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1
Kunz, Tobias Saraiva. "Sistemática filogenética e taxonomia de Xenodon dorbignyi (BIBRON) e espécies relacionadas de serpentes Xenodon Boie (Squamata: Dipsadidae)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/158283.
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Entre as serpentes do gênero neotropical Xenodon, um grupo que inclui seis espécies atualmente válidas (X. dorbignyi, X. histricus, X. nattereri, X. matogrossensis, X. pulcher e X. semicinctus) se diferencia pela escama rostral elevada, em forma de “pá”, quilhada e projetada posteriormente, separando as internasais. Este grupo de serpentes comumente chamadas “narigudas”, de morfologia especializada, compunha até recentemente o gênero Lystrophis, sinonimizado com Xenodon com base em evidências moleculares. A maioria destas espécies esteve envolvida em alguma confusão taxonômica devido a descrições insuficientes e ausência de revisões abrangentes da variação morfológica. Xenodon matogrossensis, X. pulcher e X. semicinctus apresentam padrão de coloração aposemático, mimético com algumas espécies de cobras-corais do gênero Micrurus e estiveram por muito tempo agrupadas sob X. semicinctus. Por sua vez, X. histricus, X. nattereri e X. dorbignyi apresentam um padrão de coloração de fundo predominantemente pardo com bandas simples ou ocelos. Estas três espécies foram o foco deste estudo. O complexo histricus-nattereri inclui um grupo de serpentes pequenas e raras amplamente distribuídas em formações abertas desde o centro da Argentina até o norte do Brasil, em áreas de transição Cerrado-Caatinga. Xenodon dorbignyi, por sua vez, é uma das espécies mais comuns dos Pampas e Chaco. O polimorfismo da espécie levou a descrição de subespécies, insuficientemente caracterizadas, o que levou ao desuso desta categoria taxonômica apesar do reconhecimento por alguns autores de padrões regionais. A variação em alguns caracteres considerados diagnósticos tem por vezes ocasionado identificações errôneas e levantado considerações sobre os limites específico entre estes táxons. A sistemática e taxonomia dessas espécies foi analisada com base em uma revisão geograficamente abrangente da variação em caracteres morfológicos externos combinada com análises filogenéticas moleculares (DNA mitocondrial e nuclear). A variação genética em populações destas espécies é analisada pela primeira vez. Em relação ao complexo histricus-nattereri, os dados moleculares demonstraram que a diversidade de X. nattereri do sudeste do Cerrado engloba a variação morfológica de X. histricus e revelam a presença de uma linhagem independente no extremo norte da distribuição do complexo, proximamente relacionada a X. dorbignyi. Apesar de não ter localidade tipo precisa, se demonstra que X. nattereri foi descrita com base em um exemplar com número de faixas dorsais intermediário (o principal caráter diagnostico para diferenciar as duas espécies), uma condição encontrada apenas em exemplares da região sudeste e oeste do cerrado. Esta região coincide com a procedência da maior parte do material coletado por Johann Natterer (coletor do holótipo). Assim, se propõem manter X. nattereri na sinonímia de X. histricus. As populações do norte do Cerrado e áreas de transição Cerrado-Caatinga são descritas como uma nova espécie caracterizada por um número extremamente baixo de faixas dorsais. A estruturação genética encontrada para as populações de X. dorbignyi mostra que a espécie comporta duas linhagens distintas, uma de distribuição restrita no extremo nordeste da distribuição da espécie, na planície costeira de Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul (clado nordeste), e a outra a oeste e sul da primeira, englobando a maior parte da distribuição (clado sudoeste). Os dados morfológicos, no entanto, falharam em diagnosticar qualquer das subespécies propostas. As duas linhagens genéticas parapátricas estão em grande parte isoladas pela Laguna dos Patos, com uma zona de contato entre as duas linhagens ao sul desta. Embora a linhagem nordeste corresponda em grande parte morfológica e geograficamente ao descrito para a forma orientalis, análise dos exemplares procedentes da zona de contato entre as duas linhagens revela que todos possuem o fenótipo característico das populações da planície costeira (críptico em relação aos solos arenosos da região), independente da linhagem genética, demonstrando que a variação morfológica utilizada para caracterizar as subespécies não está relacionada com linhagens evolutivas independentes. Mais provavelmente estas formas correspondem a morfotipos ecológicos associados a fatores ambientais. Não se reconhece portanto a utilização da categoria taxonômica subespecífica para as populações de Xenodon dorbignyi.Among the Neotropical snake genus Xenodon, a group including six currently valid species (X. dorbignyi, X. histricus, X. nattereri, X. matogrossensis, X. pulcher and X. semicinctus) is distinguished by the elevated, shovel-like, keeled rostral scale, prolonged posteriorly, separating the internasals. This group of morphologically specialized species, commonly known as the South American hog-nosed snakes, was included until recently in the genus Lystrophis, synonymized with Xenodon based on molecular evidences. Most of these species were involved in some taxonomic confusion due to insufficient descriptions and lack of broad taxonomic revisions. Xenodon matogrossensis, X. pulcher and X. semicinctus present aposematic color patterns, mimetic with some coral snakes of the genus Micrurus, and had long been grouped under X. semicinctus. On the other hand, X. histricus, X. nattereri and X. dorbignyi show a predominantly pale ground color pattern with simple bands or ocelli. These last three species were the focus of this study. The histricus-nattereri complex includes a group of small and rare snakes broadly distributed in open formations from central Argentina to northern Brazil, in transition areas of Cerrado- Caatinga. On the other hand, Xenodon dorbignyi is one of the most common snake species of the Pampas and Chaco. The species polymorphism led to the description of poorly characterized subspecies, but despite the acknowledgement of regional patterns by some authors this taxonomic category is no longer used. The variation in some morphological characters considered to be diagnostic has lead to some misidentifications and even raised questions on the specific boundaries among these taxa. Here, the systematic and taxonomy of these species was analyzed based on a broad geographic revision