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Journal articles on the topic 'Xanthines'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Inamoto, Kiyofumi, Maki Shimizu, Noboru Hayama, and Tetsutaro Kimachi. "Copper-Catalyzed Intramolecular C–H Amination: A New Entry to Substituted Xanthine Derivatives." Synthesis 49, no. 18 (2017): 4183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1588821.

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Catalytic synthesis of xanthines was achieved in the presence of a copper catalyst. The process involves copper-catalyzed intramolecular C–H amination of benzamidines that possess a uracil moiety and produces variously substituted xanthines generally in good to high yields. This work introduces a new, facile approach to polysubstituted xanthine compounds.

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2

Woziwodzka, Anna, Marta Krychowiak-Maśnicka, Grzegorz Gołuński, et al. "Modulatory Effects of Caffeine and Pentoxifylline on Aromatic Antibiotics: A Role for Hetero-Complex Formation." Molecules 26, no. 12 (2021): 3628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26123628.

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Antimicrobial resistance is a major healthcare threat globally. Xanthines, including caffeine and pentoxifylline, are attractive candidates for drug repurposing, given their well-established safety and pharmacological profiles. This study aimed to analyze potential interactions between xanthines and aromatic antibiotics (i.e., tetracycline and ciprofloxacin), and their impact on antibiotic antibacterial activity. UV-vis spectroscopy, statistical-thermodynamical modeling, and isothermal titration calorimetry were used to quantitatively evaluate xanthine-antibiotic interactions. The antibacteria

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3

GLOGOWSKI, JAN, DOUGLAS R. DANFORTH, and ANDRZEJ CIERESZKO. "Inhibition of Alkaline Phosphatase Activity of Boar Semen by Pentoxifylline, Caffeine, and Theophylline." Journal of Andrology 23, no. 6 (2002): 783–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1939-4640.2002.tb02334.x.

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ABSTRACT: Methyl xanthines have been used frequently as additives to sperm suspensions in order to improve sperm characteristics. The mechanism of action on spermatozoa is generally assumed to be inhibition of sperm phosphodiesterase activity, resulting in elevation of complementary adenosine monophosphate levels in spermatozoa. The present study was designed to examine the effect of methyl xanthines (pentoxifylline, caffeine, and theophylline) on another important enzyme system, alkaline phosphatase, in boar seminal plasma and spermatozoa. Inhibition of sperm alkaline phosphatase could be dis

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4

&NA;. "Xanthines see Ephedrine/xanthines." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 337 (1991): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199103370-00055.

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5

Gibson, Christopher M., and Patrick W. Fowler. "Aromaticity of caffeine, xanthine and the dimethyl xanthines." Tetrahedron Letters 55, no. 13 (2014): 2078–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.02.027.

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6

&NA;. "Xanthines." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 307 (1990): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199003070-00041.

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7

Aleksandrova, K. V., Ye S. Pruhlo, Ye K. Mykhalchenko, O. S. Shkoda, and O. Yu Cherchesova. "Search for potential hypoglycemic agents among potassium salts of 3-benzyl-8-substituted xanthines." Current issues in pharmacy and medicine: science and practice 15, no. 3 (2022): 266–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14739/2409-2932.2022.3.253385.

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Nowadays, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) is a serious problem among the world’s population. Metabolic syndrome includes the so-called “deadly” quartet – hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus (diabetes mellitus), dyslipidemia and alimentary obesity. After all, type 2 diabetes is included in the list of pathologies of the metabolic syndrome, it is important to find ways to alleviate the disease. Derivatives of such a heterocyclic system as xanthine are of great interest in this aspect. The aim of the study was to explore the hypoglycemic activity of newly synthesized water-soluble de

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8

Sánchez-Eleuterio, Alma, Carlos Mendoza-Merlos, Ricardo Corona Sánchez та ін. "Experimental and Theoretical Studies on Acid Corrosion Inhibition of API 5L X70 Steel with Novel 1-N-α-d-Glucopyranosyl-1H-1,2,3-Triazole Xanthines". Molecules 28, № 1 (2023): 460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28010460.

