Relevant bibliographies by topics / X-ray simulation method

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'X-ray simulation method'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 21 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "X-ray simulation method"

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Fu, Chao, Ao Dong Shen, and Li Min Luo. "A Fast Ray-Tracing Algorithm for X-Ray Imaging Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 198-199 (September 2012): 1361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.198-199.1361.

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X-ray radiography has more and more application value and X-ray simulation system has practical significance for improving the quality of X-ray imaging and replacing the expensive devices but it’s a time-consuming work. This paper proposes an improved fast ray-tracing method extended from Siddon’s and Zhao’s methods. For a 2D array, we compute level by level which has natural modes, by comparing the incident x-coordinate with the characteristic constant. In the case of 3D models, the volume data are back projected into 1D linked list and compute indices and lengths similarly like the case of 2D. Compared with Zhao’s method, the new method avoids skipping parametric planes and computing several starting voxels and ending voxels in one level. The time consumed in the new algorithm has reduced by 5/6 regarding the conventional Siddon’s algorithm.
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Xue Meng-Fan, Li Xiao-Ping, Sun Hai-Feng, Liu Bing, Fang Hai-Yan, and Shen Li-Rong. "A new simulation method of X-ray pulsar signals." Acta Physica Sinica 64, no. 21 (2015): 219701. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.64.219701.

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Kim, In, Sang-Wan Ryu, Byung-Doo Choe, Hee-Dae Kim, and Weon Guk Jeong. "Matrix method for the x-ray rocking curve simulation." Journal of Applied Physics 83, no. 7 (April 1998): 3932–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.367143.

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Zhang, Hua, Luping Xu, Shibin Song, and Rong Jiao. "A fast method for X-ray pulsar signal simulation." Acta Astronautica 98 (May 2014): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2014.01.030.

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Lambert, Sébastien, and François Guillet. "Application of the X-ray tracing method to powder diffraction line profiles." Journal of Applied Crystallography 41, no. 1 (January 16, 2008): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889807055069.

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An X-ray tracing program was developed to simulate the instrument function of a high-resolution X-ray powder diffractometer. The optics of this laboratory instrument consist of a conventional X-ray tube, a single flat Ge monochromator, slits, the powder sample and finally a curved position-sensitive detector. Such a setup provides an interesting case study in order to assess X-ray tracing, which has seldom been used in the case of laboratory equipment. The simulation reported in this paper covers different aspects of optics simulation, ranging from straightforward kinematic diffraction to dynamic diffraction by single crystals or learned detector response function. The comparison between the simulation and the profiles measured using the NIST line profile standard SRM 660a LaB6shows a good agreement. This result provides the basis for discussing the opportunity of using X-ray tracing in diagram-refinement software.
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Gao, Bo, Brecht Laforce, Jelle Dhaene, Laszlo Vincze, Luc Van Hoorebeke, and Matthieu N. Boone. "An analytical simulation method for X-ray fluorescence computed tomography." Radiation Physics and Chemistry 170 (May 2020): 108622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2019.108622.

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Cooper, V. N., J. M. Boone, and J. A. Seibert. "A lesion detectability simulation method for digital x-ray imaging." Medical Physics 27, no. 1 (January 2000): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.598872.

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Nazemi, Ehsan, Nathanaël Six, Domenico Iuso, Björn De Samber, Jan Sijbers, and Jan De Beenhouwer. "Monte-Carlo-Based Estimation of the X-ray Energy Spectrum for CT Artifact Reduction." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7 (April 1, 2021): 3145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11073145.

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Beam hardening and scattering effects can seriously degrade image quality in polychromatic X-ray CT imaging. In recent years, polychromatic image reconstruction techniques and scatter estimation using Monte Carlo simulation have been developed to compensate for beam hardening and scattering CT artifacts, respectively. Both techniques require knowledge of the X-ray tube energy spectrum. In this work, Monte Carlo simulations were used to calculate the X-ray energy spectrum of FleXCT, a novel prototype industrial micro-CT scanner, enabling beam hardening and scatter reduction for CT experiments. Both source and detector were completely modeled by Monte Carlo simulation. In order to validate the energy spectra obtained via Monte Carlo simulation, they were compared with energy spectra obtained via a second method. Here, energy spectra were calculated from empirical measurements using a step wedge sample, in combination with the Maximum Likelihood Expectation Maximization (MLEM) method. Good correlation was achieved between both approaches, confirming the correct modeling of the FleXCT system by Monte Carlo simulation. After validation of the modeled FleXCT system through comparing the X-ray spectra for different tube voltages inside the detector, we calculated the X-ray spectrum of the FleXCT X-ray tube, independent of the flat panel detector response, which is a prerequisite for beam hardening and scattering CT artifacts.
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Venkatakrishnan, S. V., Jeffrey Donatelli, Dinesh Kumar, Abhinav Sarje, Sunil K. Sinha, Xiaoye S. Li, and Alexander Hexemer. "A multi-slice simulation algorithm for grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering." Journal of Applied Crystallography 49, no. 6 (October 14, 2016): 1876–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576716013273.

