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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Xenophobism'
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1
Forsberg, Lotte. "Xenophobic responses on social media: the case of Donald Trump : Political Communication and Xenophobia on Social Media." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-40542.
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President Trump’s communication style is different than his predecessors and his colleagues in the political arena. He mainly communicates through social media, whether it is with other presidents, his followers or enemies. Moreover, Trump’s style of practicing politics is often referred to as populism. One of the features of populism is the sympathy for nationalism or xenophobic nationalism (Mudde 2013;2014). Therefore, this study tries to find out whether there are differences in xenophobic comments on the three main social media platforms of Donald Trump – Twitter, Facebook and Instagram. In total, thirty comments were analysed classified amongst the three social media platforms and divided into the category of either ‘political’ or ‘non-political’. Findings show that the relation between Trump’s social media pages and xenophobia are related to intergroup anxiety and negative stereotypes (Stephan and Stephan, 2000). Furthermore, this study does not prove that there are differences in xenophobic comments between a political and a non-political post. However, it does conclude that Trump’s Facebook was the only social media platform that did not show any xenophobic comments, compared to the other two social media platforms that were analysed.
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Kruijtzer, Gijs. "Xenophobia in seventeenth-century India." Leiden Leiden Univ. Press, 2009. http://swbplus.bsz-bw.de/bsz311188761inh.htm.
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De, Masi Sonya Marie. "Xenophobic charity : escaping the cultural ghetto /." Title page and introduction only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09ard372.pdf.
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Wenk, Christian. "Abjection, madness and xenophobia in gothic fiction." Berlin : wvb, Wiss. Verl, 2008. http://d-nb.info/989569101/04.
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Tastan, Coskun. "The Uncanny Object: A Lacanian Analysis Of Xenophobia." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1044858/index.pdf.
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The study aims to define xenophobia, which is attached such meanings as &lsquo<br>hostility against foreign people&rsquo<br>or &lsquo<br>fear of alien people&rsquo<br>, through the main concepts of Lacanian Psychoanalysis. The &lsquo<br>fear of/hostility against foreign people&rsquo<br>is treated, in this study, by references to the subject-object relation formulated in Psychoanalysis. The study aims to give an original account of the spiral of subject-object through such concepts as &lsquo<br>polarization&rsquo<br>, &lsquo<br>annexation&rsquo<br>, and &lsquo<br>ergonomy&rsquo<br>. Under the light of this account, an attempt follows to recast the term xenophobia. The analysis focuses on three main historical lines, to check the account of the term set down in the study, as well as to fortify and clarify its limits: Capitalism, industrialization and nationalism. As a conclusion, the study maintains that both xenos (stranger) and fear dwell within the subjective field. Accordingly, the study concludes that xenophobia originates not from the &lsquo<br>primary qualities&rsquo<br>of the object of fear/hatred (xenophile), but from the deepest ranges of the subjectivity of fear/hatred (xenophobe). Hence, it is asserted that xenophobia is a subjective delirium, rather than an objective form
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Baker, Joseph O., David Cañarte, and L. Edward Day. "Race, Xenophobia, and Punitiveness Among the American Public." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5574.
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We outline four connections between xenophobia and punitiveness toward criminals in a national sample of Americans. First, among self-identified whites xenophobia is more predictive of punitiveness than specific forms of racial animus. Second, xenophobia and punitiveness are strongly connected among whites, but are only moderately and weakly related among black and Hispanic Americans, respectively. Third, among whites substantial proportions of the variance between sociodemographic, political, and religious predictors of punitiveness are mediated by levels of xenophobia. Finally, xenophobia is the strongest overall predictor of punitiveness among whites. Overall, xenophobia is an essential aspect of understanding public punitiveness, particularly among whites.
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Barbali, Silvana Claudia. "Coping with xenophobia : Senegalese migrants in Port Elizabeth." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/1627/.
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Baker, Joseph O., David Canarte, and Edward Day. "Race, Xenophobia, and Punitiveness Among the American Public." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5384.
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We outline four connections between xenophobia and punitiveness toward criminals in a national sample of Americans. First, among self-identified whites xenophobia is more predictive of punitiveness than specific forms of racial animus. Second, xenophobia and punitiveness are strongly connected among whites, but are only moderately and weakly related among black and Hispanic Americans, respectively. Third, among whites substantial proportions of the variance between sociodemographic, political, and religious predictors of punitiveness are mediated by levels of xenophobia. Finally, xenophobia is the strongest overall predictor of punitiveness among whites. Overall, xenophobia is an essential aspect of understanding public punitiveness, particularly among whites.
9
Chikanda, Flora. "The relationship between language and xenophobia: a developmental perspective." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/4942.
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Modernisation, globalisation, neoliberalism and the increase in immigration have morphed into xenophobia, as they have resulted in structures that increased inequalities and competition for scarce resources, although there are other factors such as the global recession that is deepening inequalities and social classes. In South Africa, xenophobia is a topical matter, with chronic violent outbursts. The study addresses the gap in knowledge in the relationship between language and xenophobia. Language is central to human communication and to human socialisation and is not neutral but is embedded in ideologies that favour specific interest groups. The neoliberal ideology compels people as human capital to develop linguistic capital. The paradox is that globalisation transcends the national to transnational, while at the same time being conscious of the local or the indigenous language. Globalisation promotes hybridity and diversity, while at the same time promoting homogeneity or Westernisation, which is contrary to the nationalist ideology to protect the cultural heritage of the locals. This thesis is guided by a range of classical and more contemporary development theories. It includes the use of Marxist theory with regard to ownership and unequal distribution of resources. The culture of violence that manifests in xenophobia in South Africa can also be related to the violence of the colonial and apartheid periods. This thesis is also guided by the post-colonial theory. It also looks at theories of modernity and of globalisation, suggesting that a truly ‘modern’ society should be transformed in all spheres and should value multifaceted human well-being (and not only in terms of economic ‘growth’). A primary objective of this study is to explore the role of language in social institutions such as education in order to understand how matters of language exacerbate xenophobia and to document the challenges related to language that ‘foreigners’ from other parts of Africa face in South Africa. Questions asked include whether they can survive/thrive without knowledge of local languages, whether they are victims of crime because they cannot speak the local languages and whether and how they are being assimilated into South African society. This research therefore, recommends that language planning in South Africa should maintain a balance in the use of the English language as a lingua franca and the use of the indigenous languages so as to avoid the language endangerment of the indigenous languages and monolingualism, as well as subtractive bilingualism. This research is against institutional discrimination of foreigners by use of language as a gate keeper or an entry fee into the higher domains. The results of this research lead to the recommendation on language planning that leads to economic opportunity, higher economic productivity, educational development, enrichment in the sense of creativity innovation, cognitive flexibility, and more effective social integration, while restoring citizens’ sense of self-worth and their experience of emotional and social security, and also promoting social integrity and nation-building. Good language planning should be a crucial aspect of development planning. This research contributes to the field of Development Studies in that it analyses the conflicting issues within language and xenophobia in South Africa, while using the complexity theory to restore a modernised society with modern values that are not xenophobic but open to the global society. It also contributes to the politics of culture by keeping a balance between the endogenous culture versus the exogenous culture; a localised culture versus a globalised culture.
10
Nell, Ian. "Preaching in a Xenophobic Culture: A South African Perspective." Institut für Praktische Theologie, 2019. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A36323.
