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Journal articles on the topic 'Xcos'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 16 July 2025

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Modlo, Yevhenii O., and Serhiy O. Semerikov. "Xcos on Web as a promising learning tool for Bachelor’s of Electromechanics modeling of technical objects." CTE Workshop Proceedings 5 (March 21, 2018): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.55056/cte.133.

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Research goals: to identify the perspective learning simulation tool for Bachelors of Electromechanics.Research objectives: to prove the feasibility of using the simulation system Xcos on Web as a tool of forming of future Bachelors of Electromechanics competence in modeling of technical objects.Research object: the use of imitative simulation systems to learning the Bachelors of Electromechanics.Research subject: the use Xcos on Web in learning modeling of technical objects the Bachelors of Electromechanics.Research methods used: the analysis of existing software usage experience.Research results. The imitative simulation system Xcos on Web is a promising cloud-based learning tool for Bachelor’s of Electromechanics modeling of technical objects.The main conclusions and recommendations:1. The use of simulation systems, such as Scilab Xcos, is a necessary part of Bachelor of Electromechanics professional training.2. Cloud-based learning environment built on the integrative usage of mobile Internet devices promotes the forming of Bachelor’s of Electromechanics professional competencies.3. Implementation the full Scilab Xcos functionality at Xcos on Web creates conditions for transition in Bachelor’s of Electromechanics learning the simulation of technical objects to the use of mobile Internet devices.

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Ivanov, Ivelin G. "Visual modeling of objects and systems in Scilab." Proceedings. College Dobrich VIII (December 25, 2015): 184–92. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10033621.

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Given project aims to draw attention to the possibilities of application Xcos included in the package Scilab for visual modeling. Report examines the possibilities of application Xcos to create models and its application in teaching and research. 

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S, Shubha, Rajesh BM, Avadhani DN, and Madhura T K. "Innovative Approach for the Study of Tuning Circuit with Open Source Tools." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (2022): 1497–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.1497ecst.

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In the new age of an online teaching-learning process, present instructional approach expects students to be an active learner, which necessitates a new instructional tool that can provide opportunity for active learning. The use of technology in teaching-learning has become a key factor which helps in conceptual understanding. Simulation being one of the valuable instructional tools renders an opportunity to visualize the concepts and facilitate to build the mental model. The present work proposes a study of electrical circuit experiments performed using open source tools such as XCOS and expEYES. These tools facilitate in developing higher order critical thinking and analysis skill. XCOS being one of the tools in Scilab provides the visual simulation environment for varying the input parameters of the model. The RL, RC, and RLC tuning circuits are virtually modeled by using the XCOS and the real circuits made with expEYES, which facilitates the study of response curves with ease. In the later case, the results obtained by using expEYES compared with the results of XCOS. In addition, the study explains how such response of simple linear circuits can be extended in different applications. Demonstrations and visualization of the response curve and phase flow of linear circuits will overlay the way to understand experimental and numerical results. This innovative approach can be used in the classroom demonstration of a harmonic oscillator and resonant circuits in advance level physics and engineering laboratories.

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Lin, Yu-Sheng, Zhe-Yu Liu, Yu-An Chen, Yu-Siang Wang, Ya-Liang Chang, and Winston H. Hsu. "xCos: An Explainable Cosine Metric for Face Verification Task." ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications 17, no. 3s (2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3469288.

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We study the XAI (explainable AI) on the face recognition task, particularly the face verification. Face verification has become a crucial task in recent days and it has been deployed to plenty of applications, such as access control, surveillance, and automatic personal log-on for mobile devices. With the increasing amount of data, deep convolutional neural networks can achieve very high accuracy for the face verification task. Beyond exceptional performances, deep face verification models need more interpretability so that we can trust the results they generate. In this article, we propose a novel similarity metric, called explainable cosine ( xCos ), that comes with a learnable module that can be plugged into most of the verification models to provide meaningful explanations. With the help of xCos , we can see which parts of the two input faces are similar, where the model pays its attention to, and how the local similarities are weighted to form the output xCos score. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method on LFW and various competitive benchmarks, not only resulting in providing novel and desirable model interpretability for face verification but also ensuring the accuracy as plugging into existing face recognition models.

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Yudachev, S. S., P. A. Monakhov, and N. A. Gordienko. "Industry 4.0 Digital Technologies for data collection and control." Glavnyj mekhanik (Chief Mechanic), no. 6 (May 25, 2021): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pro-2-2106-04.

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This article describes an attempt to create open source LabVIEW software, equivalent to data collection and control software. The proposed solution uses GNU Radio, OpenCV, Scilab, Xcos, and Comedi in Linux. GNU Radio provides a user-friendly graphical interface. Also, GNU Radio is a software-defined radio that conducts experiments in practice using software rather than the usual hardware implementation. Blocks for data propagation, code deletion with and without code tracking are created using the zero correlation zone code (ZCZ, a combination of ternary codes equal to 1, 0, and –1, which is specified in the program). Unlike MATLAB Simulink, GNU Radio is open source, i. e. free, and the concepts can be easily accessed by ordinary people without much programming experience using pre-written blocks. Calculations can be performed using OpenCV or Scilab and Xcos. Xcos is an application that is part of the Scilab mathematical modeling system, and it provides developers with the ability to design systems in the field of mechanics, hydraulics and electronics, as well as queuing systems. Xcos is a graphical interactive environment based on block modeling. The application is designed to solve problems of dynamic and situational modeling of systems, processes, devices, as well as testing and analyzing these systems. In this case, the modeled object (a system, device or process) is represented graphically by its functional parametric block diagram, which includes blocks of system elements and connections between them. The device drivers listed in Comedi are used for real-time data access. We also present an improved PyGTK-based graphical user interface for GNU Radio. English version of the article is available at URL: https://panor.ru/articles/industry-40-digital-technology-for-data-collection-and-management/65216.html

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Zhu, Chenfeng, Umut Durak, Sven Hartmann, and Clément David. "Automatic Layout of Scilab/Xcos Diagrams." SNE Simulation Notes Europe 27, no. 3 (2017): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.11128/sne.27.sw.10384.

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Durak, Umut. "Pragmatic model transformations for refactoring in Scilab/Xcos." International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 07, no. 01 (2016): 1541004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793962315410044.