of the variation of external morphologic characters combined with molecular phylogenetic analysis (mitochondrial and nuclear DNA). The genetic variation of these species’ populations is analyzed for the first time. Regarding the histricus-nattereri complex, molecular data showed that the diversity of X. nattereri in southeastern region of the Cerrado encompasses the morphological variation of X. histricus and reveal an independent lineage at the northern limits of the complex’ distribution, closely related to X. dorbignyi. Despite having no precise typelocality, it is showed that X. nattereri was described based on one specimen with intermediate number of dorsal bands (the main diagnostic character to differentiate both species), a condition found only in specimens from the southeast and western regions of the Cerrado. This region coincides with the precedence of the largest part of the material collected by Johann Natterer (holotype collector). Thus, we propose to maintain X. nattereri as a synonym of X. histricus. The populations from northern Cerrado and transition areas of Cerrado-Caatinga are described as a new species characterized by an extremely low number of dorsal bands. The genetic structure found in the populations of X. dorbignyi shows that the species encompasses two distinct lineages, one restricted to the northeastern extreme of the species distribution, in the coastal plain of the states of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul (northeast clade), and the other west and south of the first, encompassing most of the distribution (southwest clade). Morphological data, however, failed to diagnose any of the proposed subspecies. The two parapatric genetic lineages are largely isolated by the Patos Lagoon, with a contact zone between them to the south of this lagoon. Although the northeast lineage corresponds greatly to what was morphologically and geographically described as orientalis, the analysis of specimens from the contact zone between the two lineages revealed that all specimens have the characteristic phenotype of the coastal plain populations (cryptic regarding to sandy soils of the region), regardless the genetic lineage, showing that the morphological variation used to characterize the subspecies is not related to independent evolutionary lineages. Most likely, these forms correspond to ecological morphotypes associated with environmental factors. Therefore, the use of the subspecific taxonomic category is not acknowledged for populations of Xenodon dorbignyi.
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Masiero, Roberta Leone. "\"Filogenia morfológica do gênero Xenodon Boie 1827 (Serpentes, Xenodontinae)\"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-04102007-105211/.
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O gênero Xenodon constitui, juntamente com outros cinco gêneros, Erythrolamprus, Liophis, Lystrophis, Waglerophis e Umbrivaga, a tribo Xenodontini Bonaparte 1845. Esta tribo está incluída na subfamília Xenodontinae, um grupo monofilético distribuído pelo continente sul-americano. A proximidade filogenética entre Xenodon e os gêneros Waglerophis e Lystrophis já foi apontada por alguns autores. A sinonímia de Waglerophis a Xenodon, assim como uma relação de grupo-irmão entre os dois gêneros e Lystrophis já foi proposta. Representantes de outras tribos da subfamília Xenodontinae, assim como táxons representantes de outros gêneros de Xenodontini foram incluídos na matriz como grupos-externos dos gêneros Xenodon, Waglerophis e Lystrophis. Adicionalmente, representantes dos gêneros Farancia, Heterodon e Hydrodynastes, de posição incerta na subfamília ou incluídos por alguns autores na tribo Xenodontini, foram também adicionados à matriz, com o objetivo de testar as suas afinidades filogenéticas com Xenodon, Lystrophis e Waglerophis. A monofilia da tribo Xenodontini e do grupo composto pelos gêneros Xenodon, Lystrophis e Waglerophis foi corroborada. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, ambos os gêneros, Lystrophis e Waglerophis, estão enraizados no gênero Xenodon. Três diferentes possibilidades de rearranjos taxonômicos para o clado composto pelos três gêneros são apresentadas: 1) incluir as três espécies sob o nome de Xenodon; 2) separar os gêneros em quatro grupos, mantendo os nomes Xenodon e Lystrophis em subgrupos monofiléticos do clado e acomodando X. neuwiedii e X. guentherii em novos gêneros; 3) manter o nome Xenodon para um subgrupo monofilético, criar um novo gênero para acomodar X. neuwiedii e um outro para acomodar X. guentherii e Lystrophis.The genus Xenodon, together with five other genera, Erythrolamprus, Liophis, Lystrophis, Waglerophis and Umbrivaga, constitutes the tribe Xenodontini Bonaparte 1845. This tribe is included in the subfamily Xenodontinae, a monophyletic group distributed throughout the South American continent. The phylogenetic proximity among Xenodon, Waglerophis, and Lystrophis has already been pointed out by authors. The synonymy of Waglerophis with Xenodon as well as a sister-group relationship between Lystrophis and the latter have already been proposed. The present study offers a phylogenetic analysis of the genus Xenodon, based on a total of 54 morphological characters derived from cephalic miology and osteology and hemipenial morphology. Representatives of other tribes of the subfamily Xenodontinae as well as taxa representing other Xenodontini genera were included in the data matrix as outgroups for the genera Xenodon, Lystrophis and Waglerophis. Additionally, representatives of the genera Farancia, Heterodon, and Hydrodynastes, of uncertain position within the subfamily or included by some authors in the tribe Xenodontini, were also added to the data matrix in order to test their phylogenetic affinities with the latter. The monophyly of the tribe Xenodontini and of the group composed of the genera Xenodon, Lystrophis, and Waglerophis was corroborated. According to the presented results, both genera Waglerophis and Lystrophis are rooted within a polyphyletic genus Xenodon. Three different possibilities of taxonomic rearrangement for the clade composed of these three genera are as follows: 1) to include the three genera under the name Xenodon; 2) to split the genera in four groups, maintaining the names Xenodon and Lystrophis for monophyletic subgroups of the clade and accommodating X. neuwiedii and X. guentherii in new genera; 3) to keep the name Xenodon for a monophyletic subgroup, create a new genus for Xenodon neuwiedii and another for Xenodon guentheri plus Lystrophis.
