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Journal articles on the topic 'Xanthomas'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Cantarella, Giovanna, Angelo Valerio Marzano, Cesare Bartolomeo Neglia, and Antonio Ottaviani. "Bilateral Laryngeal Pseudoparalysis in Xanthoma Disseminatum Treated by Endoscopic Laser Medial Arytenoidectomy." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 110, no. 3 (2001): 263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348940111000311.

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Xanthoma disseminatum is a rare non-Langerhans' cell histiocytosis, characterized by papular cutaneous eruption, possible mucosal involvement, and frequent association with vasopressin-sensitive diabetes insipidus. Herein we report a case of xanthoma disseminatum with pharyngolaryngeal involvement. In this patient, mucosal xanthomas involving the arytenoid cartilages and the interarytenoid area resulted in laryngeal stenosis and severe impairment of both cricoarytenoid joints' motility. Endoscopic CO2 laser medial arytenoidectomy, according to the technique described by Crumley (1993), and vap

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2

Gupta, Deepika, Manju Kaushal, and Swasti Jain. "Multiple tuberous xanthomas diagnosed on fine-needle aspiration cytology – Report of a rare case." Cytojournal 19 (June 7, 2022): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/cytojournal_86_2020.

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Xanthomas are papulonodular skin lesions present in lipoprotein metabolism disorders, which result in cholesterol deposits in subcutaneous tissue, tendons, ligaments, periosteum, etc. A 28-year-old male presented with multiple soft-tissue swellings, prominently over joints. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) from multiple sites had similar appearance with foamy histocytes and giant cells. We describe an unusual case of tendinous and tuberous xanthoma diagnosed by cytology. Acquaintance with FNA cytology findings in xanthomas can help to avoid the need of surgical biopsy, as xanthomas can regress on

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3

Muthusamy, Kalai A., Khairul Azmi, Prepageran Narayanan, Raman Rajagopalan, Nazarina Abdul Rahman, and Vicknes Waran. "Bilateral temporal bone xanthoma." Journal of Neurosurgery 108, no. 2 (2008): 361–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns/2008/108/2/0361.

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✓Xanthoma formation is frequently seen over the subcutaneous tissue of extensor surfaces and tendons that have received minor trauma or friction in patients with hypercholesterolemia. However, temporal bone xanthomas with intracranial extension are uncommon. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the second report in the literature in which bilateral extension of a xanthoma is described. Xanthomas of the temporal bone are benign lesions, and complete or even partial removal is effective. The predisposing cause of the lesion should also be treated.

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4

Mirzanli, Cuneyt, Cem Zeki Esenyel, Kahraman Ozturk, Alican Baris, and Yunus Imren. "Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis Presenting with Bilateral Achilles Tendon Xanthomata." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 103, no. 2 (2013): 152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/1030152.

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Xanthomas are described as deposits in the skin and subcutaneous tissues. Mostly known as pseudotumors, xanthomas consist of connective tissue containing mainly cholesterol, triglycerides, and numerous foamy macrophages. Bilateral Achilles tendon xanthomata is pathognomonic for cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis in the case of normal cholesterol levels but increased cholestanol levels in serum. In this article, we present findings regarding bilateral xanthomas of Achilles tendons in a patient with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 103(2): 152–155, 2013)

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5

Szalat, Raphael, Bertrand Arnulf, Lionel Karlin, et al. "Pathogenesis and treatment of xanthomatosis associated with monoclonal gammopathy." Blood 118, no. 14 (2011): 3777–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2011-05-356907.

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Abstract Xanthomas are a common manifestation of lipid metabolism disorders. They include hyperlipemic xanthoma, normolipemic xanthoma, and a related condition, necrobiotic xanthogranuloma (NXG). All 3 forms can be associated with monoclonal immunoglobulin (MIg). In an attempt to improve diagnosis, understanding, and treatment of this association, we retrospectively analyzed a personal series of 24 patients (2 hyperlipemic xanthoma, 11 normolipemic xanthoma, and 11 NXG) and 230 well-documented reports from the literature. With the exception of the nodules and plaques featured in NXG, the clini

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6

Del Arco, Cristina Díaz, Ángel Álvarez Sánchez, and M. Jesús Fernández Aceñero. "Non-gastric Gastrointestinal Xanthomas: Case Series and Literature Review." Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases 25, no. 3 (2016): 389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15403/jgld.2014.1121.253.xnt.

