric switching of ferroelectric Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 (PZT) thin films can be observed using μXRD. This method will be extremely valuable as we target the necessary processing parameters to achieve the desired switching behaviors and to monitor switching in micron-sized devices.
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Kirk, C., and G. Cressey. "Pushing the limits of laboratory X-ray (micro) diffraction." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 60, a1 (August 26, 2004): s51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s010876730409899x.

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Lau, Deborah, David Hay, and Natasha Wright. "Micro X-ray diffraction for painting and pigment analysis." AICCM Bulletin 30, no. 1 (December 2006): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/bac.2006.30.1.005.

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Wang, Hejing, and Jian Zhou. "On the peak shapes of X-ray micro diffraction." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 66, a1 (August 29, 2010): s301—s302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767310093062.

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Wroblewski, Thomas, A. Bjeoumikhov, and Bernd Hasse. "Micro Diffraction Imaging of Bulk Polycrystalline Materials." Materials Science Forum 524-525 (September 2006): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.524-525.273.

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X-ray diffraction imaging applies an array of parallel capillaries in front of a position sensitive detector. Conventional micro channel plates of a few millimetre thickness have successfully been used as collimator arrays but require short sample to detector distances to achieve high spatial resolution. Furthermore, their limited absorption restricts their applications to low energy X-rays of around 10 keV. Progress in the fabrication of long polycapillaries allows an increase in the sample to detector distance without decreasing resolution and the use of high X-ray energies enables bulk investigations in transmission geometry.
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Nichols, M. C., and R. W. Ryon. "An X-Ray Micro-Fluorescence Analysis System With Diffraction Capabilities." Advances in X-ray Analysis 29 (1985): 423–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800010533.

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AbstractA prototype X-ray fluorescence system for chemical and phase microanalysis of materials has been developed and tested. Preliminary work with this system has indicated X-ray fluorescence detection limits on the order of 40 picograms for heavier elements such as gold when using a 100 micron collimator, 400 second counting time and a silver anode operating at 12 Kw. Phase identification by X- ray diffraction can be obtained from the same spot. A proposed design for an improved system providing greater elemental sensitivities and capable of semi-automated operation has been completed.
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Sun, Tianxi, Meirong Zhang, Xunliang Ding, Zhiguo Liu, Xiaoyan Lin, and Hui Liu. "Characterization of polycapillary X-ray lens for application in confocal three-dimensional energy-dispersive micro X-ray diffraction experiments." Journal of Applied Crystallography 40, no. 6 (November 10, 2007): 1169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889807048285.

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A confocal technology based on polycapillary X-ray optics is proposed to perform three-dimensional energy-dispersive micro X-ray diffraction. A three-dimensional energy-dispersive micro X-ray diffractometer based on a polycapillary focusing X-ray lens (PFXRL) in the excitation channel and a polycapillary parallel X-ray lens (PPXRL) in the detection channel has been designed. At 2\theta = 90^ \circ, the lateral resolution l_X \times l_Y of this diffractometer is 49.7 \times 49.9 \rm \micro m at 7.5 keV, and its depth resolution d_Z is 48.1 \rm \micro m at 8.0 keV. The total resolution of this diffractometer in \Delta d/d is 6.5% at 6.4 keV and 2\theta = 140.2^ \circ.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "X-Ray Micro-diffraction"

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Hofmann, Felix. "Probing the deformation of ductile polycrystals by synchrotron X-ray micro-diffraction." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4a5db5b9-1673-40bf-a25f-2e09a572a108.