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A series of novel 1-N-α-d-glucopyranosyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole xanthines was synthesized from azido sugars (glucose, galactose, and lactose) and propargyl xanthines (theophylline and theobromine) using a typical copper (I)-catalyzed azide–alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. The corrosion inhibition activities of these new carbohydrate-xanthine compounds were evaluated by studying the corrosion of API 5 L X70 steel in a 1 M HCl medium. The results showed that, at 10 ppm, a 90% inhibition efficiency was reached by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The inhibitory efficiency of these molecules is

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9

Cazzola, Mario, Luigino Calzetta, Peter J. Barnes, et al. "Efficacy and safety profile of xanthines in COPD: a network meta-analysis." European Respiratory Review 27, no. 148 (2018): 180010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0010-2018.

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Theophylline can still have a role in the management of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but its use remains controversial, mainly due to its narrow therapeutic window. Doxofylline, another xanthine, is an effective bronchodilator and displays a better safety profile than theophylline. Therefore, we performed a quantitative synthesis to compare the efficacy and safety profile of different xanthines in COPD.The primary end-point of this meta-analysis was the impact of xanthines on lung function. In addition, we assessed the risk of adverse events by normalising data on safet

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10

&NA;. "Theophylline/xanthines." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 403 (1992): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199204030-00031.

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11

&NA;. "Ephedrine/xanthines." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 337 (1991): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199103370-00027.

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12

Bridson, Peter K., and Xiaodong Wang. "1-Substituent Xanthines." Synthesis 1995, no. 07 (1995): 855–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-1995-4017.

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13

Rodgers, Gary R., and William J. P. Neish. "Linear expanded xanthines." Monatshefte f�r Chemie Chemical Monthly 117, no. 6-7 (1986): 879–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00810080.

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14

&NA;. "Xanthines see Dipyridamole interaction." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 307 (1990): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199003070-00042.

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15

Mourya, Shruti, Ramesh Bodla, Ravikant Taurean, and Akanksha Sharma. "Simultaneous estimation of xanthine alkaloids (Theophylline, Theobromine and Caffeine) by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography." International Journal of Drug Regulatory Affairs 7, no. 2 (2019): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ijdra.v7i2.315.

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Methylxanthines are mainly a group of phytochemicals which are derived from purine base xanthine. These xanthines are obtained from plant as a result of secondary metabolism. There are various physiological actions that have been attributed to these derivatives in neurogenerative diseases, respiratory diseases, cancer and diabetes. The aim of this study is to develop a suitable qualitative and quantitative method for these xanthine derivatives. HPLC method is suitable for simultaneous estimation of methylxanthines, based on their physicochemical properties. Theobromine, Theophylline and Caffei

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16

Rockitt, Sven, Rudolf Wartchow, Helmut Duddeck, Anna Drabczynska та Katarzyna Kiec-Kononowicz. "Modes of Xanthine Complexation to Dirhodium Tetrakis[(R)-α-methoxy-α- (trifluoromethyl)-phenylacetate] in Solution and in the Solid State". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 56, № 3 (2001): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2001-0317.

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Abstract It is show n by IR and NMR studies that the xanthines 1-5 prefer a side-on com plexation to the chiral dirhodium tetrakis[(R)-α-methoxy-α-(trifluoromethyl)phenylacetatel (Rh*) in solution whereas carbonyl groups are involved in the solid state. For 6, at least the carbonyl group C-6 contributes to complexation in solution as well. A lternating strands of 6 and Rh* exist in the solid state as revealed by X-ray diffraction analysis described in detail. The determination of enantiomeric excess of the chiral xanthine 6 can easily be accomplished by the “dirhodium method ” (1H and 13C NMR

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17

Barlinski, J., A. Lockhart, and N. Frossard. "Modulation by theophylline and enprofylline of the excitatory non-cholinergic transmission in guinea-pig bronchi." European Respiratory Journal 5, no. 10 (1992): 1201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.93.05101201.

