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Journal articles on the topic 'Xam (South Africa)'

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1

McGranaghan, Mark. "‘HUNTERS-WITH-SHEEP’: THE |XAM BUSHMEN OF SOUTH AFRICA BETWEEN PASTORALISM AND FORAGING." Africa 85, no. 3 (2015): 521–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972015000297.

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ABSTRACTThe ability of hunting and gathering populations to adopt herding forms of subsistence constitutes the crux of a long-standing debate in southern African archaeological and anthropological scholarship concerning the spread of livestock to the subcontinent. This article takes as a detailed case study the subsistence strategies of the nineteenth-century ǀXam Bushmen of the Northern Cape (South Africa), extracted from a transcription of the entirety of the Bleek–Lloyd Archive. It focuses on ǀXam characterization of and relationships with the various domesticated species that shared their
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McGranaghan, Mark. "Foragers on the Frontiers: the /Xam Bushmen of the Northern Cape, South Africa, in the Nineteenth Century." Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa 47, no. 3 (2012): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0067270x.2012.707485.

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McGranaghan, Mark. "‘My Name did Float Along the Road’: Naming Practices and |Xam Bushman Identities in the 19th-century Karoo (South Africa)." African Studies 74, no. 3 (2015): 270–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00020184.2015.1067999.

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4

Burger, Bibi. "A Necklace of Springbok Ears. /Xam Orality and South African Literature." Tydskrif vir Letterkunde 54, no. 1 (2017): 260–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/tvl.v.54i1.19.

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5

Biesele, Megan. "South African /Xam Bushman Traditions and their Relationship to Further Khoisan Folklore." Folklore 127, no. 1 (2016): 110–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0015587x.2015.1131447.

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6

Nicholls, Brendon. "Practical Magic: Shapeshifting As Survival Tactic." New Formations 104, no. 104 (2021): 128–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3898/newf:104-105.06.2021.

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This article argues for a decolonising, democratic engagement with environmental knowledges formed outside the academy in the Global South. Drawing upon Bruno Latour's claim that our contemporary environmental precarity was first trialled upon colonised peoples, I argue that historically remote – and even conceptually obscure – African popular knowledges should be treated as forms of theory in their own right. Sigmund Freud's teleological account of animism – inspired by Edward Burnett Tylor – saw animism as an evolutionary stage in the development of universal reason. Refusing Freud's and Tyl
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Nicholls, Brendon. "Practical Magic: Shapeshifting As Survival Tactic." New Formations 104, no. 104 (2021): 128–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3898/newf:103-104.06.2021.

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This article argues for a decolonising, democratic engagement with environmental knowledges formed outside the academy in the Global South. Drawing upon Bruno Latour's claim that our contemporary environmental precarity was first trialled upon colonised peoples, I argue that historically remote – and even conceptually obscure – African popular knowledges should be treated as forms of theory in their own right. Sigmund Freud's teleological account of animism – inspired by Edward Burnett Tylor – saw animism as an evolutionary stage in the development of universal reason. Refusing Freud's and Tyl
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Tall, H., C. Tékété, A. Comte, et al. "Characterization of senegalese races of Xanthomonas oryzae PV. oryzae to identify resistance genes to use." Journal of Plant Science and Phytopathology 6, no. 3 (2022): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001087.

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Bacterial blight (BB), is a disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae PV. oryzae (Xoo), was first reported in Senegal by Trinh in 1980. BB represents a severe threat to rice cultivation in West Africa. Characterizing the pathotypic diversity of bacterial populations is a key to the management of pathogen-resistant varieties. Pathogenicity tests show that all strains are virulent on the susceptible rice variety Azucena, and interact differentially with twelve near-isogenic rice lines, each carrying a single resistance gene. On this rice panel, six races were identified, two of which were previously
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Nekhoroshkov, Pavel, Jacques Bezuidenhout, Inga Zinicovscaia, Nikita Yushin, Konstantin Vergel, and Marina Frontasyeva. "Levels of Elements in Typical Mussels from the Southern Coast of Africa (Namibia, South Africa, Mozambique): Safety Aspect." Water 13, no. 22 (2021): 3238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13223238.