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Gastrointestinal xanthomas are infrequent non-neoplastic lesions characterized by the accumulation of foam cells in the lamina propria. They are commonly seen in association with dyslipidemia, chemotherapy or radiotherapy, and infections in immunosuppressed patients. However, no clear connection to hyperlipidemia has been found. They occur more frequently in the stomach, and are very rare in the small bowel and esophagus. We identified all cases of non-gastric xanthoma or xanthomatosis reported in the English literature by searching the PubMed database and retrospectively reviewed the clinical

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7

Iwamuro, Masaya, Takehiro Tanaka, Daisuke Takei, et al. "Two Cases of Rectal Xanthoma Presenting as Yellowish to Whitish Lesions during Colonoscopy." Case Reports in Gastrointestinal Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5975107.

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Two cases of rectal xanthomas are described. One case is that of a 56-year-old Japanese man in whom multiple yellowish spots measuring approximately 3 to 5 mm were observed in the rectum during colonoscopy. The other case is that of a 78-year-old Japanese man in whom colonoscopy showed a whitish plaque of 4 mm in diameter in the rectum. Biopsy examinations performed on both patients revealed the deposition of xanthoma cells within the rectal mucosa. Within the gastrointestinal tract, xanthomas most frequently arise in the stomach, whereas the colorectum is rarely affected. Despite this infrequ

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8

Shivananda, S., Vidya G. Doddawad, C. S. Vidya, and S. Sowmya. "Unusual presentation of primary central xanthoma of the maxilla associated with impacted canine: An update on immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis." Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology 28, no. 2 (2024): 332–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_303_23.

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Abstract A xanthoma is an extremely rare condition that affects the soft tissues and bones and is characterized by a predominance of lipid-rich foamy histiocytes. The onset of xanthomas is frequently accompanied by primary or secondary hyperlipidemia. Primary bone xanthomas are very uncommon benign bone lesions that are not linked to hyperlipidemia. Histopathologically, they are distinguished by histiocytes, an abundance of foam cells or xanthoma cells that contain lipids, and a paucity of multinucleated giant cells. There have only been four reports of primary maxillary xanthoma in the medica

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9

Almache, Oswaldo Núñez, Rómulo Lu de Lama, Eliana Chávez Tejada, et al. "Eruptive Xanthoma as Alarming Sign of Hypertriglyceridemia in Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus." International Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Case Reports 17, no. 3 (2024): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijmpcr/2024/v17i3391.

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Eruptive xanthomas may be the phenotypic expression of severe hypertriglyceridemia and are usually located on the surfaces of the extensor areas and buttocks. We present a case of eruptive xanthomas in the extensor areas of the arms and legs associated with severe hypertriglyceridemia in an adolescent diagnosed with diabetes mellitus who was admitted for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). After the management of DKA, the use of maintenance insulin therapy and lipid-lowering agents were initiated with a marked reduction in triglycerides and significant improvement in eruptive xanthomas. Proper manage

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10

Dirweesh, Ahmed, Muhammad Khan, Sumera Bukhari, Cheryl Rimmer, and Robert Shmuts. "Nodular Esophageal Xanthoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature." Case Reports in Gastrointestinal Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1503967.

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Xanthomas are localized nonneoplastic lesions within tissues that may manifest as papules, plaques, or nodules. These lesions can be found anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract, commonly in the stomach and colon, and rarely in the small intestine and esophagus. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) with biopsy is the gold standard tool for diagnosis. Here, we report a rare case of a lower solitary nodular esophageal xanthoma in an elderly black female. Correspondingly, all cases of esophageal xanthomas reported in the English medical literature were reviewed and presented with the reported case

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11

Simonova, O. V., L. M. Mosiychuk, and O. P. Petishko. "Xanthomas and precancerous changes of the stomach: an accidental combination or an important prognostic endoscopic marker?" GASTROENTEROLOGY 57, no. 1 (2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2308-2097.57.1.2023.522.