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Microscopic beams of penetrating synchrotron radiation provide a unique tool for the analysis of material structure and deformation. This thesis describes my contributions to the development of new synchrotron X-ray micro-beam diffraction experimental techniques and data interpretation, and the use of experimental results for the validation of material deformation models. To study deeply buried material volumes in thick samples, the micro-beam Laue technique was extended to higher photon energies. Through-thickness resolution was achieved either by a wire scanning approach similar to Differential Aperture X-ray Microscopy (DAXM), or by applying tomographic reconstruction principles to grain-specific Laue pattern intensity. Both techniques gave promising first results. For reliable micro-beam Laue diffraction measurements of elastic strains in individual grains of a polycrystal, understanding of the error sources is vital. A novel simulation-based error analysis framework allowed the assessment of individual contributions to the total measurement error. This provides a rational basis for the further improvement of experimental setups. For direct comparison of experimental measurements and dislocation dynamics simulations, diffraction post-processing of dislocation models in two and three dimensions was developed. Simulated diffraction patterns of two-dimensional dislocation cell/wall type structures captured correctly some of the features observed experimentally in reciprocal space maps of a large-grained, lightly deformed aluminium alloy sample. Crystal lattice rotations computed from three-dimensional dislocation dynamics simulations of a Frank-Read source showed anisotropic orientation spread similar to that observed in micro-beam Laue experiments. For the experimental study of crystal lattice distortion, a novel technique was proposed that combines micro-beam Laue diffraction with scanning white-beam topography. Diffraction topography allows the study of lattice rotation at scales smaller than the scanning beam size. The new technique makes it possible to apply classical topography methods to deformed samples.
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Bellec, Ewen. "Study of charge density wave materials under current by X-ray diffraction." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS437/document.

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Ce manuscrit a pour sujet principal la diffraction par rayons X des matériaux ondes de densité de charges (ODC). Nous avons étudié le cristal quasi-1D NbSe3 ainsi que le quasi-2D TbTe3. Plusieurs grands instruments ont été utilisés pour cette étude, le synchrotron ESRF de Grenoble sur la ligne ID01 ainsi que le laser à électron libre LCLS à Stanford. Premièrement, grâce à la cohérence du faisceau X à LCLS, nous avons pu observer une perte de cohérence transverse dans NbSe3 lors de l’application d’un courant électrique au-dessus d’un certain seuil ainsi qu’une compression longitudinale de l’ODC. Ensuite, à l’ESRF, nous avons utilisé un faisceau X focalisé au micromètre par une Fresnel zone plate pour scanner l’ODC localement par diffraction sur NbSe3 puis ensuite sur TbTe3. Lorsqu’un courant est appliqué sur l’échantillon, nous avons observé une déformation transverse indiquant que l’ODC est bloquée au niveau de la surface de l’échantillon dans NbSe3. Dans le cas de TbTe3, l’ODC tourne sous courant présentant un cycle d’hystérésis lorsque le courant passe continument de positif à négatif. Nous avons aussi pu constater dans plusieurs régions, toujours pour TbTe3, la création de défauts d’irradiation localisés induisant une compression-dilatation de l’ODC. Dans une dernière partie théorique, nous montrons comment la théorie du transport électrique de l’ODC par un train de solitons portants chacun une charge ainsi que la prise en compte du blocage de l’ODC sur la surface de l’échantillon que nous avons vu expérimentalement permet de comprendre plusieurs mesures de résistivité en fonction des dimensions de l’échantillon trouvées dans la littérature. Nous présentons ensuite plusieurs idées pour expliquer du blocage de l’ODC sur les surfaces au niveau microscopique et proposons l’hypothèse d’une ODC commensurable en surface (et incommensurable dans le volume)
The main subject of this manuscript is the X-ray diffraction of charge density wave (CDW) materials. We studied the quasi-1D NbSe3 crystal and the quasi-2D TbTe3. Several large instruments facilities were used for this study, the ESRF synchrotron in Grenoble on the ID01 line and the LCLS free electron laser in Stanford. First, thanks to the coherence of the X-beam at LCLS, we were able to observe a loss of transverse coherence in NbSe3 when applying an electrical current above a certain threshold as well as a longitudinal compression of the CDW. Then, at the ESRF, we used an X-ray beam focused on the micrometer scale by a Fresnel zone plate to scan the CDW locally by diffraction on NbSe3 and on TbTe3. When a current is applied to the sample, we observed a transverse deformation indicating that the CDW is pinned on the sample surface in NbSe3. In the case of TbTe3, the CDW rotates under current showing a hysteresis cycle when one is continuously changing from positive to negative current. We have also observed in several regions, in TbTe3, the creation of localized irradiation defects inducing a compression-dilation of the CDW. In a last theoretical part, we show how the theory of electric transport in the CDW state by a train of charged solitons, as well as taking into account the CDW pinning on the surface of the sample that we have seen experimentally, allows us to understand several resistivity measurements, found in the literature, made on samples with different dimensions. Finally, we present several ideas for an explanation of the CDW pinning at the surfaces on a microscopic level and propose the hypothesis of a commensurate CDW on the surface (and incommensurate in volume)
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Ibrahim, Marcelle. "Étude du comportement mécanique d’UO2 implanté en helium par micro-diffraction des rayons X et modélisation par éléments finis." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1140/document.

