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1

Bond, Patrick. "In South Africa, “Rhodes Must Fall” (while Rhodes’ Walls Rise)." New Global Studies 13, no. 3 (November 18, 2019): 335–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ngs-2019-0036.

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AbstractThe African borders established in Berlin in 1884–85, at the peak of Cecil John Rhodes’ South African ambitions, were functional to the main five colonial-imperial powers, but certainly not to African societies then, nor to future generations. The residues of Rhodes’ settler-colonial racism and extractive-oriented looting include major cities such as Johannesburg, which are witnessing worse inequality and desperation, even a quarter of a century after apartheid fell in 1994. In South Africa’s financial capital, Johannesburg, a combination of post-apartheid neoliberalism and regional subimperial hegemony amplified xenophobic tendencies to the boiling point in 2019. Not only could University of Cape Town students tear down the hated campus statue of Rhodes, but the vestiges of his ethnic divide-and-conquer power could be swept aside. Rhodes did “fall,” in March 2015, but the South African working class and opportunistic politicians took no notice of the symbolic act, and instead began to raise Rhodes’ border walls ever higher, through ever more violent xenophobic outbreaks. Ending the populist predilection towards xenophobia will require more fundamental changes to the inherited political economy, so that the deep structural reasons for xenophobia are ripped out as convincingly as were the studs holding down Rhodes’ Cape Town statue.
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Ikuomola, Adediran Daniel, and Johan Zaaiman. "We Have Come to Stay and We Shall Find All Means to Live and Work in this Country: Nigerian Migrants and Life Challenges in South Africa." Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology 9, no. 2 (February 26, 2016): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.21301/eap.v9i2.6.

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In recent times many Nigerians have been singled out when it comes to criminal activities and xenophobic attacks in South Africa, which leads to disruption of the hitherto cordial relationship between South African host communities and Nigerian migrants. Nevertheless, the rate of Nigerians migrating to South Africa keeps soaring. Studies of migration between Nigeria and South Africa, have been scanty, often limited to the study of traditional economic disparity between the two countries with less emphasis on the social-cultural challenges facing Nigerian migrants in the host communities.This paper thus examined the socio-economic and cultural challenges facing Nigerian migrants in selected communities in Johannesburg, South Africa. Data for the study were collected through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with Nigerian migrants in Hillbrow, Braamfontein and Alexandra suburbs in Johannesburg, South Africa.
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3

Hungwe, Chipo. "Zimbabwean Migrant Entrepreneurs in Kempton Park and Tembisa, Johannesburg: Challenges and Opportunities." Journal of Enterprising Culture 22, no. 03 (September 2014): 349–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495814500150.

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The study explores the lives of seventeen Zimbabwean entrepreneurs studied in Tembisa and Kempton Park, Johannesburg in 2012. It analyses the structure of opportunity available to these entrepreneurs and argues that although migrants can create employment, they do not necessarily benefit the local populations because their businesses are too small and also because of their reluctance to employ locals whom they consider lazy and troublesome. Zimbabweans originally migrated to South Africa in search of good salaried jobs rather than self-employment. Self-employment is largely a result of dissatisfaction with the conditions of employment, inability to get desired jobs and having a better command of human and social capital. These migrants have a short history in self-employment and are the first to establish such economic ventures in their families. Their businesses thrive because of hardwork, engaging in activities that they are familiar with (thus they do not venture into complicated, unfamiliar territory) and relying on the neighbourhood which serves as a market. All the entrepreneurs studied view South Africa as a land of opportunities where one can establish himself/herself and survive, although the environment is riddled with xenophobia. However, most can be classified as survival entrepreneurs.
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4

Erasmus, Judith. "‘Homelessness & Hope’ - Johannesburg's Ponte City." Open House International 34, no. 3 (September 1, 2009): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2009-b0009.