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Model-Based Development has become an industry wide standard paradigm. As an open source alternative, Scilab/Xcos is being widely employed as a hybrid dynamic systems modeling tool. With the increasing efficiency in implementation using graphical model development and code generation, the modeling and simulation community is struggling with assuring quality as well as maintainability and extendibility. Refactoring is defined as an evolutionary modernization activity where, most of the time, the structure of the artifact is changed to alter its quality characteristics, while keeping its behavior unchanged. It has been widely established as a technique for textual programming languages to improve the code structure and quality. While refactoring is also regarded as one of the key practices of model engineering, the methodologies and approaches for model refactoring are still under development. Architecture-Driven Modernization (ADM) has been introduced by the software engineering community as a model-based approach to software modernization, in which the implicit information that lies in software artifacts is extracted to models and model transformations are applied for modernization tasks. Regarding refactoring as a low level modernization task, the practices from ADM are adaptable. Accordingly, this paper proposes a model-based approach for model refactoring in order to come up with more efficient and effective model refactoring methodology that is accessible and extendable by modelers. Like other graphical modeling tools, Scilab/Xcos also possesses a formalized model specification conforming to its implicit metamodel. Rather than proposing another metamodel for knowledge extraction, this pragmatic approach proposes to conduct in place model-to-model transformations for refactoring employing the Scilab/Xcos model specification. To construct a structured model-based approach, the implicit Scilab/Xcos metamodel is explicitly presented utilizing ECORE as a meta-metamodel. Then a practical model transformation approach is established based on Scilab scripting. A Scilab toolset is provided to the modeler for in-place model-to-model transformations. Using a sample case study, it is demonstrated that proposed model transformation functions in Scilab provide a valuable refactoring tool.

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Verma, Sapna, and O. S. K. S. Sastri. "Computer Simulation of Coupled Oscillator Using Xcos." Journal of Research: THE BEDE ATHENAEUM 13, no. 1 (2022): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-1748.2022.00006.6.

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Juárez Martínez, Luis Carlos, Javier Tovar Facio, Rocío Anchondo Granados, Rosalía Ruiz Santos, and Anel Rocío Carrasco Hernández. "Dynamic Simulation of a Non-linear CSTR Using Scilab/Xcos®: a Practical Approach for Chemical Engineering Education." TECNOCIENCIA Chihuahua 19, no. 1 (2025): e1874. https://doi.org/10.54167/tch.v19i1.1874.

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Understanding the dynamic behavior of chemical processes is essential for controlling industrial operation, enhancing safety, and products quality. This work provides an accessible and practical guide for students and educators to demonstrate the potential of Scilab/Xcos® as an open-source alternative to MATLAB/Simulink®, for dynamic process simulation in chemical engineering education. The study focuses on a non-linear Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) model, with a classic example used to illustrate the different phenomena involved in reaction engineering. Two different scenarios were simulated to analyze the transient behavior of the CSTR under different coolant temperature perturbations. In the first case, a 10 K reduction in coolant temperature led to a significant drop in reaction temperature and increase in reactant concentration. In the second case, an increase of 5 K in coolant temperature resulted in oscillatory behavior, showcasing the reactor's sensitivity to temperature changes. The presented simulation is consistent with reference values from the literature, confirming the accuracy and reliability of the Xcos® model. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54167/tch.v19i1.1874

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Toma, Petrică Daniel. "Sizing and Simulation for Optimization of a Water Pumping Installation Using Fuzzy Logic." Ovidius University Annals of Constanta - Series Civil Engineering 22, no. 1 (2020): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ouacsce-2020-0010.

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Abstract In this article we present the way how to create a program in the Scilab-Xcos environment with which it can be dimensioned, mathematically modeled and simulated a water pumping installation. The mathematical equations implemented in the program with which the dimensioning and simulation are done are presented. Fuzzy logic was used to generate the pump characteristics.

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ŁASKAWSKI, Michał. "Dobór nastaw regulatorów ciągłych z wykorzystaniem środowiska Scilab / Xcos." PRZEGLĄD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY 1, no. 1 (2017): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15199/48.2017.01.07.

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Toma, Petrică Daniel. "Sizing and Simulation for Optimization of a Ventilation Installation Using Artificial Intelligence." Ovidius University Annals of Constanta - Series Civil Engineering 23, no. 1 (2021): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ouacsce-2021-0005.

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Abstract In this article we present the way how to create a program in the Scilab-Xcos environment with which it can be dimensioned, mathematically modeled and simulated a ventilation installation using artificial intelligence for its implementation. The mathematical equations implemented in the program with which the dimensioning and simulation are done are presented. A neuro-fuzzy system was used to generate the fan characteristics.

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Toma, Petrică Daniel. "Comparative Analysis by Mathematical Modeling and Simulation of the Two Thermal Systems Using Solar Radiation as a Source of Energy." Ovidius University Annals of Constanta - Series Civil Engineering 22, no. 1 (2020): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ouacsce-2020-0011.

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Abstract This paper presents comparative analysis by mathematical modeling and simulation of two thermal systems for hot water production consisting of solar collectors and storage tank with and without inbuilt heat exchanger. Thermal hot water systems use solar radiation as the source of energy, and mathematical models of their simulation are developed in Scilab-Xcos. An example of simulation of these thermal systems is also presented in this paper.

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Arianto, S., R. Y. Yuwono, and B. Prihandoko. "Modeling of Lithium Ion Battery Using Modelica and Scilab/Xcos." ECS Transactions 73, no. 1 (2016): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/07301.0241ecst.

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Pokrovsky, Pavel, and Vladimir Kudryavtsev. "Model of Emergency Shutdown System of TOKAMAK KTM." Advanced Materials Research 1084 (January 2015): 689–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1084.689.

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The computer model of emergency shutdown (ESD) system of Tokamak has been developed. Xcos extension of the package Scilab of linux operating system was used for developing the model. The simulated system monitors the most ultimate in terms of the integrity of the preproduction equipment and personnel safety parameters and provides an opportunity to prevent accidents. In the accidents occur the system executes algorithms of protective effects providing the complex transfer to a safe state, which allows to reduce consequences of possible accidents.

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Toma, Petrică Daniel. "Mathematical Modelling and Simulation of the Evolution of Phosphorus in a Bilayer Lake." Ovidius University Annals of Constanta - Series Civil Engineering 24, no. 1 (2022): 86–93. https://doi.org/10.2478/ouacsce-2022-0009.

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Abstract This paper analyses the mathematical model of the evolution of phosphorus in a bilayer lake based on the kinetic equations which describe this process. The mathematical modelling was developed using Scilab-Xcos and allows an over time visualization of the water levels evolution with the following parameters: soluble phosphorus (Ps) insoluble phosphorus (Pi) and total phosphorus (Pt) for the two layers of the lake, namely the epilimnion and the hypolimnion. Furthermore, this work presents a simulation of the above mentioned parameters.

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Toma, Petrica Daniel, Adriana Tokar, and Mirela Sanda Toropoc. "Modelling and Simulation Eutrophication of Water Rivers." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 8 (2019): 2912–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.8.7455.