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Dans le but d'étudier le comportement mécanique du combustible nucléaire dans un scénario de stockage direct à long terme, des polycristaux d'UO2 sont implantés en ions Hélium dans une fine couche surfacique (environ 1 µm), induisant des déformations. Ces déformations sont mesurées, à l'échelle des grains, par micro-diffraction des rayons X, en utilisant un rayonnement synchrotron (ESRF). Des méthodes d'analyse d'images sont développées pour traiter automatiquement le grand nombre de clichés de diffraction. Le développement d'outils statistiques permet de détecter des clichés problématiques et d'améliorer la précision de l'analyse. Pour des faibles profondeurs d'implantation, l'interaction mécanique entre les grains peut être négligée. Les résultats expérimentaux peuvent être approchés par un modèle mécanique simple. À plus grandes profondeurs, les résultats expérimentaux montrent une plus grande interaction mécanique aux joints de grain qui peut être modélisée par éléments finis. Des outils de géostatistique ont été utilisés pour quantifier ces interactions. Le gonflement et les constantes élastiques de la couche implantée peuvent être ajustés à travers les déformations mesurées sur un grand nombre de grains d'orientations différentes. Ces études permettent de déterminer le gonflement du combustible nucléaire en conditions d'irradiation, ainsi que les modifications de ses propriétés élastiques
In order to study the mechanical behavior of nuclear fuel during direct long term storage, UO2 polycrystals were implanted with Helium ions at a thin surface layer (1 µm approximately), which leads to stress and strain fields in the layer. Strains were measured, at the grains scale, by X-ray micro-diffraction, using synchrotron radiation (ESRF). Image analysis methods were developed for an automatic analysis of the large number of diffraction patterns. Applying statistical tools to Laue patterns allows an automatic detection of low quality images, and enhances the measurement precision. At low layer thickness, the mechanical interaction between grains can be neglected. At higher thickness, experimental results showed a higher mechanical interaction near grain boundaries that can be modeled using finite elements method. Geostatistical tools were used to quantify these interactions. The swelling and the elastic constants in the implanted layer can be estimated through the measured strains on a large number of grains with different orientations. This work allows the determination of the swelling of nuclear fuel in irradiation conditions, as well as the modification of its elastic properties
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Fernàndez, Banqué Ferran. "New micro pattern gas detector for x-ray diffraction experiments in the sub-millisecond time scale." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3387.