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Grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) is an important technique in the characterization of samples at the nanometre scale. A key aspect of GISAXS data analysis is the accurate simulation of samples to match the measurement. The distorted-wave Born approximation (DWBA) is a widely used model for the simulation of GISAXS patterns. For certain classes of sample such as nanostructures embedded in thin films, where the electric field intensity variation is significant relative to the size of the structures, a multi-slice DWBA theory is more accurate than the conventional DWBA method. However, simulating complex structures in the multi-slice setting is challenging and the algorithms typically used are designed on a case-by-case basis depending on the structure to be simulated. In this paper, an accurate algorithm for GISAXS simulations based on the multi-slice DWBA theory is presented. In particular, fundamental properties of the Fourier transform have been utilized to develop an algorithm that accurately computes the average refractive index profile as a function of depth and the Fourier transform of the portion of the sample within a given slice, which are key quantities required for the multi-slice DWBA simulation. The results from this method are compared with the traditionally used approximations, demonstrating that the proposed algorithm can produce more accurate results. Furthermore, this algorithm is general with respect to the sample structure, and does not require any sample-specific approximations to perform the simulations.
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Bootsma, G. J., H. Nordström, M. Eriksson, and D. A. Jaffray. "Monte Carlo kilovoltage X-ray tube simulation: A statistical analysis and compact simulation method." Physica Medica 72 (April 2020): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2020.03.015.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "X-ray simulation method"

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Lopresti, Mattia. "Non-destructive X-ray based characterization of materials assisted by multivariate methods of data analysis: from theory to application." Doctoral thesis, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11579/143020.

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X-ray based non-destructive techniques are an increasingly important tool in many fields, ranging from industry to fine arts, from medicine to basic research. Over the last century, the study of the physical phenomena underlying the interaction between X-rays and matter has led to the development of many different techniques suitable for morphological, textural, elementary, and compositional analysis. Furthermore, with the development of the hardware technology and its automation thanks to IT advancements, enormous progress has been made also from the point of view of data collection and nowadays it is possible to carry out measurement campaigns by collecting many GigaBytes of data in a few hours. Already huge data sets are further enlarged when samples are analyzed with a multi-technique approach and/or at in situ conditions with time, space, temperature, and concentration becoming additional variables. In the present work, new data collection and analysis methods are presented along with applicative studies in which innovative materials have been developed and characterized. These materials are currently of high application interest and involve composites for radiation protection, ultralight magnesium alloys and eutectic mixtures. The new approaches have been grown up from an instrumental viewpoint and with regard to the analysis of the data obtained, for which the use and development of multivariate methods was central. In this context, extensive use has been made of principal component analysis and experimental design methods. One prominent topic of the study involved the development of in situ analysis methods of evolving samples as a response to different types of gradients. In fact, while in large structures such as synchrotrons carrying out analyzes under variable conditions is now consolidated practice, on a laboratory scale this type of experiments is still relatively young and the methods of data analysis of data sets evolving systems have large perspectives for development especially, if integrated by multivariate methods.
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Shinozaki, Osamu, Hirohide Furutani, Masaki Misawa, Naoki Takada, Kazuki Yamauchi, and Kazuhiro Yamamoto. "Lattice Boltzmann simulation on continuously regenerating diesel filter." The Royal Society, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/20056.

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Lonie, Sandra. "A molecular dynamics simulation study of diffuse x-ray scattering from C←1←0H←1←6." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287696.

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Adamantane C10H16 is an interesting archetypal plastic crystal which has been extensively studied. It undergoes transition from a low temperature ordered phase to a high temperature disordered phase at T=208.6K. The C10H16 molecule has tetrahedral symmetry and the orientational disorder to the plastic phase has been interpreted in terms of the distribution of the molecules between two equally preferred orientations. A molecular dynamics simulation of C10H16 has been carried out using the CCP5 Library program moliq-dynamo, written by Dr. D Fincham of Keele University. The simulation model consists of rigid molecules interacting with an atom-atom pairwise additive potential. The dynamics of the adamantane molecules in the plastic phase have been investigated and results have been compared with previous work. The molecular trajectories generated by the simulation have been used to evaluate the intensity of diffuse x-ray scattering from the crystal. Results have been compared with experimental data obtained from energy-dispersive x-ray scattering measurements made at the Daresbury SRS. Using a series of simplified models of the crystal, the relative contributions to the scattered intensity from translational and orientational disorder have been investigated.
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Liu, Yu. "Simulation study on PEM fuel cell gas diffusion layers using X-ray tomography based Lattice Boltzmann method." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2011. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/9254.