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This paper focuses on Ponte City, a high rise residential tower within the inner city of Johannesburg, South Africa - the highest of its kind in the southern hemisphere. This equally visually and socially notorious cylindrical building has since its erection in the 1970's become an icon and simulacrum of Johannesburg city life. It is located on the border of the suburb of Hillbrow, a restless transcendental suburb, known for its well mixed population of locals and migrant non South Africans, especially from other African countries. The inner city suburbs of Hillbrow and surround is furthermore notorious for being overcrowded and dangerous, with crime and xenophobia reaching peak statistics within the country. Famous for its peculiar shape and size, and somehow the epitome of what has and is happening in these areas, are Ponte City. It has become the first point of arrival for thousands of migrants from the rest of Africa and functions as a beehive of tangible and non-tangible systems and myths. Although it primarily provides a big concentration of homes for many, its purpose and influence has always been about something bigger - a reference to visual and structural feat, to social elitism, to African migration, and to urban legend of both horror and delight. The paper investigates the significance of Ponte as built form within this milieu of fear and transition. The building is seen as an urban body that has moved beyond the borders of its physical existence. It is described how it functions and exercises influence in the collective imaginations of its users and spectators. It also looks into how it asserts traditional definition and the significance of volatility in such inner-city environments. Experimental theories of homelessness, concept cities and cities with people as infrastructure are investigated and utilized in order to grasp a new understanding of the building within this unique milieu.
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5

Clacherty, Glynis. "Artbooks as witness of everyday resistance: Using art with displaced children living in Johannesburg, South Africa." Global Studies of Childhood 11, no. 1 (March 2021): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2043610621995820.

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Artbooks, which are a combined form of picture and story book created using mixed media, can be a simple yet powerful way of supporting children affected by war and displacement to tell their stories. They allow children to work through the creative arts, which protects them from being overwhelmed by difficult memories. They also allow, even very young children, to show us how they cope with past violence and present injustice by recalling and representing the small everyday overcomings of their lives – a garden they planted in DRC, a mother who walks them across a busy Johannesburg street, a curtain blowing in the door of their new home – just as it did in their old home. The books allow them to witness to the injustice of xenophobic violence by neighbours and the immoveable bureaucracy attached to accessing documents, through representing the small details of their lives in crayons and paint. Making artbooks also allows for some measure of meaning-making in the chaos of the everyday in a hostile city where their parents struggle to maintain a normal life for them. Books are also a powerful way for children to safely share their stories and advocate for changed attitudes, laws and policies in the increasingly migrant-hostile South African society. The article will tell the story of a book-making project run over a number of years at a community counselling centre that works with families on the move in Johannesburg South Africa. It will also describe how some of the children’s books have become a powerful advocacy tool through their inclusion in the digital library of the African Storybook project. The article will explore some of the practical details of the project and the theory around the power of the representation of the everyday which we are beginning to derive from the work.
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6

Ndlovu, Duduzile S. "Imagining Zimbabwe as home: ethnicity, violence and migration." African Studies Review 63, no. 3 (September 2020): 616–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2019.65.

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Abstract:Migration debates tend to focus on the numbers of people moving, whether they are economic migrants or asylum seekers, deserving or not of protection. This categorization usually rests on national identity, necessitating simplified one-dimensional representations. Ndlovu uses a case study of Zimbabwean migrants memorializing Gukurahundi in Johannesburg to highlight the ways in which migration narratives can be more complex and how they may shift over time. She presents Gukurahundi and the formation of the MDC in Zimbabwe, along with xenophobic violence in South Africa, as examples of the ways that the meanings of national and ethnic identities are contested by the migrants and influenced by political events across time and space.
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7

Everatt, David. "Xenophobia, Civil Society and South Africa." Politikon 38, no. 1 (March 15, 2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02589346.2011.548661.

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8

Khan, Pervaiz. "South Africa: from apartheid to xenophobia." Race & Class 63, no. 1 (July 2021): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03063968211020889.

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How to explain the violent xenophobic attacks in South Africa in recent years? Two militant South African activists, Leonard Gentle and Noor Nieftagodien, interviewed here, analyse the race/class bases for the anti-foreigner violence in terms of the echoes/reverberations of apartheid and the rise of neoliberalism. They argue that remnants of apartheid have endured through the reproduction of racial and tribal categories, which has contributed to the entrenchment of exclusionary nationalist politics and the fragmentation of black unity. South Africa’s specific history of capitalist development, the African National Congress’s embraces of neoliberalism, on the one hand, and rainbowism, on the other, have produced the underlying conditions of precarity and desperation that resulted in the normalisation of xenophobia. The unions, too, have failed to recognise the new shape of the ‘working class’. Gentle and Nieftagodien outline the need to contend with the broader social conditions, the global economic crisis, neoliberalism and the deep inequalities it engenders in order to counteract the rising tide of xenophobia and build working-class unity.
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9

Ferley, Margaret. "American Review (Johannesburg, South Africa)." Serials Review 19, no. 2 (June 1993): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00987913.1993.10764137.