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Humble, Noreen Mary. "Xenophon's view of Sparta : a study of the Anabasis, Hellenica and Respublica lacedaemoniorum /." *McMaster only, 1997.
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Katsaros, Andrea Helen. "Literary perspectives on Pseudo-Xenophon's Athenaion Politeia." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phk196.pdf.
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Luckenbill, Katie M. "Cavalry in Xenophon." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1432044265.
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Beauchamp, Eric. "RADON REMOVAL FROM GASEOUS XENON FOR THE ENRICHED XENON OBSERVATORY." Thesis, Laurentian University of Sudbury, 2014. https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/dspace/handle/10219/2148.
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Neutrino oscillation experiments have shown de nite evidence for non-zero neutrino
masses. However, these experiments only tell us about neutrino mass di erences, and nothing
about the absolute masses themselves. The observation of neutrinoless double-beta (0 )
decay, a hypothetical nuclear transition, would provide the rst absolute mass scale measurement
of the neutrino outside of cosmology. This decay would imply the neutrino to be
a Majorana particle, the rst fermion of its kind. 0 decay would also be the rst observation
of lepton number violation. The Enriched Xenon Observatory (EXO) is currently
searching for 0 decay in 136Xe with a half-life greater than 1025 years.
EXO-200 is the rst experiment of the EXO physics program, which has observed twoneutrino
double beta decay (2 ) in 136Xe for the rst time, with a half-life of 2:165
0:075 1021 years [1]. This is the longest measured half-life to date. EXO is now designing
a 5-tonne scale detector, nEXO, to be sensitive to the inverted-scale hierarchy. Despite the
careful selection of radiopure substances for the detector, the existence of trace levels of
222Rn is inevitable. One of the daughters of 222Rn, 214Bi, can emit photons at the Q-value
for 0 decay, making it a critical background. This dissertation investigates the method
of Rn removal from gaseous Xe through the use of a Cu wool trap.
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Gushue, Alison E. "A Comparison of Xenophon and Plato's Apologies." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/268.
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Wilms, Hartmut. "Techne und Paideia bei Xenophon und Isokrates /." Stuttgart : B. G. Teubner, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376213972.
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Pointner, Bernard E. Schrobilgen Gary Lee John. "Syntheses and characterization of fluorides and oxide fluorides of xenon(II), xenon(IV), xenon(VI), and iodine(VII) /." *McMaster only, 2005.
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Wu, Yidi, and Yidi Wu. "Socrates' Daimonion." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625687.
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Socrates' daimonion [δαιμόνιον] is a very complicated issue. What the daimonion is and what roles it played in Socratic way of life are the two central and probably most difficult questions about this issue, since Plato and Xenophon provided different images of Socrates' daimonion. Still, this paper tries to list and analyze all Plato's and Xenophon's accounts concerning the daimonion in order to examine both similarities and differences between them and offer a comprehensive image of Socrates' daimonion that can answer the two central questions. In fact, these two questions are so important for Socrates' daimonion, because intrinsically they are in relation to the two charges Socrates faced: his impiety to the city-gods and his corruption of Athenian youths. No matter how distinct Plato’s description of daimonion is from Xenophon, they both attempted to defend their common teacher against the two charges. It is said that Socrates' daimonion caused the charge of his impiety, as Socrates only acknowledged his daimonion but not the city-gods that his contemporary Athenians believed in. Therefore, both Plato and Xenophon put much effort in arguing Socrates' daimonion proves his piety. Plato endeavored to demonstrate Socrates' daimonion belongs to the divine system of city-gods, while Xenophon in order to undermine the particularity of the daimonion, claimed it, other than name, has no difference from the divination that Athenians resort to. Furthermore, the accounts of Socrates' daimonion in the widely-accepted pseudo-Platonic dialogues Theages and Alcibiades I may offer a new reading of Socrates' daimonion. The daimonion seems to select those who have potential to philosophize as Socrates' interlocutors, but it cannot predict whether who will obtain benefit and when they will leave Socrates. Therefore, from a close reading of Theages and Alcibiades I, it can be shown that Alcibiades, the most notorious one of the youth whom Socrates was alleged to "corrupt", went on to his own destructive path rather than under the guidance of Socrates.
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Scherer, Norbert. "Untersuchungen zur energie- und winkelaufgelösten Photodoppelionisation in ausgewählten Systemen." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=961241799.
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Harman, Rosie. "Viewing Sparta, viewing Asia : vision and Greek identity in Xenophon." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://etheses.nottingham.ac.uk/1969/.
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What happens when we look at others, and when others look at us? How does the experience of looking at or being seen by others shape our perceptions of ourselves? This thesis addresses these questions with reference to a specific historical and cultural moment; I examine scenes of vision and display in the Athenian writer Xenophon's representations of Spartans, Persians and other non-Greek peoples in Asia as a means of investigating the place of Sparta, Persia and the non-Greek in fourth century Athenian thought. Focusing in particular on the Anabasis, Cyropaedia, Lakedaimonion Politeia and Agesilaus, I analyse the representation of the responses of spectators to foreign sights in order to consider how these texts position their readers in relation to Spartans, Persians and others, and also, therefore, how they articulate and interrogate what it means to be Athenian, and what it means to be Greek. I will argue that sight is involved in the construction of Greek identity; that although some of the ways in which Greek identity is represented imply its cohesion, more often Xenophon's scenes of vision reveal the uncertainties and manipulations involved in attempting to imagine or lay claim to Greekness; and that Xenophon reveals the complexities of Panhellenist thought and of the intellectual and political climate of the fourth century. This thesis contributes towards a history of Greek identity and a history of visuality; it also seeks to reappraise Xenophon as a writer, revealing him as a valuable source for Greek conceptions of political power and conflict, and of ethnic, political and cultural selfconsciousness.