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The Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cell has a great potential in leading the future energy generation due to its advantages of zero emissions, higher power density and efficiency. For a PEM fuel cell, the Membrane-Electrode Assembly (MEA) is the key component which consists of a membrane, two catalyst layers and two gas diffusion layers (GDL). The success of optimum PEM fuel cell power output relies on the mass transport to the electrode especially on the cathode side. The carbon based GDL is one of the most important components in the fuel cell since it has one of the basic roles of providing path ways for reactant gases transport to the catalyst layer as well as excess water removal. A detailed understanding and visualization of the GDL from micro-scale level is limited by traditional numerical tool such as CFD and experimental methods due to the complex geometry of the porous GDL structural. In order to take the actual geometry information of the porous GDL into consideration, the x-ray tomography technique is employed which is able to reconstructed the actual structure of the carbon paper or carbon cloth GDLs to three-dimensional digital binary image which can be read directly by the LB model to carry out the simulation. This research work contributes to develop the combined methodology of x-ray tomography based the three-dimensional single phase Lattice Boltzmann (LB) simulation. This newly developed methodology demonstrates its capacity of simulating the flow characteristics and transport phenomena in the porous media by dealing with collision of the particles at pore-scale. The results reveal the heterogeneous nature of the GDL structures which influence the transportation of the reactants in terms of physical parameters of the GDLs such as porosity, permeability and tortuosity. The compression effects on the carbon cloth GDLs have been investigated. The results show that the c applied compression pressure on the GDLs will have negative effects on average pore size, porosity as well as through-plane permeability. A compression pressure range is suggested by the results which gives optimum in-plane permeability to through-plane permeability. The compression effects on one-dimensional water and oxygen partial pressures in the main flow direction have been studied at low, medium and high current densities. It s been observed that the water and oxygen pressure drop across the GDL increase with increasing the compression pressure. Key Words: PEM fuel cell, GDL, LB simulation, SPSC, SPMC, x-ray tomography, carbon paper, carbon cloth, porosity, permeability, degree of anisotropy, tortuosity, flow transport.
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Yamamoto, Kazuhiro. "Boundary Conditions for Combustion Field and LB Simulation of Diesel Particulate Filter." Global Science Press, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/20029.

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Liu, Fang. "Monte Carlo modeling of an x-ray fluorescence detection system by the MCNP code." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33959.

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An x-ray fluorescence detection system has been designed by our research group for quantifying the amount of gold nanoparticles presented within the phantom and animals during gold nanoparticle-aided cancer detection and therapy procedures. The primary components of the system consist of a microfocus x-ray source, a Pb beam collimator, and a CdTe photodiode detector. In order to optimize and facilitate future experimental tasks, a Monte Carlo model of the detection system has been created by using the MCNP5 code. Specifically, the model included an x-ray source, a Pb collimator, a CdTe detector, and an acrylic plastic phantom with four cylindrical columns where various materials such as gold nanoparticles, aluminum, etc. can be inserted during the experiments. In this model, 110 kVp x-rays emitted into a 60o cone from the focal spot of the x-ray source were collimated to a circular beam with a diameter of 5 mm. The collimated beam was then delivered to the plastic phantom with and without a gold nanoparticle-containing column. The fluence of scattered and gold fluorescence x-rays from the phantom was scored within the detector's sensitive volume resulting in various photon spectra and compared with the spectra acquired experimentally under the same geometry. The results show that the current Monte Carlo model can produce the results comparable to those from actual experiments and therefore it would serve as a useful tool to optimize and troubleshoot experimental tasks necessary for the development of gold nanoparticle-aided cancer detection and therapy procedures.
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Stångberg, Valgeborg Fredrik. "Toward a Novel Gas Cell for X-Ray Spectroscopy : Finite Element Flow Simulation and Raman Characterization." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Molekyl- och kondenserade materiens fysik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-394134.

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The new millennium has seen revolutionary advances in photonsource technology. As the newly constructed synchrotron facilityMAX IV in Lund, Sweden, pushes brilliance toward what isphysically possible, low-yield spectroscopic techniques, such asresonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS), open new doors inmolecular and condensed matter research. The VERITAS beamline atMAX IV is designed for high-resolution vibrational RIXS on gases.X-rays interact with flowing molecules inside a window-cappedcell, but the radiation intensity is expected to be large enoughto damage the windows, and cause build-up of photochemicalproducts, which lowers transmission. To address these issues, anovel gas cell design is presented, wherein the distance betweensample gas and window is increased by using a flowing heliumbuffer. The main challenge is maintaining a steep sample gasconcentration gradient within the cell, and to that end, gas flowswere simulated on various geometries by using the finite elementmethod to solve the Navier-Stokes equations. Results were used toconstruct a prototype, and confocal Raman microscopy was used forconcentration characterization. Preliminary measurements revealeda uniform sample gas distribution, and the technique proved to beinefficient for wide scanning of parameter values. This suggeststhat a supplementary experiment is required to find roughestimates of good parameter values, which can then be followed upwith new Raman measurements for fine-tuning of the properparameter space. Real-time visualization of the sample gas flow,using a visible gas under an optical microscope, is one candidatefor this supplementary experiment.
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Lester, Sonia. "A study of scattered radiation in diagnostic radiology using Monte Carlo simulation." Thesis, Institute of Cancer Research (University Of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287993.

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Henkel, Thilo Johannes. "Strain-related phenomena in (In,Ga)N/GaN nanowires and rods investigated by nanofocus x-ray diffraction and the finite element method." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/18707.