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Background. The article deals with the study of gastric xanthomas, benign accidental formations with an unknown etiopathogenesis, which, according to the literature, are associated with a number of pathological conditions (atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, gastric cancer, dyslipidemia, etc.). The purpose was to study the prevalence of gastric xanthomas in patients with atrophic gastritis and to analyze their relationship with endoscopic changes in the stomach, including precancerous conditions. Materials and methods. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed using the EVIS E

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12

Nessel, Trevor A., Connor C. Kerndt, John A. Bills, and Lynn Sikorski. "Eruptive xanthomas: a warning sign of future hyperlipidemia complications." International Journal of Research in Dermatology 6, no. 4 (2020): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4529.intjresdermatol20202672.

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<p>Eruptive xanthomas are localized lipid deposits in the skin or subcutaneous tissue that are associated with both primary and secondary hyperlipidemia. Typical presentation manifests as small yellow papules on the buttocks or extensor surfaces. Xanthomas can be diagnosed clinically with an extensive history and physical examination, however, can be confirmed via biopsy and histological findings. It is essential to identify the underlying cause of the skin lesions and take appropriate measures to prevent future hyperlipidemia-induced consequences. Here we report a 42-year-old female wit

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13

AlGhazo, Reham. "Huge and Multiple Xanthomas Misdiagnosed as Rheumatoid Nodules and Mistreated with Multiple Surgical Excisions over 4 Years, A Case Report." International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews 19, no. 2 (2024): 01–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2690-4861/534.

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Background: Xanthoma is the iceberg of familial hypercholesterolemia; it’s resemblance to other cutaneous lesions such as rheumatoid nodules might lead to misdiagnosis. We emphasize in this case report the importance of comprehensive clinical and investigatory approach to cutaneous lesions as they could be the only manifestation of systemic diseases, and this helps to avoid delayed management and unnecessary interventions. Aim: Xanthomas as a possible diagnosis for multiple skin nodules, as it can be easily supported by performing simple noninvasive blood tests; the lipid panel. Case report: F

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14

Yonatan, Eric Ricardo, Leonardo Alexander, Valencia ., and Lorettha Wijaya. "Eruptive Xanthoma in Acute Pancreatitis: A Systematic Review of Case Reports." Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Digestive Endoscopy 26, no. 1 (2025): 10–18. https://doi.org/10.24871/261202510-18.

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Background: Eruptive xanthoma is a skin lesion caused by localized lipid deposits in the dermis, characterized by an eruption of yellow papules typically present on the buttocks, shoulders, and extensor skin surfaces of the extremities. Eruptive xanthoma is associated with acute pancreatitis as a result of hypertriglyceridemia or other lipid disorders. This study aims to discuss several case reports of patients with eruptive xanthomas and acute pancreatitis to provide descriptions and similarities between cases.Methods: This systematic review was conducted using Preferred Reporting Items for S

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15

Gregoriou, Stamatis, Dimitris Rigopoulos, Christos Stamou, Vasiliki Nikolaou, and George Kontochristopoulos. "Treatment of Mycosis Fungoides with Bexarotene Results in Remission of Diffuse Plane Xanthomas." Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 17, no. 1 (2013): 52–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/7750.2012.12022.

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Background: Cutaneous xanthomas develop as a result of intracellular and dermal deposition of lipids in either hyper- or normolipidemic patients. Plane xanthomas may signal the presence of an underlying monoclonal gammopathy, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, or cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Investigators have suggested that xanthomatized T cells may result in induction of plane xanthomas. Methods: We report the case of a patient with mycosis fungoides (MF) and plane xanthomas who was treated with bexarotene for his MF. Results: Significant improvement in the clinical signs of MF was observed with

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16

Myers, Hannah E., Subhapradha Rangarajan, Michael Roberts, Christopher Buckley, and Josh Hammel. "Verruciform Xanthoma Presenting Within an Ear Piercing." Indian Journal of Dermatology 69, no. 5 (2024): 411–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijd.ijd_244_23.