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En instal·lacions de radiació sincrotró, es necessiten detectors amb una bona resolució espacial i un alt ritme de contes local per tal de dur a terme experiments de difracció de raigs x en l'escala temporal del mil·lisegon. Els detectors de gas de micro-fabricació (MPGD) poden satisfer aquests requeriments gràcies a l'alta densitat d'elèctrodes que presenten. No obstant aquest tipus de detectors presenten dos grans problemes: descàrregues elèctriques destructives i un deteriorament continu durant el seu us continuat.
En aquest treball presentem una nova estructura de MPGD: el Micro Reading Mesh Chamber (MRMC). És un MPGD amb un estadi d'amplificació. El detector està dividit en dues regions: la regió de deriva i la regió de multiplicació. Aquestes estan separades per una malla formada per elèctrodes de lectura. El pla de l'ànode té una capa de material resistiu a la seva superfície.
El disseny del MRMC redueix els problemes que els actuals MPGD presenten. Entre d'altres avantatges, el posicionament dels elèctrodes de lectura a la malla incrementa la sensibilitat dels càtodes a la senyal. Això permet una reducció de la intensitat del camp elèctric de multiplicació. En conseqüència, la càrrega del detector i la probabilitat de descàrregues destructives es redueix.
S'han realitzat diverses simulacions per tal d'avaluar i optimitzar el rendiment del detector. Degut al gran nombre de paràmetres que poden ser escollits i del gran nombre de característiques que en depenen, s'ha realitzat un treball de simulació i optimització global. En primer lloc, s'ha dissenyat un programa basat en tècniques Monte-Carlo per tal de simular el procés de detecció i poder així avaluar la resolució espacial en funció dels diferents paràmetres del detector. En segon lloc, s'han realitzat una sèrie de simulacions que involucren la simulació del moviment en tres dimensions de les càrregues i la seva multiplicació dins l'estructura de detecció. Aquests estudis inclouen la estimació de la transparència de la malla, l'estudi de les línies i els temps de deriva dels ions, i la simulació del procés d'allau. Part d'aquestes simulacions han estat verificades experimentalment. Finalment, les capacitancies entre els elèctrodes i l'ànode i entre elèctrodes s'ha simulat per tal d'avaluar el soroll electrònic i els efectes de "crosstalk".
S'ha construït i provat un prototip. Els tests realitzats mostren una bona concordança amb les simulacions del guany. Així doncs, queda demostrat que el MRMC pot arribar a ritmes de contatge local >1.25·105Hz/mm2. No obstant, s'observen guspires en el detector degut a la presència de material dielèctric a la superfície dels càtodes. Degut a la superfície resistiva i la robustesa de l'estructura, el detector ha resistit les descàrregues sense rebre ningun dany. En conseqüència, per tal de que el MRMC esdevingui un detector útil, s'han de millorar tant el procediment de construcció, com les tècniques de neteja.
En conclusió, es necessita més treball experimental per tal d'obtenir un detector lliure de descàrregues completament funcional pel qual les simulacions prediuen un alt ritme de comptes local (>1.25·105Hz/mm2) i una bona resolució espacial (>250?m).
At synchrotron radiation facilities, detectors with high spatial resolution and high local count rate are needed in order to perform x-ray diffraction/scattering on time resolved experiments on the sub-millisecond time scale. Micro Pattern Gas Detectors (MPGD) could provide good spatial resolutions and high count rate thanks to their small cells of amplification region. Despite their promising performance, two major problems have arisen: rare but damaging discharges and, slow but continuous deterioration (aging) during sustained irradiation
Here we present a new MPGD structure: the Micro Reading Mesh Chamber (MRMC). It is a one stage amplification MPGD. It is divided in two regions: the drift/conversion region and the multiplication region. They are separated by a mesh formed by thick (25?m) pick-up strips. The anode plane has a resistive layer on it.
The design of the MRMC reduces the problems that the present MPGD show. Among other advantages, placing the pick-up strips at the mesh, instead of at another readout plane, increases the signal sensitivity of the cathodes. It allows a decrease of the gain through a reduction of the multiplication field. Therefore, it reduces the charging up and the probability of voltage and rate-induced dielectric breakdown.
Different simulations have been carried out to evaluate and optimize the performance of the detector. Due to the large number of detector parameters that can be chosen, and the features that depend on them, a global simulation was done. Firstly, a Monte-Carlo based program that reproduces the detection in the chamber has been developed in order to simulate the spatial resolution as a function of different parameters of the detector. Secondly, a set of studies that involve the simulation of the three dimensional movement of the charges in the chamber and its multiplication have been carried out. These models include the estimation of the mesh transparency, the study of the ion drift paths and times, and the simulation of the avalanche process. Part of these simulations has been cross-checked experimentally. Finally, the capacitances between the strips and the anode, and between strips has been simulated in order to evaluate the electronic noise and the crosstalk effects.
After the simulation work, a prototype was built and tested. The tests show good agreement between the simulated and the experimental gain. This agreement on the space charge calculations demonstrates that the MRMC can deliver local count rates >1.25·105Hz/mm2. Moreover, due to the resistive layer and the strength of the structure, the detector survived without noticeable damage. However, the detector suffers from discharges because of dielectric deposits on the cathode surface. Therefore, to turn this device into a detector for routine use, it will be necessary to both improve the construction process of the mesh structure and to develop an exhaustive cleaning procedure.
In conclusion, more experimental work is necessary to obtain a spark protected functional detector for which the simulations predict a high local count rate (>1.25·105Hz/mm2) and a good spatial resolution).
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Larsson, Cecilia. "Determination of residual stresses and mechanical properties using neutron, X-ray diffraction, micro- and nanoindentation techniques /." Linköping : Univ, 2003. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2003/tek856s.pdf.

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Vaxelaire, Nicolas. "Etude des Inhomogénéités de Déformation dans les Films Minces Polycristallins par Diffraction X Cohérente." Phd thesis, Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00622848.