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In dieser Arbeit wird das lokal aufgelöste Deformationsfeld einzelner (In,Ga)N/GaN Drähte mit Hilfe nanofokussierter Röntgenbeugung und der Methode der Finiten Elemente untersucht. Hiermit soll ein Beitrag zum grundlegenden Verständis der optischen Eigenschaften geleistet werden, die durch das Deformationsfeld maßgeblich beeinflusst werden. Zunächst wird die Abhängigkeit der vertikalen Normalkomponente, epsilon_zz, des elastischen Dehnungstensors von der Geometrie eines axialen (In,Ga)N/GaN Nanodrahtes diskutiert. Dabei wird ein signifikant negativer epsilon_zz-Wert beobachtet, sobald das Verhältnis von Nanodrahtradius und (In,Ga)N-Segmentlänge gegen eins strebt. Auffallend große Scherkomponenten und eine konvexe Verformung der äußeren Oberfläche begleiten das Auftreten des negativen epsilon_zz- Wertes und sind die Ursache dieses Effekts. Durch eine Ummantelung von GaN-Nanodrähten mit einer (In,Ga)N-Schale lässt sich die aktive Fläche und somit die potentielle Lichtausbeute pro Fläche im Vergleich zu planaren Strukturen deutlich erhöhen. Es wurde jedoch festgestellt, dass das entlang der Drahthöhe emittierte Licht rotverschoben ist. Um den Ursprung dieses Phänomens zu beleuchten, wird das lokale Deformationsfeld mit Hilfe nanofokussierter Röntgenbeugung vermessen. Durch die gute räumliche Auflösung ist es möglich, das Deformationsfeld innerhalb einzelner Seitenfacetten zu untersuchen, wobei ein deutlicher Gradient festgestellt wird. Basierend auf dem mit der Methode der Finiten Elemente simulierten Deformationsfeld und kinematischen Streusimulationen, ist es möglich, den Deformationszustand in einen In-Gehalt zu übersetzen. Wenn neben dem Deformationsfeld auch der strukturelle Aufbau in der Simulation berücksichtigt wird, kann der In-Gehalt mit noch größerer Genauigkeit bestimmt werden.
In this thesis, nanofocus x-ray diffraction and the finite element method are applied to analyze the local strain field in (In,Ga)N/GaN nanowires and micro-rods which are discussed as candidates for a plethora of future optoelectronic applications. However, to improve and tailor their properties, a fundamental understanding on the level of individual objects is essential. In this spirit, the dependence of the vertical normal component, epsilon_zz, of the elastic strain tensor on the geometry of an axial (In,Ga)N/GaN nanowire is systematically analyzed using the finite element method. Hereby, it is found that if the ratio of nanowire radius and (In,Ga)N segment length approaches unity, a significantly negative epsilon_zz value is observed. This stands in stark contrast to naive expectations and shows that the common knowledge about planar systems where epsilon_zz would always be greater or equal zero cannot easily be translated to nanowires with an equivalent material sequence. As the origin of this effect significant shear strains are discussed which go along with a convex deformation of the outer surface resulting in a highly complex strain distribution. The increased active area of core-shell (In,Ga)N/GaN micro-rods makes them promising candidates for next-generation light emitting diodes. However, it is found that the emission wavelength is significantly red-shifted along the rod height. To shed light on the origin of this phenomenon, nanofocus x-ray diffraction is applied to analyze the local strain field. Due to the high spatial resolution it is possible to investigate the strain field within individual side-facets and to detect a significant gradient along the rod height. Based on the deformation field simulated using the finite element method and subsequent kinematic scattering simulations it is possible to translate the strain state into an In content.
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Philippov, Sergey. "Modelagem computacional para a interpretação de dados de medição de tensões mecânicas pelo método de difração de raios X." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2006. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=326.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Tensões mecânicas residuais próximas à superfície são importantes em relação às propriedades de materiais, como resistência, durabilidade, resistência a fricção etc. Muitos métodos modernos de tratamento de superfície produzem gradientes das tensões. Porém, até agora ainda não há um método de medição dos parâmetros destes gradientes, apesar de várias tentativas. A aplicação do método de difração de raios X ao problema é interessante pela possibilidade de avaliar os gradientes em camadas muito finas (~10m). Neste trabalho novos métodos como modelagem computacional, análise de Fourier e operação de convolução são aplicados à dados simulados que se obtêm pelo método de tensometria por raios X chamado método-sen2ψ. É mostrado que os gradientes de tensão produzem não-linearidades nas dependências experimentais e para gradientes fortes o suficiente estas não-linearidades podem ser registradas em experimento. São analisadas funções diferentes de distribuição de tensões e os efeitos que estas produzem para estados diferentes de tensões (uni-, bi- e tridimensional). É mostrado que a influência do gradiente pode ser descrita através da operação de convolução, e a função de gradiente pode ser obtida utilizando a transformada de Fourier e a operação de deconvolução. São estimados o menor valor de gradiente que pode ser registrado e a menor profundidade da distribuição não-homogênea de tensão que ainda tem efeito nos dados.
Residual stresses near the material surface are important for material's properties, like resistance, durability and friction resistance. A lot of modern methods of surface treatment produce stress gradients. However, up to now there is not a universal method of stress gradients parameters measurement, although various attempts were made. Aplication of X-ray diffraction method to the problem seems to be the best way to resolve it because of its possibility to measure the gradients in very thin layers (about 10m). Some new methods like computer simulation, Fourier analysis and operation of convolution are applied in this paper to simulate experimental data of X-ray tensometry method, called sin2ψ-method. It is shown that stress gradients produce non-linearities in the experimental dependences and for the gradients strong enough these non-linearities can be registered in experiment. There are analyzed different functions of stress distribution and the effects they produce for different stress states (one-, two- and three-dimensional). There is shown that the influence of gradient can be desribed by means of operation of convolution, and the gradient function can be found using Fourier transformation and deconvolution operation. It was estimated the smallest value of gradient that can be registered and the smallest depth of non-homogenious stress distribution that still has an effect on the data.
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Books on the topic "X-ray simulation method"

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Solar flares as natural particle accelerators: A high-energy view from x-ray observations and theoretical models. Saarbrücken, Germany: VDM Verlag Dr. Müller Aktiengesellschaft & Co, 2008.