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The large number of xenophobic attacks that broke out in different places in South Africa during 2008 is still continuing unabated ten years later. We are still under pressure to come to terms with the reality that this occurred in a country that is globally considered to be an example of reconciliation. In this article the primary causes of these xenophobic outbreaks stemming from fear are scrutinised and placed within the wider framework of a culture of fear. Finally, the impact of violence and fear on practice of preaching within a Christian context is discussed, asking the question: How do we go about preaching within this fearful context?
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Machona, Gerald Ralph Tawanda. "Imagine/nation : mediating 'xenophobia' through visual and performance art." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011106.
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This half-thesis has developed as a supporting document to an exhibition titled Vabvakure, people from far away, which responds to the growing trends of violence perpetrated against African foreign nationals living in South Africa. This violence which has generally been termed as 'xenophobia' has been framed within this discourse as 'afrophobia', as it is fraught with complexities of race, ethnicity and class. Evidently, not all foreign nationals are at risk but selective targeting of working class black African foreign nationals seems to be the modus operandi. Fanning these flames of prejudice are stereotypes and negative perceptions of Africa and African immigrants that have permeated into the national consciousness of South Africa, which the mainstream media has been complicit in cultivating. My practice is concerned with challenging this politic of representation in relation to the image of the African foreign national within South African society, who have been presented negatively and labelled as the 'Makwerekwere', the 'bogeymen' that have been blamed for the country’s current woes. In response to this, my research adopts the premise that forms of cultural mediation such as visual and performance art can offer further insights and possibly yield solutions that can be used to address these sentiments. As globalisation and neoliberal ideologies reshape the world, there is a growing need in the post-colonial state to revisit and re-construct notions of individual and collective identity, especially that of the nation. Nations, nationalisms and citizenry can no longer be defined solely through indigeneity, for as a result of radical shifts in the flow of migration and immigration policies that allow for naturalisation of aliens and foreign nationals, we are now faced with burgeoning levels of social diversity to the extent that constructions of nationhood that are based on the concept of autochthony have resulted in the persecution of the ‘other’.
12
Anyona, Ondigi Evans. "Face-work and identities in a discussion about xenophobia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3994.
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Magister Artium - MA<br>International students arriving at the University of the Western Cape (UWC) from other African countries find themselves in a position of having to negotiate their identities and positions with their South African counterparts. The local students too are faced with the prospect of doing the same since they have to coexist with the former. This study aims to investigate how, in a discussion about xenophobia, a selection of UWC students perform face-work and negotiate or construct their identities as well as those of their coparticipants and position themselves in relation to each other. I was interested in exploring how the participants, who were representative of the two groups that clashed in the xenophobic attacks of 2008, would engage with each other while discussing this sensitive topic.The data was gathered during an open-ended discussion among four UWC postgraduate
students in a casual, relaxed setting (my room on campus). The transcribed data was then analyzed using a combination of theoretical frameworks from Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) and Discourse Analysis. In particular, the SFL theory of modality(Halliday 1994) and Engagement (Martin and White 2005) and Goffman’s (1999[1967]) notion of face were used as tools of analysis.The analysis reveals that participants use a variety of linguistic choices and discourse strategies to maintain face during the discussion of this sensitive topic of xenophobia.
The participants make an effort to take care of each other’s face (desires to be appreciated and left free of any imposition) and keep conflicts to a minimum even when they at times disagree and give incriminatory information about each other. It also reveals that the participants, in addition to maintaining face, also construct and negotiate identities which in turn help build in-group solidarity and provide a sense of belonging to them.
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Sorensen, Thomas. "The lived experience of xenophobia within a South African university." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1013272.
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South Africa’s borders were opened up in 1994 after Nelson Mandela became president. Since then South Africa has been battling xenophobia as immigrants from African nations started to come to the rainbow nation for a better life away from persecution, civil wars, and extreme poverty. Still, up until 2008 when massive riots broke out in Alexandria Township in Gauteng, xenophobia was an unknown word to most people outside academic, social work, and government circles. This has all changed now as 2008 will in all likelihood be remembered as the year when xenophobic violence erupted in South Africa and became a general feature in our daily media bulletins, prime time television broadcasts, and in our society as a whole. The South African university where the current study took place was also affected by xenophobia although without any displays of public violence. The current study sought to understand and describe the lived experience of xenophobia by individual, international, African students at a South African university. The study adopted a qualitative approach and the methodology used was multiple case studies employing Tesch’s model of content analysis. The findings of the study showed that the research participants, as a combined group, have lived through a wide range of xenophobic experiences excluding physical violence and that the research participants’ personal characteristics influenced their exposure to and experience of xenophobia. The study contributed to the understanding of the lived experience of xenophobia within a South African university by international, African students.
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Beetar, Matthew David. "Transcontinental lives : intersections of homophobia and xenophobia in South Africa." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/70453/.
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This thesis focuses on prejudice located at the intersections of sexuality and nationality. Drawing on mixed qualitative research sessions involving men who are ‘LGBTI migrants' from African countries, and who are living in South Africa, the thesis offers three overarching points of focus. Firstly, it contextualises and critiques historical state structures and attitudes which shape understandings of identity in South Africa. Secondly, it analyses everyday experiences of xenophobia and homophobia, as experienced by ‘LGBTI' people who have migrated to the country for a variety of reasons. Finally, it locates these experiences within the structures identified and, based on participant-led discussions, offers a framework for understanding and suggestions for meaningful intervention. Using an overarching critical perspective of intersectionality and queer necropolitics I argue that contemporary South Africa fosters an image of inclusivity and exceptionalism that is vastly at odds with reality. In everyday spaces ‘LGBTI migrants' are often forced to ‘switch' between being either African or LGBTI. However, I argue that through journey-derived questioning of both Africanness and Queerness these processes of switching foreground hope and action. These are rooted in values of solidarity and community which extend, for fleeting moments, beyond labels and beyond geographic boundaries. Through a reconciled merging of these seemingly opposed subjectivities I argue that insight is offered into life beyond, yet within, national structures. In this way the participants exhibit an ‘African Queerness/Queer Africanness' which shifts them beyond necropolitical death and towards transcontinental life. I ultimately argue that this may be harnessed as a tool to intellectually, and practically, render Africa as a site of (African) queer potentiality. I suggest that LGBTI migrants, through their embodiment of a specific transcontinental future, are pioneers in revealing this potentiality.
15
Kraak, Shaun. "Contesting 'xenophobia' through civic education: explorations with ARESTA in Khayelitsha." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22937.
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This thesis suggests that out of the work of ARESTA, a new notion of citizenship and belonging was developed, as a result of their workshops. This notion is furthermore articulated in various communities. In this notion, citizenship is no longer linked to indigeneity, but rather escaping war and hardship, the need to work, and place of work. It is further justified by the concept of Pan-Africanism and a common humanity. Contradictions in the findings of the thesis point to the limitations of this workshop and the importance of broader societal issues. This thesis concludes that ARESTA's intervention makes a significant contribution in opposing xenophobia, in the light of what is possible in South Africa today. However, its work is ameliorative rather than radical structural change, what may be needed is far more elusive at present.
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Anderson, Timothy M. "Identity and Exclusion in Africa: An Examination of Autochthony and Xenophobia." Ohio University Art and Sciences Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouashonors1367501355.
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VandenBerg, Robert Joseph. "The Effect of Urban Status on Xenophobic Sentiment: A Case Study." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1405792524.
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Viltoft, Clara Dybbroe. "Xenophobia and Intergroup Conflict: An Inquiry Through The Concept of Health A qualitative field study on the perceptions of health among refugees and asylum seekers in Cape Town, South Africa." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21175.