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Lu, Houliang. "Xenophon's theory of moral education." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9868.
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Xenophon the Athenian, who is well known as a historian and a witness of Socratic philosophy but is usually excluded from the list of classical writers on education, actually developed his own systematic thought on moral education from a social and mainly political perspective in his extant works. His discourse on moral education presents for us the view of an unusual historical figure, an innovative thinker as well as a man of action, a mercenary general and a world citizen in his age; and is therefore different from that of contemporary pure philosophers, such as Plato and Aristotle. Furthermore, as a prolific author respected in both the classical world and the early modern era, Xenophon’s doctrine on moral education greatly influences the later development of European cultural history. This thesis explores the background and content of Xenophon’s thought on moral education, as well as its application in his other literary works, which are not directly on the same topic but are indirectly influenced by it. Part 1 discusses the background which produces Xenophon’s thought on moral education. As a historian of his own age, Xenophon’s negative view of the world he lived in is fully expressed in his Hellenica; and his idea of social education organised by a competent political leader serves as a proposal to transform the disordered Greek world in his time. As a follower of Socrates, Xenophon adopts his teacher’s approach of focusing on the study of moral issues and leadership; and the need to make apology for Socrates helps to shape many heroes in Xenophon’s works into extremely pious men and beneficial moral teachers. Part 2 analyses the content of Xenophon’s thought on moral education. This idea is systematically explained in his Cyropaedia and advocated in a rhetorical and persuasive manner in his Hiero. By modern ethical standards, Xenophon’s moral education is supported by dark art of government and cannot always be justified; but this dark side is tolerable in Xenophon’s view as long as it ultimately serves for good purpose. In his Poroi and Oeconomicus, Xenophon makes a further development of his thought by confirming that the art of accumulating and using wealth is also an indispensable skill for organisers of social education. Part 3 presents the application of Xenophon’s theory of moral education in his epoch-making literary composition. His Agesilaus, which serves as a prototype for later biographies, depicts a historical figure living and acting according to the ethical principles which Xenophon sets for ideal political leaders; while his Oeconomicus, which influenced Hellenistic and Roman agricultural works greatly, attempts to bring the experience of public education into the domestic sphere. The analysis of these themes confirms that Xenophon actually established a theory of moral education, which is social, highly political but also philosophical, in his extant corpus. On the one hand, Xenophon’s theory is less profound than that of Plato or Aristotle and is sometimes superficial and occasionally self-contradictory; on the other hand, the theory is original, innovative and influential in the history of classical literature, and therefore deserves our respect and serious treatment.
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Bussiahn, René. "Laserabsorptionsspektroskopische Untersuchungen in Helium-Xenon-Glimmentladungen." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=98444811X.
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O'Neill, Jason Darren. "Brute force polarisation of xenon-129." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2008. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13887/.
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In recent years the number of applications using NMR spectroscopy of hyperpolarised noble gases has expanded rapidly. The signal enhancement hyperpolarisation provides has led to its implementation in studies as diverse as materials science and biological imaging. 129Xe in particular, with its easily deformed electron cloud, is proving to be a uniquely sensitive probe for nanoporous structures. At present hyperpolarises gas production is limited to optical pumping (SEOP). In this study we investigate another approach, the brute force technique. At very low temperatures and high magnetic fields the Boltzmann distribution of spins for magnetic nuclei is heavily biased in a single direction. At temperatures below 10 mK and in magnetic fields of 15 T, 129Xe polarisations exceeding 40% are attainable. The utilisation of the brute force technique is hindered by the extraordinarily long relaxation time need for this polarisation to occur. In this study, we give details of our investigations of two relaxation catalysts, oxygen and helium-3. It is shown that paramagnetic molecular oxygen causes rapid relaxation of solid xenon at temperatures as low as 500 mK. We report on the enhanced relaxation, by liquid 3He of xenon films adsorbed on to silica gel and exfoliated graphite substrates. The investigation of this mechanism is extended to other magnetic nuclei and improved rates of relaxation are observed in 13C and 1 H. Details are also given, of how this mechanism of relaxation can be halted by the addition of superfluid 4He. Unique observations in the 129Xe NMR spectra are reported, providing a unique opportunity to study the coupling between individual layers of 129Xe atoms. Finally, a novel mechanism of cooling, by the filtering of energetic atoms through a porous ceramic membrane, is investigated.
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Wendland, Jozef Jacek. "RF discharge excited atomic xenon lasers." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/626.
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Elezzabi, Abdulhakem Y. "Studies of a xenon chloride laser." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27421.
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A compact, transverse discharge XeCl laser has been constructed. The laser employs an LC double inversion circuit, and is operated, at an optimum gas mix containing 1.12% Xe, 0.56% HCl, and 98.32% He, at a maximum filling pressure of 80 Psi. The electrical efficiency of the laser is typically 0.3%, with an output energy of ≈ 95 mj and an output laser pulse FWHM of 13.5 nsec, resulting in an output power of ≈ 7 MW. The discharge current reaches a peak value of 7.75 KA, with a rise time of 24 nsec, whereas the voltage reaches a maximum value of 29.1 KV, with a rise time of 111 nsec.
By using a CO₂ Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the electron density was measured for the optimum mix (4.01±x10¹⁵cm⁻³). Several studies at different Xe : HCl ratios showed that the dissociative attachment of HCl molecules is responsible for the electron loss during the discharge.