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Satdarova, Faina. DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS OF DEFORMED METALS: Theory, Methods, Programs. xxu: Academus Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/monography_1598.

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General analysis of the distribution of crystals orientation and dislocation density in the polycrystalline system is presented. Recovered information in diffraction of X-rays adopting is new to structure states of polycrystal. Shear phase transformations in metals — at the macroscopic and microscopic levels — become a clear process. Visualizing the advances is produced by program included in package delivered. Mathematical models developing, experimental design, optimal statistical estimation, simulation the system under study and evolution process on loading serves as instrumentation. To reduce advanced methods to research and studies problem-oriented software will promote when installed. Automation programs passed a testing in the National University of Science and Technology “MISIS” (The Russian Federation, Moscow). You score an advantage in theoretical and experimental research in the field of physics of metals.
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W, Carter Charles, and Sweet Robert M, eds. Macromolecular crystallography. San Diego: Academic Press, 2003.

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Inc, Game Counselor. Game Counselor's Answer Book for Nintendo Players. Redmond, USA: Microsoft Pr, 1991.

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Welberry, T. R. Diffuse X-ray Scattering and Models of Disorder. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198862482.001.0001.

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Diffuse X-ray scattering is a rich source of local structural information over and above that obtained by conventional crystal structure determination (crystallography). The main aim in the book is to show how computer simulation of a model crystal provides a general method by which diffuse scattering of all kinds and from all types of materials can be interpreted and analysed. Part I gives a description of the experimental methods used to obtain diffuse scattering data including recent improvements both in synchrotron and neutron facilities and latest detectors that are now available. Part II describes a number of stochastic models of disorder, which allows various concepts to be established and enables simple examples to be generated to illustrate key principles. Part III describes example studies of a wide variety of real materials. These examples not only document the development of computer simulation methods for investigating and analysing disorder problems but also provide a resource for helping future researchers recognise the kinds of effects which can occur and for pointing the way to tackling new problems which are encountered. Part IV describes more recent studies in which the increased computational power, coupled with improvements in the quality and quantity of data that is now obtainable, has allowed more quantitative and detailed analyses to be undertaken.
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Morelhão, Sérgio Luiz. Computer Simulation Tools for X-ray Analysis: Scattering and Diffraction Methods. Springer, 2015.

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Morelhão, Sérgio Luiz. Computer Simulation Tools for X-Ray Analysis: Scattering and Diffraction Methods. Springer London, Limited, 2015.

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Morelhão, Sérgio Luiz. Computer Simulation Tools for X-Ray Analysis: Scattering and Diffraction Methods. Springer International Publishing AG, 2016.

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W, Carter Charles, ed. Methods in enzymology. San Diego, Calif: Academic, 2003.

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Inc, Game Counsellor, ed. The Game Counsellor's answer book for Nintendo Game players: Hundredsof questions -and answers - about more than 250 popular Nintendo Games. Redmond, Washington: Microsoft Press, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "X-ray simulation method"

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Fu, Lingzhong, Ping Shuai, Mengfan Xue, Haifeng Sun, and Haiyan Fang. "The Research of X-Ray Pulsar Signals Simulation Method." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 635–47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46632-2_56.

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Zhang, Yu, Weijie Hua, Kochise Bennett, and Shaul Mukamel. "Nonlinear Spectroscopy of Core and Valence Excitations Using Short X-Ray Pulses: Simulation Challenges." In Density-Functional Methods for Excited States, 273–345. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/128_2014_618.

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Feller, Scott E. "Molecular Dynamics Simulations as a Complement to Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and X-Ray Diffraction Measurements." In Methods in Membrane Lipids, 89–102. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-519-0_7.

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Tserpes, Konstantinos, Elli Moutsompegka, Mareike Schlag, Kai Brune, Christian Tornow, Ana Reguero Simón, and Romain Ecault. "Characterization of Pre-bond Contamination and Aging Effects for CFRP Bonded Joints Using Reference Laboratory Methods, Mechanical Tests, and Numerical Simulation." In Adhesive Bonding of Aircraft Composite Structures, 51–117. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92810-4_2.

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AbstractIn this chapter, the pre-bond contamination and ageing effects on carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) adherends and CFRP bonded joints are characterized by means of reference laboratory non-destructive testing (NDT) methods, mechanical tests, and numerical simulation. Contaminations from two fields of application are considered, namely in aircraft manufacturing (i.e. production) and for in-service bonded repair. The production-related scenarios comprise release agent, moisture, and fingerprint, while the repair-related scenarios comprise fingerprint, thermal degradation, de-icing fluid, and a faulty curing of the adhesive. For each scenario, three different levels of contamination were pre-set and applied, namely low, medium and high level. Furthermore, two types of samples were tested, namely coupons and pilot samples (a stiffened panel and scarf repairs). The CFRP adherends were contaminated prior to bonding and the obtained surfaces were characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. After bonding, the joints were tested by ultrasonic testing. To characterize the effects of each contamination on the strength of the bonded joints, mode-I and mode-II fracture toughness tests, and novel centrifuge tests were conducted on the coupons, while tensile tests were performed on the scarfed samples. Additionally, numerical simulation was performed on CFRP stiffened panels under compression using the LS-DYNA finite element (FE) platform.
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Chhimpa, Vishwas, Subhasis Pradhan, and Sudhirkumar V. Barai. "Application of Novel Radial Thresholding Method for the Segmentation of Different Phases from X-Ray Microtomographic Images of Concrete." In Recent Advances in Computational Mechanics and Simulations, 555–62. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8315-5_47.

