Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Xénobiotique'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Xénobiotique.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Lakehal, Fatima. "Métabolisme et toxicité des xénobiotiques dans l'épithélium biliaire." Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05N021.
Full textBoubakri, Hasna. "Adaptation bactérienne à un composé xénobiotique, le lindane." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10017.
Full textBarret, Maialen. "Devenir des perturbateurs endocriniens HAPs/NP/PCBs au cours de la digestion anaérobie de boues contaminées : rôle de la biodisponibilité et du cométabolisme." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20199.
Full textThis study deals with the mechanisms which drive the biodegradation of PAHs/NP/PCBs during the anaerobic digestion of contaminated sludge. As the bioavailability of micropollutants is widely assumed to be linked to sorption phenomena, they were firstly investigated. It was demonstrated that PAHs sorption/desorption transfers are instantaneous, in comparison to biodegradation kinetics. Moreover, these transfers are reversible, even after a long period of contact between PAHs and sludge. To study the equilibrium state resulting from these transfers, a methodology was designed, considering sludge as a three-compartment matrix. Indeed, micropollutants in sludge can be either free, sorbed-to-DCM (dissolved and colloidal matter) or sorbed-to-particles. The influence of micropollutants characteristics and of physical and chemical sludge characteristics on equilibrium constants was quantified. The subsequent models allowed to predict the distribution of micropollutants between the three compartments within 5 continuous anaerobic digestors, fed with different sludge. The confrontation of compartment distributions to biodegradation rates revealed that both free and sorbed-to-DCM PAHs are bioavailable. Moreover, a shared limitation by bioavailability and by cometabolism flux was stated, suggesting that micropollutants removal is not limited by only one phenomenon
Tournel, Gilles. "Analyse du profil d'expression des gènes impliqués dans le métabolisme et le transport des xénobiotiques dans les tissus broncho-pulmonaires humains : identification d'un polymorphisme génétique du cytochrome P450CYP2F1." Lille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL2S049.
Full textLassurguère-Labbé, Julie. "Xénobiotiques, perturbateurs endocriniens et la fonction testiculaire." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN1B060.
Full textRat, Emmanuel. "Variabilité d'origine génétique de la biotransformation des xénobiotiques et des composés endogènes : application à la détoxication des cyanures et au métabolisme de l'acide rétinoïque." Lille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL2S069.
Full textDelpuech, Jean-Marie. "Variabilités génétique et épigénétique de la drosophile sous pression biotique (parasitoïdes) et xénobiotique (insecticides)." Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA077159.
Full textKlieber, Sylvie. "Optimisation du modèle des hépatocytes humains en culture primaire pour l'étude de la métabolisation des xénobiotiques." Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON1T030.
Full textGobé, Valérie. "Matière organique complexe du sol ; structure et rôle dans les processus d'humification du carbone xénobiotique." Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT2316.
Full textMahfoud, Radhia. "Rôle des microdomaines de sphingolipides et cholestérol dans les interactions hôte-pathogène et hôte-xénobiotique." Aix-Marseille 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX30058.
Full textThe Singer and Nicolson mosaic fluid model has been refined following the characterization of membrane microdomains (lipids rafts) enriched in cholesterol/sphingolipids. Lipid rafts are involved in signal transduction and host-pathogen interactions. We studied the role of lipid rafts in the binding of two pathogens (prion, HIV-1) and a xenobiotic (Fumonisin B1). Using the Langmuir film balance technology, we have demonstrated that rafts spingomylin stabilises the non-pathological conformation of the human prion protein. We have designed a synthetic soluble analog of glycolipid able to mimic the structural organisation of glycolipids in rafts, and to interact efficiently with HIV-1. Finally, we analysed the interaction of Fumonisine B, with different lipids of human intestinal epithelial cells HT-29-D4. We have demonstrated that the mycotoxin is a cholesterol-binding molecule and proposed a mechanism accounting for its intestinal absorption
Ramel, Fanny. "Implication des sucres solubles dans les réponses aux stress xénobiotique et oxydatif chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1S015.