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Les comportements mécaniques des films minces polycristallins sont encore mal compris à l'échelle sub-micronique. En particulier des hétérogénéités locales de déformation importantes sont attendues, mais elles restent difficile à quantifier expérimentalement. Les nouvelles possibilités offertes par les micro-faisceaux synchrotron de rayons X ont donc été utilisées dans ce travail pour éclairer cette problèmatique. Une réflexion de Bragg provenant d'un grain unique sub-micronique a été acquise avec une très bonne résolution dans l'espace réciproque en trois dimensions lors d'un cycle thermique. Les propriétés de cohérence du faisceau ont été utilisées pour reconstruire à trois dimensions une composante du champ de déplacement intra-grain avec une résolution d'une vingtaine de nanomètres dans les trois directions. Cette technique est basée sur des algorithmes de reconstruction de phase qui néanmoins connaissent des stagnations dans le cas des échantillons fortement déformés. Une méthodologie basée sur la connaissance de la forme du grain a donc été développée pour contourner ces difficultés. Des analyses complémentaires de diffraction X de laboratoire et de microdiffraction monochromatique ont également mis en évidence des hétérogénéités importantes de déformation entre les différents grains.
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Bernhardt, Marten Verfasser], Tim [Akademischer Betreuer] [Salditt, Florian [Gutachter] Rehfeldt, and Andreas [Gutachter] Janshoff. "X-Ray Micro- and Nano-Diffraction Imaging on Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Differentiated Cells / Marten Bernhardt ; Gutachter: Florian Rehfeldt, Andreas Janshoff ; Betreuer: Tim Salditt." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1135487723/34.

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Channagiri, Samartha A. "Multiscale characterization of aging mechanisms in commercial LiFePO4 battery cathodes." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1468233768.

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Galitz, Christopher Lee. "The Effects of Early-Age Stress on the Elastic and Viscoelastic Behavior of Cement Paste." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56988.

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The viscoelastic behavior of concrete, nearly completely attributable to changes in properties in the cement paste, is an ongoing area of research with the objective of avoiding unpredictable response and potentially failure of concrete structures. This research explores the elastic and viscoelastic response in cement paste beams using relaxation testing, with and without strain reversals in the load history. It was seen that strain reversal imparts significant changes in mechanical response, retarding load relaxation. Companion beams were tested for chemical composition at varying depths in the beam section and the results were compared to those of control specimens not subject to stress. Results indicate significant variations in composition implying that stress accelerates the hydration process. The reasons behind the acceleration are discussed and incorporated into a preliminary solidification-dissolution model for beam relaxation. The model, though in need of improvement through further research, shows promise in potentially predicting relaxation in cement paste and by extension, in concrete structures.
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Sabatier, Laura. "Étude des conséquences de traitements physiques sur le cheveu, de l’échelle moléculaire à celle de la fibre." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS076.