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Motivated by the ongoing and widespread xenophobia in South Africa, this study explores the experiences of health access and the health sector by refugees and asylum seekers so as to understand intergroup relations, and more specifically the tensions between nationals and non-nationals. In achieving this, an ethnographic fieldwork was conducted in Cape Town, South Africa during Spring 2017; semi-structured interviews with refugees and asylum seekers provide the material for analysis to identify key perceptions on health and xenophobia to shed light on what possible peacebuilding initiatives should address. Key themes uncovered that intergroup violence based on nationality is prevailing in the areas and townships where refugees and asylum seekers live side by side with (black) South Africans. The presence of violence and the fear of risk of violence appear to fuel intergroup resentment and hostility. The lack of social well-being of the refugee became apparent in their frustrations in attaining safety in their everyday life. Moreover, it positions them so that they are unable to improve their own situation and attain health, health access, and health rights. Additionally, it found that a major obstacle to the realisation of health is connected to legal documentation as well as perceived competition for scarce health service. Specifically, it uncovered the perception of assumed hostile attitude (or fear hereof) by nationals among refugees and asylum seekers constitute both visible and invisible access barriers to the public health system and social integration. The application of the instrumental group conflict theory to the ethnographic interview material thus showed that to end what I term ‘norms of protracted social conflict rooted in xenophobia’, refugees and asylum seekers access to and treatment in the health sector is integral for their inclusion into society. It can simultaneously foster relations with the locals and, at the same time, allow for an everyday life wherein the individual can participate in and contribute to the South African society.
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Barnabe, Paula. "Xenophobia and social exclusion: Experiences of female Rwandan refugees in South Africa." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27442.
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Gomo, Tapiwa. "Analysis of media reporting and xenophobia violence among youth in South Africa." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för konst, kultur och kommunikation (K3), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24027.
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Through the use of content analysis, qualitative interviews and quantitative questionnaire survey, this study look at the role of media reporting on xenophobia among youth in South Africa. The study is based on Alexandra Township , a overcrowded and poor settlement in Johannesburg, South Africa. I choose Alexandra because it was the site of many attacks against African immigrants in April 2008. News content from 36 news media was examined on how their content might have contributed to the xenophobic attitudes.The media content findings show a very strong stereotyping and bias against African immigrants which is enough to feed to the xenophobia attitude. However, both qualitative and quantitative findings do not confirm a link between this bias and xenophobic attitude in Alexandra. Competition for resources, their experiences with foreigners, myths social prejudice and the bad behavior by some African immigrants were the main sources of influence. This suggests that the society is influencing the media content and not the other way round as is commonly the case. This phenomenon challenges the assumed power of the media. The study also reveals that while the media in South Africa has little effect on xenophobia attitudes there is a chance that if the media change the way they report on African foreigners, some respondents indicated that it may change their view on African foreigners. Over and above this requires the media to adopt social change models to influence social cohesions while encouraging the government to address incumbent social problems facing both the people of Alexandra and the immigrants as findings suggest a possibility of another xenophobia outbreak if the government does not address social problems in places such as Alexandra.
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van, der Velde Adrian T. "Allies to Enemies: Popular Xenophobia During the Seventeenth Century Anglo-Dutch Wars." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1464439960.
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Kerr, Robert McNab. "The territorial imperative of xenophobia : putting the Extreme-Right in its place /." view abstract or download file of text, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3072592.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2002.<br>Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 176-194). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Botha, Johannes Rudolf. "Xenophobia conflict in De Doorns; a development communication challenge for developmental local government." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20094.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Xenophobic hostility is not an unfamiliar concept – it is practiced all over the world, also in
South Africa. Defined by the South African Human Rights Commission (SAHRC) as a
deep dislike of non-nationals by nationals of a recipient state, it constitutes a violation of
the human rights of a targeted group, threatening the very principals upon which the young
democracy is modelled on. What distinguishes xenophobia in South Africa from the rest of
the world is its violent manifestation. In this country xenophobia is more than just an
attitude, it is a violent practise, fuelled by racism, intolerance, ignorance and incapacity to
deliver on developmental expectations.
The 2008 xenophobic attacks in major centres in South Africa stunned the local and
international communities, causing researchers to rush in search of answers. Just as the
furore turned into complacency, on 17 November 2009, 3000 Zimbabwean citizens living
in the rural community of De Doorns in the Western Cape were displaced as a result of
xenophobic violence. Reasons for the attacks vary, with some blaming the contestation for
scarce resources, others attribute it to the country’s violent past, inadequate service
delivery and the influence of micro politics in townships.
In assessing the reasons for the attacks the study claims that the third tier of government
in terms of its Constitutional developmental mandate fails to properly engage with
communities on their basic needs; that its inability to live up to post-apartheid expectations
triggers frustration into violent xenophobic action. The De Doorns case offers valuable
insight into the nature and scope of the phenomenon in rural areas, highlighting local
government’s community participation efforts in exercising its developmental responsibility
and dealing with the issue of xenophobia.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Xenofobie is nie ’n onbekende verskynsel nie, dit kom reg oor die wêreld, ook in Suid-
Afrika voor. Gedefinieer deur die Suid Afrikaanse Menseregte Kommissie as ’n diep
gesetelde afkeur aan vreemdelinge deur die inwoners van ’n gasheer land,
verteenwoordig dit ’n skending van menseregte en hou dit ’n bedreiging vir die jong
demokrasie in. Xenofobie in Suid-Afrika word gekenmerk deur die geweldadige aard
daarvan. Hier verteenwoordig dit meer as ’n ingesteltheid, dit is ’n geweldadige uiting van
gevoelens, aangespoor deur, rassisme, onverdraagsaamheid, onverskilligheid en die
onvermoë om aan ontwikkelings-verwagtinge te voldoen.
Die 2008 xenofobiese aanvalle in die stedelike gebiede van Suid-Afrika het die land en die
wêreld diep geraak en ’n soeke na oplossings ontketen. Op 14 November 2009 word die
gerustheid na die 2008 woede erg versteur toe 3 000 Zimbabwiërs in De Doorns in die
Wes-Kaap deur xenofobiese geweld ontheem is. Redes wat aangevoer word wissel vanaf
mededinging vir werksgeleenthede tot die land se geweldadige verlede, onvoldoende
dienslewering en die invloed van mikro politiek in woonbuurte.
Met die oorweging van redes vir die aanvalle maak die studie daarop aanspraak dat die
derde vlak van regering in terme van sy Konstitusionele ontwikkelings-mandaad gefaal het
om na behore met die gemeenskappe rondom hul behoeftes te skakel, dat die regering se
onvermoë om aan die post-apartheid verwagtinge te voldoen frustrasie in xenofobiese
geweld laat oorgaan het. Die De Doorns geval bied waardevolle insig in die aard en
omvang van xenofobiese geweld in landelike gebiede en lê klem die plaaslike regering se
hantering van openbare deelname in terme van sy ontwikkelings verpligtinge.
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Beltran, Veda Elizabeth. "Xenophobia, Populism, and the Rise of the Far-Right in France and Germany." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1478.
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The purpose of this study is to further examine the populist wave that has struck the West, with specific regards to France and Germany. The growing anti-immigrant sentiment, the discontent with “establishment” politics, and fear-mongering tactics has given rise to far-right political parties such as the National Front and the Alternative for Germany. These political parties prove threatening to the democratic institutions in place, for they wish to limit the liberties of those who seem too different. Through delving into the core values of these countries and specific events revolving around foreigners, I explain how xenophobic ideology has been allowed to permeate through France and Germany’s society and has increased the legitimacy of political leaders like Marine Le Pen and Frauke Petry.