The electron temperature was calculated using the measured values of discharge resistance and the drift velocity. The results show that electrons cool by inelastic collisions with HCl molecules.Science, Faculty of
Physics and Astronomy, Department of
Graduate
18
Higginson, T. "Greek attitudes to Persian kingship down to the time of Xenophon." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384799.
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Tuplin, Christopher J. "The failings of empire : a reading of Xenophon "Hellenica" 2.3.11-7.5.27 /." Stuttgart : F. Steiner, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35582522r.
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Wienands, Joshua Nikolai. "Coils, fields and xenon : towards measuring xenon spin precession in a magnetic field for the UCN collaboration." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/59080.
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In this thesis I present my work on building a set of magnetic coils for the purpose of performing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) on Boltzmann polarized protons in water, and on hyperpolarized ¹²⁹Xe. The coils were designed to be used as a method for testing the degree of polarization achieved in ¹²⁹Xe, and for testing the capability of an in-house developed continuous wave (CW) ultraviolet (UV) laser to drive a 2-photon transition in ¹²⁹Xe. This laser will be used to measure the precession frequency of ¹²⁹Xe in a magnetic field, in order to precisely measure the magnitude of that field. This work is being done for the ultra-cold neutron (UCN) collaboration’s flagship experiment: to measure the neutron electric dipole moment (EDM). Previous neutron EDM experiments have only found an upper limit, and have been limited in precision largely because of systematic errors in the magnetic field strength measurement. These experiments, such as the one performed at Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), which has given us the current lowest limit, used ¹⁹⁹Hg as a co-magnetometer. The UCN EDM experiment will add ¹²⁹Xe in addition to the ¹⁹⁹Hg, to make a dual co-magnetometer. By using multiple species of atoms in the measurement, systematic effects can be greatly reduced. I have characterized the coils that I built by performing NMR on protons in water. I measured the inhomogeneity in the B₀ field, across the sample container, to be 18.9±0.9 μT. It turns out that the homogeneity of the B₀ field can be improved significantly, and it will likely be necessary to do so in order to perform similar experiments on hyperpolarized ¹²⁹Xe. I also found the T₁ time of water in this setup to be 2.7±0.2 s.Science, Faculty of
Graduate
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Kilian, Wolfgang. "Erzeugung von hyperpolarisiertem 129Xe-Gas und Nachweis mittels In-vivo-NMR-Bildgebung, NMR-Spektroskopie sowie SQUID-Messtechnik." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2001/105/index.html.
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Saha, Bejoy. "Bestimmung der Lebensdauern kollektiver Kernanregungen in 124Xe und Entwicklung von entsprechender Analysesoftware." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=972193332.
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Reiter, Thomas. "Untersuchungen zum Einfluss einer Xenonanästhesie auf die rechtsventrikuläre Funktion." [S.l. : s.n.], 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:289-vts-66435.
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Kondo, Kazutaka. "Socrates' Understanding of his Trial: The Political Presentation of Philosophy." Thesis, Boston College, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/3926.
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Thesis advisor: Robert C. BartlettThis dissertation investigates how Socrates understands his trial. It is a well-known fact that Socrates is accused of impiety and corruption of the young and is subsequently executed. Unlike an ordinary defendant who is supposed to make every effort to be acquitted, Socrates, behaving provocatively, seems even to induce the death penalty. By reading Plato's and Xenophon's works, this dissertation clarifies his thoughts on the trial that must be the basis of his conduct and explains how he achieves his aim. To deal with Socrates' view of the trial as a whole, this study examines three questions. First, does he believe in his own innocence? I argue that before and even at the trial, Socrates does not intend to prove his innocence effectively. He does not reveal his belief clearly, but at least it is clear that to be acquitted is not his primary purpose. Second, what does Socrates want to achieve at the trial? Socrates' primary purpose is to demonstrate his virtue in public. His speech that provocatively emphasizes his excellence as a benefactor of the city enables him to be convicted as a wise and noble man rather than as an impious corrupter of the young. Third, why does he refuse to escape from jail? I argue that by introducing the speech that defends the laws of the city, Socrates makes himself appear to be a supremely law-abiding citizen who is executed even when escape is possible. This study maintains that Socrates vindicates his philosophy before the ordinary people of Athens by making a strong impression of his moral excellence and utility to others. His presentation of philosophy makes it possible that being convicted and executed are compatible with appearing virtuous and being respected. Socrates promotes his posthumous reputation as a great philosopher, and thus secures the life of philosophy after his death by mitigating the popular hostility against him and philosophy as such. Socrates' understanding of his trial leads us to his idea of the nature of philosophy and the city, and of their ideal relationship. This dissertation is therefore an introduction to Socratic political philosophy
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2011
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Political Science
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Lorch, Benjamin. "Moderation as a Political and Philosophical Virtue in Xenophon’s Memorabilia." Thesis, Boston College, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/1952.