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Dian-hui, Zhang, Huang Liu-xing, and Niu Sheng-li. "Shield Optimization for X-rays Using the Monte Carlo Method Combined with Analytical Calculation." In Advanced Monte Carlo for Radiation Physics, Particle Transport Simulation and Applications, 483–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18211-2_77.

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Ekimoto, Toru, and Mitsunori Ikeguchi. "Hybrid Methods for Modeling Protein Structures Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering Data." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 237–58. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2200-6_15.

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Chaparian, A., M. A. Oghabian, and V. Changizi. "Obtaining Molecular Interference Functions of X-Ray Coherent Scattering for Breast Tissues by Combination of Simulation and Experimental Methods." In IFMBE Proceedings, 1736–39. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03882-2_461.

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Zhang, Dongliang. "A Method of 3-D Microstructure Reconstruction in the Simulation Model of Cement Hydration." In Evolving Developments in Grid and Cloud Computing, 295–302. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0056-0.ch021.

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An accurate and reliable computer simulation system can help practical experiments greatly. In a cement hydration simulation system, the basic requirement is to reconstruct the 3-D microstructure of the cement particles in the initial state while mixed with water. A 2-D SEM/X-ray image is certainly achievable; however, it is not easy to obtain parallel images due to the small scale of the cement particles. In this regard, a method is proposed to reconstruct the 3-D structure from a single microstructure image. In this method, micro-particles are regenerated in a growing trees mode, which by modifying the generating probability of the leaves, the irregularity and the surface fraction of particles can be controlled. This method can fulfill the requirement for the parameters of the 3-D image while assuring that the 2-D image is in full accord.
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Zhou, Mo, Yiming Wu, Kai Pan, Zelin Du, Tiancheng Yi, Tianxi Sun, Zhiguo Liu, and Yude Li. "Image Restoration of an Object Viewed Through a Polycapillary X-Ray Lens with Square Channels Using the Concept of a Space-Variant Point-Spread Function." In Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia220577.

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A polycapillary X-ray lens with square channels is a type of new X-ray optical device that is suitable for both X-ray focusing and imaging. Similar to micropore optics (MPO), the square matrix array of this lens contributes to the good correspondence between each individual channel and each pixel of a position-sensitive detector. The tiny difference in the curvature of each channel makes the point-spread function of this lens spatially variant. To realize image restoration of the raw data viewed through this lens, a Slice method called the Lucy-Richardson overlap-save method using total variation (LROS-TV) was used. In this work, a series of simulations were conducted to investigate at what flux and contrast levels the image features of an object can be resolved. A simple coaxial imaging experiment was also conducted to verify the LROS-TV method by changing the current of the X-ray tube from 300 to 600μA. In this paper, it was found that the slice method is suitable for image restoration of an object viewed through a polycapillary X-ray lens with square channels.
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Conference papers on the topic "X-ray simulation method"

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Shirazi, Mousavi, Seyed Alireza, Taheri Ali, and Abdul Aziz Bin Mohamed. "A NEW METHOD FOR NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY (NCT) AND RELATED SIMULATION BY MCNP4C CODE." In NEUTRON AND X-RAY SCATTERING IN ADVANCING MATERIALS RESEARCH: Proceedings of the International Conference on Neutron and X-Ray Scattering—2009. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3295614.

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Jin, Jing, Yixiao Liu, Xiaoyu Li, Yi Shen, and Liangwei Huang. "A simulation method for X-ray pulsar signal based on Monte Carlo." In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icma.2016.7558862.

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Nagano, Yasuo, Yasushi Ikeda, and Hiroshi Kawamoto. "Application of 3D X-Ray CT to Stress Simulation Analysis of Porous Materials With Homogenization Method." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2828.

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A 3D X-ray CT method was developed using a combination of a micro-focus X-ray generator and an image intensifier camera. An image processor used produced 2D projection data for CT imaging. The channel number of the data was 1024, and the slicing number was up to 200. A micro-focus X-ray generator was used and image-magnifying method was carried out to imaging porous ceramic materials. Using obtained 3D CT images, voxel mesh method was carried out with mathematical homogenization method. Complicated structures of porous materials were taken into the simulation process as an image-based modeling. Equivalent homogenized elastic constants were calculated for the microscopic porous models, and global macroscopic stress and local stress distribution in porous materials were calculated with the simulation method. This simulation method was considered to be applicable to much larger porous materials of piping and construction.
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Ueki, Hironori, and Kenichi Okajima. "Method using a Monte Carlo simulation database for optimizing x-ray fluoroscopic conditions." In Medical Imaging 2001, edited by Larry E. Antonuk and Martin J. Yaffe. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.430959.

