Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / X-Ray powder Diffraction (XRD)

Contents

Journal articles
Dissertations / Theses
Books
Book chapters
Conference papers
Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'X-Ray powder Diffraction (XRD)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'X-Ray powder Diffraction (XRD).'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "X-Ray powder Diffraction (XRD)"

1

Kerner, Jonathan A., Edward D. Franco, and John Marshall. "Combined XRD and XRF Analysis for Portable and Remote Applications." Advances in X-ray Analysis 38 (1994): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s037603080001795x.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract A prototype instrument, which provides x-ray powder diffraction and x-ray fluorescence analysis in a compact unit, has been developed to support the needs of NASA for planetary exploration. The instrument uses a 9-watt Fe-anodc x-ray tube and CCD in a fixed geometry for recording powder patterns with a 2θ range of 35°. The fluorescence spectrum for elements below Fe is collected simultaneously with the diffraction data. A shuttered Cd-109 isotopic source with emissions at 22 and 80 keV is used to excite higher energy fluorescence. The low-energy limit for discriminating single photon events was found to be ∼1.5 keV. Al-K could be distinguished from a pure sample, but the spectrum below 6 keV was degraded by the read noise of the CCD, which introduced spectral artifacts. Diffraction peaks from halite had a FWHM of ∼1°(2θ), with major contributions to the width from the use of slit collimation on the source and the low tilt angle of the sample.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Koster, Herman. "X-ray powder diffraction data for In3.85Zr2.80Sn0.35O12." Powder Diffraction 18, no. 1 (March 2003): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/1.1446862.

Full text

Abstract:

X-ray powder diffraction data for In3.85Zr2.80Sn0.35O12 are reported. The powders were prepared using a wet-chemical precipitation method. The XRD data could be fitted with a rhombohedral unit cell in space group R3 (No. 148). The Rietveld refined unit cell parameters are a=0.951 49(2) nm and c=0.889 51(2)nm in a hexagonal setting with Z=3 and Dx=6.69(1)g/cm3.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Rodriguez, Mark A., James J. M. Griego, Harlan J. Brown-Shaklee, Mia A. Blea-Kirby, John F. Ihlefeld, and Erik D. Spoerke. "X-ray powder diffraction study of La2LiTaO6." Powder Diffraction 30, no. 1 (November 21, 2014): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715614001183.

Full text

Abstract:

The structure of La2LiTaO6 has been derived from the powder X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) data. La2LiTaO6 is monoclinic with unit-cell parameters a = 5.621(1) Å, b = 5.776(1) Å, c = 7.954(2) Å, β = 90.34(2)°, space group P21/n (14), and Z = 2. The structure of La2LiTaO6 is an ordered perovskite with alternating Li and Ta octahedra. A new set of powder XRD data (d-spacing and intensity listing) has been generated to replace entry 00-039-0897 within the Powder Diffraction File. The newly elucidated structural data for La2LiTaO6 shall facilitate quantitative analysis of this impurity phase which is often observed during synthesis of the fast-ion conductor phase Li5La3Ta2O12.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Patel, Ishverbhai, and Sneha Solanki. "XRD Studies of Synthesized Bi2S3Crystalline Materials." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314094911.

Full text

Abstract:

Bismuth sulfide preparation and its x-ray diffraction studies are reported in this paper. The author have synthesized Bi2Sx (x = 3.15, 3.45) compound material with different sulfur content by conventional high temperature solid state solvothermal reaction of bismuth and sulfur which conforms that the (121) preferred orientation with crystallite size ~30 nm and splitting of peaks due to orthorhombic structure matches well with the standard data and demonstrate good crystalline quality and structural homogeneity of synthesized powder.This paper also describes the synthesis and x-ray diffraction studies of bismuth sulfide powder via versatile precipitation technique . Bismuth sulfide powder was synthesized using thiourea and sodium dodecyl sulfate or in absence of any surfactant maintained at 800C for 12 h keeping pH of solution constant at 1.4. Synthesized powder was characterized by x-ray diffraction technique which indicates that surfactants play major role in synthesis of bismuth sulfide that conforms the crystallite size ~35 nm. The employed solid state solvothermal technique played an important role to progress the homogeneous reaction and preparation of pure and fine bismuth sulfide powder. The possible application of this material in photovoltaic devices is suggested.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Tayebifard, S. A., K. Ahmadi, R. Yazdani-Rad, and M. Doroudian. "New X-ray powder diffraction data for Mo2.85Al1.91Si4.81." Powder Diffraction 21, no. 3 (September 2006): 238–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/1.2244544.