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Abrahams, Caryn, and David Everatt. "City Profile: Johannesburg, South Africa." Environment and Urbanization ASIA 10, no. 2 (August 21, 2019): 255–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975425319859123.

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The city of Johannesburg offers insights into urban governance and the interesting interplay between managing the pressures in a rapidly urbanizing context, with the political imperatives that are enduring challenges. The metropolitan municipality of Johannesburg (hereafter Johannesburg), as it is known today, represents one of the most diverse cities in the African continent. That urbanization, however, came up hard against the power of the past. Areas zoned by race had been carved into the landscape, with natural and manufactured boundaries to keep formerly white areas ‘safe’ from those zoned for other races. Highways, light industrial plant, rivers and streams, all combined to ensure the Johannesburg landscape are spatially disfigured, and precisely because it is built into the landscape, the impact of apartheid has proved remarkably durable. Urban growth is concentrated in Johannesburg’s townships and much of it is class driven: the middle class (of all races) is increasingly being found in cluster and complexes in the north Johannesburg, while poor and working-class African and coloured communities in particular are densifying in the south. The racial and spatial divisions of the city continue to pose fundamental challenges in terms of governance, fiscal management and spatially driven service delivery.
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Ferley, Margaret. "American Review (Johannesburg, South Africa)." Serials Review 19, no. 2 (June 1993): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0098-7913(93)90008-x.

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12

Cairncross, Bruce. "Two South African Museums: The Johannesburg Geological Museum,Johannesburg, South Africa." Rocks & Minerals 87, no. 5 (September 2012): 418–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529.2012.709159.

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13

Vromans, Lyn, Robert D. Schweitzer, Katharine Knoetze, and Ashraf Kagee. "The experience of xenophobia in South Africa." American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 81, no. 1 (January 2011): 90–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.2010.01075.x.

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14

Prah, Efua. "Migration, Xenophobia and Entrepreneurship in South Africa." Journal of Southern African Studies 43, no. 3 (April 19, 2017): 651–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03057070.2017.1309851.

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15

Makoni, Busi. "Metalinguistic discourses on translanguaging and multimodality." Language, Culture and Society 2, no. 1 (July 3, 2020): 66–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lcs.19007.mak.

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Abstract This article explores metalinguistic discourses of black African immigrants (BAIs) in Johannesburg on how they mobilize multilingual and multimodal resources in their communicative practices to pass as South Africans (SAs), concealing their identities as non-SAs to avert violent xenophobic attacks. Drawing data from semi-structured interviews and group discussions with BAIs, the article investigates how BAIs report on creatively, strategically using translanguaging and multimodality in performance of ingroup membership as local black SAs, blurring the boundaries between “outsiders” and “insiders.” BAIs use passing as a social identity management strategy, to negotiate their putative identity and resist ascription of the foreigner-outsider categorization and attendant social meanings. Besides language(s), BAIs use modes of corporeal practice (embodiment, clothing semiosis, skin-bleaching) as legitimating markers of belonging. The article argues that using passing unsettles the distinction between local/insider/citizen and migrant/outsider/non-citizen – concepts framed around a nation-state – revealing tensions, contradictions, and complexities in the politics of identity in Johannesburg.
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16

Cairncross, Bruce. "The Geological Museum, Johannesburg, South Africa." Rocks & Minerals 76, no. 2 (March 2001): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357520109603206.

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17

Hartshorne, S. T. "Dermatological disorders in Johannesburg, South Africa." Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 28, no. 6 (October 30, 2003): 661–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2230.2003.01417.x.

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18

Pillay, Jerry. "Racism and xenophobia: The role of the Church in South Africa." Verbum et Ecclesia 38, no. 3 (October 6, 2017): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ve.v38i3.1655.