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Les traitements thermomécaniques permettent une mise en forme temporaire et aisée de la chevelure, propriétés recherchées par les utilisateurs. Cependant, les effets obtenus ne sont pas toujours à la hauteur des attentes, notamment en raison d’une mauvaise tenue de la forme dans le temps et de possibles endommagements de la chevelure. Dans le but d’améliorer les appareils de coiffage existants, nous souhaitons comprendre les effets de ces traitements sur le cheveu, pour ensuite déterminer les conditions permettant d’atteindre la meilleure rémanence de la forme tout en minimisant la dégradation du cheveu. Pour ce faire, nous nous appuyons sur des expériences de traction, microdiffraction X et spectroscopie infrarouge. Tout d’abord, nous avons étudié l’organisation structurale de cheveux naturels. Nous avons mis en évidence une distribution de structure cœur – peau avec un cœur de structure régulière d’autant plus excentré que la courbure est marquée. Ensuite, nous avons dégagé les principaux paramètres sur. lesquels jouer lors de la mise en forme: température du mandrin, contrainte et durée d’application. Les effets de ces paramètres sur le comportement mécanique et la nanostructure du cheveu ont été évalués. Il ressort de notre étude que la contrainte de mise en forme est déterminante : nous avons défini la gamme de contraintes permettant de préserver la structure et les propriétés mécaniques du cheveu et celle occasionnant la dégradation du cheveu, voire une restructuration en feuillets bêta. Nous avons également évalué l’efficacité des différentes conditions de traitement à produire une forme durable dans le temps. En complément, nous nous sommes intéressés au mécanisme structural survenant lors de l’étirement de cheveux natifs ou préalablement traités, en couplant étirement continu d’un cheveu et analyse par microdiffraction X. Ainsi nous avons réussi à suivre l’évolution sous étirement d’une structure de cheveu transformée en feuillets bêta. Les résultats originaux obtenus au cours de ce travail, qui établissent un lien entre les mécanismes moléculaires et le comportement macroscopique du cheveu, permettent d’envisager le développement de nouveaux traitements thermomécaniques à l’échelle industrielle
Thermomechanical hair styling is preferred by users for easy and temporary reshaping of hair. However, the result is not always up to expectations, particularly due to poor shape stability over time and possible hair damage. In this work, we aim to improve hairstyling devices. To this end, we need to understand the effects of such treatments on hair in order to determine conditions which allow the best shape holding while minimizing hair damage. To achieve this, we use tensile testing, X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy experiments. First, we studied the structural organization of natural hair. We highlighted a “core-skin” distribution of structures with a regular core which is all the more off-centered as curvature is high. Subsequently, we identified the main parameters of thermomechanical reshaping: temperature, stress and application time. Then, we evaluated the effects of these parameters on mechanical behavior and hair nanostructure. Our study shows that applied stress is a key factor: we defined stresses range allowing preservation of hair structure and its mechanical properties and the one leading to degradation or even driving to beta-sheets transition. Efficiency of the different treatment conditions in producing long-lasting shape over time was then evaluated. In addition, we analyzed the structural mechanisms that occur during stretching for native and pretreated hair: we used X-ray microdiffraction coupled with continuous stretching of hair. Consequently, we were able to monitor a beta sheet structure in hair during stretching. The original results obtained during this work, bridging internal molecular mechanisms and macroscopic behavior of hair, will allow to develop new thermomechanical treatments at industrial scale
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Book chapters on the topic "X-Ray Micro-diffraction"

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Brantley, William A., Masahiro Iijima, William A. T. Clark, Scott R. Schricker, John M. Nusstein, and Itaru Mizoguchi. "Micro-X-Ray Diffraction Study of New Nickel-Titanium Rotary Endodontic Instruments." In Ceramic Transactions Series, 47–54. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119190134.ch5.

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Winiarski, B., M. Benedetti, V. Fontanari, M. Allahkarami, J. C. Hanan, G. S. Schajer, and P. J. Withers. "Comparative Analysis of Shot-Peened Residual Stresses Using Micro-Hole Drilling, Micro-Slot Cutting, X-ray Diffraction Methods and Finite-Element Modelling." In Residual Stress, Thermomechanics & Infrared Imaging, Hybrid Techniques and Inverse Problems, Volume 9, 215–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21765-9_27.

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Tu, C. S., C. C. Huang, S. C. Lee, R. R. Chien, V. H. Schmidt, and J. Liang. "Phase Diagram of Proton-Conducting Ba(Zr0.8-xCexY0.2)O2.9 Ceramics by in Situ Micro-Raman Scattering and X-Ray Diffraction." In Advances in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells VI, 113–20. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470943984.ch12.

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Hfaiedh, Neïla, Manuel François, Andrzej Baczmanski, and Khémais Saanouni. "Micro-strain Measurement in Copper Sheets by X-rays Diffraction." In Particle and Continuum Aspects of Mesomechanics, 573–79. London, UK: ISTE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470610794.ch59.

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"Micro X-Ray Diffraction." In Materials Characterization, 427–39. ASM International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0006656.

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Castillo, F., N. Martínez-Villegas, M. Avalos-Borja, M. Villalobos, and H. Jamieson. "Identification of diagenetic calcium arsenates using synchrotron-based micro X-ray diffraction." In Arsenic in the Environment - Proceedings, 199–200. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b16767-76.

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Kosuge, Koji. "Non-Stoichiometric Compounds Derived From Extended Defects." In Chemistry of Non-stoichiometric Compounds. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198555551.003.0005.