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In this paper presents the mathematical modelling of the flowing river eutrophication process based on model kinetic equations QUAL2E and developed using Scilab-Xcos program. This can be seen graphically by the evolution over time of: algal mass, organic nitrogen, ammonia, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, organic phosphorus, soluble phosphorus, dissolved oxygen concentration and Biochemical oxygen demand for the oxidation of organic substances containing carbon in water of a river, in the case of discharge of a certain wastewater flow untreated, having a certain organic loading.

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Toma, Petrică Daniel. "Mathematical modelling and simulation of the river waters nitrification process." Ovidius University Annals of Constanta - Series Civil Engineering 25, no. 1 (2023): 18–28. https://doi.org/10.2478/ouacsce-2023-0004.

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Abstract This paper presents the mathematical model of the nitrification process starting from the kinetic equations describing this process. The mathematical model was developed using Scilab-Xcos program and allows the visualization in time of the water concentration evolution of the following parameters: organic nitrogen (Norg), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), nitrite nitrogen (NO2-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), oxygen (C) and biochemical oxygen consumption for the oxidation of organic substances containing carbon (LC). Also in this work is presented an example of simulation of the above mentioned parameters.

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Kutkowski, Kamil. "Comparison of ability to numerical modeling of photovoltaic cells in the Matlab Simulink and Scilab Xcos environments." Mechanik, no. 7 (July 2016): 744–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2016.7.154.

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Kurniawan, Edi. "Analysis and Simulation of PI and PID Control Systems Using Xcos Scilab." Journal of Technomaterials Physics 2, no. 2 (2020): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jotp.v2i2.5402.

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Research has been conducted to analysis and simulation of PI and PID control systems using Xcos-Scilab. It focused on the constant value of kp, ki, and kd in the P, PI and PID control system simulation. The system output was set into a step signal so it will be analyzed with transient response method. For comparison, the PID control system with the Ziegler-Nichols tuning method was also used. It has been done in order to find out whether the Trial and error method is more appropriate to use in the in the PID control system simulation or not. The plant used is the Servo Motor Model with transfer function . The results from the analysis of the variation of simulated control system constants, the best parameters are: P (P variation): Kp = 7, PI (P Variation): Kp = 8; Ki = 2, PI (I Variation): Kp = 5; Ki = 5, PID (P Variation): Kp = 60; Ki = 5; Kd = 2, PID (I Variation): Kp = 50; Ki = 1; Kd = 5, PID (D Variation): Kp = 50; Ki = 10; Kd = 2.

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Jackiewicz, J. "Modeling the longitudinal dynamics of electric multiple units with Xcos/Scilab software." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1199, no. 1 (2021): 012066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1199/1/012066.

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Abstract During the traction and braking of trains, substantial longitudinal dynamic forces might occur in couplers. The method of modeling these forces for two different electric multiple units (EMUs) is presented in this study. For the EMUs consisted of independent vehicles, each of which rests on two bogies, computer simulations were carried out. Simulations were also executed for EMUs with Jacobs bogies, which support bodies of two adjacent carriages. The dynamic modeling of vibration protection train systems includes nonlinearities.

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Acharya, I., U. Pant, and B. Baral. "Sizing and simulation of modular electric off-road vehicle using Scilab Xcos." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1385, no. 1 (2024): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1385/1/012023.

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Abstract As a sustainable transportation alternative, particularly in the realm of off-road vehicles, electric vehicles are rapidly gaining popularity. Despite the limitations that records have imposed including short-lived ranges and low speed as opposed to conventional vehicles, their eco-friendly nature and efficiency renders them to be appealing. The ongoing technological leaps in motor and battery technologies have improved the standing of long-distance electric vehicles, optimizing their performance by tailoring motors and batteries to suit specific regions and driving patterns. This study aims to size the motor and battery components of an off-road modular vehicle using Scilab Xcos, open-source software. The data obtained from the driving data accessed by driving the electric vehicle around 1 km of Dhulikhel is used as input for the simulation. The output of the simulation is used to understand the requirements of the motor and battery specifications. The motor was able to provide a maximum torque of 100 Nm and a nominal power of 10kW with peak power of 25 kW, while the battery was able to provide a battery power of 16kWh. The design went through theoretical validation and was compared against the established experimental data of the vehicle. Altogether, results affirm that the customized model aligns with the vehicle’s performance requirements by delivering adequate power, torque, and energy efficiency.

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Kumar, Sunil Prashanth, P. K. Jisha, Gaurav Sashikumar, S. Sabreesh, Shwetha Rai, and S. N. Tatvik Mahesha. "Simulation Of Power Electronics Of Electrical Systems In Ev’S Using Scilab." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2225, no. 1 (2022): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2225/1/012001.

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Abstract The need for electric vehicles is expanding vastly and so are the methods by which electric vehicle technology could help to reduce the carbon production and make the environment more pollution free. This research emphasizes on power electronic systems such as Buck and Boost converters used in electric vehicles through Scilab simulations. It draws attention to the mathematics associated with the elementary phases for the power electronic circuits. This paper describes the working, mathematics and simulation of buck and boost converters used in an electric vehicle. We analyze the different circuitry systems, build the block diagrams in Xcos, Scilab and illustrate the outputs in terms of graphical representations.

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Ige, Afolabi, Linhao Yang, Hang Yang, Jennifer Hasler, and Cong Hao. "Analog System High-Level Synthesis for Energy-Efficient Reconfigurable Computing." Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications 13, no. 4 (2023): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jlpea13040058.

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The design of analog computing systems requires significant human resources and domain expertise due to the lack of automation tools to enable these highly energy-efficient, high-performance computing nodes. This work presents the first automated tool flow from a high-level representation to a reconfigurable physical device. This tool begins with a high-level algorithmic description, utilizing either our custom Python framework or the XCOS GUI, to compile and optimize computations for integration into an Integrated Circuit (IC) design or a Field Programmable Analog Array (FPAA). An energy-efficient embedded speech classifier benchmark illustrates the tool demonstration, automatically generating GDSII layout or FPAA switch list targeting.

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Rodriguez-Pardo, L., J. Farina Rodriguez, C. Gabrielli, H. Perrot, and R. Brendel. "TSM-AW Sensors Based on Miller XCOs for Microgravimetric Measurements in Liquid Media." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 57, no. 10 (2008): 2309–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2008.922104.

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Alvaro, Realpe Jimenez, Acevedo Morantes Maria, and Franco Borre David. "Level control in a system of tanks in interacting mode using Xcos software." Contemporary Engineering Sciences 11 (2018): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.12988/ces.2018.712206.