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Abstract Verruciform xanthomas are rare lesions affecting 0.025-0.5% of the population. They present as an asymptomatic, slow growing solitary lesion on the oral mucosa. Commonly misdiagnose as squamous cell carcinoma, verruca vulgaris, leukoplakia, and lichen planus. Presented is a 22 year old male with a painful verruciform xanthoma on the posterior ear lobe in a prior ear piercing.

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17

Zaremba, Joanna, Andrzej Zaczkiewicz, and Waldemar Placek. "Eruptive xanthomas." Advances in Dermatology and Allergology 6 (2013): 399–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/pdia.2013.39439.

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18

Hayes, Benjamin B., and Alan S. Boyd. "Eruptive xanthomas." Postgraduate Medicine 118, no. 2 (2005): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3810/pgm.2005.08.1698.

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19

Xu, Mingyuan, and Yeqiang Liu. "Eruptive Xanthomas." New England Journal of Medicine 386, no. 22 (2022): e58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmicm2112562.

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20

Pierce, John, Tejesh Patel, and Chelsea Scott. "Eruptive Xanthomas." Mayo Clinic Proceedings 96, no. 12 (2021): 3097–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.09.019.

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21

Oviedo, Jaime, Niall Swan, and Francis A. Farraye. "Gastric xanthomas." American Journal of Gastroenterology 96, no. 11 (2001): 3216–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.05293.x.

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22

George, Anisha, Bimal Kanish, and Anuradha Bhatia. "Palmar xanthomas." CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research 1, no. 1 (2014): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2348-3334.126801.

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23

Mathew, Sanjana, Carol Lobo, Sowmya Kaimal, and Sujata Raj. "Eruptive xanthomas." New Zealand Medical Journal 137, no. 1601 (2024): 74–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.26635/6965.6607.

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24

Nguyen, Patrick, Andrew Thorsen, Daniel O'Conor, and N. Thao N. Galvan. "Vanishing xanthomas." American Journal of Transplantation 19, no. 8 (2019): 2388–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajt.15374.

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25

Mishkel, M. A. "Hyperlipidemic xanthomas." Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 21, no. 5 (1989): 1037–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0190-9622(89)80392-5.

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26

Koh, Xuan Qi, and Nisha Suyien Chandran. "Eruptive Xanthomas." Journal of Pediatrics 201 (October 2018): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.04.053.

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27

Pieterse, Arnoldus S., R. Rowland, and J. T. Labrooy. "Gastric xanthomas." Pathology 17, no. 3 (1985): 455–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00313028509105500.

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28

Rekha, Arcot, and Deepak Krishna Rai. "Tendon xanthomas." Foot 20, no. 2-3 (2010): 85–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foot.2010.04.004.

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Saoji, Vikrant, Bhushan Madke, Jayashri Shembalkar, and Kinjal Rambhia. "Eruptive xanthomas." BMJ Case Reports 17, no. 4 (2024): e260230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2024-260230.

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30

Dussueil, Pauline, Jean-François Sergent, Alexis Veyssière, and Hervé Benateau. "Recurrent labial xanthoma infection in a patient with Neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome: case report and literature review." Journal of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery 28, no. 4 (2022): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mbcb/2022029.

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Introduction: Noonan Syndrome is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous syndrome, characterized by marked phenotypic variability. All the clinical manifestations of this syndrome are still not fully known. Observation: We present the case of a 58-year-old woman with a diagnosis of Neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome with SOS2 mutation, observed by her general practitioner for a recurrent left upper lip abscess despite drainage and antibiotic therapy. The anatomo-pathological result of the sample was in favor of an infected xanthoma. Discussion: The most common oral manifestation of Noonan sy

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31

Appuhamy, G. A. P. K., B. M. Munasinghe, L. M. Soysa, et al. "A Rare Case of Bilateral Achilles Tendon Xanthomas in a Teenager, Successfully Treated with Tendon Sparing Technique." Case Reports in Orthopedics 2021 (August 4, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1932763.