Full text

Abstract:

X-ray powder diffraction data for Mo2.85Al1.91Si4.81 are reported. The new Mo2.85Al1.91Si4.81 compound was successfully prepared using the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) technique. The starting atomic mixture of reactant powders was Mo+2(1−x)Si+2xAl with x=0.3. The final powder compound obtained by the SHS technique was determined to be Mo2.85Al1.91Si4.81 by ICP-AES. X-ray powder diffraction pattern of Mo2.85Al1.91Si4.81 was recorded using an X-ray powder diffractometer, Cu Kα radiation, and analyzed by automatic indexing programs. Mo2.85Al1.91Si4.81 was found to be hexagonal with a=4.6929(2) Å and c=6.5515(4) Å. The XRD results are in good agreement with those of Mo2.85Ga2Si4.15.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Li, Degui, Ming Qin, Liuqing Liang, Zhao Lu, Shuhui Liu, Caimin Huang, Bing He, and Lingmin Zeng. "The X-ray powder diffraction data for CeCo3Ni2." Powder Diffraction 29, no. 3 (May 28, 2014): 298–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715614000463.

Full text

Abstract:

The CeCo3Ni2 compound was synthesized by arc melting under argon atmosphere. High-quality powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) data of CeCo3Ni2 have been collected using a Rigaku SmartLab X-ray powder diffractometer. The refinement of the XRD pattern for the CeCo3Ni2 compound shows that the CeCo3Ni2 is a hexagonal structure, space group P6/mmm (No.191) with a = b = 4.9081(2) Å, c = 4.0034(2) Å, V = 83.52 Å3, Z = 1, and ρx = 8.6347 g cm−3. The Smith–Snyder FOM F30 = 112.7(0.0089, 30) and the intensity ratio RIR = 0.48.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Yamanoi, Toyoko, and Hiromoto Nakazawa. "Parallel-beam X-ray diffractometry using X-ray guide tubes." Journal of Applied Crystallography 33, no. 2 (April 1, 2000): 389–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889899015344.

Full text

Abstract:

A parallel-beam X-ray diffraction geometry using X-ray guide tubes is proposed to eliminate preferred-orientation effects in powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and for new applications of XRD. A bundle of X-ray guide tubes (polycapillaries) is used to provide an intense quasi-parallel (approximately 0.2° divergence) and large-diameter (approximately 20 mm) beam of X-rays needed for parallel-beam diffractometry. Mica and silicon particles were agitated inside a cylindrical chamber by a steady flow of N2gas so that they were randomly oriented. The quasi-parallel incident X-ray beam passed through the cloud of floating particles. The diffracted X-rays were detected using a standard 2θ diffractometer. The integrated intensities observed agree well with those calculated from the known model of the crystal structure. This result demonstrates that this type of diffractometry is capable of avoiding preferred-orientation effects and of collecting XRD data for moving powder samples.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Alizadeh, M., K. Ahmadi, and A. Maghsoudipour. "Powder diffraction data for new bismuth yttrium ytterbium oxides by XRD." Powder Diffraction 24, no. 1 (March 2009): 53–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/1.3076129.

Full text

Abstract:

X-ray powder diffraction data for three new bismuth yttrium ytterbium oxide compounds synthesized by solid-state reaction method are reported. The unit-cell dimensions were determined from X-ray diffraction method using Cu Kα radiation and evaluated by indexing programs. The cubic δ-Bi2O3 phase was identified to be the sole crystalline phase in Bi0.82Y0.09Yb0.09O1.5, Bi0.82Y0.12Yb0.06O1.5, and Bi0.82Y0.06Yb0.12O1.5 with lattice constants of a=5.5110(3), 5.5154(2), and 5.5113(2) Å, respectively.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

He, Bob. "Algorithms for Two-dimensional XRD Data Evaluation." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s205327331408869x.