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Luca, Mario. "E-migrants : the refugee crisis, online media and the spread of xenophobic populism." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IEPP0044.
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Cette thèse se concentre sur le rapport entre la crise des réfugiés et l’émergence des médias numériques qui ont contribué à la montée des mouvements xénophobes et populistes en Italie. Dans le premier chapitre, nous analyserons l’impact sur le vote à l’extrême droite de la présence de réfugiés au niveau municipal. Nous trouverons que des centres d’accueil de petite taille contribuent à une diminution de la quantité de crimes de haine et à une baisse du vote en faveur de l’extrême droite. Cet effet est plus important lors que la municipalité a un accès limité à internet. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous étudierons comment une hausse de l’attention médiatique pour la migration peut avoir un effet sur le racisme en ligne. Nous montrerons que les naufrages de bateaux de migrants en Méditerranée sont un choc exogène à la conversation en ligne sur Twitter et qu’après ces tragédies la polarisation du discours augmente. D’un côté, les sympathisant de gauche diminuent les critiques envers l’immigration après un naufrage, de l’autre la droite augmente la quantité de tweets s’opposant à la migration. Le racisme en ligne est aussi corrélé à une augmentation des crimes de haine au niveau départemental. Dans le troisième chapitre, nous effectuerons une expérience pour comprendre la popularité des médias numériques. Nous trouvons que la populations plus âgée et moins éduquée, ainsi que les votants d’un parti populiste, préfère les médias numériques. Ce choix n’est pas seulement dû à une préférence stylistique, mais à une perception différente de la qualité des articles numériques. Cette population trouve que les médias numériques sont plus dignes de confiance que les médias traditionnels<br>This dissertation aims to shed light on how the refugee crisis and online media interacted together and contributed to the rise of xenophobic and populist movements in Italy. In the first chapter we analyse the impact on far-right voting of an increased presence of refugees at the municipal level. We find that small reception centers lead to a decrease on far-right voting and hate crimes. This effect is driven mostly by municipalities that are less connected to the internet, which suggests that online media play an important role in the way migration is perceived. We also find that right-wing politicians are less likely to open such reception centres, possibly anticipating the negative electoral effect they might have. In the second chapter, we focus on the impact of a rise in salience of migration on hate speech online. We show that shipwrecks in the Mediterranean are an exogenous shock on the online conversation on Twitter and we show that in the aftermath of a tragedy polarization increases. While left-wing politicians and voters are less likely to express an anti-migrant sentiment after a shipwreck, right-wing ones are even more openly anti-migrant. Hate speech online is also correlated with an increase of hate crimes offline. In the third paper, we run an experiment to understand who consumes clickbait news and why. We find that older, less educated people who are more likely to vote for a populist party prefer online media. We also show that this preference does not come from taste alone, but from a perceived higher level of informativeness of such media by this population
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Uwimpuhwe, Denys. "Xenophobia and the role of immigrant organizations in the City of Cape Town." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5273.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD<br>The aim of this study is to develop an understanding of Cape Town's foreign African immigrants by looking at the profile, character and role of immigrant associations and how they shape survival strategies as well as possible paths to the integration of African immigrants. The thesis seeks to develop an understanding of the mediating role played by Cape Town's African foreign immigrant organisations. I also look at the transnational activities of these organizations. I selected Cape Town because it prides itself on liberal values of toleration, diversity and non-racialism while at the same time branding itself as an African City. The City of Cape Town has no comprehensive policy that protects or promotes the immigrants’ interests. The study of the agency and organisations of foreign African immigrants has been singularly neglected by scholars who have been mostly concerned with understanding why South Africans are xenophobic. This study is largely qualitative with life stories interviews that shed light on the context of exit and reception of African immigrants in Cape Town and reveals the hardship immigrants endure and the problems they face in their efforts to integrate into South African society. The thesis shows the different kinds of exclusions African immigrants face in both private and public spaces and highlights also the role of immigrant's
organizations in negotiating space and dealing with xenophobic attacks on their
community members. My findings concur with the work of key scholars such Alejandro Portes. Immigrant organisations have a variety of activities and sub-organisations that promote both transnational and local collective action. The thesis documents types of immigrant organisations, their characteristics, location, membership, objectives, activities and their efforts in assisting their members in cases of xenophobic attacks. In Cape Town, immigrants have formed organizations that help them to network with one another in order to negotiate space in this hostile environment.
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Aden, Abdi Ahmed. "An instance of xenophobia: An investigation into the violence against somali traders in Khayelitsha." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5704.
Full textAbstract:
Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA<br>South Africa has been praised by many as having the most democratic constitution in the world
which safeguards the rights of all who live within the borders of the nation. Ironically this has
not been so with migrants, refugees, and asylum-seekers, mainly of African origin. Attacks on
these groups have been on the increase since the 1990s with little protection of their rights and
dignities by the South African authorities. Many of the attacks reported takes place in townships
and informal settlements which is mostly inhabited by black South Africans. The purpose of this
study was to investigate the attacks on Somali traders in the township of Khayelitsha.
The study adopted the theory of prejudice functionalism and relative deprivation theory. In
addition, the Scape-goat hypothesis, the isolation hypothesis and the Bio-cultural hypothesis
theories were also applied through the study. Qualitative research approaches were used to probe
into the attacks against Somali traders in the township of Khayelitsha. Analysis of data was done
through content analysis where data was presented thematically by narratives that relate to the
study objectives.
The findings indicate that the major causes for xenophobia operated in a cycle that has four
stages. Hatred causes of the attacks by the local community, which are criminal in nature.
Finally, once the attacks have subsided, the Somali traders cope by opening up new shops; either
within Khayelitsha or in other areas. After some time; the cycle repeats itself. The behaviour of
government officers in different departments also displayed acute hatred for the Somalis and as a
result, the service delivery of those departments was not satisfactory. The study therefore
recommended that the government should put in place a mechanism where the victims can
access justice. This starts from reporting at the police to the investigation and prosecution of
culprits in courts of law.
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Dienga, Mukanya Ada. "Counselling South African nationals in a situation of xenophobia : a biblical approach / Dienga M.A." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7374.
Full textAbstract:
This study attempts to develop Biblical guidelines to minister South African nationals in
a situation of xenophobia. The guidelines were developed from an interaction between
normative indicators from Scripture and literature describing the sociological and
psychological interpretative perspectives regarding the phenomenon of xenophobia with
the indicators of a descriptive empirical study as focus point.
Xenophobia in South Africa has been a result of people believing that they deserve
what they consider theirs but stolen by foreigners. Migrants tend to be blamed for crime,
corruption and other socioeconomic ills; they are seen as the source of illegitimate
competition for jobs, trade and houses.
The unfulfilled expectations lead to nationals taking out their frustrations and bitterness
on foreigners. The poor are perhaps now more conscious of their rights and that create
good ground for xenophobic sentiments.
In addressing the problem of xenophobia in South Africa the study attempted to answer
the following questions:
1. What does literature from human sciences indicate with regard to counselling in a
case of xenophobia?
2. What are the factors that bring about fear and hatred as they are expressed in acts of
xenophobia?
3. What is the Biblical view on xenophobia?
4. What pastoral counselling guidelines should be suggested that specifically
communicate and minister the full implications of the Gospel message of reconciliation
in the context under scrutiny?