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Background. Xanthoma of the Achilles tendon, even though being benign, is a surgically challenging orthopaedic condition. Causality is believed to be due to a pathological error in the metabolism of low-density lipoprotein and their resultant accumulation, as foam cells within the tendon. Tendon xanthomas are often found to accompany heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Case Presentation. A 19-year-old girl presented to our institution (a District General Hospital), with soft tissue lumps over posterior aspect of the ankle on both sides for several years. She had noticed a rapid increas

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32

Nakazawa, Katsumasa, Koichi Yano, Yasunori Kaneshiro, and Hideki Sakanaka. "Endoscopic resection of tendon xanthoma in the elbow of a patient with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis." BMJ Case Reports 14, no. 11 (2021): e244931. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2021-244931.

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We describe the case of a 44-year-old woman with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) who had a tendon xanthoma on the right olecranon. The patient successfully underwent endoscopic resection. There were no signs of recurrence on MRI 2 years postoperatively. There were no complications related to the surgery, and the patient is completely satisfied with the treatment outcomes. CTX, a genetic metabolic disorder, is associated with the development of tendon xanthomas. Endoscopic resection of tendon xanthoma in the elbow of patients with CTX is a less invasive method than open resection.

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Clarissa Maharani Putri, Rina Gustia, Ennesta Asri, Mutia Sari, and Indah Indria Sari. "A Multidisciplinary Approach to Managing Multiple Tuberous Xanthomas in a Pediatric Patient with Familial Hypercholesterolemia Type II: A Rare Case." Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research 9, no. 3 (2024): 6572–84. https://doi.org/10.37275/bsm.v9i3.1214.

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Background: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a rare inherited disorder characterized by high cholesterol levels, primarily high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). This condition can lead to premature cardiovascular disease. A less recognized but significant manifestation of FH is the development of multiple tuberous xanthomas, which are exogenous masses or fatty deposits on the skin. Case presentation: This report describes the case of a 4-year-old female child who presented to the Dermatology, Venereology, and Aesthetics Department of Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Pa

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Lee, Hyun Yi, Dae Won Koo, and Joong Sun Lee. "A case report of palmar xanthoma with xanthomatous neuropathy." SAGE Open Medical Case Reports 9 (January 2021): 2050313X2110349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050313x211034923.

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Xanthomas are plaques or nodules consisting of an accumulation of excess lipids, resulting in the formation of foam cells in the skin or tendons. Typically, xanthomas are not accompanied by other symptoms. Here, we report a patient with a presentation of painful palmar xanthomas and subsequent diagnosis of metabolic and cardiovascular morbidities. A 44-year-old man presented with multiple yellowish, firm, and painful nodules on his right palm and fingers. Lipid panel and medical examination revealed a diagnosis of type III hyperlipoproteinemia and diabetes mellitus type II. Histopathological e

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35

Kainberger, F., G. Seidl, O. Traindl, et al. "Ultrasonography of the Achilles Tendon in Hypercholesterolemia." Acta Radiologica 34, no. 4 (1993): 408–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418519303400421.

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The ultrasonographic (US) appearance of Achilles tendon was examined in 34 patients with hypercholesterolemia (10 with familial (FH), and 24 with secondary hypercholesterolemia (SH)), and in 22 patients with normal tendons. US findings were compared with clinical, laboratory, and radiologic results. In patients with FH, typical xanthomas in the form of hyperechoic tendinal tumors were found in only 15% while various forms of inhomogeneity of tendon structure without xanthoma formation were found in 75%. The high rate of tendon inhomogeneity may be due to the concomitant occurrence of both xant

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36

Patel, Shreya, and Tania Phillips. "The Importance of Clinicopathological Correlation: A Case of Xanthoma Disseminatum." SKIN The Journal of Cutaneous Medicine 6, no. 1 (2022): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.25251/skin.6.1.11.

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Xanthoma disseminatum (XD) is a rare disease that presents with pruritic papules, classically involving the extensor surfaces and mucosal areas. We present a case of XD that was misdiagnosed as eruptive xanthomas and eventually self-resolved. Self-resolving XD may be within a spectrum of adult-onset juvenile xanthogranuloma. However, as there may be systemic consequences of XD, it is critical to ensure these patients obtain a complete evaluation and close follow-up.