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The mechanism of action of xanthines in asthma remains controversial. Since sensory innervation may play a role in the pathogenesis of asthma, we investigated whether xanthines were capable of reducing the contractile response of the bronchi to nerve stimulation. In guinea-pig bronchi in vitro, electrical field stimulation (EFS: 40 V, 16 Hz, 0.2 ms during 10 s) induces a rapid cholinergic contraction followed by a long-lasting contraction due to a local release of neuropeptides from C-fibre endings. We measured isometric neuronally-mediated contractions of bronchial smooth muscle and studied t

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18

Levi-Schaffer, Francesca, and Elka Touitou. "Xanthines Inhibit 3T3 Fibroblast Proliferation." Skin Pharmacology and Physiology 4, no. 4 (1991): 286–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000210963.

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19

BRIDSON, P. K., and X. WANG. "ChemInform Abstract: 1-Substituted Xanthines." ChemInform 26, no. 49 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199549196.

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20

Cable, Karl M. "Syntheses of isotopically labelled xanthines." Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals 50, no. 5-6 (2007): 509–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlcr.1229.

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21

Persson, Carl G. A., та Birgitta Gustafsson. "Tracheal relaxation from combinations of xanthines and of aβ 2-receptor agonist and xanthines". Lung 164, № 1 (1986): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02713627.

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22

Nagel, Wolfram, and Uri Katz. "Xanthine derivatives without PDE effect stimulate voltage-activated chloride conductance of toad skin." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 284, no. 2 (2003): C521—C527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00276a.2002.

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The effect of xanthine derivatives on the voltage-activated Cl− conductance ( G Cl) of amphibian skin was analyzed. 3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) and the recently synthesized xanthine derivatives 3,7-dimethyl-1-propyl xanthine (X-32) and 3,7-dimethyl-1-isobutyl xanthine (X-33), which lack inhibitory effects on phosphodiesterases in CHO and Calu-3 cells, increased voltage-activated G Cl without effect on baseline conductance at inactivating voltage. Half-maximal stimulation of G Cl occurred at 108 ± 9 μM for X-32 and X-33 after apical or basolateral application. The stimulation of G Cl, wh

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23

Camiruaga, Ander, Imanol Usabiaga, Viola C. D’mello, Gustavo A. García, Sanjay Wategaonkar, and José A. Fernández. "Revisiting the spectroscopy of xanthine derivatives: theobromine and theophylline." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, no. 48 (2019): 26430–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cp05068j.

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24

Kasabova-Angelova, Alexandra, Diana Tzankova, Javor Mitkov, et al. "Xanthine Derivatives as Agents Affecting Non-dopaminergic Neuroprotection in Parkinson’s Disease." Current Medicinal Chemistry 27, no. 12 (2020): 2021–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867325666180821153316.

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Parkinson&#039;s Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative and debilitating disease that affects 1% of the elderly population. Patient’s motor disability results in extreme difficulty to deal with daily activities. Conventional treatment is limited to dopamine replacement therapy, which fails to delay disease’s progression and is often associated with a number of adverse reactions. Recent progress in understanding the mechanisms involved in PD has revealed new molecular targets for therapeutic approaches. Among them, caffeine and xanthine derivatives are promising drug candidates, because of the

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25

Changenet-Barret, Pascale, Lajos Kovács, Dimitra Markovitsi, and Thomas Gustavsson. "Xanthines Studied via Femtosecond Fluorescence Spectroscopy." Molecules 21, no. 12 (2016): 1668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules21121668.

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26

Vree, T. B., L. Riemens, and P. M. Koopman-Kimenai. "High-performance liquid chromatography of xanthines." Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 428 (January 1988): 311–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4347(00)83922-5.

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27

PERSSON, C., and A. DRACO. "Xanthines as airway anti-inflammatory drugs." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 81, no. 3 (1988): 615–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0091-6749(88)90203-5.