Full text

Abstract:

The diffracted x-rays from a polycrystalline (powder) sample form a series diffraction cones in space since large numbers of crystals oriented randomly in the space are covered by the incident x-ray beam. Each diffraction cone corresponds to the diffraction from the same family of crystalline planes in all the participating grains. When a two-dimensional (2D) detector is used for x-ray powder diffraction, the diffraction cones are intercepted by the 2D detector and the x-ray intensity distribution on the sensing area is converted to an image-like diffraction pattern. The 2D pattern contains the scattering intensity distribution as a function of two orthogonal angles. One is the Bragg angle 2θ and the other is the azimuthal angle about the incident x-ray beam, denoted by γ. A 2D diffraction pattern can be analyzed directly or by data reduction to the intensity distribution along γ or 2θ. The γ-integration can reduce the 2D pattern into a diffraction profile analogs to the conventional diffraction pattern which is the diffraction intensity distribution as a function of 2θ angles. This kind of diffraction pattern can be evaluated by most exiting software and algorithms for conventional applications, such as, phase identification, structure refinement and 2θ-profile analysis. However, the materials structure information associated to the intensity distribution along γ direction is lost through γ-integration. The intensity distribution and 2θ variations along γ contain more information, such as the orientation distribution, strain states, crystallite size and shape distribution. In order to understand and analyze 2D diffraction data, new approaches and algorithms are necessary. The diffraction vector approach has been approved to be the genuine theory in 2D data analysis. The unit diffraction vector used for 2D analysis is a function of both 2θ and γ. The unit diffraction vector for all the pixels in the 2D pattern measured in the laboratory coordinates can be transformed to the sample coordinates. The vector components can then be used to derive fundamental equations for many applications, including stress, texture, crystal orientation and crystal size evaluation by γ-profile analysis. The unit diffraction vector is also used in polarization and absorption correction.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Bish, David. "The First X-ray Powder Diffraction Measurements on Mars." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314099951.

Full text

Abstract:

The CheMin instrument on the Curiosity rover measures XRD and XRF data using Co radiation in transmission geometry. It has analyzed <150 μm portions of eolian soil (Rocknest) and two drill-hole powders (John Klein and Cumberland) from a mudstone [1, 2, Figure 1]. XRD data for Rocknest soil revealed plagioclase, forsteritic olivine, augite, and pigeonite. John Klein and Cumberland are similar, with much less Fe-forsterite and more magnetite than Rocknest. Data were analyzed via Rietveld methods (Topas), and profiles were modeled using beryl-quartz data measured on Mars. CheMin's broad profiles limited analysis of minor phases (<3 wt. %), although the presence of minor phases was evaluated individually for every sample by including each in the Rietveld model and evaluating their effect on the fit. We found no evidence for any perchlorate, carbonate, or sulfate mineral (apart from anhydrite, and bassanite in the mudstones). No phyllosilicate was detected in the soil, but mudstone samples contained two different phyllosilicates, likely trioctahedral smectites. The John Klein XRD pattern had a broad ~10Å peak, whereas Cumberland showed broad peaks at ~13.2Å and ~10Å. The background in all XRD patterns suggested the presence of amorphous/poorly ordered components, which were analyzed using FULLPAT, giving ~27% amorphous content in Rocknest and ~20% in the mudstones. This mineralogy is very similar to that found in soils on the flanks of Mauna Kea volcano, Hawaii. Mineralogy differences between the Rocknest material and the mudstones may be explained by alteration of Fe-forsterite to smectite + magnetite. Combining these results with compositional estimates from unit-cell parameters and bulk chemistry will allow determinations of individual phase compositions, including that of the amorphous component(s). The exact nature of the amorphous component is unclear, but other data show that it is hydrous.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "X-Ray powder Diffraction (XRD)"

1

Hinrichsen, Bernd. "Two-dimensional X-ray powder diffraction." [S.l. : s.n.], 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:93-opus-33946.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Hamman, David. "A holistic view on the impact of gold and uranium mining on the Wonderfonteinspruit / David Hamman." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8155.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Barnett, Stephanie Jayne. "X-ray powder diffraction studies of ettringite and related systems." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244708.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Tremayne, Maryjane. "Ab initio structure determination from X-ray powder diffraction data." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6503.