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Racism and xenophobia have become a worldwide issue and challenge. The recent flood of immigrants and refugees into Europe and America has put this matter on the world map. In South Africa racism and xenophobia have, in recent times, reached explosive proportions and have greatly intensified the need for the Church to get more deeply involved in the creation of racial harmony and peace as it works towards the fullness of life for all people. This chapter explored the challenges of racism and xenophobia in South Africa and concluded by discussing the role of the Church in combating these realities.
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19

Kerr, Philippa, Kevin Durrheim, and John Dixon. "Xenophobic Violence and Struggle Discourse in South Africa." Journal of Asian and African Studies 54, no. 7 (May 31, 2019): 995–1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909619851827.

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This paper argues that xenophobia in South Africa is entangled in discourses of liberation struggle, which are often used to justify anti-foreigner violence. We first examine some existing academic explanations for xenophobia, namely internalised racism, poverty/inequality, nationalism, and township and informal settlement politics. To avoid deterministically explaining xenophobia as ‘caused’ by any of these factors, however, we introduce a concept from social psychology, the concept of ‘working models of contact’. These are common frames of reference in which contact between groups is understood in terms of shared meanings and values. Xenophobic violence is not caused but instantiated in ways that are explained and justified according to particular understandings of the meaning of the ‘citizen-foreigner’ relationship. We then review three case studies of xenophobic violence whose perpetrators constructed a model of contact in which African ‘foreigners’ were undermining the struggles of South Africans in various socio-economic contexts. We also examine three cases where xenophobic violence was actively discouraged by invoking an inclusive rather than divisive form of struggle discourse. Thus the nature of the struggle itself becomes contested. We conclude by considering some dilemmatic implications that our analysis provokes.
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20

Kapp, Clare. "South Africa failing people displaced by xenophobia riots." Lancet 371, no. 9629 (June 2008): 1986–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(08)60852-1.

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21

Solomon, Hussein, and Louise Haigh. "Xenophobia in South Africa: Origins, Trajectory and Recommendations." Africa Review 1, no. 2 (July 2009): 111–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09744053.2009.10597284.

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22

Hendricks, Natheem, and Shepi Mati. "Counteracting Xenophobia in South Africa Through Popular Education." New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education 2020, no. 165 (March 2020): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ace.20367.

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23

Tewolde, Amanuel Isak. "Reframing Xenophobia in South Africa as Colour-Blind: The Limits of the Afro Phobia Thesis." Migration Letters 17, no. 3 (May 8, 2020): 433–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v17i3.789.

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Many scholars and South African politicians characterize the widespread anti-foreigner sentiment and violence in South Africa as dislike against migrants and refugees of African origin which they named ‘Afro-phobia’. Drawing on online newspaper reports and academic sources, this paper rejects the Afro-phobia thesis and argues that other non-African migrants such as Asians (Pakistanis, Indians, Bangladeshis and Chinese) are also on the receiving end of xenophobia in post-apartheid South Africa. I contend that any ‘outsider’ (White, Asian or Black African) who lives and trades in South African townships and informal settlements is scapegoated and attacked. I term this phenomenon ‘colour-blind xenophobia’. By proposing this analytical framework and integrating two theoretical perspectives — proximity-based ‘Realistic Conflict Theory (RCT)’ and Neocosmos’ exclusivist citizenship model — I contend that xenophobia in South Africa targets those who are in close proximity to disadvantaged Black South Africans and who are deemed outsiders (e.g., Asian, African even White residents and traders) and reject arguments that describe xenophobia in South Africa as targeting Black African refugees and migrants.
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Shepard, Katherine F. "Sense (Scents) of South Africa." South African Journal of Physiotherapy 55, no. 1 (February 28, 1999): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajp.v55i1.551.

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This paper presents a brief description of some of the author’s perceptions of the land, of physiotherapy education and practice and of the struggle of the nation of South Africa acquired during a 4 week visit in late spring 1997. One week was spent in Cape Town participating in several venues at the International Congress of the South African Society of Physiotherapy. Three weeks were spent at the University of the Witswatersrand in Johannesburg presenting a course in qualitative research to health care colleagues representing the disciplines of physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech pathology and occupational health. During the time in Johannesburg several health care facilities were visited including Baragwanath Hospital, Natal Hospital and the Wits Rural Facility and Tinswalo Hospital at Acornhoek.
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van Hougenhouck-Tulleken, Wesley G., Nectarios S. Papavarnavas, Jeremy S. Nel, Lauren Y. Blackburn, Nelesh P. Govender, David C. Spencer, and Christopher K. Lippincott. "HIV-Associated Disseminated Emmonsiosis, Johannesburg, South Africa." Emerging Infectious Diseases 20, no. 12 (December 2014): 2164–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2012.140902.