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Thesis advisor: Christopher BruellThis study of Xenophon’s Memorabilia investigates the famous Socratic thesis that virtue is knowledge. Specifically, it is an attempt to understand the claim that anyone who knows what the right thing is to do, automatically chooses to do it. I concentrate on Socrates’ view of one particular virtue, namely moderation. This is both because moderation is the virtue that Xenophon’s Socrates most often identifies with knowledge, and because it is the virtue that Xenophon associates most closely with Socrates himself. The first part of the dissertation considers whether the thesis that virtue is knowledge is an accurate description of ordinary moral life. The first task is to articulate the ordinary moral outlook. I examine the presentation of this outlook in seven conversations about political ambition in Book Three of the Memorabilia. I conclude that according to Xenophon’s Socrates, the moral outlook is based on two beliefs. One belief concerns the content of the moral law. It is the belief that we are obligated to do good for others, and in the first place to be good citizens and serve our country. The second belief is that morality is good, and the greatest good, for the individual who obeys the moral law, regardless of the apparent sacrifices that it requires. This second belief seems to be the basis for the view that virtue is knowledge: obedience to the moral law is so good that anyone who knew this would automatically obey the law, and anyone who resists obeying it must be ignorant of how good it is. The moral outlook combines these two beliefs. It holds that that what is best for the political community is also best for the individual, or that the law that directs us to do good for others and the law that discloses to us what way of life is best for ourselves are the same law. This belief is so fundamental to the moral life that the question, whether what is good for the individual really coincides with what is good for the community, is not a legitimate question to raise, and it cannot be raised without departing somewhat from the ordinary moral attitude. On the other hand, once the fundamental assumption of moral life comes to light as a mere assumption, it is impossible to avoid investigating it, and to continue to assume that we know what virtue is. Accordingly, the second half of the dissertation attempts to clarify this question, by examining Xenophon’s presentation of the Socratic education in Book Four of the Memorabilia. I argue that this part of the Memorabilia does not assume that virtue is political virtue, and rather shows how Socrates investigated what virtue is without this prior assumption. The last part of the dissertation is a preliminary effort to follow Socrates’ investigation of this question
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2008
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Political Science
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DOMINIQUE, CLAUDE. "Spectroscopie visible et proche infrarouge des melanges neon-xenon : cinetique de l'etat 6p(5/2)::(3) du xenon." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30150.
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Etude spectroscopique (200-1000 nm) des gaz purs et des melanges xe-ne excites par particules alpha. Dans ne, observations du systeme schumann-runge de o::(2) qui accompagne les emissions plus habituelles des impuretes de ce gaz, du proche lv au visible. Dans les melanges, mise en evidence de transferts d'energie du gaz le plus leger vers le plus lourd. A faible concentration de xe (1%), observation de deux emissions centrees a 328 et 334 nm, dont l'intensite diminue rapidement au cours du temps et quand la concentration de xe diminue. A haute pression totale et faible concentration de xe, attribution de la luminescence autour de 825 nm a la transition 2p::(6)-1s::(5) a 823 nm alors que la transition 2p::(5)-1s::(4) a 844 nm est preponderante dans les autres cas. Etude cinetique difficile de l'emission a 882 nm, evaluation de la duree de vie de l'etat 2p::(8) de xe
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Brunner, Eike. "International Symposium XeMAT2015 September 13-17, 2015 in Dresden, Germany: International Symposium XeMAT2015 September 13-17, 2015 in Dresden, Germany: Xenon/hyperpolarized noble gases in magnetic resonance." Technische Universität Dresden, 2016. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A29180.
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The present Book of Abstracts includes most of the contributions to the International Symposium XeMAT 2015, Xenon/hyperpolarized noble gases in magnetic resonance. This symposium took place from September 13-17, 2015 in Dresden in the new chemistry building of TU Dresden and covered all aspects of the use of xenon and hyperpolarized gases in magnetic resonance. This included for example materials science, biosensing, imaging, and molecular bioimaging as well as all aspects of gas hyperpolarization. The conference program included 15 invited lectures, 14 contributed talks as well as more than 20 posters.
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Tagliabue, Aldo Carlo Fernando. "Commentary on the first book of the Ephesiaca of Xenophon of Ephesus." Thesis, Swansea University, 2011. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa43155.
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Bahreyni, Behraad. "Deep etching of silicon with xenon difluoride." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ62689.pdf.
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Zerrouk, Taha-El-Amine. "Phase transitions of xenon adsorbed on graphite." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333446.
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Shaw, Maxine M. "A study of fluorodecarboxylation using xenon difluoride." Thesis, Keele University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.483584.
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The modes of reaction of xenon difluoride are still not completely understood. The reagents' varying stability under different reaction conditions has given it the reputation of being somewhat unpredictable. An in depth NMR stability study of xenon difluoride in various solvent I container systems has been undertaken, which has improved our understanding of how the reagent may behave with substrates under a variety of different conditions. The reactions of trimethylsilyl esters with xenon difluoride have been investigated. Reactions of xenon difluoride are catalysed by Pyrex and therefore this reaction was studied in both Pyrex and PTFE vessels. Fluorodecarboxylation is the major reaction in PTFE, but this is not the case for the reactions in Pyrex. A further investigation of the reactions of carboxylic acids with xenon difluoride has also been performed. Again, this reaction was studied in both Pyrex and PIFE containers. Fluorodecarboxylation is the major reaction in PIFE, but in Pyrex no fluorination is observed; in these vessels a rearrangement mechanism predominates. The identification of minor as well as major products from these reactions has allowed the determination of possible mechanistic pathways for these processes. Xenon difluoride is believed to react largely via an SET mechanism in PTFE vessels and via a xenon fluoro-ester intermediate, of the type RC02XeF, in Pyrex. An additional study of the incorporation of various nucleophiles (X) into these reactions has aided in mechanistic studies and also provided a potential route to compounds of the form RX (where acid = RCO2H).
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Haward, Mark T. "Spectroscopy and photochemistry in liquid xenon solution." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334777.
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Ford, Joseph Earl. "Investigations into the xenon chloride excimer laser." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24666.