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Vieira, Eros B., Wesley F. Busch, Diego M. Prata, and Lizandro S. Santos. "Application of Scilab/Xcos for process control applied to chemical engineering educational projects." Computer Applications in Engineering Education 27, no. 1 (2018): 154–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cae.22065.

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Białoń, Tadeusz, Marian Pasko, and Roman Niestrój. "Developing Induction Motor State Observers with Increased Robustness." Energies 13, no. 20 (2020): 5487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205487.

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This paper presents the results of recently conducted research on Luenberger observers with non-proportional feedbacks. The observers are applied for the reconstruction of magnetic fluxes of an induction motor. Structures of the observers known from the control theory are presented. These are a proportional observer, a proportional-integral observer, a modified integral observer, and an observer with additional integrators. The practical application of some of these observers requires modifications to their structures. In the paper, the simulation results for all mentioned types of observers are presented. The simulations are performed with a Scilab-Xcos model which is attached to this paper. The problem of gains selection of the observers is discussed. Gains are selected with the described optimization method based on a genetic algorithm. A Scilab file launching the genetic algorithm also is attached to this paper.

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Kurniawan, Edi. "Analysis and Simulation of Proportional Derivative and Proportional Integral Derivative Control Systems Using Xcos Scilab." Journal of Technomaterials Physics 3, no. 1 (2021): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jotp.v3i1.5544.

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PID (Proportional Integral Derivative) control is a popular control in the industry and aims to improve the performance of a system. This control has controlling parameters, namely Kp, Ki, and Kd which will have a control effect on the overall system response. In this research, P, PD, and PID control simulations with the transfer function of the mass-damper spring as a plant using Xcos Scilab. The method used is the trial and error method by setting and varying the values of the control constants Kp, Ki, and Kd to produce the desired system response. The value adjustment of system control parameters is carried out with several variations, namely Kp control variation, Kp variation to constant Kd, Kd variation to constant Kp, Kp variation to Ki, constant Kd, variation of Ki to Kp, constant Kd and variation of Kd to Kp, Ki constant. The second method is automatic tuning which is done through mathematical calculations to obtain PID control constants, namely Zieglar Nichols PID tuning with the oscillation method. From the system simulation results, the best parameter is obtained through the Zieglar Nichols PID tuning process based on the results of the transient response analysis, namely when the proportional gain value (Kp) is 50. The system performance characteristics produced in the tuning process are 3.994 seconds of settling time at 2.36 seconds research time. resulting in a maximum overshoot value of 3.6% and a peaktime value of 3.994 seconds

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Modlo, Yevhenii O., Serhiy O. Semerikov, Ruslan P. Shajda, et al. "Methods of using mobile Internet devices in the formation of the general professional component of bachelor in electromechanics competency in modeling of technical objects." CTE Workshop Proceedings 7 (March 20, 2020): 500–534. http://dx.doi.org/10.55056/cte.400.

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The article describes the components of methods of using mobile Internet devices in the formation of the general professional component of bachelor in electromechanics competency in modeling of technical objects: using various methods of representing models; solving professional problems using ICT; competence in electric machines and critical thinking. On the content of learning academic disciplines “Higher mathematics”, “Automatic control theory”, “Modeling of electromechanical systems”, “Electrical machines” features of use are disclosed for Scilab, SageCell, Google Sheets, Xcos on Cloud in the formation of the general professional component of bachelor in electromechanics competency in modeling of technical objects. It is concluded that it is advisable to use the following software for mobile Internet devices: a cloud-based spreadsheets as modeling tools (including neural networks), a visual modeling systems as a means of structural modeling of technical objects; a mobile computer mathematical system used at all stages of modeling; a mobile communication tools for organizing joint modeling activities.

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Korzhev, Alexander, Olga Bolshunova, Irina Voytyuk, and Anna Vatlina. "Mathematical simulation of transient operation modes of an electric drive of a centrifugal pump for a slurry pipeline." E3S Web of Conferences 140 (2019): 04012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201914004012.

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To develop new control algorithms for controlling slurry pumps, it is necessary to have a reliable mathematical model of their operation, convenient for computer simulation implementation. Therefore, the paper discloses a mathematical model of the joint operation of a centrifugal pump with a controlled asynchronous motor drive and a slurry pipeline. The results of transient modes computer simulation, carried out via the xcos application of the scilab software, are presented. This software is a freeware one and, therefore, available free of charge to most researchers. The paper provides an example of verification of the adequacy and performance of the proposed computer model, with the use of characteristics of the centrifugal slurry pump GrAT-225-67-3-2-2. The said model of a centrifugal pump is efficient and can be used during the study of dynamic processes in pipeline transportation systems, as well as in the synthesis of control algorithms for electric drives of pumping units.

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Yang, Yang, Minqiang Zhou, Bavo Langerock, et al. "New ground-based Fourier-transform near-infrared solar absorption measurements of XCO2, XCH4 and XCO at Xianghe, China." Earth System Science Data 12, no. 3 (2020): 1679–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1679-2020.

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Abstract. The column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of CO2 (XCO2), CH4 (XCH4) and CO (XCO) have been measured with a Bruker IFS 125HR Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer at Xianghe (39.75∘ N, 116.96∘ E, north China) since June 2018. This paper presents the site, the characteristics of the FTIR system and the measurements. The instrumental setup follows the guidelines of the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON): the near-infrared spectra are recorded by an InGaAs detector together with a CaF2 beam splitter, and the HCl cell measurements are recorded regularly to derive the instrument line shape (ILS) showing that the instrument is correctly aligned. The TCCON standard retrieval code (GGG2014) is applied to retrieve XCO2, XCH4 and XCO. The resulting time series between June 2018 and July 2019 are presented, and the observed seasonal cycles and day-to-day variations in XCO2, XCH4 and XCO at Xianghe are discussed. In addition, the paper shows comparisons between the data products retrieved from the FTIR measurements at Xianghe and co-located Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) and Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) satellite observations. The comparison results appear consistent with validation results obtained at TCCON sites for XCO2 and XCH4, while for XCO they highlight the occurrence of frequent high-pollution events. As Xianghe lies in a polluted area in north China where there are currently no TCCON sites, this site can fill the TCCON gap in this region and expand the global coverage of the TCCON measurements. The Xianghe FTIR XCO2, XCH4 and XCO data can be obtained at https://doi.org/10.18758/71021049 (Yang et al., 2019).

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Patil, Jagdish Y., Balashish Dubey, Kannan M. Moudgalya, and Rakesh Peter. "GNURadio, Scilab, Xcos and COMEDI for Data Acquisition and Control: An Open Source Alternative to LabVIEW*." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 45, no. 15 (2012): 626–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20120710-4-sg-2026.00178.