Full text

Abstract:

Many important crystalline solids cannot be prepared in the form of single crystals of sufficient size and quality for single crystal X-ray diffraction studies, and in such cases it is essential that structural information can be extracted from powder diffraction data. In this thesis, a number of crystal structures have been determined directly from X-ray powder diffraction data recorded on a conventional laboratory instrument, and the limitations of this technique explored using both conventional and new more sophisticated methods of structure solution. This work has focussed mainly on the more complex problem of molecular systems. The Patterson method has been applied to the determination of a simple unknown inorganic structure, lithium perchlorate, whereas conventional direct methods have been used in the determination of a number of organic structures, including the previously unknown crystal structure of 1,3,4,6-tetrathiopentalene-2,5-dione and formylurea - the first previously unknown organic structure containing only light atoms to be solved by this technique. The combined maximum entropy and likelihood method has been applied to determinate two crystal structures, lithium triflate and p-toluenesulphonhydrazide. Further developments of this technique are also discussed and illustrated in the structure solution of a previously known system. A Monte Carlo algorithm for ab initio crystal structure determination from powder diffraction data has also been developed, and the success of this method demonstrated by its application to the determination of several known structures, and the previously unknown crystal structure of p-bromophenylacetic acid. The effect of data range on the quality of structure solution obtained from both direct methods and the maximum entropy and likelihood method is also discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

McBride, Lorraine. "Determination of organic crystal structures by X ray powder diffraction." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248694.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Rodriguez, Asiloe Jasmina Mora. "High resolution powder diffraction studies of molecular solids." Thesis, Keele University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321299.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Genetu, Teggen Linda. "Material identification using X-ray diffraction." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för elektronikkonstruktion, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-37122.

Full text

Abstract:

This study reviews the theoretical and experimental aspects of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and evaluates its use in identifying toxic elements or compounds in waste that has been incinerated. Many industries incinerate materials that contain large significant amounts of toxic elements, and these elements should be identified and re-moved to reduce environmental pollution. The aim of this project is to identify the elemental content of an incinerated ash sample, and to recommend a proper identification method when using XRD. Here, we test two ash samples (raw ash without any treatment and ash that has been stabilized by washing) using the software DIFFRAC.EVA that is integrated into Bruker’s diffractometer D2Phaser to match different diffraction patterns to identify the contents of the ash sample. Finally concluding the results XRF is more suitable than XRD for ash surveil-lance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Bell, A. M. T. "Structural studies using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction and other techniques." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.596545.

Full text

Abstract:

Chapter 1 gives an introduction to X-ray and neutron powder diffraction and the use of these techniques for crystal structure determination and refinement. The Rietveld structure refinement method is described and examples of different methods of structure determination from powder diffraction data are given. The techniques of EXAFS and Mössbauer spectroscopy, which were used to provide additional structural information, are also introduced. Chapter 2 describes the different radiation sources and experimental techniques used in this work. Chapter 3 describes a structural study of magnetite, Fe₃O₄, below the Verwey phase transition (120 K). The P2/c structure of Fe₃O₄ at 60 K has been refined with lattice parameters of a = 5.9412(3) Å, b = 5.9290(3) Å, c = 16.789(1) Å and β = 90.196(4). A variable temperature study of the Fe₃O₄ lattice parameters between 2-280 K shows this transition is first-order. An EXAFS study between 8-270 K shows that there is no significant change in the average Fe-O distance in Fe₃O₄ around the transition. Chapter 4 describes a structural study on a material related to magnetite, Fe₂OBO₃. Two phase transitions have been found for this material. The first of these is due to magnetic ordering and takes place at 155 K. The second is due to charge ordering and takes place at 315 K, this is a structural (P2₁/c ↔ Pnma) transition. Chapter 5 describes a resonant scattering experiment done on CsI. Resonant scattering parameters have been refined from synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data collected at room temperature and at 4 K close to the Cs and I K-edges. The refined f parameters are -6.2(2) e/atom (Cs, λ = 0.3453 Å), -9.0(I) e/atom (I, λ = 0.374105 Å) and -6.2(2) e/atom (I, 4 K, λ = 0.37367 Å). Chapter 6 describes the ab initio structure determination of 4-(2'3'4'-trifluorophenyl)-1235 dithiadiazolyl (C₇S₂N₂F₃H₂; P₂/n, a = 11.543(4) Å, b = 20.666(8) Å, c = 7.045(2) Å and β = 100.35(4) using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data. A global optimisation method was used to provide a starting model for Rietveld refinement.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Day, Sarah Joanne. "Studies of cosmic dust analogues using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction." Thesis, Keele University, 2014. http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/1215/.