This study has employed the research methodology described by Dingemans (1996:
62) as he reasons that most practical theologians in recent times distinguish three
aspects in a practical– theological research project:
· The analysing description of the practical– theological situation;
· research into normative viewpoints;
· the development of a strategy for change flowing from the description of the
normative viewpoints.
The interaction between meta–theory, normative perspective and the empirical findings
has led to four major pastoral guidelines for counselling South–African nationals
impeded by xenophobia:
· Perspective– renewing dimension: South Africans should show kindness to the
physical foreigners knowing that they are spiritual foreigners here on earth.
· Covenantal dimension: God wants South Africans to demonstrate grace and
social justice to those who are the vulnerable in the society (Poor, widows and
foreigners). God is love and those that find themselves connected to Him by
means of the covenantal relationship should also live in love.
· Eschatological dimension: South Africans should know that there is a day of
judgement and therefore they should know that the attitude against the foreigners
should be either punished or rewarded.
· Missiological dimension: South Africans should know that the world is at their
doorpost and take the opportunity to reach out to foreigners with the gospel.<br>Thesis (M.A. (Pastoral))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.
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Murara, Odette. "On being a "foreigner": How African international students at UWC make sense of xenophobia." University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5224.
Full textAbstract:
Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS)<br>This thesis is an exploratory study of how African international students at the University of the Western Cape (UWC) in South Africa experience xenophobic attitudes and behaviours, and how they make sense of it. In post-apartheid South Africa, the xenophobia phenomenon has become an intensely debated issue. While numerous researchers have attempted to investigate the forms of xenophobia and the underlying reasons of aggressive behaviour towards foreign migrants in South Africa, very few studies have been done thus far on xenophobia at South African Higher learning institutions. In this research I am interested in finding out whether international students particularly African international students at UWC, encounter xenophobia on campus and outside the academic environment. An Ethnographic study was conducted on and off the UWC campus, which involved participant observation, in-depth one on one interviews, focus group and diaries which were kept by key informants to record their daily experiences. The research participants were ten UWC African international students, who stay on and off campus, from different levels and field of study. The strategy to analyse the data was framed on basis of inductive approach. Moreover, informal discussions were used as a source of data to this study and I also made use of my own experiences as of one of African international students at UWC. The findings pinpoint that xenophobic experiences of African international students inside and outside the university include exclusion, discrimination, verbal abuse, blames and harassments, as well as stereotypes. The findings also show that xenophobic violence is experienced off campus. Although the violence experience was reported by one student out of the research participants, this issue is still pertinent enough to be considered. The central argument of the thesis is that while no violence against foreign African students has been reported from UWC, this does not mean that there would be no instances of xenophobia there. Instead, this research shows that because at higher learning institutions we find mostly people of the social middle classes, xenophobia is expressed in subtle ways through negative attitudes and behaviours towards foreign students.
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de, Regil Ashley. ""Like it or not, here we are" : exploring xenophobia towards Nicaraguan immigrants in Costa Rica." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/7455.
Full textAbstract:
In recent decades, Costa Rica has experienced an increasing number of Nicaraguan immigrants who have come to the country seeking political refuge, work, education or other opportunities. Meanwhile, Costa Rica has developed and maintained an image of itself as an exceptional nation within Central America, standing out for its peaceful and democratic foundation. One consequence of these processes has been the rise of strong negative attitudes held by Costa Ricans towards Nicaraguans. How and from where did the negative perceptions originate from? What feeds these negative attitudes? How can these attitudes be challenged? These questions were addressed through a qualitative participatory action research project with 18 Nicaraguans in 3 distinct areas of Costa Rica. Interviews were audio recorded or filmed. Anaylsis of these interviews suggests that overall, xenophobic attitudes towards Nicaraguans are strong in Costa Rica. Individual differences between participants’ motivations and experiences as immigrants challenge the widespread stereotypes about Nicaraguan immigrants. The socioeconomic status of participants influenced their experience of xenophobia, as did the cultural diversity of the area in which they lived. Finally, the different ways in which the participants experienced and were involved with resisting widespread xenophobic attitudes in society challenges mainstream literature on resistance as well as drawing attention to the different practices that contest xenophobia in different areas and across different social classes.
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Mangezvo, Pedzisayi Leslie. "Xenophobic exclusion and masculinities among Zimbabwean male migrants : the case of Cape Town and Stellenbosch." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96485.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (DPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The anthropological investigation of masculinities remains an understudied dimension of transnational migration and xenophobia studies in post-apartheid South Africa. This thesis sets out to examine the interface between xenophobia, migrant experiences and masculinities among Zimbabwean male migrants in Cape Town and Stellenbosch. Drawing from the conceptual ideas of Critical Studies of Men (CSM) and on the basis of conversations with Zimbabwean male migrants in Cape Town and Stellenbosch, the thesis explores the relationship between the perceived threat of xenophobia and the production of enclaved, subaltern, troubled and aspirational masculinities. The thesis assesses how “xenophobia talk” among the Zimbabwean male migrants appears to produce socio-spatial separations with South African nationals. We see in the football-playing migrants in Stellenbosch an attempt to circumvent perceived exclusion by establishing enclaved male domains that assert their ‘authority’ as Zimbabwean men. The thesis therefore demonstrates the productivity of talk in the construction of xenophobia, male identities and identifications. There is literature suggesting that sections of South African nationals refer to African migrants derogatively as amakwerekwere. Conversely, evidence from Cape Town and Stellenbosch show how Zimbabwean male migrants openly talk about South Africans in equally adverse terms. This raises questions about the role migrants play in the production of reverse xenophobia and their contribution towards the perpetuation of processes of othering that transnational migration often engenders. The thesis draws the conclusion that the threat of xenophobia does not deter Zimbabwean male subjects from migrating to South Africa. However, it compels them to map South African urban spaces in very specific ways.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die antropologiese ondersoek na vorms van manlikheid is ʼn dimensie van studies oor transnasionale migrasie en xenofobie in postapartheid Suid-Afrika waaroor daar steeds min navorsing gedoen word. Hierdie tesis ondersoek die skeidingsvlak tussen xenofobie, migrante se ervarings en vorms van manlikheid onder manlike Zimbabwiese migrante in Kaapstad en Stellenbosch. Gebaseer op die konsepsuele idees van Critical Studies of Men (CSM) en gesprekke met manlike Zimbabwiese migrante in Kaapstad en Stellenbosch, ondersoek die tesis die verhouding tussen die waargeneemde bedreiging van xenofobie en die totstandkoming van ingeslote, ondergeskikte, ongeruste en ambisieuse manlikhede. Die tesis evalueer hoe “xenofobie-taal” onder manlike Zimbabwiese migrante sosio-ruimtelike afstande tussen hulle en Suid-Afrikaanse burgers skep. Ons sien onder die sokkerspelende migrante in Stellenbosch dat daar ʼn poging is om waargeneemde uitsluiting te omseil deur die daarstelling van ingeslote manlike domeine wat hulle ‘outoriteit’ as Zimbabwiese mans handhaaf. Die tesis demonstreer dus die manier waarop taal bydra tot die konstruksie van xenofobie, manlike identiteite en identifikasies. Daar bestaan literatuur wat suggereer dat sekere segmente van Suid-Afrikaanse burgers op ʼn neerhalende wyse na migrante uit Afrika verwys as amakwerekwere. Daarteenoor is daar bewyse uit Kaapstad en Stellenbosch wat toon dat manlike Zimbabwiese migrante openlik na Suid-Afrikaners in ooreenstemmende verkleinerende terme verwys. Dit laat vrae ontstaan oor die rol wat migrante speel in die daarstelling van omgekeerde xenofobie en hulle bydrae tot die voortbestaan van prosesse van vervreemding wat dikwels spruit uit transnasionale migrasie. Hierdie tesis kom tot die slotsom dat manlike Zimbabwiese persone nie deur die bedreiging van xenofobie afgeskrik word om na Suid-Afrika te migreer nie. Dit dwing hulle egter om Suid-Afrikaanse stedelike gebiede op baie spesifieke maniere te karteer sodat hulle in hierdie gebiede kan bly sonder om daardeur gebind te word.