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Hasler, Jennifer, Aishwarya Natarajan, and Sihwan Kim. "Enabling Energy-Efficient Physical Computing through Analog Abstraction and IP Reuse." Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications 8, no. 4 (2018): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jlpea8040047.

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This paper shows the first step in analog (and mixed signal) abstraction utilized in large-scale Field Programmable Analog Arrays (FPAA), encoded in the open-source SciLab/Xcos based toolset. Having any opportunity of a wide-scale utilization of ultra-low power technology both requires programmability/reconfigurability as well as abstractable tools. Abstraction is essential both make systems rapidly, as well as reduce the barrier for a number of users to use ultra-low power physical computing techniques. Analog devices, circuits, and systems are abstractable and retain their energy efficient opportunities compared with custom digital hardware. We will present the analog (and mixed signal) abstraction developed for the open-source toolkit used for the SoC FPAAs. Abstraction of Blocks in the FPAA block library makes the SoC FPAA ecosystem accessible to system-level designers while still enabling circuit designers the freedom to build at a low level. Multiple working test cases of various levels of complexity illustrate the analog abstraction capability. The FPAA block library provides a starting point for discussing the fundamental block concepts of analog computational approaches.

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Alfonsi, Alfonso, Raiza Yánez, and Alfonso R. Alfonsi. "Modelo de sistema multisensor con enfoque de muestreo multifrecuencia." RECIBE, REVISTA ELECTRÓNICA DE COMPUTACIÓN, INFORMÁTICA, BIOMÉDICA Y ELECTRÓNICA 10, no. 1 (2021): E1—E25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32870/recibe.v10i1.163.

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En la fase temprana de diseño de un multisensor están las especificaciones funcionales que establecen el comportamiento sus señales, donde es importante analizar la influencia de los tiempos de muestreo en el despliegue temporal entre los datos de entrada y salida disponibles del multisensor, como del enlace de comunicación que pudieran utilizar. Por tanto, en este trabajo se desarrolla un modelo de sistema multisensor considerando múltiples señales con periodos de muestreo que pueden ser diferentes del proceso y datos de estado, incluyendo la limitación temporal del enlace de comunicación. El sistema consta de los componentes: multisensor y estación base. Además, se desarrolló un modelo de simulación en Scilab/Xcos para ejercitar diferentes escenarios. El modelo ofrece un perfil temporal de la secuencia de datos sensoriales bajo diferentes esquemas de muestreo, permitiendo presentar la evolución de las señales con pérdidas o ausencias de muestras, las cuales al ser tratadas sistemáticamente con operadores multifrecuencia y funciones de interpolación para su reconstrucción, conducen a resultados utilizables para la abstracción del mundo real. Finalmente, la efectividad del modelo se ilustra mediante simulaciones numéricas.

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Lanza, Gerardo, and Francisco Arteaga-Bravo. "Identificación de modelo y evaluación comparativa de métodos de sintonización de controlador PID para proceso de regeneración catalítica en Scilab-XCOS." Revista Ingeniería UC 28, no. 1 (2021): 193–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.54139/revinguc.v28i1.19.

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En este trabajo se presenta la identificación de modelo y el control por realimentación de un proceso de regeneración catalítica, teniendo como variable controlada la temperatura de la capa de catalizador. Para representar el sistema se utiliza un modelo aproximado de primer orden, obtenido por métodos de identificación. Para la sintonización del controlador PID se utilizan dos métodos, un método de síntesis directa y un método organizado aproximado de ensayo y error. El primero requiere la determinación precisa de las características dominantes del proceso en base a técnicas de identificación, mientras que el segundo es una mejora-extensión del método original de Ziegler-Nichols, tomando como condición esencial que para tener un lazo bien sintonizado debe existir una relación predecible entre el periodo de oscilación y el tiempo integral. Estos procedimientos son aplicables a lazos de control con procesos autorregulados usando controlador proporcional integral. Se desarrolla un análisis comparativo de estos métodos y las simulaciones se efectúan en Scilab-XCOS. Se establecen conclusiones sobre el método que resulta más apropiado para la sintonización del controlador PID en base a las simulaciones realizadas.

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Knapp, Marvin, Ralph Kleinschek, Frank Hase, et al. "Shipborne measurements of XCO2, XCH4, and XCO above the Pacific Ocean and comparison to CAMS atmospheric analyses and S5P/TROPOMI." Earth System Science Data 13, no. 1 (2021): 199–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-199-2021.

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Abstract. Measurements of atmospheric column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of carbon dioxide (XCO2), methane (XCH4), and carbon monoxide (XCO) have been collected across the Pacific Ocean during the Measuring Ocean REferences 2 (MORE-2) campaign in June 2019. We deployed a shipborne variant of the EM27/SUN Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) on board the German R/V Sonne which, during MORE-2, crossed the Pacific Ocean from Vancouver, Canada, to Singapore. Equipped with a specially manufactured fast solar tracker, the FTS operated in direct-sun viewing geometry during the ship cruise reliably delivering solar absorption spectra in the shortwave infrared spectral range (4000 to 11000 cm−1). After filtering and bias correcting the dataset, we report on XCO2, XCH4, and XCO measurements for 22 d along a trajectory that largely aligns with 30∘ N of latitude between 140∘ W and 120∘ E of longitude. The dataset has been scaled to the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) station in Karlsruhe, Germany, before and after the MORE-2 campaign through side-by-side measurements. The 1σ repeatability of hourly means of XCO2, XCH4, and XCO is found to be 0.24 ppm, 1.1 ppb, and 0.75 ppb, respectively. The Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) models gridded concentration fields of the atmospheric composition using assimilated satellite observations, which show excellent agreement of 0.52±0.31 ppm for XCO2, 0.9±4.1 ppb for XCH4, and 3.2±3.4 ppb for XCO (mean difference ± SD, standard deviation, of differences for entire record) with our observations. Likewise, we find excellent agreement to within 2.2±6.6 ppb with the XCO observations of the TROPOspheric MOnitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) on the Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite (S5P). The shipborne measurements are accessible at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.917240 (Knapp et al., 2020).

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Wang, Wei, Yuan Tian, Cheng Liu, et al. "Investigating the performance of a greenhouse gas observatory in Hefei, China." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 10, no. 7 (2017): 2627–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-2627-2017.