Full text

Abstract:

The structural evolution of cosmic dust analogues has been investigated using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction (SXPD) at the Diamond Light Source. Amorphous Mg/Ca silicates are produced as analogues of cosmic dust using a modified sol-gel method. They are studied under non-ambient temperature and pressure conditions using in situ powder diffraction, complemented by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. The solid-state mineralisation of amorphous grains is observed by thermal annealing and the results of this allow the environmental conditions leading to the formation of crystalline dust grains in astrophysical environments to be constrained. The solid-gas carbonation of amorphous Ca-rich silicates is studied using in situ SXPD and analysed using full-profile fitting techniques, while the effect of ex situ carbonation on the short range ordering of amorphous grains is investigated using high energy SXPD and Pair Distribution Function (PDF) analysis. The formation of a metastable calcium carbonate phase (vaterite) is observed and the importance of this in relation to astrophysical environments is discussed. In situ Raman and SXPD data of CO2 clathrate hydrates are presented and the importance of the Raman data obtained here with relevance to future remote sensing missions to Solar System bodies is discussed. This work indicates the importance of laboratory work to the field of astrophysics and provides novel experimental approaches to aid our understanding of astrophysical processes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Seaton, Colin Cormack. "Novel methods of structure determination from X-ray powder diffraction data." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396462.

Full text

Abstract:

The determination of crystal structures from powder diffraction data is a field that is rapidly expanding due to a range of computational and experimental developments. A major driving force of this expansion is the continuing development of direct space methods of structure solution. This work will show the development of the program POSSUM as a suite of direct space structure determination methods and its subsequent successful application to a number of molecular organic and inorganic materials whose crystal structures were previously unknown. Direct space methods utilise global optimisation algorithms to locate the crystal structure. This work describes the successful application of the differential evolution optimisation algorithm to structure determination from powder diffraction. Differential evolution is shown to be a robust and efficient optimisation technique with the limited number of control parameters associated with the method ensuring that optimisation of the searching is easily achieved. Investigation into improving the computer performance of the method also focused on reduction of the time taken to evaluate agreement between experimental and calculated patterns through the application of the discrete wavelet transform. This effectively reduces the number of points in the powder pattern, yet retains the same level of information as the original data set and is shown to illustrate good discrimination between solutions generated in a direct space structure solution.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

More sources

Books on the topic "X-Ray powder Diffraction (XRD)"

1

B, Higgins John, Treacy M. M. J, and International Zeolite Association. Structure Commission., eds. Collection of simulated XRD powder patterns for zeolites. 4th ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2001.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Treacy, M. M. J. Collection of simulated XRD powder patterns for zeolites. 3rd ed. New York: Elsevier, 1996.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Spindura, Jillian. Rapid X-ray analysis by X-ray powder diffraction. Manchester: UMIST, 1994.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Kaye, T. J. Rapid x-ray analysis by x-ray powder diffraction. Manchester: UMIST, 1993.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

1941-, Snyder R. L., ed. Introduction to X-ray powder diffractometry. New York: Wiley, 1996.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Ranford-Cartwright, J. X-ray powder diffraction studies of the Nd2CuxNi1-xO4 system. Manchester: UMIST, 1995.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Reynolds, R. C., J. R. Walker, and R. E. Ferrell, eds. Computer Applications to X-Ray Powder Diffraction Analysis of Clay Minerals. Boulder, CO: Clay Minerals Society, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1346/cms-wls-5.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Reynolds, R. C. Computer applications to X-ray powder diffraction analysis of clay minerals. Edited by Reynolds R. C, Walker J. R, and Clay Minerals Society. Boulder, Colo: Clay Minerals Society, 1993.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Ekosse, Georges-lvo E. X-ray powder diffraction patterns of clays and clay minerals in Botswana. Gaborone, Botswana: X-Ray Diffraction Unit, University of Botswana, 2005.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

European Powder Diffraction Conference (9th 2004 Prague, Czech Republic). EPDIC 9: Proceedings of the Ninth European Powder Diffraction Conference, held September 2-5, 2004, in Prague, Czech Republic. Edited by Kužel Radomir, Mittemeijer E. J, and Welzel Udo. München: Oldenbourg Verlag, 2006.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