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The soft tissues of mussels are often used as the main food source, especially in coastal areas. Neutron Activation Analysis was used to measure the content of 24 macro- and microelements in the soft tissues and 18 elements in the shells of selected sets of mussels of the species Mytilus galloprovincialis. The mussels were collected in 8 polluted and 4 pristine zones, which included Namibia, the west and east coasts of South Africa, and Mozambique. According to factor analysis Co, Ni, Zn, As, Se, Br, I, Sb could have anthropogenic origin. The concentrations of elements such as Cr, As, Se and p
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10

Sowa, Katrin. "Cultural Profiling During Passport Control: Ugandan Migration Officers’ Informal Selection Practices." Sociologus 70, no. 1 (2020): 73–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/soc.70.1.73.

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Abstract Recently, northern Uganda has become a destination for inner-African immigration. As a result of new security policies, passport controls are intensifying at border posts and are being expanded across the country. During passport checks, officers often refer to natio­nal-cultural stereotypes in order to verify statements in identity documents. Stereotyping and profiling of ‘Somalian terrorists’ or ‘militant South Sudanese’ are used as pre-selection tools. At the same time, officers try to establish informal networks with immigrants
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Mabokela, Koena Ronny, Mpho Primus, and Turgay Celik. "Explainable Pre-Trained Language Models for Sentiment Analysis in Low-Resourced Languages." Big Data and Cognitive Computing 8, no. 11 (2024): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bdcc8110160.

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Sentiment analysis is a crucial tool for measuring public opinion and understanding human communication across digital social media platforms. However, due to linguistic complexities and limited data or computational resources, it is under-represented in many African languages. While state-of-the-art Afrocentric pre-trained language models (PLMs) have been developed for various natural language processing (NLP) tasks, their applications in eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) remain largely unexplored. In this study, we propose a novel approach that combines Afrocentric PLMs with XAI tech
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12

Zhou, Helper, Lucy T. Chamba, and Robert W. D. Zondo. "Application of Explainable Artificial Intelligence technique to model the predictors of South African SMMEs resilient performance during the Covid-19 pandemic." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 13, no. 1 (2024): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v13i1.3072.

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Various studies have been carried out to establish the key drivers impacting small enterprise sustainable performance in developing countries. Despite many policy-oriented studies to uncover the factors influencing SME resilience in emerging markets, these firms continue to register high failure rate, which has been further exacerbated by the Covid-19 pandemic. Guided by a history of linear- and log-linear econometric model estimation that ignores potential network effects, our study extends the literature by implicating SMME resilience as a production network. Utilising data from both incubat
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13

de Villiers-Human, Suzanne. "Conceptions of iconicity and their historical reorientations: Pippa Skotnes's horse skeletons and the topos of the Annunciation." Image & Text, no. 37 (August 2, 2023): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2617-3255/2023/n37a4.

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How has art practise historically displayed, enhanced and interrogated its contemporaneous definitions of the nature of images? The focus is on the contemporary South African artist, Pippa Skotnes's horse skeletons, in resonance with a constellation of select Renaissance Annunciation paintings, to highlight the impact of the Eucharist and "real presence" on early modern, modern and post-modern notions of what images have been assumed to be. My comparative interpretation of the diverse works distinguishes their peculiar image functions from systematic and historical perspectives. I show that, w
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14

Giovannini, M. G., L. Poulter, B. W. Gibson, and D. H. Williams. "Biosynthesis and degradation of peptides derived from Xenopus laevis prohormones." Biochemical Journal 243, no. 1 (1987): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2430113.