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26

Bowley, Douglas M. G., Elias Degiannis, Jacques Goosen, and Kenneth D. Boffard. "Penetrating vascular trauma in Johannesburg, South Africa." Surgical Clinics of North America 82, no. 1 (February 2002): 221–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0039-6109(03)00151-8.

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Olaniyan, Tejumola. "ALA 2014 Presidential Address. Johannesburg, South Africa." Journal of the African Literature Association 10, no. 1 (January 2, 2016): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21674736.2016.1199338.

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28

DE BEER, J. H. "Geology of Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa." Environmental & Engineering Geoscience xxiii, no. 2 (May 1, 1986): 101–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.xxiii.2.101.

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Godinho, Lee-Anne, and Charles Feldman. "Clostridium difficile infection in Johannesburg, South Africa." Hospital Practice 46, no. 5 (October 15, 2018): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21548331.2018.1534431.

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Pretorius, Deirdre. "Two beadwork exhibitions in Johannesburg, South Africa." Communication Design 3, no. 2 (July 3, 2015): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20557132.2016.1199472.

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31

Ejoke, Ufuoma, and Kelechi Ani. "Historical and theoretical analysis of xenophobia in South Africa." Journal of Gender, Information and Development in Africa 6, no. 1/2 (June 12, 2017): 163–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2050-4284/2017/v6n1_2a8.

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Olifile Marumo, Phemelo, Mompati Chakale, and Amantle Mothelesi. "Xenophobia attack and development : a discourse in South Africa." African Renaissance S1, no. 1 (March 15, 2019): 185–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2516-5305/2019/s1n1a9.

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Umakant. "Mean streets: migration, xenophobia and informality in South Africa." Africa Review 8, no. 2 (May 26, 2016): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09744053.2016.1189490.

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Anderson, Alecia. "Mean streets: migration, xenophobia and informality in South Africa." Ethnic and Racial Studies 40, no. 8 (October 11, 2016): 1343–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2016.1243252.

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Everatt, David. "Xenophobia, State and Society in South Africa, 2008–2010." Politikon 38, no. 1 (March 15, 2011): 7–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02589346.2011.548662.

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Klotz, Audie. "Borders and the Roots of Xenophobia in South Africa." South African Historical Journal 68, no. 2 (March 3, 2016): 180–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02582473.2016.1153708.

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Palmary, Ingrid. "Mean streets: Migration, xenophobia and informality in South Africa." South African Journal of International Affairs 23, no. 4 (October 2016): 549–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10220461.2016.1254678.

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Segatti, Aurelia. "Mean Streets. Migration, xenophobia and informality in South Africa." South African Journal on Human Rights 33, no. 2 (May 4, 2017): 346–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02587203.2017.1338830.

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Mohammed Abdullah, Mustafa, Hardev Kaur, Ida Baizura Bt Bahar, and Manimangai Mani. "XENOPHOBIA AND CITIZENSHIP IN MEG VANDERMERWE’S ZEBRA CROSSING." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 8, no. 2 (May 3, 2020): 756–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.8284.