More sources

Book chapters on the topic "X-Ray powder Diffraction (XRD)"

1

Cassetta, Alberto. "X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 1–3. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40872-4_1102-2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Artioli, Gilberto. "X-ray Diffraction (XRD)." In Encyclopedia of Geoarchaeology, 1019–25. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4409-0_29.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Ladd, Mark, and Rex Palmer. "Powder Diffraction." In Structure Determination by X-ray Crystallography, 585–634. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3954-7_12.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Iniewski, Krzysztof, and Adam Grosser. "Semiconductor Sensors for XRD Imaging." In X-Ray Diffraction Imaging, 53–82. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, 2018. | Series: Taylor and Francis series in devices, circuits, & systems: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429196492-2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Iniewski, Krzysztof, and Chris Siu. "Integrated Circuits for XRD Imaging." In X-Ray Diffraction Imaging, 83–111. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, 2018. | Series: Taylor and Francis series in devices, circuits, & systems: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429196492-3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Suryanarayana, C., and M. Grant Norton. "Quantitative Analysis of Powder Mixtures." In X-Ray Diffraction, 223–36. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0148-4_10.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Bish, D. L., and R. C. Reynolds. "4. SAMPLE PREPARATION FOR X-RAY DIFFRACTION." In Modern Powder Diffraction, edited by David L. Bish and Jeffrey E. Post, 73–100. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781501509018-007.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Whitfield, Pamela. "Laboratory X-ray Powder Diffraction." In NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B: Physics and Biophysics, 53–63. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5580-2_6.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Gozzo, Fabia. "Synchrotron X-Ray Powder Diffraction." In NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B: Physics and Biophysics, 65–82. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5580-2_7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Harris, Kenneth D. M. "Powder Diffraction Crystallography of Molecular Solids." In Advanced X-Ray Crystallography, 133–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/128_2011_251.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "X-Ray powder Diffraction (XRD)"

1

Julkapli, N. Muhd, H. Md Akil, Abarrul Ikram, Agus Purwanto, Sutiarso, Anne Zulfia, Sunit Hendrana, and Zeily Nurachman. "X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) Studies on Kenaf Dust Filled Chitosan Bio-composites." In NEUTRON AND X-RAY SCATTERING 2007: The International Conference. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2906040.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Bacci, T., U. Bardi, F. Borgioli, E. Galvanetto, F. Galliano, A. Lavacchi, and A. Scrivani. "Reactive Plasma Spray for the Deposition of Ti/TiN Coatings: A Comparative Compositional Study by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)." In ITSC 2000, edited by Christopher C. Berndt. ASM International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2000p0289.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract This paper compares two methods for determining the composition of Ti/TiN coatings deposited by reactive plasma spraying. The coatings were obtained by spraying titanium powder in a low-pressure N2/Ar atmosphere. The resulting film has a variable nitrogen content in the form of titanium nitrides, depending on gas partial pressure, total pressure, sample-source distance, and other parameters. The composition of the film was determined using X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The two techniques provide similar results and either can be used for the compositional characterization of these coatings.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Allen, Kyle M., James F. Klausner, Eric N. Coker, Nick AuYeung, and Rishi Mishra. "Synthesis and Analysis of Cobalt Ferrite in YSZ for Use as Reactive Material in Solar Thermochemical Water and Carbon Dioxide Splitting." In ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2013-18254.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper reports the synthesis, characterization and evaluation of different weight loadings of cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) in 8 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia (8YSZ) via the co-precipitation method. Prepared powders were calcined at 1350 °C for 36 hours and 1450 °C for 4 hours in air. These powders were then formed into a porous structure using sacrificial pore formation via oxidation of co-mixed graphite powder. These formed structures obtained were then characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), high temperature X-ray diffraction (HT-XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis was performed on the most promising of the structures before being subjected to 50 thermal reduction-CO2 oxidation (redox) cycles using TGA. Together, these results indicate that CoFe2O4-8YSZ can provide a lower reduction temperature, maintain syngas production performance from cycle to cycle, and enhance utilization of the reactive material within the inert support in comparison to iron oxide only structures.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Khan, Tariq S., Mohamed S. Alshehhi, and Lyes Khezzar. "Characterization of Black Powder Found in Sales Gas Pipelines." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-72255.