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Gui, Xianzhou, Chen Sun, and Senlin Huang. "Method and simulation for spacecraft clock correction based on x-ray pulsars signal." In Seventh International Conference on Digital Image Processing (ICDIP15), edited by Charles M. Falco and Xudong Jiang. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2197156.

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Puglisi, Alessandra, Nicolas Sisourat, and Stéphane Carniato. "Ab-initio method for X-ray absorption spectra simulation of hydride molecular ions." In ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS APIP 2016: Proceedings of the 18th and 19th International Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4975737.

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Tran, Tiffany, Pratik Samant, Liangzhong Xiang, and Yingtao Liu. "X-Ray Induced Acoustic Computed Tomography for Non-Destructive Testing of Aircraft Structure." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10480.

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Abstract For decades, aircraft disasters have always been a concern for airline companies and especially for consumers. Scientists all over the world have been constantly trying to study, discover and invent new methods for testing and prevention to reduce future aircraft accidents. One of those methods is non-destructive testing, which is a widely adaptive process for analyzing structural integrity over wide arrays of object. X-rays, ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) are non-destructive testing applications commonly used for the commercial aircraft maintenance. These non-destructive testing methods for aircraft structures give us high-quality images of structural damage but, there are some disadvantages related to resolution and the contrast mechanism of the image. The goal of this study is to demonstrate the concept of X-Ray Induced Acoustic Computed Tomography (XACT) imaging method for defect detection and localization through simulations using k-wave MATLAB toolbox. XACT is a technique based on the X-ray induced acoustic effect. In XACT, a short pulsed of X-rays are required to achieve thermal response and generate acoustic waves. X-ray travels to an object, the photons are absorbed causing the temperature in the object to raise, which generates acoustic waves due to thermoelastic expansion. These acoustic waves are then detected by ultrasonic transducers. Within the fuselage of the aircraft, the aircraft’s stiffener is designed using SolidWorks. along with two different types of defects through voids due to manufacturing imperfection process. As well as, cracks in the surface of the model due to mechanical failures are created in MATLAB. Two properties of Aluminum 6065 and Inconel 625 materials were selected for our simulation study since it is often used for the fuselage and/or aircraft engines. XACT images are generated under the combination of high X-ray absorption and ultrasonic transducers that will be able to overcome the disadvantages of the X-ray imaging technique and ultrasound imaging technique in image resolution and contrast mechanisms. The results from this simulation study demonstrate that the XACT method not only gives us high-resolution images but moreover, higher contrast of images that also allows us to detect position accuracy of the cons created.
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Czyzycki, Mateusz, Marek Lankosz, Marek Bielewski, Melissa Denecke, and Clive T. Walker. "Quantitative Elemental Microanalysis Of Individual Particles With Use Of X-Ray Fluorescence Method And Monte Carlo Simulation." In X-RAY OPTICS AND MICROANALYSIS: Proceedings of the 20th International Congress. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3399264.

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Serranheira, Florentino, Kelly Fernandes, and Cláudia Sá Dos Reis. "Activity simulation in Radiology: Chest X-Ray in bed-ridden patients." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002623.

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Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) symptoms are frequent in healthcare workers. In Radiology Departments, demanding postures assumed by radiographers frequently occurred. Chest plain radiography to bed-ridden patients is one of the most demanding ones. To evaluate postural strain in radiographers’, professional activity was simulated during bedside chest plain radiography performance.Bed-ridden chest X-ray examinations are generally performed by two radiographers. The simulations scenarios were recorded using photogrammetry methods, assessing postural variations of the main body segments (head/neck, upper arm, and trunk) (Kapitaniak et al. method, 2001). The main body angles of observed body segments were measured with dedicated software (Kinovea, version 0.8.15). The postures were classified into three categories according to European Standards (EN 1005-4:2005 + A1:2008): “acceptable”, “conditionally acceptable”, and “not acceptable” (British Standard, 2018).Results show demanding postures assumed by radiographers occurred during the X-ray tube manipulation requiring arm flexion, being more evident for radiographers that were shorter. Regarding patient handling, upper arm flexion was “not acceptable” when holding and pushing the patient by the shoulders. This arm posture may increase the risk of injuries especially since it is associated with high exertion of force and is repeated during the examination. In contrast, by supporting patients by scapula passing under the axilla, the constraint in the upper arm was reduced and the trunk flexion, even a bit more important, remain “acceptable”. This observation indicates that the need to train radiographers in manual patient handling. Unacceptable neck extensions can also be observed in the medium and smallest radiographers while handling the patient to probably have an overview (Cernean et al., 2017; Giger et al., 2008) and/or maintain a certain physical distance from the patient.Since bedside chest radiography is one of the most performed examinations requiring repeated movements and awkward posture, particular attention should be paid to biomechanical load. One strategy to reduce this physical constraint is the collaboration of both radiographers to lift the patient. Another one is changing the bedside radiography procedure, for instance raising the upper side of the bed to 45º, which will reduce the main risk factors doing the X-ray.Most of the radiographers self-associated conventional radiography practice with low back complaints, which is in line with previous studies in X-ray radiographers (Lorusso et al., 2007). This result was not surprising, even though the trunk posture was never classified as “not acceptable”, because the repetitive truck flexion with exertion of force to lift the patient may increase the risk of WRMSDs symptoms. Further research is needed to identify the demanding tasks responsible for symptoms.There is a lack of literature on the impact of anthropometric characteristics of radiographers performing X-rays, but mammography related studies showed that not adjustable radiological equipment to anthropometrics characteristics, is a physical risk factor, requiring radiographers to assume awkward postures possibly leading to WRMSDs symptoms (Cernean et al., 2017; Costa et al., 2014a). We dare to say there is a need to improve communication between users, equipment manufacturers, and designers to fit the needs of a wider range of radiographers' anthropometrics characteristics.
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Shi, Xianbo, Ruben Reininger, Manuel Sánchez del Río, Jun Qian, and Lahsen Assoufid. "X-ray optics simulation and beamline design using a hybrid method: diffraction-limited focusing mirrors." In SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, edited by Manuel Sanchez del Rio and Oleg Chubar. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2061950.