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Purpose of the study: In the past two decades several researchers have explored the concern of xenophobia in South African fiction. Studies sought to determine the reasons behind the prevalence of xenophobic violence in South Africa. Previous research on xenophobia claims that xenophobic violence is prevalent in the state is, in fact, due to economic and social reasons only. Yet, this article aims to correct the misconception of the Rainbow Nation that South Africa was supposed to have been achieved after 1994. Methodology: The text Zebra Crossing (2013) by the South African novelist Meg Vandermerwe is under the focus. The concept of Michael Neocosmos of Citizenship from the postcolonial theory is applied to the selected text. A close reading of the text and qualitative research is the method of my analysis. The article will focus on the acts of violence reflected in the text in an attempt to find the reasons behind such acts. Neocosmos' valid conceptualization about the outbreaks of xenophobia in South Africa in the post-apartheid is applied to the selected text. Main Findings: the article will conclude that the notion of the rainbow nation in South Africa is no more than a dream due to the outbreaks of xenophobia and the ongoing violence against foreigners. It will also prove that the continuous xenophobic violence in South Africa is not because of social or economic reasons only yet, there is a political discourse that engenders and triggers the natives to be more xenophobic. Thus, the state politics of exclusion, indigeneity, and citizenship are the stimuli for citizens to be more aggressive and violent against foreigners. Applications of this study: the study will add new insight to the domain of English literature generally and the South African literature specifically. The study will be valuable in immigration literature as it deals with the plights of migrants in South Africa and their suffering from xenophobic violence. The study is located in the postcolonial approach. Novelty/Originality of this study: the study offers new insight towards xenophobia in South Africa. The concept applied in the study has not been explored so far in the selected text. Previous research claimed that xenophobia in South Africa is due to economic and social reasons but did not focus on the legacies of postcolonialism nor the new political system. The study is original and new as it discusses an ongoing and worldwide phenomenon utilizing a new concept.
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Mubangizi, John C. "Xenophobia in the labour market: A South African legal and human rights perspective." International Journal of Discrimination and the Law 21, no. 2 (May 6, 2021): 139–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13582291211014412.

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This article focuses on xenophobia in the South African labour market and the effect it can and does have on foreign employees. In contrast to current scholarship that portrays xenophobia in South Africa as a consequence of anti-immigrant sentiments and stereotypes that stem from social, political, economic and cultural misconceptions, this paper argues that the causes of xenophobia are much more complex than that. In addition to those misconceptions, it is argued, xenophobia in South Africa may well have its genesis in the pre-1994 apartheid and colonialism era which sought to impose segregation and instill hatred between and among black people. The main argument in the paper, however, is that the South African legal framework and its implementation do not go far enough in addressing the problem of xenophobia in the workplace. As a result, the rights of foreign employees are negatively impacted and not sufficiently protected. To underscore this point, the paper undertakes a discussion on the legal framework and the pertinent human rights implications of xenophobia in the South African labour market before making some recommendations on what can be done to protect the rights of foreign employees better and reduce or prevent xenophobic attacks against them.
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Mlambo, Daniel Nkosinathi, and Victor H. Mlambo. "To What Cost to its Continental Hegemonic Standpoint: Making Sense of South Africa’s Xenophobia Conundrum Post Democratization." Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies 8, no. 2 (May 10, 2021): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/696.

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From the 1940s, a period where the National Party (NP) came into power and destabilized African and Southern Africa’s political dynamics, South Africa became a pariah state and isolated from both the African and African political realms and, to some extent, global spectrum(s). The domestic political transition period (1990-1994) from apartheid to democracy further changed Pretoria’s continental political stance. After the first-ever democratic elections in 1994, where the African National Congress (ANC) was victorious, South Africa was regarded as a regional and continental hegemon capable of re-uniting itself with continental and global politics and importantly uniting African states because of its relatively robust economy. However, the demise of apartheid brought immense opportunities for other African migrants to come and settle in South Africa for diverse reasons and bring a new enemy in xenophobia. Post-1994, xenophobia has rattled South Africa driven (albeit not entirely) by escalating domestic social ills and foreign nationals often being blamed for this. Using a qualitative methodology supplemented by secondary data, this article ponders xenophobia in post-democratization South Africa and what setbacks this has had on its hegemonic standpoint in Africa post the apartheid era.
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Jürgens, Ulrich, and Martin Gnad. "Gated Communities in South Africa—Experiences from Johannesburg." Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 29, no. 3 (June 2002): 337–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/b2756.

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In the course of a broad liberalisation and globalisation of South African society, the transformation of the apartheid city to the postapartheid city has contributed to an increase in crime as well as a feeling of insecurity among the people. Urban blight has changed a lot of the inner cities into ‘no-go areas’ for blacks and whites. For personal protection, since the end of the 1980s (the phase of the abolition of apartheid laws) living areas have been created in the suburbs whose uniqueness and exclusiveness are defined by the amount of safety measures. These are called gated or walled communities, or security villages, and their population structure combines social and racial segregation. The authors made a complete survey of two housing areas in northern Johannesburg in 1999. The traditional wish of South African families for a big estate and a home of their own has been replaced by the wish to live in town houses, cluster housing, and sectional title flats with shared use of swimming pools or tennis courts.
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Monna, F., M. Poujol, R. Losno, J. Dominik, H. Annegarn, and H. Coetzee. "Origin of atmospheric lead in Johannesburg, South Africa." Atmospheric Environment 40, no. 34 (November 2006): 6554–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.05.064.