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The non-stoichiometric compounds that we describe in this chapter are closely correlated with the classical non-stoichiometric compounds derived from point defects discussed in Chapter 1. For the past twenty years precise structural analyses on complex binary and ternary compounds have been carried out using X-ray and neutron diffraction techniques. Moreover, owing to the striking development of the resolving power of the electron microscope crystal structures can be seen directly as structure images. As a result, it has been shown that most complex structures can be derived by introducing extended defects regularly into a mother structure. A typical example is a ‘shear structure’, which is derived by introducing planar defects of anion rows into the mother lattice. A ‘block structure’ is derived by introducing two groups of planar defects. ‘Vernier structures’, ‘micro-twin structures’, ‘intergrowth structures’, and ‘adaptive structures’ are also described in detail in this chapter. At the beginning of 1950, Professor A. Magnéli’s group in Sweden started a systematic study of the crystal structures of the oxides of transition metal elements such as Ti, V, Mo, and W, mainly by X-ray diffraction techniques. As a result, they confirmed the existence of the homologous compounds expressed by VnO2n–1; TinO2n–1 etc. (n = 2, 3, 4, . . .) and also predicted that the crystal structure of these compounds could be derived from a mother structure, ‘rutile’. Figure 2.1 shows the X-ray powder diffraction patterns (CuKα) of compounds TiOx between Ti2O3 (x = 1.5) and TiO2 (x = 2.0).3 This clearly indicates the convergence of the diffraction patterns to that of TiO2 (rutile) with increasing x, which is why the Magnéli school predicted the mother structure to be rutile. This prediction was verified by the structure determinations of Ti5O95 and VnO2n–1.6 These compounds are called Magnéli phases after the main investigator, and similar compounds have been discovered.
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Krywka, Christina, and Martin Müller. "Micro- and Nanodiffraction." In X-Ray Diffraction, 55–87. Pan Stanford, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b15674-4.

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"Analysis of paint layers by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and synchrotron induced x-ray micro-diffraction." In Cultural Heritage Conservation and Environmental Impact Assessment by Non-Destructive Testing and Micro-Analysis, 179–90. CRC Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482283983-21.

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Lucian Toma, Stefan, Radu Armand Haraga, Daniela Lucia Chicet, Viorel Paleu, and Costica Bejinariu. "Hard Alloys with High Content of WC and TiC—Deposited by Arc Spraying Process." In Welding - Modern Topics [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94605.

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Obtained by different spraying technologies: in atmospheric plasma spray, High Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) or laser cladding, the layers of hard alloys with a high content of WC and TiC find their industrial applications due to their high hardness and resistance to wear. Recognized as being a process associated with welding, the arc spraying process is a method applied industrially both in obtaining new surfaces and for reconditioning worn ones. This chapter presents the technology for obtaining ultra-hard layers based on WC and TiC - by the arc spraying process, using a classic spray device equipped with a conical nozzle system and tubular wire additional material containing ultra-hard compounds (WC, TiC). To study both the quality of deposits and the influence of thermal spray process parameters on the properties of deposits with WC and TiC content, we approached various investigative techniques, such as optical scanning microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction, and determination of adhesion, porosity, Vickers micro-hardness and wear resistance.
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Conference papers on the topic "X-Ray Micro-diffraction"

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Chang, Chang-Hwan. "Grain orientation measurement of passivated aluminum interconnects by x-ray micro diffraction." In Sixth international conference on x-ray microscopy (XRM99). AIP, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1291159.

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Wu, Lai-Chin, Jey-Jau Lee, Shih-Hung Chang, Ming-Han Lee, and Bo-Yi Liao. "Micro-crystal x-ray diffraction beamline - Advanced and non-ambient crystallography." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION – SRI2018. Author(s), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5084660.

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Okoro, Chukwudi, Lyle E. Levine, Ruqing Xu, Jonathan Z. Tischler, Wenjun Liu, Oleg Kirillov, Klaus Hummler, and Yaw S. Obeng. "X-ray micro-beam diffraction determination of full stress tensors in Cu TSVs." In 2013 IEEE 63rd Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ectc.2013.6575642.

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Chang, C. H., A. A. MacDowell, A. C. Thompson, H. A. Padmore, and J. R. Patel. "Grain orientation mapping of passivated aluminum interconnect lines by x-ray micro-diffraction." In CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY. ASCE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.56826.

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Kim, Daejong, Sanghoon Lee, and Michael D. Bryant. "Fabrication and Testing of Micro Corona Motor and Micro Gas Bearings." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-62454.