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A discharge pumped LC inversion type XeCl excimer laser was constructed, and its discharge and output were examined. A maximum output energy of 167 mJ was achieved, with an efficiency of 0.56%, using 60 psi of a gas composed of 0.56% HCl, 2.48% Xe, 48.48% He, and 48.48% Ne. The 308 nm laser output pulse had a fwhm of 20 ns and a peak power of 8.6 MW. When charged to 35 kV, the voltage inversion reached a peak of ~45 kV and dropped to zero in ~35 ns. The fwhm of the discharge current was 46 ns, with a peak current of 15.3 kA. The electron density in the discharge was measured using an infrared Michelson interferometer, and found to have a fwhm of 30 ns and a peak value of 12±5xl0¹⁴ cm⁻³.Science, Faculty of
Physics and Astronomy, Department of
Graduate
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Huang, Juin-Lung. "Law, reconciliation and philosophy : Athenian democracy at the end of the fifth century B.C. /." St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/437.
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McCloskey, Benjamin Orion. "Xenophon’s Kyrou Amathia: Deceitful Narrative and The Birth of Tyranny." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1354721463.
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Hobden, Fiona. "Representing the symposion : identity and performance in the 'Symposia' of Plato and Xenophon." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13817.
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This thesis contends that to uncover the 'real' symposion from its literary and artistic representations is a difficult task. Every representation of the symposion is informed by its author's wider textual ambitions. Its shape, the roles it plays, and the meanings it conveys are all determined by considerations other than providing an authentic snapshot of sympotic life. However, by acknowledging and investigating these authorial strategies, it might just be possible to catch a glimpse of the event they purport to represent, as this close reading of the Symposia of Plato and Xenophon aims to show. For, at the heart of Plato and Xenophon's ambitions lies an interest in the protocols and procedures of the symposion, even as these are shaped for philosophical ends. Chasing the symposion via this route will lead us into a world of philosophy and education, where the democratic city clashes with and is subsumed into processes of elite self-fashioning. The performances in Plato's idealised symposion are epideixeis which affirm (at the same time as they open up and explore) their performers' claims to be well-educated, symposion-gomg kaloi kagathoi. By contrast, the epideixeis of Xenophon's symposiasts take part in a discussion of kalokagaihia, and suggest how the symposion might (or might not) facilitate its learning. Both Plato and Xenophon are concerned with the symposion as a location for kalokagathia and with kalokagathia as a process. In its quest for the symposion, this thesis uncovers two distinct, but related, conceptions of the symposion and suggests some new ways of reading Plato and Xenophon's Symposia. For Plato, the symposion operates alongside the more traditionally 'philosophical' content of his dialogue. By contrast, Xenophon imposes his writerly agenda on top of his symposion, extolling the merits of his textual Symposium over the symposion.
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Seidel, Stefan. "Chemie im Supersauren Halogen-Kationen, Xenon als Komplexligand /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2001/125/index.html.
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Wittwer, Oliver Marc. "Solidification of xenon: Instabilities leading to complex structures /." Zürich : ETH, 2006. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=16643.
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Dawson, Jaime Victoria. "Zeplin III : a two-phase xenon wimp detector." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407366.
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Klippel, Stefan [Verfasser]. "MRI Cell-labeling with Xenon Nanocarriers / Stefan Klippel." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1074404785/34.
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Hamada, S. A. "On-line measurements on krypton and xenon isotopes." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373913.
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Zhu, Xu Carleton University Dissertation Chemistry. "129Xe NMR spectroscopy of xenon in coal micropores." Ottawa, 1994.
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Ness, Karen Margaret Montgomery. "Multiphon ionisation and laser-induced autoionisation in xenon." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47426.
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Holt, Judson Robert 1974. "The interaction of xenon difluoride with Si(100)." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8052.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, 2002.Also issued in leaves. Vita.
Includes bibliographical references.
The interaction of low energy XeF2 with Si(100)2x1 has been investigated by studying both the surface-bound and gas-phase products of the reaction. Helium atom diffraction, beam-surface scattering and thermal desorption measurements are the major techniques used to probe the surface-bound products of the reaction. It is found that XeF2 dissociatively chemisorbs with high probability solely on the Si dangling bonds up to a coverage of about one monolayer (ML). Molecular fluorine has previously been observed to react similarly, saturating the dangling bonds at 1 ML coverage. The thermal desorption products and kinetics from the fluorinated layer produced by XeF2 exposure are identical to that produced by F2 exposure. The interactions of XeF2 and F2 are also strikingly similar with respect to the order of the Si surface up to about 1 ML coverage. The surface order is monitored by He diffraction detected by a line-of-sight, differentially pumped mass spectrometer. In both systems, the diffracted He beams exhibit a sharp decrease in intensity due to the disorder produced by the fluorination of random surface unit cells as the coverage increases from zero to about 0.3 ML. The intensity then increases until the fluorine overlayer has fully recovered its 2x 1 periodicity at about 1 ML. This recovery corresponds to the decoration of each Si dangling bond with a fluorine atom. A critical observation of this study is that despite the large exothermicity of the dissociative chemisorption of XeF2 or F2, which is approximately 230-250 kcal/mol, the order of the surface is not destroyed in either system. After saturation of the dangling bonds, F2 ceases to react with the surface while XeF2 continues to deposit fluorine by reacting with the Si-Si a dimer bonds and the Si-Si lattice bonds.
(cont.) The order is destroyed as a result of the continued fluorine deposition and ultimately etching occurs by the formation of volatile SiF4. The gas-phase products of the reaction are studied using the time-of-flight (TOF) technique. The translational excitation of XeF from single atom abstraction is observed to be only a small fraction of the reaction exothermicity, implying that the abstraction reaction can be described by a potential energy surface with a transition state in the entrance channel. Furthermore, the angular distribution of the XeF becomes peaked towards normal on a fluorinated surface, suggesting that the combined influence of molecular steering and steric hinderance serve to align the XeF2 into a more favorable perpendicular orientation prior to the reaction. The observation of reactively scattered F atoms indicates that some of the XeF from atom abstraction dissociates to produce a F atom and a Xe atom. This dissociation is modeled using the conservation of energy and momentum to predict the trajectory of the scattered F and Xe atoms from the gas-phase dissociation of XeF in a forward convolution calculation that takes into account the initial velocity, scattering angle, orientation and energy distributions of the XeF prior to dissociation. The calculation successfully predicts the observed F and Xe atom TOF distributions at all angles and coverages. ...
by Judson Robert Holt.