Full textSoluble sugars, i. E. Mainly sucrose, glucose and fructose, play a central role in the structure, metabolism and functioning of higher plants. They are also involved in responses to numerous biotic or abiotic stresses, where they act not only as metabolites, but also as signalling molecules that activate signal transduction pathways leading to important modifications of gene expression. Their involvement in the responses to xenobiotic and oxidative stress was studied in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana in interaction with pollutant molecules, principally atrazine, an herbicide of the triazine family, which was used as a model pollutant causing severe oxidative stress. Sucrose-induced tolerance to atrazine stress was analysed by transcriptome profiling associated with further biochemical, genetic, physiological and ecophysiological studies. This resulted in the demonstration that atrazine induced modifications of gene expression leading to severe disturbances of defence and repair systems. These toxic effects were lifted by exogenous sucrose, which maintained or induced mechanisms of reactive oxygen species detoxication and of repairs of oxidative damage. Moreover, transcription factors that are necessary for the activation of sucrose-induced tolerance were identified and partially characterised. Finally, induction of tolerance was validated in the ecophysiological context of endogenous soluble sugar fluctuations in various accessions of Arabidopsis, through correlations between the levels of endogenous sucrose and variations of atrazine sensitivity, thus revealing the importance of nutritional status and carbon allocation in acclimation to abiotic stresses in plants
Casoli, Philippe. "Sécrétion gastrique d'un xénobiotique : la caféine. Mise en évidence et étude du mécanisme par dosage C.L.H.P." Aix-Marseille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX11007.
Full textFrançois, Alan. "Dégradation d'un composé xénobiotique récalcitrant : métabolisme du méthyl tert-butyl éther (MTBE) par mycobacterium austroafricanum IFP 2012." Phd thesis, INAPG (AgroParisTech), 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005701.
Full textFrançois, Alan. "Dégradation d'un composé xénobiotique récalcitrant : métabolisme du méthyl tert-butyl éther (MTBE) par mycobacterium austroafricanum IFP 2012." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2002INAP0041.
Full textMethyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) is introduced up to 15% (vol/vol) in gasoline in order to obtain a good octane number and to prevent carbon monoxide emissions. However, as a consequence of storage tanks leakage, MTBE became one of the major pollutants of aquifers because of its very low biodegradability. The present study aimed at investigating the biodegradation of MTBE by Mycobacterium austroafricanum IFP 2012. The MTBE metabolic pathway was partially elucidated owing to the identification of some intermediates (tert-butyl formate (TBF), tert-butyl alcohol (TBA), a-hydroxyisobutyrique acid and acetone) and some enzymatic activities (MTBE/TBA monooxygenase (non hemic and inducible), TBF esterase, 2-propanol : NDMA oxydoreductase and another monooxygenase involved in acetone degradation). The involvement of TBF and the requirement of cobalt could be explanations for the low natural attenuation of MTBE ; whereas the methoxy group does not seem to be implicated
Desangle, Valérie. "Recherche d'un phénomène d'induction des cytochromes P450 par un xénobiotique : utilisation d'hépatocytes de rat adulte en culture primaire." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P181.
Full textMarin, Matthieu. "Xénobiotique et détoxication cellulaire : couplage d'un mécanisme de détoxication cellulaire de type MDR/MXR à des courants chlorures osmorégulés." Le Havre, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LEHA0055.
Full textAmong the molecular actors of cellular detoxification, P-glycoproteins (P-gp) represent a first line of defense against various toxic compounds. These proteins were first identified in neoplastic tumors (MDR phenotype, Multi Drug Resistance). This concept was the enlarged to MXR phenotype (Multi Xenobiotic Resistance), a set of defense mechanisms against toxins in aquatic organisms. In 90's, studies proposed that MXR was coupled to volume regulation. The aim of the study was to highlight cross regulations between osmoregulated chloride channels and MXR-MDR mechanisms in terms of enzymatic activity, regulation, cell viability and modulation of osmoregulated chloride currents, in MCF-7 cell line, expressing or not P-gp, and in primary-cultured cells of the blue mussel
Lagrange, Philippe. "Production de superoxyde en présence de xénobiotiques par des préparations de cerveau de rat et conséquences." Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10393.
Full textBendridi, Nadia. "Interaction de la protéine de transport plasmatique humaine des hormones stéroïdiennes sexuelles (Sex Steroid Hormone-Binding Globulin) (SHBG) avec un xéno-oestrogène, le Bisphénol A." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO1T093.
Full textDenizot, Claire. "Validation de cultures de cellules endothéliales cérébrovasculaires comme modèle d'étude des conséquences oxydatives du métabolisme de xénobiotiques." Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10352.
Full textDing, Yong Ping. "Etude de l'implication du système de détoxification des xénobiotiques dans la rectocolite hémorragique." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC172.