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Abstract. A ground-based high-resolution Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) station has been established in Hefei, China to remotely measure CO2, CO and other greenhouse gases based on near-infrared solar absorption spectra. Total column measurements of atmospheric CO2 and CO were successfully obtained from July 2014 to April 2016. The spectra collected with an InSb detector in the first year were compared with those collected by an InGaAs detector from July 2015, demonstrating that InGaAs spectra have better signal-to-noise ratios and rms of spectral fitting residuals relative to InSb spectra. Consequently, the measurement precision of the retrieved XCO2 and XCO for InGaAs spectra is superior to InSb spectra, with about 0.04 and 0.09 % for XCO2, and 1.07 and 2.00 % for XCO within clear-sky days respectively. Daily and monthly averages of column-averaged dry air mole fraction of CO2 show a clear seasonal cycle, while the daily and monthly averages of XCO displayed no seasonal variation. Also, we analysed the relationship of the anomalies of XCO and XCO2, found that the correlations are only observable for individual days, and the data under different prevailing wind conditions during the observations displayed weak correlation. The observations based on the high-resolution FTS were also compared with the temporally coinciding measurements taken with a low-resolution solar FTS instrument, the EM27/SUN. Ratioing the daily averaged XCO2 of EM27 and FTS gives an overall calibration factor of 0.996 ± 0.001. We also compared ground-based observations from the Tsukuba TCCON station with our observations, the results showing that the variation in phase and seasonal amplitude of XCO2 are similar to our results, but the variation of XCO in Tsukuba is quite different from our data in Hefei. To further evaluate our retrieved data, we made use of satellite measurements. The direct comparison of our observations with the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) data shows good agreement of daily median XCO2, with a bias of −0.52 ppm and standard deviation of 1.63 ppm. The correlation coefficient (R2) is 0.79 for daily median XCO2 between our FTS and GOSAT observations. Daily median Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2) data produce a positive bias of 0.81 ppm and standard deviation of 1.73 ppm relative to our ground-based data. Our daily median XCO2 also show strong correlation with OCO-2 data, with correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.83. Although there were a limited number of data during the observations due to instrument downtime and adverse weather, the results confirm the suitability of the observatory for ground-based long-term measurements of greenhouse gases with high precision and accuracy, and fulfil the requirements of the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON).

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Tsegelnyk, Yevgen, Vladyslav Pliuhin, Vitaliy Tietieriev, Oleksii Duniev, and Andrii Yehorov. "Electromechanical Energy Converter Imitation Model in SciLab." Lighting Engineering & Power Engineering 61, no. 2 (2022): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2079-424x.2022.61.2.04.

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The paper shows the implementation of simulation models of an electromechanical energy converter on the example of an induction motor with a squirrel-cage rotor in the SciLab environment and its graphic library Xcos for building structural diagrams. Despite the existence of simulation programs such as Simulink and ANSYS Twin Builder, SciLab is completely free, which is an advantage for use in an academic environment and in scientific research. Despite SciLab being free and significantly different from existing paid software, this program allows to create complex models and has a powerful built-in programming language. This paper shows how, using SciLab blocks, to build a simulation model of an induction motor with a squirrel-cage rotor, based on the differential equations of electromagnetic transients. The construction of models for the mode of direct start from a source of stable three-phase power supply is considered. An example of a code program in SciLab for determining the parameters of an induction motor with a squirrel-cage rotor, necessary for simulation, only from the motor rated data, is shown separately. The work will be useful to researchers who intend to use free software to solve complex problems.

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Cai, Zhaonan, Ke Che, Yi Liu, Dongxu Yang, Cheng Liu, and Xu Yue. "Decreased Anthropogenic CO2 Emissions during the COVID-19 Pandemic Estimated from FTS and MAX-DOAS Measurements at Urban Beijing." Remote Sensing 13, no. 3 (2021): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13030517.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has led to ongoing reductions in economic activity and anthropogenic emissions. Beijing was particular badly affected by lockdown measures during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. It has significantly reduced the CO2 emission and toxic air pollution (CO and NO2). We use column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of CO2 and CO (XCO2 and XCO) observed by a ground-based EM27/SUN Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS), the tropospheric NO2 column observed by MAX-DOAS and satellite remote sensing data (GOSAT and TROPOMI) to investigate the variations in anthropogenic CO2 emission related to COVID-19 lockdown in Beijing. The anomalies describe the spatio-temporal enhancement of gas concentration, which relates to the emission. Anomalies in XCO2 and XCO, and XNO2 (ΔXCO2, ΔXCO, and ΔXNO2) for ground-based measurements were calculated from the diurnal variability. Highly correlated daily XCO and XCO2 anomalies derived from FTS time series data provide the ΔXCO to ΔXCO2 ratio (the correlation slope). The ΔXCO to ΔXCO2 ratio in Beijing was lower in 2020 (8.2 ppb/ppm) than in 2019 (9.6 ppb/ppm). The ΔXCO to ΔXCO2 ratio originating from a polluted area was significantly lower in 2020. The reduction in anthropogenic CO2 emission was estimated to be 14.2% using FTS data. A comparable value reflecting the slowdown in growth of atmospheric CO2 over the same time period was estimated to be 15% in Beijing from the XCO2 anomaly from GOSAT, which was derived from the difference between the target area and the background area. The XCO anomaly from TROPOMI is reduced by 8.7% in 2020 compared with 2019, which is much smaller than the reduction in surface air pollution data (17%). Ground-based NO2 observation provides a 21.6% decline in NO2. The NO2 to CO2 correlation indicates a 38.2% decline in the CO2 traffic emission sector. Overall, the reduction in anthropogenic CO2 emission relating to COVID-19 lockdown in Beijing can be detected by the Bruker EM27/SUN Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) and MAX-DOAS in urban Beijing.

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NAUMOV, Andrey V., Alexey V. POLYAKOV, Mikhail I. SURIN, and Vladimir I. SHCHERBAKOV. "The Model of a Homopolar Electric Motor with High-Temperature Superconductors." Elektrichestvo 7, no. 7 (2021): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24160/0013-5380-2021-7-19-25.

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The electromechanical model for analyzing a homopolar electric motor with a magnetic system made using second-generation high-temperature superconductors (HTSC 2G) is described. Homopolar electric motors made with a disk-shaped rotor have the simplest design of their magnetic system and heavy-current contact. Owing to the use of HTSC 2G conductors for producing constant magnetic field in the rotor area, it becomes possible to achieve a higher current density in the windings, thereby increasing the motor power capacity. Due to the HTSC ability to operate at the liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K), it becomes possible to have a simpler cryostat design in comparison with magnetic systems based on low-temperature superconductors. For large-capacity homopolar motors, the use of liquid metal contacts for supplying current to the rotating rotor seems to be the most promising design solution. The advantage of motors of this type is that their torque depends linearly on the rotor current. The homopolar motor operation governed by a proportional-integral-differentiating (PID) controller was simulated using the SciLab Xcos software. The application of the analysis model for selecting the optimal PID-controller coefficients is demonstrated. The electric motor dynamic operation modes are analyzed. The numerical simulation results are compared with the previously obtained experimental data.