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28

Navarrete Casas, R., A. García Rodriguez, F. Rey Bueno, A. Espínola Lara, C. Valenzuela Calahorro, and A. Navarrete Guijosa. "Interactions of xanthines with activated carbon." Applied Surface Science 252, no. 17 (2006): 6022–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2005.11.020.

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29

Navarrete Casas, R., A. García Rodríguez, F. Rey Bueno, A. Espínola Lara, C. Valenzuela Calahorro, and A. Navarrete Guijosa. "Interactions of xanthines with activated carbon." Applied Surface Science 252, no. 17 (2006): 6026–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2005.11.021.

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30

Gulevskaya, A. V., and A. F. Pozharskii. "Synthesis of N-substituted xanthines (review)." Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds 27, no. 1 (1991): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00633208.

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31

Troke, J. A. "Approaches to the labelling of xanthines." International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part A. Applied Radiation and Isotopes 39, no. 6 (1988): 540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0883-2889(88)90257-2.

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32

Sahnoun, Sophian, Samir Messaoudi, Jean-Daniel Brion, and Mouâd Alami. "Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Benzylation of Xanthines." ChemCatChem 3, no. 5 (2011): 893–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201000439.

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33

Liubchak, Kostiantyn, Andrey Tolmachev, Oleksandr O. Grygorenko, and Kostiantyn Nazarenko. "An approach to alicyclic ring-fused xanthines." Tetrahedron 68, no. 41 (2012): 8564–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2012.08.014.

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34

Valero, F., R. De la Torre, and J. Segura. "Abus des xanthines dans le sport: dyphylline." Science & Sports 7, no. 2 (1992): 121–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0765-1597(05)80183-2.

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35

Miyamoto, Ken-Ichi, Ryosuke Sakai, Yasunori Yamamoto, et al. "Selective Bronchodilators from 1-(5′-Oxohexyl)xanthines." Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 44, no. 11 (1992): 888–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1992.tb03230.x.

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36

He, Rongjun, Shi Min Ching, and Yulin Lam. "Traceless Solid-Phase Synthesis of Substituted Xanthines." Journal of Combinatorial Chemistry 8, no. 6 (2006): 923–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cc060092+.

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37

Martof, Mary T., and Dorothy K. Knox. "The Effect of Xanthines on Fluid Balance." Clinical Nursing Research 6, no. 2 (1997): 186–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105477389700600207.

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38

Heizmann, Gerhard, and Alex N. Eberle. "Xanthines as a scaffold for molecular diversity." Molecular Diversity 2, no. 3 (1997): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01682205.

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39

GULEVSKAYA, A. V., and A. F. POZHARSKII. "ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of N-Substituted Xanthines." ChemInform 23, no. 6 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199206315.

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40

Sameera, Nazeer, Gul Farah, and Amin Fatima. "PRESCRIBING TRENDS AND UTILIZATION OF ANTI ASTHMATIC DRUGS IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITALS OF LAHORE PAKISTAN." International Journal of Medical Research and Pharmaceutical Sciences 4, no. 11 (2017): 9–15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1059410.

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<strong>Background:</strong> Asthma is fast spreading disease among the people in Pakistan. Basic aim of study was to observe current prevalence and prescribing pattern of anti-asthmatic drugs in Tertiary Care hospitals of Lahore. <strong>Methodology:</strong> A questionnaire based study was conducted from July to August 2017 in different Tertiary Care hospitals. 250 patients of asthma were selected by convenient random sampling. A questionnaire was designed and data collected was analyzed and results were represented in the form of graphs and tables. <strong>Results:</strong> Results showed t

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41

Kaviani, Narjes, Somayeh Behrouz, Abbas Ali Jafari, and Mohammad Navid Soltani Rad. "Functionalization of Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ nanoparticles with Cu(i)-thiosemicarbazone complex as a robust and efficient heterogeneous nanocatalyst for N-arylation of N-heterocycles with aryl halides." RSC Advances 13, no. 43 (2023): 30293–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3ra06327e.