Full textUlcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease mainly influenced by environmental factors. Tobacco is one important protective factor of UC whose mechanisms are still poorly understood yet. The main aim of this thesis was to evaluate the detoxifying capacity of the non-inflamed colonic mucosa in UC patients and the influence of tobacco on the detoxification system and the associated gene regulatory network. We observed significantly dysregulated expression (mostly down-regulation) of genes involved in the detoxification system in UC patients. The expression of the majority of dysregulated genes in UC patients was reversed under the influence of tobacco according to the in vivo and ex vivo studies. We have developed a mathematical approach based on the genetic regulatory networks which suggests the involvement of two signaling pathways in the development of UC and in the protective effect of tobacco: the AhR and LXR pathways. We then investigated the effect of benzo [a] pyrene (BaP), an AhR agonist and component of cigarette smoke, on experimental colitis and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) whose alteration has been demonstrated as crucial in UC. We showed that the activation of AhR pathway may inhibit ERS and improve colitis. Even more, this inhibitory effect of AhR on ERS appeared to be mediated by HSP90 who could alter the activity of PERK and IRE1 by physical interaction. These results highlight the importance of the detoxification system in the pathogenesis of UC and strengthen the link between the environment and alterations of the colonie mucosa of UC patients by identifying pathways that regulate xenobiotics- and tobacco-. Mediated SRE
Ragunathan, Nilusha. "Effet du cadmium sur la biotransformation d'amines aromatiques pré-cancérogènes par les arylamine N-acétyltransférases (NAT) : capproches moléculaires, cellulaires et in vivo." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077090.
Full textCadmium (Cd) is a carcinogenic heavy metal of great environmental concern. Exposure to both Cd and carcinogenic organic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or aromatic amines is a common environmental problem with toxicological consequences. Arylamine 7V-acetyltransferases (NAT) are xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes (XME) that play a key role in the biotransformation of aromatic amine carcinogens such as 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP) and 2-aminofluorene (2-AF). Changes in human NAT activity have been long associated with susceptibility to different cancers in relation with exposure to certain aromatic amines. We found that Cd at biologically-relevant concentrations impairs the NAT-dependent acetylation of carcinogenic aromatic amines such as 2-AF or 4-ABP in lung epithelial Clara cells. Moreover, NAT activity was found to be strongly impaired in the tissues of mice exposed to Cd. Accordingly, mice exposed to Cd and 2-AF displayed altered in vivo pharmacokinetics with a significant decrease in acetylated-2-AF in plasma thus confirming the functional impairment of NAT enzymes by Cd. Further kinetic and molecular experiments using recombinant enzyme showed that NAT1 was rapidly and irreversibly inhibited by Cd (IC5o~0. 075 |uM, kpS. LO4 M"1, s"1) through the formation of a Cd adduct with the active-site cysteine residue of the enzyme. Overall, our data suggest that Cd can aller the metabolism of carcinogenic aromatic amines through the impairment of the NAT-dependent pathway which may have important toxicological consequences
Sanfins, Elodie. "Etude de la Régulation de l'activité de l'arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT) par les nanoparticules de noir de carbone." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077110.
Full textArylamine N-acetyltranferases (NATs) are xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes that play a major role in the detoxication and/or the bioactivation of aromatic amines some of which are carcinogenic. We have studied the effects of carbon black nanoparticles (NPs) on the biotransformation of carcinogenic aromatic amines by the human NATl. These NPs are potentially toxic and they co-exist with AAs in professional environment such as the rubber industry. The results obtained in this study show that the incubation of recombinant human NATl with increasing concentrations of NPs lead to the dose dependant inhibition of the biotransformation activity of the enzyme. Kinetic analysis and ultracentrifugation assays point out that the enzyme is rapidly adsorbed on the NPs leading to its irreversible inhibition Furthermore, circular dichroïsm data highlighted that NP-NAT1 interaction induce changes in the secondary structure of the enzyme probably responsible for its irreversible inhibition. Finally, the exposition by NPs of pulmonary epithelial cells in culture leads to the inhibition of the endogenous enzyme and to the alteration of the cell dependant acetylation of aromatic amines. Overall the results suggest that the exposition by NPs may alter the metabolism of aromatic pollutants and may contribute to the increase in NP potential toxicity
Pluvinage, Benjamin. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle et structurale d'arylamine N-acétyltransférases bactériennes." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077104.