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The paper introduces fabrication processes of a micro corona motor and micro gas bearings via X-ray lithography. The micro corona motor was fabricated using a membrane-less built-on X-ray mask. The motor principle requires axially thick sharp stator electrodes. Therefore, X-ray lithography was adopted for precise, high aspect ratio characteristics. To minimize diffraction, a built-on X-ray mask (conformal mask) technique was employed with negative toned SU-8 photo resist. This technique may be suitable for fast fabrication of prototypes or very tall structures, which can be largely affected by printing gaps. Micro gas bearings were fabricated as a viable bearing system for the micro corona motor. Timembrane mask was fabricated to meet the strict performance requirements and geometric constraints of the micro gas bearing. Test results of the micro gas bearings and micro corona motor are also presented.
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Li, Yaozhu, Phil J. A. McCausland, Phil J. A. McCausland, Roberta L. Flemming, and Roberta L. Flemming. "COMPARATIVE MICRO-X-RAY DIFFRACTION STUDY OF SHOCK METAMORPHOSED OLIVINE AND PYROXENE IN UREILITE METEORITES." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-333895.

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Crasta, Vincent, V. Ravindrachary, R. F. Bhajantri, S. Naveen, M. A. Shridar, and J. Shashidhara Prasad. "Single crystal x-ray diffraction: optical and micro hardness studies on chalcone derivative single crystal." In Optics & Photonics 2005, edited by Manfred Eich. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.616842.

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"Plastic Deformation of InSb Micro-Pillars: A Comparative Study Between Spatially Resolved Laue and Monochromatic X-Ray Micro-Diffraction Maps." In Residual Stresses 2018. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781945291890-4.

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Leung, Nathanael. "3D multi-modal imaging of demineralised dentine using combinedscanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM-CT) and micro-X-ray diffraction (µ-XRD-CT) tomography techniques." In Microscience Microscopy Congress 2021 incorporating EMAG 2021. Royal Microscopical Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22443/rms.mmc2021.268.

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Shin, Sangmin, Hee Han, Yong Jun Park, Jae-Young Choi, Youngsoo Park, and Sunggi Baik. "Characterization of 3D Trench PZT Capacitors for High Density FRAM Devices by Synchrotron X-ray Micro-diffraction." In SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION: Ninth International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2436361.

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Reports on the topic "X-Ray Micro-diffraction"

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Aarle, Wim van, and Wolfgang Ludwig. X-Ray Diffraction Contrast Tomography in micro-CT Lab Source Systems. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada604806.

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MacDowell, A. A., H. A. Padmore, A. C. Thompson, C. H. Chang, and J. R. Patel. Grain orientation mapping of passivated aluminum interconnect wires with X-ray micro-diffraction. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/677095.

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Baral, Aniruddha, Jeffery Roesler, and Junryu Fu. Early-age Properties of High-volume Fly Ash Concrete Mixes for Pavement: Volume 2. Illinois Center for Transportation, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-031.

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High-volume fly ash concrete (HVFAC) is more cost-efficient, sustainable, and durable than conventional concrete. This report presents a state-of-the-art review of HVFAC properties and different fly ash characterization methods. The main challenges identified for HVFAC for pavements are its early-age properties such as air entrainment, setting time, and strength gain, which are the focus of this research. Five fly ash sources in Illinois have been repeatedly characterized through x-ray diffraction, x-ray fluorescence, and laser diffraction over time. The fly ash oxide compositions from the same source but different quarterly samples were overall consistent with most variations observed in SO3 and MgO content. The minerals present in various fly ash sources were similar over multiple quarters, with the mineral content varying. The types of carbon present in the fly ash were also characterized through x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, loss on ignition, and foam index tests. A new computer vision–based digital foam index test was developed to automatically capture and quantify a video of the foam layer for better operator and laboratory reliability. The heat of hydration and setting times of HVFAC mixes for different cement and fly ash sources as well as chemical admixtures were investigated using an isothermal calorimeter. Class C HVFAC mixes had a higher sulfate imbalance than Class F mixes. The addition of chemical admixtures (both PCE- and lignosulfonate-based) delayed the hydration, with the delay higher for the PCE-based admixture. Both micro- and nano-limestone replacement were successful in accelerating the setting times, with nano-limestone being more effective than micro-limestone. A field test section constructed of HVFAC showed the feasibility and importance of using the noncontact ultrasound device to measure the final setting time as well as determine the saw-cutting time. Moreover, field implementation of the maturity method based on wireless thermal sensors demonstrated its viability for early opening strength, and only a few sensors with pavement depth are needed to estimate the field maturity.
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