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Peptides present in the skin secretion of the South African frog, Xenopus laevis, have been analysed by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and h.p.l.c. in the mass range 500-3200 Da. We have investigated the effects of successive glandular secretions induced by noradrenaline injections on these peptide levels and have found that the replenishment of the whole range of peptides is complete within 2-6 days. Intact secretory vesicles free of cellular contaminants contain a relatively large number of peptides with molecular masses in the range 2400-2700 Da. We have termed these peptides prima
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15

Agbehadji, Israel Edem, and Ibidun Christiana Obagbuwa. "Integration of Explainable Artificial Intelligence into Hybrid Long Short-Term Memory and Adaptive Kalman Filter for Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Prediction in Kimberley, South Africa." Atmosphere 16, no. 5 (2025): 523. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16050523.

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Air pollution remains one of the environmental issues affecting some countries, which leads to health issues globally. Though several machine learning and deep learning models are used to analyze air pollutants, model interpretability is a challenge. Also, the dynamic and time-varying nature of air pollutants often creates noise in measurements, making air pollutant prediction (e.g., Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) concentration) inaccurate, which influences a model’s performance. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly explainable AI, offer transparency and trust in the deep le
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16

Adewuyi, Ademola, Ayodeji Ajuwon, Tolulope Joyce Oladuji, and Abiola Oyeronke Akintobi. "Advances in Financial Inclusion Models: Expanding Access to Credit through AI and Data Analytics." International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Studies 3, no. 6 (2023): 1827–42. https://doi.org/10.62225/2583049x.2023.3.6.4403.

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Advances in financial inclusion models are rapidly transforming access to credit for underserved populations through the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and data analytics. Traditional credit scoring systems often exclude individuals and small businesses lacking formal financial histories, particularly in emerging markets. However, AI-driven models that utilize alternative data sources such as mobile phone usage, social media activity, e-commerce behavior, utility payments, and geospatial data are reshaping the landscape of credit risk assessment. These models offer dynamic and ada
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17

Bukhari, Syeda Tehmina, Muhammad Rafiq-uz-Zaman, and Sumera Bano. "Analysing the Impact of Education Policies and Their Implementation on the School Education System in Punjab, Pakistan." Inverge Journal of Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (2025): 98–110. https://doi.org/10.63544/ijss.v4i1.136.

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In Punjab, Pakistan, a province whose educational outcomes are pivotal to national development, the school system continues to struggle with significant challenges in access, quality, and equity. Despite a long history of ambitious education policies, a persistent and critical gap exists between policy intentions and their practical implementation, leaving many students without quality learning opportunities and teachers without adequate support. This narrative review analyzes the landscape of education policy and reform since 2001, synthesizing a wide body of evidence from policy documents, p
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18

Holbrook, J., and Prada-Samper J. Μ. de. "|XAM SKYLORE OF THE KAROO DESERT, SOUTH AFRICA." January 30, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.220903.

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The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) will be the largest radio telescope facility in Africa when it is completed which is estimated to be a decade into the future. The |Xam group of the San people of South Africa lived in the region of the Karoo Desert where the Square Kilometre Array is being built. Several European countries are part of the SKA collaboration (Spain, Sweden, Italy, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Portugal, Malta, France), Asian countries (China, India, Japan, and South Korea), the Americas (Brazil, USA, and Canada), Russia, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa, making up
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19

Saptouw, F. "A Case Study of the Digital Translation of the Lucy Lloyd and Wilhelm Bleek |Xam and !Kun Notebooks into The Digital Bleek and Lloyd." February 5, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4506452.

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This paper will examine the digitization process of the |Xam and !Kun notebooks, authored by Lucy Lloyd, Dorothea Bleek and Wilhelm Bleek, and their collaborators |a!kunta, ||kabbo, ≠kasin, Dia!kwain, !kweiten ta ||ken, |han≠kass'o, !nanni, Tamme, |uma, and Da during the 19th century. Detail will be provided about the status of the archive, the creation of the digital archive and selected research projects linked to the archive. The Digital Bleek and Lloyd project is an example of institutional collaboration by the University of Cape Town, University of South Africa, Iziko South Afri
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20

Lambert, Michael. "THE SACRED POWER OF FAT AND HONEY IN SAN AND ANCIENT GREEK MYTH AND RITUAL." Akroterion 67 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.7445/67--1049.