Full textArylamine N-acetyltransferases (NAT) are xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes involved in the biotransformation of aromatic drugs and pollutants. The precise role of bacterial NAT is not well known. It has been suggest they may contribute to microbial résistance to certain antibiotics. We worked on two bacterial models: Bacillus anthracis and Nocardia farcinica. B. Anthracis is one of the main infectious agents susceptible to be used in bioterrorist attack. Three sequences coding for three paralogous NAT (BaNATA, BaNATB and BaNATC) have been identified. So far, B. Anthracis appears as the sole bacterium possessing three NAT enzymes. BaNATB and BaNATC were found to be functionally active towards several aromatic substrates. Conversely, BaNATA seems to be devoid of NAT activity. Our results suggest that BaNATC could contribute to the résistance of B. Anthracis to sulfaméthoxazole (SMX). Preliminary data on BaNATC structure suggest that this enzyme displays some structural features found only in human NAT structures. N. Farcinica causes pulmonary infections in humans that resemble tuberculosis. We showed that a new NAT from this bacterium is related to the mycobacterial NAT enzymes. In particular, NfNAT was found to display high A/-acetyltransferase activity towards substrates including isoniazid (INH). Interestingly, INH is not used to cure nocardiosis. The treatment of choice is the use of SMX which was found to be poorly acetylated. The data reported in this study will help to develop our understanding of the role of NAT enzymes in nocardia and mycobacteria and may help in the rational design of NAT antagonists for a range of clinical applications
Kubiak, Xavier. "Etude fonctionnelle et structurale d'arylamine N-acetyltransferases atypiques chez Legionella pneumophila et Bacillus cereus." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077080.
Full textArylamine N-acetyltransferases (NATs) are xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes involved in the biotransformation of a wide range of aromatic amine chemicals (pollutants, drugs, pre-carcinogens). The 3D structure of NATs has been recently solved and all NATs characterized to date share the same structural features, including a strictly conserved Cys-His-Asp catalytic triad. Legionella pneumophila and Bacillus cereus are two bacterial pathogens that constitute a public health issue both in France and in the world. L. Pneumophila is the etiologic agent of legionellosis, a severe pneumonia, while B, cereus is responsible for a high number of foodborne intoxications. These two organisms are ubiquitous of aquatic environments and soils, respectively, which provide a risk of exposure to aromatic amine compounds. Our work is focused on L. Pneumophila and B. Cereus NAT isoforms that exhibit atypical features compared to isoforms characterized so far. The study of NATs sequences from three clinical strains of L. Pneumophila reveals several amino acid variations between strains. This unusual sequence heterogeneity leads to variations in catalytic and structural properties in the three variants. The characterization of a nat knock-out strain reveals that L pneumophila possesses in vivo a NAT-dependent detoxification pathway of aromatic amines chemicals. We also demonstrate the existence of a new NAT isoform in B. Cereus that lacks the canonical catalytic triad. Indeed, (BACCR)NAT3 has a glutamate instead of an aspartate at the catalytic position. Against ail expectations this isoform is active and correctly folded. Interestingly, the 3D structure of the enzyme has been solved and shows a classic NAT fold and catalytic triad geometry compared to classical NAT enzymes. Taken together, these results suggest a greater functional and structural diversity than expected in this enzyme family
Marmugi, Alice. "Perturbations métaboliques hépatiques : implication des xénosenseurs CAR (Constitutive Androstane Receptor) et PXR (Pregnane X Receptor) et d'un perturbateur endocrinien, le Bisphénol A." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1991/.
Full textThe exposure to environmental contaminants is suspected to disrupt endocrine and metabolic functions of our organism and contribute to metabolic disorders such as diabetes and non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis. In this work, in vivo studies have highlighted effects on hepatic energy metabolism of chronic exposure to the xenoestrogen Bisphenol A (BPA) which is widely used in plastic food packaging industry. It promotes the storage of triglycerides and cholesterol ester in the liver, in association with the induction of genes involved in lipid, carbohydrates and cholesterol synthesis. These effects, which could contribute to promote hepatic steatosis were observed below the reference dose in regulatory toxicology. These results strengthen the idea that BPA act as a metabolic disruptor, particularly at low doses. Nuclear receptors are targets through which metabolic disruptors may influence gene expression. The receptors CAR (Constitutive Receptor Androstane) and PXR (Pregnane X Receptor), initially identified as key regulators of the detoxification process, are also involved in the regulation of energy metabolism. We identified the gene coding for adiponutrin as a new target of these xenosensors. We have shown with transgenic animal models and in vitro that the CAR and PXR receptors regulate the Adiponutrin gene expression. This protein has a central role in hepatic lipid metabolism through its dual transacylase and lipase activity. In human, a variant of this gene (SNP I148M) has been identified as a new marker of hepatic steatosis. Since the xenosensors CAR and PXR are known to be activated by many drugs and environmental pollutants, our results highlight the risk of a development of hepatic steatosis after their activation. Taken together, these results highlight the risk of metabolic disruptions after exposure to various environmental contaminants such as endocrine disruptors and CAR activators
Lacombe, Olivier. "L'absorption intestinale des xénobiotiques : caractérisation chez le rat." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30045.