Full text

Abstract:

Black powder (BP) is a typical contaminant usually found in sales gas pipelines. Its presence may cause major operational and maintenance issues including blockage of sensors and filters, erosion of pipeline bends and compromise the sales gas quality. There has been little known about its composition and sources of formation in the gas pipelines. Understanding its characteristics is considered crucial for appropriate mitigation planning and execution of smooth pipelines operations. Black powder samples collected from sales gas pipelines network of a Middle Eastern gas company are analyzed using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) methods for surface analysis and phase identification of the crystalline material. These analyses revealed variation in size distribution and shape of the BP samples. Likewise, most of the BP particles were found agglomerated. EDX analysis of the sample has shown presence of iron as the most abundant element after sulfur. XRD patterns can be indexed with both iron oxides and sulfides suggesting presence of moisture and hydrogen sulfide in the gas.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Ahmadian Namini, P., A. A. Babaluo, M. Akhfash Ardestani, E. Jannatduost, and M. Peyravi. "Synthesis of α-Al2O3 Nanopowder From Ammonium Dawsonite." In 2008 Second International Conference on Integration and Commercialization of Micro and Nanosystems. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/micronano2008-70306.

Full text

Abstract:

In this research, α-Al2O3 nanopowder was successfully synthesized via a new wet chemistry (liquid phase reaction) method. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used for the characterization of the synthesized nanopowder. The FTIR and XRD results showed that α-alumina nanopowder was synthesized from ammonium dowsonite powder after the calcination at 1150 °C for 1 h. Also, SEM micrographs showed that the final nanoparticles have aggregated structures in 50–100 nm range.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Liu, Xiao Di, and Dacheng Zhang. "Properties of Nanosized Tin Oxide Thin Film Prepared by Reactive Magnetron Sputtering." In 2007 First International Conference on Integration and Commercialization of Micro and Nanosystems. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnc2007-21333.

Full text

Abstract:

Nanosized tin oxide thin films were fabricated on silicon and quartz glass substrates by direct current reactive magnetron sputtering method, and then were calcined at different temperatures ranging from 400°C to 900°C. The results analyzed by X ray photoemission spectra (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Spectroscopic ellipsometer, Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and HP4145B semiconductor parameter analyzer measurements show that the sample with quartz glass substrate and calcinated at 650°C possesses better properties and suitable to be used in our gas sensor.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Fialkova, Svitlana, Sergey Yarmolenko, Jagannathan Sankar, Geoffrey Ndungu, and Kevin Wilkinson. "Bioactive Coating From White Portland Cement Deposited by Pulsed Laser Deposition." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-70986.

Full text

Abstract:

Objective. We report the study of feasibility to produce the thing bioactive coating from experimental dental cement using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. Methods. The targets for PLD system (disks 30 mm in diameter × 5 mm thick) were sintered from micronized powder of set Alborg White Portland cement (WPC). The parameters for sintering process were chosen based thermo-gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC). The coatings were deposited by PLD on silicon substrates. The effect of laser power on coating crystallinity and morphology was evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The material transfer from target to substrate were evaluated by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The bioactivity of deposited films was evaluated by ability produce the hydroxyapatite (HA) layer on a surface of specimen immersed in a simulated body fluid (Dulbecco’s Phosphate-Buffered Saline (DPBS). The formation of hydroxyapatite was confirmed by SEM, X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), XRD and micro-Raman spectroscopy. The formation of HA was evaluated after 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days of immersion. Results. This study demonstrated that White Portland cement can be used as a target material for manufacturing of bio-functional coatings. The films deposited on Si substrates have mainly amorphous structure; the crystallinity of the film can be achieved by increasing the laser power. The biological performance of deposited films was tested by HA forming ability in simulated body fluid. The HA layer was formed on a coated surface after first day of immersion.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Huang, Jianbing, Zongqiang Mao, Bin Zhu, Lizhai Yang, Ranran Peng, and Ruifeng Gao. "Direct Preparation of Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 Powders Oxidized With H2O2 for Low Temperature SOFCs Application." In ASME 2005 3rd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2005-74027.