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Tugashova, L., R. Bazhenov, E. Vikhtenko, I. Borodin, and L. Alekseeva. "Design of an E-Learning Course on control systems modeling for students in applied physics." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2373, no. 2 (2022): 022015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2373/2/022015.

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Abstract The research aims to prepare an e-learning course on ‘Identification and Mathematical Modeling of Control systems’ for students in Applied Physics. The software systems Matlab/Simulink, SciLab/Xcos are used for working mastering of the tutorial. The training is based on scaffolding principles, i.e. gradual complication of tasks. The e-learning course is designed in Moodle. It provides easy input and output (import and export) of the course content. The paper presents characteristic properties of the offered course development, which involves many constituent elements and resources of the platform: Page, Glossary, File, Chat, Forum, Presentation, Video lecture, Assignment, Comment, Test, Book, Interactive content, Hyperlink, and Database. The piloting was conducted at Almetyevsk State Oil Institute and Sholom-Aleichem Priamursky State University, Pacific National University, and Far Eastern State Transport University in 2020-2021. The designed online course is introduced in learning based on the distance learning system of Almetyevsk State Oil Institute Digital University. The student’s knowledge and skills assessment over the above-mentioned length of studies prove the effectiveness of the electronic learning resource applied for different kinds of learning. The electronic learning resource is turned out to be useful when changing to distance learning and in the blended learning model.

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Jackiewicz, Jacek. "A Flywheel-Based Regenerative Braking System for Railway Vehicles." Acta Mechanica et Automatica 17, no. 1 (2023): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ama-2023-0006.

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Abstract Regenerative braking is a technique that employs electric motors to convert the dynamic mechanical energy from the motor’s spinning rotor and any attached loads into electricity. However, such a type of regenerative braking can only slow but not stop the vehicle because there is too little energy to excite the motor acting as a generator at low speeds. Therefore, this paper presents a unique flywheel-based regenerative braking system for railway vehicles. This system is supposed to meet high safety and comfort expectations in all operating conditions. The braking action control of this system should allow braking of empty or loaded vehicles according to load, the anti-blockage braking action of wheels and prevent wheel-slide during braking or wheel slip during acceleration. The new regenerative braking system under development, like any kinetic energy recovery system, requires the application of continuously variable transmission. The essence of the new solution is to design and build this type of variable transmission using only one planetary gear controlled through the powertrain control module for an electric motor cooperating concurrently. This paper describes complete modelling and simulation realisation on a closed-loop servomotor drive, which cooperates with the variable transmission of the regenerative braking system based on the Scilab/Xcos environment.

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Pereira Junior, Wagner Vicente, Vinícius Pimenta Barbosa, Rafael Yuri Medeiros Barbosa, et al. "Proposta de uma malha de controle de umidade do sólido retido em peneira vibratória industrial." OBSERVATÓRIO DE LA ECONOMÍA LATINOAMERICANA 22, no. 4 (2024): e4351. http://dx.doi.org/10.55905/oelv22n4-197.

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Neste trabalho foi estudado o processo de peneiramento vibratório aplicado a separação sólido-líquido utilizando uma peneira vibratória industrial. Foi avaliado o efeito das variáveis independentes Força-G, inclinação e vazão de alimentação no teor de umidade dos sólidos retidos em condições de regime permanente, além do efeito transiente da Força-G. A suspensão sólido-líquido utilizada era composta de areia, água e goma xantana. Foram executados 16 experimentos em regime permanente na forma de um planejamento composto central com duas réplicas no ponto central e ajustado um modelo de segunda ordem para a análise por meio do método da superfície de resposta. Os resultados do planejamento experimental mostraram que o teor de umidade aumentou com o aumento da Força-G e da vazão de alimentação, porém diminuiu com o aumento da inclinação. Estes efeitos ocorreram devido as alterações que estas variáveis causam na distribuição e transporte do material sobre a tela. O modelo ajustado obtido pelo planejamento experimental foi utilizado em conjunto com o modelo dinâmico da Força-G para simular o efeito da variável Força-G no ambiente Xcos do aplicativo Scilab. A estratégia de controle proposta neste trabalho foi simulada com sucesso e permitiu estudar o ajuste dos parâmetros dos controladores para um melhor desempenho do processo de deságue.

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Lafta, Sadeq H., and Ekhals Abbas Albahrani. "Fabrication of a Simple Computerized High Power Supply for Magnetic Measurements." International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 6 (January 30, 2024): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232027.2024.6.8.

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A High current power supply was built and controlled by a personal computer using a simple design and a low-cost components for magnetic measurement applications. The design depends on the Arduino Uno board and Scilab software. Three Scilab block diagrams were given to simulate three magnetic tests, which are constant field block diagram (single field value), increasing and decreasing fields for FMR and magnetocaloric tests, and field for hysteresis loop test. Each Scilab block diagram contained different xcos blocks to control the Arduino output voltage and other blocks to sense, read, and calibrate the field value. This control was done via controlling pulse width modulation in the range (0-255). The output of each block diagram was simulated by measuring its variation with time using a cscope block display. The Arduino signal was amplified by a simple electronic circuit that involved two stages, BUL680 transistor as the first stage. Two high-power transistors EVK71-050 or Q50z were used in the second stage. The output of 107V-39.8A from the first one and 108V- 39.7A from the second one produces a magnetic field of about 30000Oe. The linearity between the current and the field value is better for Q50z due to the variation of α with the wide variation of collector current.

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Yulius, Deddy Hermawan *. Yusmardhany Yusuf Eka Rizqina Andari Ariba Aulia Rahma Maverick Na'im Tyas Kurniarto Vitri Simanullang Ahmad Aulia Rahman Nurcholis Majid Harry Budiharjo Sulistyarso. "IMPLEMENTATION OF ADAPTIVE-PID CONTROL IN A 10 L STIRRED TANK HEATER." JOURNAL OF EAST CHINA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 66, no. 3 (2023): 25–38. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8425618.

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When operating a thermal reactor, the temperature of the reactor must be closely regulated to preserve its product specifications. Consequently, a control strategy needs to be developed. In order to address the problem of instability in reactor operation, a 10-liter stirred tank heater (STH) will be employed in the study's laboratory. To maintain a steady volume, the tank was made to overflow. A process reaction curve was employed for fine-tuning PID parameters. The XCOS software was chosen to examine the process control models. The tuning experiment produced controller gain Kc = 215 [kJ/(minute.K)], the integral time constant I = 0.3 minute, and the derivative time constant D = 0.075 minute. In this work, the two temperature control models of the conventional PID and the novel adaptive PID in a 10-liter stirred tank heater were proposed. The two control models with their tuning parameters provided quick and stable responses, as demonstrated in the dynamic simulation study. The integral of the absolute value of the error (IAE) at the tank outlet temperature for conventional control and adaptive control is 1.76 and 0.55 oC, respectively. The adaptive PID controller performed admirably and responded better than conventional PID, according to the closed-loop dynamic simulation.