Full textThe intestinal absorption and metabolism of drugs has been studied in the rat. Using the everted gut sac, a complimentary method to the Caco-2 system, a correlation (r2=0. 91) between the fraction absorbed (Fabs) in vivo and the apparent permeability (Papp) of molecules absorbed by passive diffusion was observed. The Papp of most compounds was 2-3 times lower in the duodenum and ileum than in the jejunum, with the exception of digoxin, which showed a decreased absorption down the intestine, consistent with an increasing activity of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Five CYP450 activities were characterised using an optimised preparation of intestinal microsomes, and a comparison of the metabolic activities between the microsomes and everted sacs highlighted the importance of the transcellular absorption. The specific activities of hepatic CYP450 enzymes were higher than those of the small intestine. More than 80% of the intestinal activity was located in the upper half of the jejunum
Le, Daré Brendan. "Xénobiotiques hépatotoxiques : études de métabolisme et mécanismes d’action." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021REN1B005.
Full textXenobiotic-induced hepatotoxicity is an extremely rich subject, given the multiple mechanisms and actors involved. This translational work aims to improve ethanol and amanitins (powerful fungal toxins) hepatotoxic mechanisms understanding, in order to provide new elements to optimize the therapeutic management of intoxicated patients. In a first step, we provide additional elements of understanding on macrophages response mechanisms to ethanol. These xenobiotic-cell interactions, shown through the P2X7 receptor induction example, seem to contribute in alcoholic liver damage severity, and testify to the macrophages plasticity in pathological situations. These results suggest in particular the interest of P2X7 receptor antagonist’s development in the treatment of alcoholism. In a second step, we are applied molecular networking, which allows the visualization of complex data acquired by LC-MS/MS, to xenobiotic metabolism study. The acebutolol metabolism example, in the context of voluntary drug intoxication on the one hand, and the in vitro quetiapine metabolism study on the other hand, have provided consistent evidence concerning molecular network interest in this context. In a third and final step, the molecular network application allowed us to rule out the hypothesis of an in vivo and in vitro amanitins metabolism. Moreover, our results show that the hepatocyte-like cellular model of differentiated HepaRG is a relevant model in amanitins study, and show the mitochondrial ROS production implication in these substances toxicity
Waziers, Isabelle de. "Le Métabolisme intestinal des xénobiotiques et la cancérogénèse colorectale." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P602.
Full textLaugero, Chantal. "Biotransformation de composés xénobiotiques par le basidiomycète Phanerochaete chrysosporium." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX11031.
Full textSipahutar, Herbert. "Les aromatases humaine et équine : Etudes d'impacts des xénobiotiques." Caen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CAEN2059.
Full textNgoubo, Ngangue-Courcot Elisabeth. "Implication des microARN dans le développement des maladies pulmonaires à composante environnementale : exemple de le fibrose pulmonaire idiopathique." Thesis, Lille 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL2S051/document.
Full textMicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs with about 20 nucleotides that regulate gene expression by binding to the 3' UTR end of target mRNAs, thus allowing their degradation or stopping their translation into proteins. To date, many studies have shown the involvement of microRNAs in various physiological or pathological processes; their role in the body's response to environmental toxic substances is beginning to be mentioned. It is characterized by the presence of fibroblast/myofibroblast proliferation foci responsible for excessive extracellular matrix production, progressive and irreversible destruction of lung architecture leading to loss of respiratory function. The repeated aggression of the respiratory epithelium by environmental (or xenobiotic) chemicals is strongly suspected in the initiation of IVF. The first objective of my research was to identify microRNAs that may be involved in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IVF) and to specify the function(s) of these microRNAs of interest. To achieve this objective, we studied two microRNAs, miR-199a-5p and miR-214-3p, which had the particularity of being significantly overexpressed in the lungs of mice with pulmonary fibrosis. Systematic analysis of the expression profiles of fibroblast genes overexpressing miR-199a-5p and miR-214-3p allowed us to identify a large number of genes that were significantly modulated by these two microRNAs. We were able to establish the respective involvement of miR-199a-5p and miR-214-3p in the regulation of the profibrotic pathway TGFβ and in Fas-ligand mediated apoptosis of pulmonary fibroblasts. The second objective of my research was to identify the in vitro cellular model closest to lung tissue in order to study the impact of environmental toxic compounds on the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases and, in particular, of IVF. To do this, we compared the gene expression profiles of all proteins involved in the metabolism and elimination of xenobiotics, 10 cell lines and 4 primary cultures of human bronchial epithelial cells, with those previously observed by our team in human bronchopulmonary tissues. Exposure of the most relevant cellular model to air pollutants will identify the microRNAs associated with the pulmonary toxicity of these chemical compounds and verify whether these microRNAs regulate signaling pathways common to those involved in the pathogenesis of IVF
Chraibi-Ben, Moubarik Soumaya. "Contribution à l'étude de l'influence de chaines ramifiées courtes sur le métabolisme des xenobiotiques." Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUEM007.