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Synthesis, characterization, and application of functionalized silica-coated magnetite nanoparticles with Cu(i)-thiosemicarbazone complex for Ullmann-type N-arylation of nucleobases, xanthines, and other N-heterocycles with aryl halide are described.

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42

Alvarez-Lorenzo, C., A. Castiñeiras, A. Frontera, et al. "Recurrent motifs in pharmaceutical cocrystals involving glycolic acid: X-ray characterization, Hirshfeld surface analysis and DFT calculations." CrystEngComm 22, no. 40 (2020): 6674–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ce01064b.

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Crystallization studies on some pyridinecarboxamides and methylated xanthines with glycolic acid as coformer, were carried out on formation of synthons and their influence on stability and solubility, the energy landscape and stabilization energies.

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43

Mincsovics, Emil, Márta Garami, László Kecskés, et al. "Personal Overpressured-Layer Chromatography (OPLC) Basic System 50, Flexible Tool in Analytical and Semipreparative Work." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 82, no. 3 (1999): 587–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/82.3.587.

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Abstract A new automated overpressured-layer chromatographic (OPLC) system called the Personal OPLC Basic System 50 is suitable for analytical and semi preparative separations. The automatic microprocessor-controlled system ensures rapid and reproducible off-line isocratic and stepwise gradientseparations. High external pressure (5 MPa) makes the sorbent layer more homogeneous, yielding more efficient off-line separation compared with those by early Chrompres chambers. A theoretical plate height of 10–30 μm can be achieved on an analytical high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) la

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44

Ferretti, Valeria, Loretta Pretto, Mojgan Aghazadeh Tabrizi, and Valerio Bertolasi. "A structural study of new potent and selective antagonists to the A2B adenosine receptor." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 61, no. 5 (2005): 569–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768105021312.

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Xanthines, including the natural derivatives theophylline and caffeine, are non-selective antagonists of adenosine. They are able to bind with good affinity to all four adenosine-receptor subtypes A1, A2A, A2B and A3. In order to develop new drugs with few side effects, over the last few years many efforts have been devoted to the discovery of new adenosine antagonists with enhanced selectivity properties. The present paper reports the crystal structures of five new xanthinic derivatives, which display different affinities and selectivity properties towards the A2B receptor. Besides the crysta

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45

Kapri, Anandi, Nitin Gupta, and Sumitra Nain. "Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Xanthines: A Short Review." Scientifica 2022 (November 8, 2022): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8239931.

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Xanthine and its derivatives are considered a pharmacologically potential moiety that manifests immense biological activities. Owing to this much diversity in the biological field, this scaffold has fascinated the attention of many researchers around the globe to scrutinize its basic structure chemically as well as biologically. In recent years, xanthine derivatives have been used therapeutically in different pathological conditions due to their presence in day-to-day life. Herein, we review the recent progress in the synthesis of xanthine and its derivatives. Some of the widely used synthetic

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46

&NA;. "Data do not support xanthines for COPD exacerbations." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 1406 (2003): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-200314060-00023.

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47

Jacobs, Ayesha, and Francoise M. Amombo Noa. "Co-crystals of vanillic acid with methylated xanthines." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 71, a1 (2015): s461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273315093195.

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48

Müller, Christa E. "General Synthesis and Properties of 1-Monosubstituted Xanthines." Synthesis 1993, no. 01 (1993): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-1993-25814.

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49

Arnold, Ruth, David Beer, Gurdip Bhalay, et al. "8-Aryl xanthines potent inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 5." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 12, no. 18 (2002): 2587–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00480-8.

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50

Mikulski, Chester M., Scott Grossman, and Nicholas M. Karayannis. "Zirconium(IV) oxochloride complexes with xanthines and hypoxanthine." Journal of the Less Common Metals 136, no. 1 (1987): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088(87)90007-5.

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