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Hoeflich, Kathryn Leigh. ""Speaking with one voice": the Somali Retailers' Association - rights and xenophobia in Cape Town's townships." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11449.
Full textAbstract:
In the wake of extreme xenophobic violence, which swept South Africa in 2008, a group of Somali refugees resident in Cape Town formed the Somali Retailers’ Association (SRA) as a mutual support network made up of those who were targeted by xenophobes most: Somalis involved in informal sector trade in the townships. This study investigates the networks of targeted populations, analysing how this Association helps to mitigate the impact of xenophobia on the lives of its members.
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Marindze, Americo. "Diplomatic protection and xenophobic violence in South Africa : the case for reparation to Mozambican victims." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/16757.
Full textAbstract:
Xenophobia is a fear or contempt of that which is foreign or unknown, especially of strangers or foreign people. It comes from the Greek words ξένος (xenos), meaning "foreigner," "stranger," and φόβος (phobos), meaning "fear." The term is typically used to describe a fear or dislike of foreigners or of people significantly different from oneself.1
On 11 May 2008 foreigners, mainly black people who lived in poor areas were attacked by South African citizens in South Africa; the attacks started in Alexandra, Johannesburg and spread to other areas in the country.2 Due to the occurrence 62 people were officially confirmed dead; 342 foreigners‟ shops were looted and 213 burnt down.3 Forty one foreigners were killed during the incident; such kinds of xenophobic attacks against foreigners had taken place in the country before, having reached their peak in May 2008.4 Further, „at least 670 people were wounded, and over 100 000 displaced.‟<br>Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2011.<br>A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Dr. Henry Onoria of the Faculty of Law, University of Makerere. 2010.<br>http://www.chr.up.ac.za/<br>Centre for Human Rights<br>LLM
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Smith, Sabrina. "APRÈS NOUS, LE DÉLUGE : Conservative media's xenophobic storytelling in the United Kingdom, USA and France." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Religionsbeteendevetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-385724.
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Svensson, Amanda, and Rebecca Edblad. "The fear of ‘the others’ : A comparative study of xenophobic attitudes between French and Swedish university students." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, Globala studier, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-27126.
Full textAbstract:
Xenophobia is a global problem, which is constantly increasing. Previous research indicates that higher education is the key for decreasing such attitudes, but few studies have taken students opinions into consideration. Due to this, university students were interviewed in this thesis in order to get their perspective on this matter. The study also looks at the effects of the political and economic situation when developing xenophobic attitudes. Students were chosen from universities in Sweden and France due to indications that the level of xenophobia in France is one of the highest in Europe whilst Sweden has one of the lowest. The opinions of the students are compared with previous research in order to find significant patterns that could explain the increase in xenophobic attitudes. It is shown that the definition of who belongs to your group affect your views of ‘the others’ which creates the possibility to feel threatened by other groups, and therefore, create negative attitudes. The result indicates that there are some cultural disparities that might explain the difference in perception of xenophobic attitudes. Moreover, xenophobia is a complex issue that develops on a personal level due to a number of factors.
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Pettersson, Mattias. "Racism and fear in H.P. Lovecraft's The Shadow over Innsmouth." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för språk, litteratur och interkultur, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-40555.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this essay is to show how elements of racism and xenophobia manifest themselves in H.P. Lovecraft’s 1931 novella The Shadow over Innsmouth. Through a close reading of the text, I show how these two matters contribute to creating fear and horror in the story. In addition to the analysis of the text I also relate the elements found in the text to letters and essays written by Lovecraft to show how several aspects of the novella contribute to the theme of racism and xenophobia. Throughout the essay I suggest how topics such as miscegenation, the vilification of another race of people and even the landscape itself mesh together to form the basis of the horror and the fear in the story. In the end, it is clear that Lovecraft’s own racism permeates the story.
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Lombard, Felicia. "Policies and programmes to reduce xenophobic violence against black African foreign nationals in South Africa : a case study of the City of Cape Town’s metro police and business areas management : 2008-2013." University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4882.
Full textAbstract:
Masters in Public Administration - MPA<br>South Africa continues to experience unprecedented levels of violence against foreign African nationals, to be more specific, black African foreign nationals in poor communities but also in cities. Local Government has become a major role-player in the functioning of South Africa’s democracy and in managing local conflicts. In light of this, this research-based mini-thesis explores the policies and programmes used in the City of Cape Town Municipality to reduce xenophobic violence against black African foreign nationals in the city. I acknowledge the importance of understanding the historical background of racial conflict in South Africa, and briefly look at whether this attributes to current conflict against black foreign nationals by evaluating competing theories of xenophobic violence. Whilst South Africans found refuge in neighbouring countries during the apartheid era, recent migration patterns reveals a reverse of this trend as the upper regions of the continent suffer war and famine and nationals of those countries seek refuge in South Africa. The Alien Control Act of 1991 strengthened South Africa’s national borders and made it difficult for foreigners to enter the country without the needed ocumentation. However, South Africa’s transition from an apartheid state to a democracy brought with it a number of changes, including an increase in the number of migrants who was previously not allowed to enter the country. One of the major concerns for government has been the issue of distinguishing between those who are in the country legally and those who are in the country illegally. In this mini-thesis, I draw a clear distinction between the different categories of foreigners in South Africa. Xenophobia broke into public view in May 2008 when black South Africans living in townships that suffer poor living conditions and high levels of crime, violently attacked black African foreign nationals working and living among them. The scale of the attacks led to the mass displacement of black African foreigners as they sought protection in refugee camps set up by the state as well as other organizations. Black African foreigners were severely assaulted in the violence. Some were burned while others suffered the looting of their belongings. Local government has an important role to play in the functioning of democracy in South Africa. I am of the view that the policies and programmes employed at local government level would significantly reduce the incidences of xenophobic violence experienced in South African communities, since local government has easier access to communities and people at grassroots level. Xenophobia is not a peculiarly South African problem, and many local governments around the world have used various methods of addressing this. While insights into their methods would be helpful; the focus of this thesis is on South Africa and more specifically the City of Cape Town. In this mini-thesis, I thus investigate the policies and programmes employed by the City of Cape Town municipality in reducing xenophobic violence against black foreign nationals.
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Mohamed, Osman Abdi. "Xenophobia and media: an exploratory study on the public perception of the Nelson Mandela Bay Community." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1330.
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Development in South Africa at present is at a crossroads; it could become injected with new energy or it could collapse. The presence of foreigners, especially those from Africa is in contention. Some argue that they help the economy whilst others argue they are a hindrance to locals and their employment worth. The “truth” regarding these may not be immediately recognisable and thus open to questioning depending on perception. The press plays a large role in these perceptions and has been criticised for the way it covers issues of public interest. it is envisaged that this study will be a useful contribution to the limited body of literature on xenophobia and media. The purpose of the study is to give foundation to the assumption that the media's constantly negative coverage of foreigner poses a very real threat to human rights as purported in South Africa‟s constitution, in addition to the economic significance, whether positive or not. This study highlights the perception that Nelson Mandela Bay residents have of foreign nationals, and whether negative reporting in the media has influenced residents' views of foreign nationals.