Full textRésume en anglais
Daverat, Florence. "Influence des xénobiotiques sur les structures et les fonctions mitochondriales." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2P056.
Full textKubler, Laurent. "Etude des cytochromes P450 chez Caenorhabditis elegans : implication dans la réponse à un stress chimique." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE5620.
Full textCytochromes P450s (P450) are hemoproteins involved in the metabolism of both endogenous and exogenous chemicals. The C. Elegans genome sequence revealed 74 putative P450 coding sequences. The expression of some P450s has been analyzed in response to a chemical stress. Various xenobiotics, particularly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, induce sub-family Cyp35a expression. Cyp35a5 expression is inducible by βnaphtoflavone (βNF). Cyp35a5 is constitutively expressed in embryonic E cells, forming the intestine. In presence of βF, Cyp35a5 is expressed in E cells, the excretory cell and the seam cells. RNAi mediated Cyp35a5 loss of function results in an early embryonic lethal phenotype. In the affected embryos, after the fecundation, successive nucleus divisions are observable without cellular division? Eight to ten nucleuses are present in a common cytoplasm before the degeneration of the embryo. Some results suggest that exogenous complementation with ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone compensates partially the Cyp35a5 null mutant effects. P450-dependant enzymatic activities have been evidenced. The activities are both directed on endogenous (testosterone) and exogenous substrates. P450 are involved in testosterone and androstenedione hydroxylation. These hydroxylations could participate to the formation of 4-alkylsteroids specifically encountered in nematodes. B[a]P fluorescent metabolites are detected in the procorpus and the metacorpus of the pharynx and in the intestine. Variations of the B[a]P hydroxylase activities have been described in presence of other xennobiotics suggesting that at least two P450 isoforms are involved in B[a]P metabolism
Bourasset, Fanchon. "Implication des transporteurs d'influx et d'efflux dans la neuropharmacocinétique des xénobiotiques." Paris 5, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA05P641.
Full textThe blood-brain barrier (BBB) formed by tight junctions between brain capillary endothelial cells restricts the movement of compounds from the circulating blood into the brain. The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of membrane transporters in the brain distribution of drugs. We show that S18986 (logP=1,2) crosses the BBB by diffusion. Morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G, logP=-2,4) penetrates the brain thanks to two transporters at the BBB and is then trapped into brain extracellular fluid (ECF) by another transporter located in the ependymal cells. Morphine (logP=-0,2) is partially effluxed from brain to blood by at least two transporters at the BBB and is distributed into brain cells by a probenecid-sensitive transporter located at the membrane brain cells. TXD258 (logP=3,9) is effluxed by P-glycoprotein at the BBB level. Thus, the neuropharmacokinetics of xenobiotic depends on both their physico-chemical properties and their possible transport by carrier-mediated systems
Buitron, Mendez German. "Biodégradation de composés xénobiotiques par un procédé discontinu de type SBR." Toulouse, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAT0030.
Full textSouhaili-El, Amri Hajar. "Albendazole : métabolisme et régulation des enzymes hépatiques du métabolisme des xénobiotiques." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10122.
Full textChoucha-Snouber, Leïla. "Développement d'un bioréacteur microfluidique hépato-rénal pour le criblage des xénobiotiques." Compiègne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012COMP2005.
Full textThe aim of my thesis was to develop a liver-Kidney microfluidic bioreactor to test the toxicity of xenobiootics on the kidney. For that MDCKcells (kidney dog cells) were selected as the model. The study of the mechanisms of cell adaptability to the microenvironment and continuous flow showed that the cells proliferatein 3-D and have an inflammatory statute. The transcriptome analysis has allowed us to identify genes of the specific kidney functions and the phase I and II of metabolism. These results are supported by a proteomic profile. Thus the microconfinment and the flow are involved in maintaining functions of the renal cells, and adaptive response to the inflammatory condition. By the same experimental approach we have identified the main signaling pathways modulated by ifosfamide, an anticancer nephrotoxic drug metabolized by the liver. Thereby, our results allowed using the MDCK cells within a compound co-culture model with the liver model predetermined by the team. The co-culture of the two cell types allowed us to detect the metabolism of ifosfamide by the HepaRG (live cells) and the toxic effect of its metabolites on MDCK cells. Analysis of culture medium compounds by chromatography mass spectrometry show that the effect observed is due to chloroacetaldehyde, the nephrotoxic metabolite. Works of this thesis confirms the usefulness of our device as a means to evaluate the toxicity and/or the effectiveness of a drug, discover new therapeutic targets and identifying new biomarkers
Ribera, Daniel. "Métabolisme oxydatif chez la moule : péroxydation lipidique et biotransformation des xénobiotiques." Bordeaux 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR10553.