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UNOLD, OLGIERD. "SELF-ADAPTIVE LEARNING CLASSIFIER SYSTEM." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 19, no. 01 (2010): 275–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126610006256.

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This article introduces a new kind of self-adaptation in discovery mechanism of learning classifier system XCS. Unlike the previous approaches, which incorporate self-adaptive parameters in the representation of an individual, proposed model evolves competitive population of the reduced XCSs, which are able to adapt both classifiers and genetic parameters. The experimental comparisons of self-adaptive mutation rate XCS and standard XCS interacting with 11-bit, 20-bit, and 37-bit multiplexer environment were provided. It has been shown that adapting the mutation rate can give an equivalent or better performance to known good fixed parameter settings, especially for computationally complex tasks. Moreover, the self-adaptive XCS is able to solve the problem of inappropriate for a standard XCS parameters.

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Tu, Qiansi, Frank Hase, Kai Qin, et al. "COCCON Measurements of XCO2, XCH4 and XCO over Coal Mine Aggregation Areas in Shanxi, China, and Comparison to TROPOMI and CAMS Datasets." Remote Sensing 16, no. 21 (2024): 4022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16214022.

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This study presents the first column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of carbon dioxide (XCO2), methane (XCH4) and carbon monoxide (XCO) in the coal mine aggregation area in Shanxi, China, using two portable Fourier transform infrared spectrometers (EM27/SUNs), in the framework of the Collaborative Carbon Column Observing Network (COCCON). The measurements, collected over two months, were analyzed. Significant daily variations were observed, particularly in XCH4, which highlight the impact of coal mining emissions as a major CH4 source in the region. This study also compares COCCON XCO with measurements from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard the Sentinel-5P satellite, revealing good agreement, with a mean bias of 7.15 ± 9.49 ppb. Additionally, comparisons were made between COCCON XCO2 and XCH4 data and analytical data from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS). The mean biases between COCCON and CAMS were −6.43 ± 1.75 ppm for XCO2 and 15.40 ± 31.60 ppb for XCH4. The findings affirm the stability and accuracy of the COCCON instruments for validating satellite observations and detecting local greenhouse gas sources. Operating COCCON spectrometers in coal mining areas offers valuable insights into emissions from these high-impact sources.

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Liu, Dandan, Yinbo Huang, Zhensong Cao, Xingji Lu, and Xiangyuan Liu. "The Influence of Instrumental Line Shape Degradation on Gas Retrievals and Observation of Greenhouse Gases in Maoming, China." Atmosphere 12, no. 7 (2021): 863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12070863.

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The instrument line shape (ILS), as a very important parameter, has a significant influence on the inversion of trace gas concentration. Different levels of ILS degradation for H2O, CO2, CH4, and CO gases were investigated, and the influence of ILS on the inversion of column-averaged dry air mole fractions (DMFs) was assessed. Our results indicate that the averages of XH2O, XCH4, and XCO with modulation efficiency (ME) amplitude values have a positive correlation, the correlation coefficients are 0.9925, 0.9968, and 0.9981 respectively, whereas the relationship between the average of XCO2 and ME is a negative correlation with 0.986 correlation coefficient. For a typical ILS degradation, a decrease of 5% in the modulation efficiency amplitude value results in the average of XCO2 changing by 0.744%, XCH4 and XH2O are less sensitive species, with average values of −0.206% and −0.464%, whereas XCO shows the strongest intraday variability with an average value of −0.238%. However, with a decrease of 2‰ in the phase error (PE) value, the average of XCO changed by −0.150%, XCO2 and XH2O almost coincided with the same average value of −0.141%, whereas XCH4 was the least sensitive species with an average value of −0.133%. At the same time, we measured the ILS for EM27/SUN spectrometers—the mean values of modulation efficiency amplitudes and phase errors were 0.9611 and 0.00593. Compared with standard values, the modulation efficiency amplitudes and the phase error deviations were 2.450% and 0.433%. During the observation period, the daily average of XCO2 ranged from 415.09 to 421.78 ppm. XCH4 ranged from 1.96 to 2.02 ppm with a mean of 1.982 ppm, and the daily average of XCO ranged from 0.118 to 0.157 ppm with a mean of 0.137 ppm. For the relationship between XCO2 and XCH4, the linear regression line shows a good correlation with the correlation coefficient R2 ≥ 0.5. Especially, for the correlation coefficient R2 = 0.82 on 8 October, our studies found a weak correlation in the variation of CO2 and CO during the observations. The correlation coefficient R2 ≥ 0.5 was only found on 30 September and 3 October. The trajectories dram at a height of 10 km give a hint of trace gas transport from the bay of western India, Bengal, and the Arabian Sea, whereas for the trajectories dram boundary layer height, trace gases were transported from southwest and east of China. These results provide a theoretical basis to understand the time and space distribution and the changes of greenhouse gas in the atmosphere as well as providing a theoretical basis for calculations of atmospheric radiation transmission.

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Hermawan, Yulius Deddy, Wibiana Wulan Nandari, Fauzan Irfandy, Riski Ajin Rahmadi, and Aryandhanu Mukti Tri Perkasa. "Process Dynamic of Two-Thermal-Tank-Series with Dead Time." Eksergi 17, no. 2 (2020): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31315/e.v17i2.3700.

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The multi-tank-series system could come up the problem of instability due to dead-time. The goals of this work are to study the dynamic behavior of Two-Thermal-Tanks-Series (TTTS) with dead time through the open loop experiment in laboratory, and to propose the new-module of fundamental chemical engineering practicum in field of process dynamic for undergraduate program. The two stirred-tank-heaters @10L were designed for heating of water fluid. Both of tanks were designed overflow to maintain their volume constant. The gate valve was installed in the inlet pipe of Tank-1 to adjust its volumetric flowrate (f). The inlet temperature of Tank-1 (T1), the liquid temperatures in Tank-1 (T2) and Tank-2 (T3) were measured by thermocouple multi-channels. The volt-ampere-regulators were used to adjust the electrical energy in Tank-1 (q1) and Tank-2 (q2). The mathematical model was solved and rigorously examined in Xcos/Scilab. In order to study the dynamic behavior of TTTS, the inlet flowrate disturbance was made based on step input change. According to our investigation in laboratory and open loop simulation, both Tank-1 and Tank-2 gave stable responses, the model’s responses showed the closed and similar trend with laboratory’s responses, and time delay of about 30 seconds has been found in Tank-2.

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