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44

Zihindula, Ganzamungu, Anna Meyer-Weitz, and Olagoke Akintola. "Lived Experiences of Democratic Republic of Congo Refugees facing Medical Xenophobia in Durban, South Africa." Journal of Asian and African Studies 52, no. 4 (August 11, 2015): 458–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909615595990.

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This research was undertaken to explore experiences of xenophobia by refugees from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) with the health care system in Durban, South Africa. The study adopted a qualitative methodology consisting of 31 in-depth interviews with refugees from the DRC. Framework analysis was conducted. The findings revealed that refugees face medical xenophobia during their encounter with health care workers with language barriers and documentation as the first stumbling block in efforts to seek health care services. The pervasiveness of xenophobia is also experienced in prejudice evident in ethnic slurs, unwelcome and insensitive comments and discriminatory practices, including denial of treatment, contributing to inequality in health care delivery.
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Ibrahim, Yusuf Kamaluddeen, Abdullahi Ayoade Ahmad, and Usman Sufyan Duguri. "The Complexities of South African Xenophobia on Nigerian Nationals." Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ) 4, no. 2 (November 18, 2020): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/4.2.7.

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The Nigerian-South African relationship is couched in the paradigm of intricate interdependence. The elements that brought the two African major powers closer include political, cultural, and economic dimensions. Therefore, any dissimilarity of interest between both countries would ruin their relationship and implicate the whole African Union concept that unites Abuja/Pretoria relations. Over 100 South African companies permeate the Nigerian market in several economic sectors and most are successfully operating in Nigeria. Nigerian companies such as First Bank, among others, are also operating in South Africa. As long as South Africa and Nigeria are both dominant powers in their respective sub-regions, a threat like xenophobia needs to be eradicated and coordinate some effective policies for Africa's development. The study employed a qualitative method and library sources, past literature on different xenophobic trends noted in the journal articles, books, and others, on the South African xenophobia and its implications on Nigeria/South African relationship. The study adopted the frustration-aggression theory and it found that incessant xenophobic attacks on Nigerian nationals and other foreigners in South Africa are based on prejudices. The study went further with suggestion to provide some panacea to the catastrophe of South African xenophobia.
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Huang, Mingwei. "The foreign and the familiar: Reading the China bag in South Africa." International Journal of Cultural Studies 22, no. 4 (February 22, 2019): 536–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367877919831015.

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This article explores the China bag, the iconic red-white-blue plaid bag, as a global commodity, material object, and art object in the context of racialized xenophobia in South Africa. With multiple meanings, the bag is simultaneously familiar and foreign, ubiquitous in its circulation and associated with migration. I consider the ways it is imbued with xenophobic sentiment and its agential capacity for marking racialized bodies as foreign. Through close readings of artworks by Nobukho Nqaba, Dan Halter, and Ronald Muchatuta, I show how artists deploy the China bag to critique xenophobia, and in so doing, make visible its agency.
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Blaser Mapitsa, Caitlin. "Local Politics of Xenophobia." Journal of Asian and African Studies 53, no. 1 (August 24, 2016): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909616662489.

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Drawing on research from five peri-urban sites across South Africa on how local government is responding to mobility, this research explores how xenophobia is being produced by local governance processes and structures. Building a better understanding of the mechanisms of exclusion in local government is essential not only for planning interventions that may strengthen democracy, but to understand how the daily practices of local government can promote, or undermine democracy.
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Kgari-Masondo, M. C., and S. Masondo. "“For peace sake” : African language and xenophobia in South Africa." Journal of African Foreign Affairs 6, no. 3 (December 15, 2019): 87–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2056-5658/2019/6n3a5.

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Phakathi, Mlungisi. "The role of music in combating xenophobia in South Africa." African Renaissance 16, no. 3 (September 17, 2019): 123–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2516-5305/2019/v16n3a7.

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Steenkamp, Christina. "Xenophobia in South Africa: What Does it Say about Trust?" Round Table 98, no. 403 (August 2009): 439–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358530903017949.

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