Full textSaunier, Elise. "Impact des xénobiotiques sur la progression tumorale des cellules cancéreuses humaines." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB148.
Full textThe impact of the environment in the development of several human diseases is well established but difficult to evaluate. Humans are chronically exposed to xenobiotics mixture - foreign chemicals substances which are not normally present within the organism – with different nature, concentration and interactions leading to deleterious or beneficial effects on human health. Among these xenobiotics, environmental pollutants play a significant role in the development of some cancers. On the contrary, a natural molecule like resveratrol has anti-cancer properties. During carcinogenesis, tumor cells acquire a reversible metabolic phenotype characterized by a high glycolysis and a massive lactate production with or without oxygen (Warburg effect). The flexibility of the metabolism allows cancer cells to provide sufficient levels of energy, metabolites and cofactors to maintain their tumor phenotype in a fluctuating microenvironment. In this study, the effects of several xenobiotics alone or in a mixture were assessed on human cancer cell progression. In the first part, the effects of 2 persistent organic pollutants acting by different signaling pathways, tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin (TCDD) and a-endosulfan, an organochlorine pesticide, were studied alone or in a mixture, on human colonic cancer cells (Caco2) progression. We have shown that TCDD (25 nM) and a-endosulfan (10µM) decrease the oxidative capacity of tumor cells. This effect is more pronounced when cells are exposed to the mixture, suggesting a synergistic effect. These alterations are associated with a drastic decrease in mitochondrial respiration, correlated with a strong reduction in the activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I. These observations are in part linked to a decrease of NDUFS3 gene expression, one of the subunit of the complex I. We have also found that the dysregulation of tumor cell metabolism was associated with an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Our data show that pollutants strengthen the Warburg effect associated with an EMT, which suggests that the pollutants affect the progression of the tumor phenotype. The signaling pathways involved in these observations are under investigation. In the second part, we assessed the effects of resveratrol (RSV), a natural compound present among other in wine, on cancer cell progression. This polyphenol has been widely described for its benefits on cancer and its ability to mimic caloric restriction. We have shown that the RSV, with a close concentration of serum doses measured in humans (10 µM), decreases cell proliferation without modulate cell viability. RSV redirects the energy metabolism of tumor cells by increasing their oxidative capacity, decreasing their glycolytic capacity and reducing the activity of the pentose phosphate pathway. We have identified the complex pyruvate dehydrogenase as a target of the RSV and highlighted that the calcium is involved in the regulation of PDH activity. We have also shown that the RSV induces its metabolic effects in part through CamKKß/AMPK signaling pathway. These results demonstrate that the xenobiotics can modulate tumor phenotype, and tumor metabolism, because of its extreme flexibility, is a major target of these modulations
Alberto, Diana. "Molecular mechanisms of plant-xenobiotic interactions : involvement of stress, development and hormone signaling regulations." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1B055.
Full textHerbicides are pollutants of high concern due to their environmental ubiquity resulting from extensive use in modern agriculture and persistence in soil and water. Degradation events on active molecules mediated by microorganisms, by plants and by natural processes give rise to a plethora of herbicide metabolites of unknown impact on ecosystems. Study of plant behavior toward such complex mixtures of xenobiotic structures is important to evaluate the effects of contaminations, especially in the context of residual pollution. In order to understand the mechanisms underlying the action of this diversity of compounds, the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana was confronted to variable doses of the widely-used triazine herbicide atrazine, and of two of its metabolites, desethylatrazine and hydroxyatrazine. Short exposure to varying concentrations of atrazine, desethylatrazine and hydroxyatrazine was found to affect early growth and development in various dose-dependent and distinct manners. These differential effects pointed out to the multiple involvement of non-canonical mechanisms, directly affecting respiration and root development. In order to identify these mechanisms, which are activated in the absence of major adverse physiological effects, a genome-wide transcriptomic analysis was carried out. All of the triazines under study induced coordinated and specific changes in gene expression. Functional analysis of differentially expressed genes and of their promoters revealed that signaling pathways related to plant hormones, low energy sensing, environmental stresses and biotic interactions were involved in low-dose triazine responses. In particular, triazines affected the expression of genes known to be regulated by cytokinins. Interestingly, this family of plant hormones shares similar chemical features with triazine compounds. Developmental studies on plants bearing mutations in cytokinin sensing and signaling pathways were then carried out under variable triazine exposures. The identification of specific interactions between triazine compounds and cytokinin-signaling components highlighted potential mechanisms of competition and/or antagonism. The characterization of such signal transduction modifications and perturbations will be useful to assess herbicide efficiency in crop systems and xenobiotic contamination impact on natural plant communities. Finally, the identification of crosstalk processes between xenobiotic, abiotic and biotic stress signaling gives novel insights into the interplay between chemical pollution and climate change stressors
Ellero, Sandrine. "Conséquences Moléculaires de l'Exposition du Tissu Adipeux Humain à des Xénobiotiques Environnementaux." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00610847.