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De, Mello Sonia. "Digesting the Disaster: Understanding the Boom of Refugee Food Entrepreneurship in the Face of Increasing Xenophobia." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1121.
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Over the last few years, we are seeing an emergence of new food entrepreneurship across the globe. In the context of the Syrian refugee crisis, these food-related social enterprises are not only providing job opportunities to refugees but they are also increasing awareness about their cause and creating new narratives surrounding their arrival. This present study seeks to contribute to the knowledge surrounding refugees and entrepreneurship by explaining how several refugee food enterprises have gained great popularity despite greater nationalism and xenophobia. In the analysis of food entrepreneurship, one finds that this phenomenon is able to partly fill the void of certain organizations and movements by placing food in the role of the mediator. Arguably, food entrepreneurship assists in areas that refugee resettlement agencies do not, as they provide a platform that give refugees agency rather than dealing with them as victims. These agencies address refugee’s agency as business employees, and in some cases, encourage their agency as women. Not only does this reverse the narrative of victimized refugees who need support from their new societies whilst also providing them with income, it also provides an opportunity to politically mobilize around refugee-threatening issues.
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Mukwena, Dale. "Types of explanations given by foreign African women for xenophobic violence : a De-Doorns case study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71599.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In November 2009, xenophobic violence flared up in De-Doorns, a small rural town which
lies in the Breede Valley Municipality of the Western Cape where table grape production is
the main economic activity. The De-Doorns violence involved local South African residents
as perpetrators and a significant number of migrant workers mostly Zimbabweans as victims.
The central purpose of this thesis is to compare the explanations for xenophobic violence
given by female victims with explanations drawn from the research community and the mass
media covering the De-Doorns incident. The major research question is to find reasons for
this De-Doorns violence given by female victims, by the research community and by the print
media. The results point to the following motives for xenophobic violence: frustrations that
translated into xenophobic violence were driven by labour matters. South Africans believed
that Zimbabweans were accepting seasonal farm work from farmers at lower wages than
those for locals. The violence was also perceived to have been initiated by labour brokers and
by a local ANC councillor. The current investigation indicates that the potential for
xenophobia-related violence still exists in South African townships even after the widespread
outburst of xenophobic violence of 2008 since refugees and vulnerable migrants
remain visible targets.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In November 2009 het xenofobiese geweld opgevlam in De Doorns, ‘n klein landelike dorp
in die Breede Vallei munisipaliteit van die Wes Kaap waar die produksie van tafeldruiwe die
belangrikste ekonomiese aktiwiteit is. Hierdie geweldadige insident het plaaslike Suid-
Afrikaanse inwoners as aanvallers en buitelandse migrante – hoofsaaklik Zimbabweërs – as
slagoffers betrek. Die hoofdoel van die tesis is om verklarings vir dié geweld soos gegee deur
vroulike slagoffers, deur die navorsingsgemeenskap en deur die koerant-media met mekaar te
vergelyk. Die hoof vraag is om redes vir dié geweld in De Doorns soos gestel deur hierdie
drie groeperings vas te stel. Die navorsings resultate identifiseer die volgende belangrike
motiewe vir xenofobiese geweld: frustrasies omtrent arbeidsaangeleenthede wat aanleiding
gegee het tot aggressie. Suid-Afrikaners het geglo dat Zimbabweërs seisoenale
arbeidsgeleenthede van boere ontvang het teen laer lone as dié vir plaaslike inwoners.
Tweedens, is die belangrike waarneming dat die geweld bevorder is deur arbeidsagente en
deur 'n plaaslike ANC raadslid. Hierdie navorsing dui aan dat die potensiaal vir xenofobiesverwante
geweld steeds bestaan in Suid-Afrikaanse woongebiede selfs na die reeks
geweldadige insidente van 2008 as gevolg van die sigbaarheid van Afrika-migrante in hierdie
gebiede.
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Nomarwayi, Thandolwethu. "An exploration of economic discontent towards foreign nationals in the xenophobic attacks in Port Elizabeth, Walmer township." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1018683.
Full textAbstract:
Post-apartheid South Africa has been marked by a wave of social unrest; from service delivery protests to xenophobic violence targeted towards foreign nationals. Immigrants from across the African soil are victims of this barbaric behavior (xenophobia). A derogatory name such as “makwerekwere” is given to foreign nationals to make them feel inferior and less human. In 2008 these attacks worsened almost in every black township throughout the country. The victims are mostly Somalis and Zimbabweans shop or spaza owners. There are quite a number of explanations that prompted these attacks and they include the following; competition for scarce resources, lack of economic and business opportunities. Foreigners are easily employable because they accept cheap labour, thus making it hard for South Africans to find jobs. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to explore economic discontent against foreign nationals into xenophobic attacks. This study highlights the relationship that co-exists between economic discontent and xenophobic attacks in Port Elizabeth, Walmer Township and the research methods that were used and how these methods were used in the study.
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Hagensen, Live. "Understanding the causes and the nature of Xenophobia in South Africa : a case study of De Doorns." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95829.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study seeks to understand the causes and nature of xenophobia in South Africa. It
investigates this through the case of De Doorns, where in November 2009 3000
Zimbabweans were chased out of their homes, which were subsequently looted and
destroyed. This case was chosen because it is an example of a xenophobic incident
that went beyond xenophobic attitudes to manifest in violent behaviour towards
African migrants.
The study was guided though three questions. (1) How can the violent
xenophobic attacks in De Doorns be explained? (2) Do the explanations for
xenophobia offer sufficient explanation for the causes and nature of xenophobia in De
Doorns? (3) Are the causes for xenophobia still evident in De Doorns? To answer the
first and third questions key informant interviews with relevant organisations were
conducted with Agri Wes-Cape, the Hex River Valley Table Grape Association and
People Against Suffering, Oppression and Poverty (PASSOP). In addition, published
work (reports and an article) has been analysed. To answer the second question,
literature on the topic of xenophobia was reviewed and the findings compared to the
answers found for the first question. The key findings in this study were, firstly, that the causes for xenophobia
were twofold: there was a context and there were underlying causes; in addition there
were specific triggers for the xenophobia. This twofold explanation is evident in
Horowitz’s ethnic violence theory, where he takes into consideration both external
contextual causes and immediate locality-bound causes. The context was the farming
community of De Doorns, characterised by casual work, job insecurity and (often)
poor living conditions. The underlying causes were found to be locals’ frustration
with and perceptions of Zimbabweans; this led to the development of xenophobic
attitudes. In addition, labour brokers were found to have worsened the situation by
encouraging causal work and by skimming off workers’ payments. Government
insufficiencies were also an underlying condition: there was lack in an early warning
system and there were service delivery failures. These underlying conditions gave a
breeding ground for the triggers of the violence to operate. These triggers were found
to be of a local political character, and these highlighted the explanatory value of
Misago’s micropolitics theory. A local councillor stirred up the xenophobia to gain
popularity for re-election before the upcoming local government elections. From this it is found that with similar or worse underlying condition xenophobia could flourish,
given the ‘right’ triggers. This is an important finding in light of the up coming local
government elections in 2016. In terms of the nature of the xenophobia in South
Africa, it is argued that this often goes beyond the expression of xenophobic attitudes,
and takes the form of violent xenophobic behaviour which is usually targeted at black
African migrants. Explanations for this violence have historical roots in the armed
struggle and it illicits a response from government. Why black Africans? Their
proximity and their vulnerability are put forward as explanations, though it is also
recognized that current explanations are insufficient.<br>AFRIKKANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie se oogmerk is om die oorsake en aard van xenofobie in Suid-Afrika te
verstaan. Dit word ondersoek deur die geval van De Doorns, waartydens November
2009 3000 Zimbabwiërs uit hul huise gejaag is wat geplunder en vernietig is. Hierdie
geval is gekies omdat dit ‘n voorbeeld van ‘n xenofobiese geval is wat verder as die
xenofobiese houdings gegaan het om in gewelddadige gedrag teenoor immigrante uit
Afrika te manifesteer.