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Jayaprasad, N., LR Tomar, S. Pruthi, G. Muktesh, and Amitesh Aggarwal. "Xanthomas and hypercholoesterolemia." Heart Views 15, no. 3 (2014): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1995-705x.144804.

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Singh, AjayPal, Shilpi Sikarwar, OP Jatav, and Khozema Saify. "Normolipemic tuberous xanthomas." Indian Journal of Dermatology 54, no. 2 (2009): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0019-5154.53190.

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Gupta, Aayush, NitinD Chaudhari, and YugalK Sharma. "Pediatric tuberous xanthomas." Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology 80, no. 4 (2014): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0378-6323.136904.

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Dwivedi, S., Amitesh Aggarwal, Vishal Sharma, and Girish Dwivedi. "Giant Gluteal Xanthomas." Circulation 121, no. 16 (2010): 1866–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/cir.0b013e3181ddfd4e.

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41

Neki, NS, and I. Singh. "Normolipidimic Tuberous Xanthomas." Journal of Institute of Medicine Nepal 36, no. 1 (2014): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.59779/jiomnepal.642.

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42

Vermeer, B. J. "Xanthomas and hyperlipidemias." Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 14, no. 5 (1986): 839–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0190-9622(86)80533-3.

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43

Parker, Frank. "Xanthomas and hyperlipidemias." Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 13, no. 1 (1985): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0190-9622(85)70139-9.

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44

Katz, Arnon M. "Xanthomas: Summary Notes." Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 2, no. 1 (1997): 47–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/120347549700200112.

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45

Sijbrands, Eric J. "Xanthomas and atheromas." Atherosclerosis 263 (August 2017): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.06.003.

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46

Nagarajan, D. V., P. A. Boreham, and V. J. Parfitt. "Palmar striated xanthomas." Postgraduate Medical Journal 79, no. 938 (2003): 690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/postgradmedj/79.938.690.

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Mansilla-Polo, M., S. Becerril-Andrés, and I. Torres-Navarro. "Multiple eruptive xanthomas." Medicina de Familia. SEMERGEN 51, no. 7 (2025): 102479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102479.

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48

Gokhale, Tanvi, Richa Jindal, Molly Joseph, Kuldeep Kaur, and Ankita Nawale. "Xanthoma- A case report." Indian Journal of Pathology and Oncology 10, no. 3 (2023): 291–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpo.2023.063.

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Xanthomas are lesions that are mostly located within the skin or subcutaneous tissue and consist of cholesterol and cholesterol esters. Xanthomas can occur at any site. They are mostly associated with Familial hypercholesterolemia. Although the clinical picture is variable, a high level of LDL cholesterol is the common manifestation. Here we report a case report on multiple Xanthomas in a 19 years old male.

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Petrie, Erin, Nicholas A. Hoppmann, C. Mel Wilcox, Sameer Al Diffalha, and Meagan E. Gray. "Gastric Xanthomatosis Secondary to Lipoprotein X in Primary Biliary Cholangitis." Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports 10 (January 2022): 232470962210894. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23247096221089488.

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Abstract:

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by intralobular bile duct destruction. Patients typically present with generalized symptoms including fatigue and pruritis, and less commonly, manifestations of lipid deposition including xanthomas and xanthelasmas. We report a case of a 31-year-old female with PBC-associated cirrhosis who had cutaneous xanthelasmas and diffuse gastric xanthomas secondary to hyperlipidemia and lipoprotein X that completely resolved following liver transplantation. While gastric xanthomas have been reported in patients with PBC previou

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Khadka, Anupa, and Sabina Bhattarai. "Eruptive Xanthomas as Cutaneous Manifestation of Familial Combined Dyslipidaemia in an Eleven-year-old: A Case Report." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 58, no. 223 (2020): 170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.4816.

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Abstract:

Xanthomas are subcutaneous lipid deposits containing macrophages loaded with cholesterol and cholesterol esters. Although quite common in adults, xanthomas in pediatric population are infrequent and when present, may represent a cutaneous manifestation of underlying lipoprotein disorders which most often are familial. We report a case of eleven-year-old female child, with multiple eruptive xanthomas of skin since two years of age, a positive family history and deranged lipid profile consistent with possible familial Hypercholesterolemia.

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