Full textNasraoui, Ahmed. "Effets de l'oxygène normobare sur les enzymes hépatiques du métabolisme des xénobiotiques." Paris 7, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA077225.
Full textLegendre, Arièle. "Rôle des enzymes du métabolisme des xénobiotiques dans les processus chimiosensoriels : contribution de deux modèles de perception phéromonale." Dijon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DIJOS063.
Full textIndividuals can detect stimuli in their environment (food, sexual partner. . . ) by chemoperception process. To be efficient, these process need to be sensitive, discriminant and able to avoid saturation of the receptors. In the perireceptor environment, the xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (XME), involved in detoxification by catalyzing the biotransformation of xenobiotics, could have a key role in the modification or the termination of the sensory signal. To study the involvement of XME in chemosensory process, and especially in the phéromonal perception, two complementary approaches have been used. The first one consisted in studying the olfactory metabolism of the mammary pheromone in the rabbit; the second consisted in studying the functional involvement of different XME genes in the genetic model drosophila. The most important results are : (i) In the rabbit, there is an in vitro glutathione-dependent metabolism of the mammary pheromone which varies according to age and the type of tissue. These variations are also found for some XME genes. Ex vivo, the global metabolism of the olfactory mucosa toward the mammary pheromone is affected by a modulator of glutathione-transferases activity or by a pre-exposition to the mammary pheromone. (ii) In the drosophila, we used transgenic tools to modulate expression of different XME (cytochromes P450, UDP-glycosyltransferase), in particular in sensory appendages. We demonstrated the involvement of XME in the discrimination of sex pheromones. As a whole, this work provides original physiological data supporting the involvement of XME in the metabolism or perception of pheromones
Hoarau, Charles Pascal. "Etude des isoformes de GST chez deux mollusques marins Ruditapes decussatus et Mytilus galloprovincialis : Application à la surveillance de l'environnement." Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX22040.
Full textSmyej, Mohamed. "Contribution à l'optimisation de l'autoradiographie macroscopique dans les études de distribution de xénobiotiques." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT025A.
Full textCassand, Pierrette. "Contribution à l'étude des bases moléculaires de la mutagénèse induite par les xénobiotiques." Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR10606.
Full textBenilova, Iryna. "Approche "biocapteur" pour sonder la bioaffinité et les interactions biocatalytiques de petits xénobiotiques." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2007. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/ibenilova.pdf.
Full textNowadays, bioelectronics becomes a discipline with prominent biomedical and pharmacological potential. Investigations reported in this manuscript are focused on the use of label-free electrochemical and optical biosensors for the study of bioaffinity and biocatalytic interactions of some small xenobiotics (odorants and steroid glycoalkaloids) with immobilized macromolecules, namely, G protein-coupled human olfactory receptor OR 17-40 and cholinesterases from human and equine serum. The butyryl cholinesterases immobilized on pH-sensitive field-effect transistors follow Michaelis kinetics of hydrolysis of their substrates. Glycoalkaloids α-solanine, α-chaconine and tomatine inhibit the equine enzyme reversibly and competitively while for the human cholinesterase a mixed mode of reversible inhibition is suggested. α-Chaconine is the most potent inhibitor of both enzymes. The affinity interactions of glycoalkaloids and equine butyryl cholinesterase have been probed with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The absence of enzymatic substrate can significantly improve label-free detection of weak and competitive inhibitors (α-solanine). Olfactory receptor OR 17-40 has been successfully employed as odorant-recognition part of impedimetric and surface plasmon resonance-based platforms. Possibility of direct monitoring molecular events trigeered by agonist-stimulated receptor is the first step towards the "biolectronic nose"
Deydier, Stephan Laurence. "Impacts de xénobiotiques (herbicide et adjuvants) sur les peuplements phytoplanctoniques en mésocosmes lentiques." Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10105.
Full textNativelle-Serpentini, Céline. "Structure & fonctions de l'aromatase humaine : modulation de son activité (mutagenèse, inhibiteurs, xénobiotiques)." Caen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CAEN2058.
Full text