Full text

Abstract:

A novel method was developed to prepare fine doped ceria (DCO) powders directly. Ceria doped with 20 mol. % of samarium (Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9, SDC) was prepared by in-situ oxidization of hydroxide precipitates with H2O2 in the solutions. The resultant powder desiccated at 85°C overnight was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry /differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The XRD pattern showed that the as-dried SDC powder is single phase with a cubic fluorite structure like that of pure CeO2. An anode-supported SOFC was also fabricated based on SDC and 20wt. % (62mol. %Li2CO3–38 mol. %K2CO3) composite electrolyte, LiNiO2 as cathode and NiO as anode, by cold pressing. Using hydrogen as the fuel and air as the oxidant, the I-V and I-P characteristics exhibit excellent performances and the maximum power densities are about 696, 469, 377 and 240 mWcm−2 at 650, 600, 550 and 500°C, respectively.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Ding, Haoran, Yongqing Xu, Linyi Xiang, Qiyao Wang, Cheng Shen, Cong Luo, and Liqi Zhang. "Synthesis of CeO2 Supported BaCoO3 Perovskites for Chemical-Looping Methane Reforming to Syngas and Hydrogen." In ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17 collocated with the ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power-icope2017-3246.

Full text

Abstract:

In order to reduce the hotspots in partial oxidation of methane, CeO2 supported BaCoO3 perogvskite-type oxides were synthesized using a sol-gel method and applied in chemical-looping steam methane reforming (CL-SMR). The synthesized BaCoO3-CeO2 was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XRD and XPS results suggested that the obtained BaCoO3 was pure crystalline perovskite, its crystalline structure and lattice oxygen could regenerate after calcining. The reactivity of perovskite-type oxides in CL-SMR was evaluated using a fixed-bed reactor. Gas production rates and H2/CO ratios showed that the optimal reaction temperature was about 860 °C and the properly reaction time in fuel reactor was about 180s when Weight Hourly Space Velocity (WHSV) was 23.57 h−1. The syngas production in fuel reactor were 265.11 ml/g, hydrogen production in reforming reactor were 82.53 ml/g. (CSPE)

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Honarmandi, Peyman. "Fabrication of Single-Crystal Nanospherical Hydroxyapatite Powder for Biomedical Applications." In ASME 2010 First Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2010-13326.

Full text

Abstract:

The competence and compatibility of biomaterials is always challenging and demanding in biotech industries. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a useful biomaterial for biological applications due to its especial properties. In this paper, a dry mechanochemical process is introduced to produce hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. Structural and morphological properties of HAp powder are studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that the single-crystal HAp nanospherical particles are successfully produced during milling process. Two different metallic and polymeric vials are applied and the results are compared for both vials. The results verify that the HAp nanoparticles are single crystal and their sizes are in the ranges of 12–24 nm.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "X-Ray powder Diffraction (XRD)"

1

Schwartz, Daniel S. INFL GUIDELINE ON X-RAY DIFFRACTION (XRD). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1095199.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Morris, Marlene C., Howard F. McMurdie, Eloise H. Evans, Boris Paretzkin, Harry S. Parker, Winnie Wong-Ng, Donna M. Gladhill, and Camden R. Hubbard. Standard x-ray diffraction powder patterns :. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.mono.25-21.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Phillips, Ian. Data Report: X-Ray Powder Diffraction. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1648320.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Sullenger, D. B., J. S. Cantrell, T. A. Beiter, and D. W. Tomlin. Quality experimental and calculated powder x-ray diffraction. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/274162.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Reed-Gore, E. Rae, Robert Moser, and Charles Weiss. Characterization of Nanosized Crystallites Using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) : Standard Operating Procedure Series : Characterization. Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory (U.S.), July 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/27802.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Stutzman, Paul E. X-ray powder diffraction analysis of three portland cement reference material clinkers. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.4785.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Stutzman, Paul E., and Stefan Leigh. Phase composition analysis of the NIST reference clinkers by optical microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.1441.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Jarrett, A. J. M., T. Webster, S. Webber, S. Gilmore, P. T. Main, L. Carr, and P. Henson. Exploring for the Future- X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) data release of sedimentary rocks in the South Nicholson Basin and Isa Superbasin, Northern Australia. Geoscience Australia, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/record.2019.023.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Quantitative x-ray powder diffraction methods for clinker and cement. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.5403.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!