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Reports on the topic "X-ray simulation method"

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Mueller, Martin. The X-ray Power Density Spectrum of the Seyfert 2 Galaxy NGC 4945: Analysis and Application of the Method of Light Curve Simulations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1000376.

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Shomer, Ilan, Ruth E. Stark, Victor Gaba, and James D. Batteas. Understanding the hardening syndrome of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber tissue to eliminate textural defects in fresh and fresh-peeled/cut products. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7587238.bard.

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The project sought to understand factors and mechanisms involved in the hardening of potato tubers. This syndrome inhibits heat softening due to intercellular adhesion (ICA) strengthening, compromising the marketing of industrially processed potatoes, particularly fresh peeled-cut or frozen tubers. However, ICA strengthening occurs under conditions which are inconsistent with the current ideas that relate it to Ca-pectate following pectin methyl esterase (PME) activity or to formation of rhamnogalacturonan (RG)-II-borate. First, it was necessary to induce strengthening of the middle lamellar complex (MLX) and the ICA as a stress response in some plant parenchyma. As normally this syndrome does not occur uniformly enough to study it, we devised an efficient model in which ICA-strengthening is induced consistently under simulated stress by short-chain, linear, mono-carboxylic acid molecules (OAM), at 65 oC [appendix 1 (Shomer&Kaaber, 2006)]. This rapid strengthening was insufficient for allowing the involved agents assembly to be identifiable; but it enabled us to develop an efficient in vitro system on potato tuber parenchyma slices at 25 ºC for 7 days, whereas unified stress was reliably simulated by OAMs in all the tissue cells. Such consistent ICA-strengthening in vitro was found to be induced according to the unique physicochemical features of each OAM as related to its lipophilicity (Ko/w), pKa, protonated proportion, and carbon chain length by the following parameters: OAM dissociation constant (Kdiss), adsorption affinity constant (KA), number of adsorbed OAMs required for ICA response (cooperativity factor) and the water-induced ICA (ICAwater). Notably, ICA-strengthening is accompanied by cell sap leakage, reflecting cell membrane rupture. In vitro, stress simulation by OAMs at pH<pKa facilitated the consistent assembly of ICAstrengthening agents, which we were able to characterize for the first time at the molecular level within purified insoluble cell wall of ICA-strengthened tissue. (a) With solid-state NMR, we established the chemical structure and covalent binding to cell walls of suberin-like agents associated exclusively with ICA strengthening [appendix 3 (Yu et al., 2006)]; (b) Using proteomics, 8 isoforms of cell wall-bound patatin (a soluble vacuolar 42-kDa protein) were identified exclusively in ICA-strengthened tissue; (c) With light/electron microscopy, ultrastructural characterization, histochemistry and immunolabeling, we co-localized patatin and pectin in the primary cell wall and prominently in the MLX; (d) determination of cell wall composition (pectin, neutral sugars, Ca-pectate) yielded similar results in both controls and ICA-strengthened tissue, implicating factors other than PME activity, Ca2+ or borate ions; (e) X-ray powder diffraction experiments revealed that the cellulose crystallinity in the cell wall is masked by pectin and neutral sugars (mainly galactan), whereas heat or enzymatic pectin degradation exposed the crystalline cellulose structure. Thus, we found that exclusively in ICA-strengthened tissue, heat-resistant pectin is evident in the presence of patatin and suberinlike agents, where the cellulose crystallinity was more hidden than in fresh control tissue. Conclusions: Stress response ICA-strengthening is simulated consistently by OAMs at pH< pKa, although PME and formation of Ca-pectate and RG-II-borate are inhibited. By contrast, at pH>pKa and particularly at pH 7, ICA-strengthening is mostly inhibited, although PME activity and formation of Ca-pectate or RG-II-borate are known to be facilitated. We found that upon stress, vacuolar patatin is released with cell sap leakage, allowing the patatin to associate with the pectin in both the primary cell wall and the MLX. The stress response also includes formation of covalently bound suberin-like polyesters within the insoluble cell wall. The experiments validated the hypotheses, thus led to a novel picture of the structural and molecular alterations responsible for the textural behavior of potato tuber. These findings represent a breakthrough towards understanding of the hardening syndrome, laying the groundwork for potato-handling strategies that assure textural quality of industrially processed particularly in fresh peeled cut tubers, ready-to-prepare and frozen preserved products.
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