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In this paper, I attempt a comparison between the sacred significance of fat and honey in the myths and rituals of the San peoples of southern Africa and the ancient Greeks. As Biesele (1993) and Lewis-Williams (2015) have convincingly demonstrated, the creation narratives of the diverse linguistic groups which constitute the /Xam (San) peoples of southern Africa, arguably the first peoples to call this country ‘home’, reveal strong links between the gathering and possession of animal fat and honey, and access to spiritual power. In ancient Greek mythology, as is well known from Callimachus an
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21

Antonites, Alexander, Annie R. Antonites, Christian E. Peterson, Tyron Hopf, and Ndukuyakhe Ndlovu. "New evidence for early Indian Ocean trade routes into the South African interior." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 122, no. 5 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2419077122.

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The rise and spread of ancient Indian Ocean Rim (IOR) trade networks profoundly impacted southern Africa. Control over this trade played a critical role in the rise and maintenance of complex societies of the second millennium CE such as Mapungubwe and Great Zimbabwe. While the African origins of this trade lie in the first millennium CE, understanding its earliest phases and subsequent development in the far south has been hampered by a general paucity of research. The recovery of Persian Gulf ceramic sherds and Asian glass beads from the Letaba region of northeastern South Africa demonstrate
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22

Wessels, Michael. "Sigrid Schmidt: South African /Xam Bushman Traditions and Their Relationships to Further Khoisan Folklore. 2013." Fabula 57, no. 1-2 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fabula-2016-0029.

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23

Solomon, Anne. "‘Everything has a history’." Hunter Gatherer Research, December 22, 2023, 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/hgr.2023.10.

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Differences between the myths, lore and rituals of southern African huntergatherers are often subordinated to supposed similarities. However, the lore of southern San groups and the ǀXam of the Northern Cape in particular, centre on ideas about water and rainmaking, rain creatures and an underwater realm. These ideas are notably absent from the lore of the Kalahari Juǀ'hoan in Botswana and Namibia. This has implications for analogies used to interpret the /xam testimonies and South African rock art, but also points to problems in understanding change in belief, lore and practices. These are es
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24

Muñoz Bodnar, Alejandra, Leidy Mariel Cruz Gómez, Adriana Bernal, Boris Szurek, and Camilo Ernesto López Carrascal. "COMPARING INOCULATION METHODS TO EVALUATE THE GROWTH OF Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis ON CASSAVA PLANTS." Acta Biológica Colombiana 20, no. 2 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/abc.v20n2.43130.

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<p class="ecxmsonormal"><em>Xanthomonas axonopodis </em>pv. manihotis (<em>Xam</em>) is the causal agent of cassava bacterial blight (CBB), a major disease for cassava crops in South America and Africa. Until now the development of the disease is measured via AUDPC (Area Under Disease Progress Curve) but no reliable quantitative methods are available probably due to high variability of bacterial growth <em>in planta</em>. To establish an accurate method for bacterial quantification during the course of <em>Xam</em> infection within the host
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25

Maluleke, Nkhensani. "We want to teach translingually: The teachers' dilemma." Journal for Language Teaching 58, no. 1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.56285/jltvol58iss1a6561.

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This article critically analyses the implementation of the language policy in a South African school concerning Grade 3 reading instruction. The study employs a qualitative method, conducting classroom observations and semi-structured interviews with three Grade 3 teachers over five days. The findings offer insights into teachers' challenges in reconciling their language ideologies with the school's language policies. The teachers fluidly use both Xitsonga and English to explain concepts, disregarding the formal language of instruction. However, using Xitsonga and English in reading lessons co
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