Ph.D.
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Wang, Liang-Guo. "Studies of Rydberg atomic xenon and molecular hydrogen /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487323583622812.
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Telkki, V. V. (Ville-Veikko). "Xenon porometry:a novel method for characterization of porous materials by means of ¹²⁹Xe NMR spectroscopy of xenon dissolved in a medium." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2006. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514279913.
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Abstract
The present thesis describes the development of a novel method, referred to as xenon porometry, for the determination of the structural properties of porous materials by means of xenon NMR spectroscopy. The method exploits the high sensitivity of the chemical shift of the ¹²⁹Xe isotope to its local environment. The purpose of the medium added to the sample is to slow down the diffusion of xenon so that the NMR signal of a xenon atom is characteristic of the properties of one pore, and the signals of all the atoms in the sample represent the distribution of the properties.
Two types of porous materials (controlled pore glasses and silica gels) with well-known properties and three different media (acetonitrile, cyclohexane, and naphthalene) were used in the studies. The behavior of the medium and dissolved xenon at different temperatures around the melting point of the medium was explained. By varying the pore size of the material, three different correlations that make it possible to measure the pore sizes of unknown materials were experimentally determined. The chemical shift of xenon inside pockets built up in the pores during solidification of the medium turned out to be especially sensitive to pore size, and this correlation makes it possible to determine the pore size distribution. The curious behavior of the chemical shift as a function of pore size was explained by using a model based on the fast exchange between xenon adsorbed on the walls of the pockets and free xenon in the middle of the pockets. It was also proved that the porosity of the materials can be determined by comparing the intensities of two signals originating from xenon dissolved in a liquid medium.
A comparison of the xenon porometry method with other methods used for pore size characterization leads to the following conclusions: The range of applications of the method is relatively wide, the measurements are fast and easy to do, the analysis of the spectra is simple on the basis of the information presented in this thesis, and the properties of the materials can be extracted from the spectral data with basic mathematical conversions. Because there are several different types of correlations available in the same spectra that represent the properties of the porous material, the complementary information of all the correlations make it possible to obtain a picture of the structures of very complex systems.
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Mount, Seth. "Serum-Free Xenogen-Free Culture Conditions Support Human Explant-Derived Cardiac Stem Cell Growth." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35678.
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Autologous explant-derived cardiac stem cell (EDC) therapies are a promising therapy for ischemic cardiomyopathy, but straightforward clinical translation is limited by traditional culture conditions which are often supplemented with ill-defined and xenobiotic components such as fetal bovine serum. Therefore, we investigated the influence of a commercially sourced serum-free (SF) xenogen-free medium on human EDC yield, phenotype, in vitro measures of EDC performance, and post-infarct cardiac repair using an immunodeficient mouse model of acute myocardial infarction. Despite reduced production of several pro-cardiogenic cytokines, SF EDCs promoted similar vessel formation, circulating stem cell recruitment and cardiogenic differentiation as compared to standard cultures. Transplant of SF EDCs into immunodeficient mice 1 week after myocardial infarction boosted post-ischemic repair beyond that of standard EDCs by enhancing viable myocardium within the infarct. These findings demonstrate that serum-free culture methods provide a superior cardiac-derived cell product with ready clinical translatability.
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Jeng, Shie-Chang. "New fluorescence technique to search for neutrino masses by identification of 0v[beta][beta] decay ¹³⁶Ba⁺ ion daughters in liquid xenon." Access citation, abstract and download form; downloadable file 6.04 Mb, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3131677.
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Tassali, Nawal. "IRM moleculaire a base de xenon hyperpolarise par laser." Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00797966.
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L'imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM) est une technique médicale incontournable permettant d'observer l'intérieur du corps de façon non invasive et non irradiante. L'IRM reste cependant connue pour souffrir d'une très faible sensibilité. Pour pallier cette limitation, une solution de choix est d'utiliser des espèces hyperpolarisées. Parmi les entités dont on peut augmenter la polarisation nucléaire et donc le signal RMN de plusieurs ordres de grandeur, le xénon se distingue par sa capacité à interagir avec son environnement proche, ce qui se traduit par une large gamme de déplacement chimique. L'objectif devient alors d'utiliser le xénon hyperpolarisé comme traceur. Le sujet de cette thèse porte sur le concept de sonde IRM 129Xe hyperpolarisé par laser pour la détection d'évènements biologiques. Dans cette approche, le xénon est vectorisé vers des cibles au moyen de systèmes hôtes fonctionnalisés puis détecté grâce à des séquences d'imagerie rapide. La conception et la mise au point d'un montage permettant la production de xénon hyperpolarisé par pompage optique par échange de spin sont décrites. Sont ensuite développées des études sur l'interaction du gaz rare avec de nouveaux cryptophanes susceptibles de constituer des molécules hôtes performantes. La mise en place de séquences IRM adaptées au caractère transitoire de l'hyperpolarisation et permettant l'utilisation optimale de l'échange du xénon dans les différents environnements est présentée. Des applications de biosondes IRM 129Xe pour la détection de cations métalliques et de récepteurs de surface cellulaire sont également décrites. Enfin, nos premiers résultats sur un modèle petit animal sont abordés.
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Bock, Harald. "Experimentelle und theoretische Untersuchungen zu Diorgano-Xenon(II)-Verbindungen." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=97163811X.
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