Die studie is deur drie vrae gelei: (1) Hoe kan die gewelddadige xenofobiese
aanvalle in De Doorns verduidelik word? (2) Bied die verduidelikings vir xenofobie
genoegsame verduideliking vir die oorsake en aard van xenofobie in De Doorns? (3)
Is die oorsake van xenofobie steeds sigbaar in De Doorns? Om die eerste en derde
vrae te beantwoord is sleutel informante onderhoude met relevante organisasies
gevoer naamlik Agri Wes-Kaap, Die Hexriviervallei Tafeldruif Vereniging en People
Against Suffering, Oppression and Poverty (PASSOP). Daarby is gepubliseerde werk
(verslae en ‘n artikel) ook ontleed. Om die tweede vraag te beantwoord is literatuur
oor die onderwerp van xenofobie hersien en die bevindinge vergelyk met die
antwoorde op die eerste vraag. Die sleutel bevindings in hierdie studie was eerstens dat die oorsake vir
xenofobie tweeledig was: daar was ‘n konteks en onderliggende oorsake; daar was
ook bykomende snellers vir die xenofobie. Hierdie tweeledige verduideliking is
duidelik in Horowitz se etniese geweldsteorie, waar hy beide eksterne kontekstuele
oorsake en onmiddelike ligging-gebonde oorsake. Die konteks was die
plaasgemeenskap van De Doorns wat gekenmerk is deur informele werk,
werksonsekerheid, en (dikwels) swak lewensomstandighede. Hierdie onderliggende
oorsake is bevind om die plaaslike inwoners se frustrasie met en siening van
Zimbabwiërs te wees; dit het aanleiding gegee tot xenofobiese houdings. Daar is
verder gevind dat arbeidsmakelaars die situasie vererger het deur die aanmoediging
van informele werk en die afskeer van werkers se betalings. Regeringstekortkominge
was ook ‘n onderliggende oorsaak: daar was ‘n gebrek aan ‘n vroeë
waarskuwingstelsel terwyl diensverskaffing ook misluk het. Hierdie onderliggende
toestande het ‘n broeiplek aan die snellers van die geweld gegee om te funksioneer.
Daar is bevind dat die snellers ‘n plaaslike politieke karakter gehad het en beklemtoon
die verklarende waarde van Misago se mikro-politieke teorie. ‘n Plaaslike raadslid het die xenofobie aangewakker om gewildheid te verwerf vir herverkiesing voor die
toekomstige plaaslike verkiesings. Vanuit hierdie is daar bevind dat xenofobie met
soortgelyke of erger onderliggende toestande kan floreer, met die ‘regte’ snellers. Dit
is ‘n belangrike bevinding in die lig van die toekomstige plaaslike
regeringsverkiesings in 2016. In terme van die aard van xenofobie in Suid-Afrika
word daar gearguenteer dat dit dikwels verder gaan as die uitdrukking van
xenofobiese houdings en die vorm neem van gewelddadige xenofobiese gedrag wat
dikwels op swart immigrante van Afrika gemik is. Verklarings vir hierdie geweld het
geskiedkundige oorsake in die gewapende stryd en ontlok ‘n reaksie van die regering.
Hoekom swart Afrikane? Hulle nabyheid en kwesbaarheid word aangebied as
verklarings terwyl dit egter ook herken word dat huidige verklarings onvoldoende is.
43
Dahlback, Ida Titlestad. "Long walk to press freedom: the media framing of the April 2015 xenophobic attacks in South Africa." Master's thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31519.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis enquires into the collective violence against foreigners in South Africa in April 2015. The aim of the study is to investigate the manner in which the media framed the attacks, and to analyse how both victims and perpetrators were presented in news articles. The research process utilised in this study is qualitative content analysis, and the study analyses 68 articles by six online news publications between the 13th and the 21st of April 2015. The thesis determines that the Daily Sun, News24, Independent Online (IOL News), Eyewitness News (EWN), Mail & Guardian, and the Daily Maverick presented both balanced and biased content between the 13th and 21st of April 2015. There was a great variety in how objectively the online news publications framed immigrants. Several online news publications included numerous sources and counter-arguments, while others did not. The Mail & Guardian and the Daily Maverick presented the most in-depth coverage of the violence, while the Daily Sun, News24, Independent Online (IOL News), and Eyewitness News (EWN) uncritically reproduced xenophobic language and statements during the attacks.
44
Fredriksson, Magnus. "Främlingsfientlighetens politisering : En fallstudie av Sverigedemokraterna." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för lärarutbildning (LUT), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-16613.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose with this essay is to investigate Swedish political parties who have had or has a restrictive immigration policy containing opinions, that can be classified as xenophobic, and their history and development as a party. The focus in this essay is centred on the politicization that the parties Ny demokrati and Sverigedemokraterna have gone through and the mobilization they have reached. The material that will be handled in this matter are mainly the parties’ political programs that have been published in various forms, but these will be supplemented with secondary sources in the form of previous research, reviews by journalists and other literature. The result have shown that the development from 1970 – 1980´s to today considering these type of organizations is that they have changed in their appearance, in the matter of how they convey their message, and the actual appearance of the party members more than the message itself. The strongest evidence in this matter is Sverigedemokraterna which since the election 2010 has gained entrance in the Swedish parliament as a xenophobic party.
45
Dixon, Megan Lori. "The Baltic Pearl in the window to Europe: St. Petersburg's Chinese quarter /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank) Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/9172.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2008.<br>Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 314-330). Also available online in Scholars' Bank; and in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.
46
Mahler, Claudia. "Stichwort: The European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia (EUMC) - Europäische Stelle zur Beobachtung von Rassismus und Fremdenfeindlichkeit." Universität Potsdam, 2003. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5534/.
Full text
47
Williams, Augustus. "Using emotional intelligence interpersonal competency of empathy as a frame to combat xenophobia in schools: a case study." Thesis, Nelson Mandela University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13507.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to explore how the perceptions of teachers on their emotional intelligence interpersonal competency of empathy that could be used as a frame to combat xenophobia in schools. The three objectives of this study was to explore and describe: teachers’ perceptions and experiences of xenophobic violence in schools in Port Elizabeth’s Northern Areas; teachers’ responses to xenophobic violence from the emotional intelligence interpersonal competency of empathy; and how emotional intelligence interpersonal competency of empathy could be used as a tool to combat xenophobia in schools. Foreign national learners in Port Elizabeth’s Northern Areas are subjected to xenophobic incidences by some teachers at these schools. This impacts negatively into these learners’ learning environment in these schools. It is behind this backdrop that this study sought to explore how the emotional intelligence interpersonal competency of empathy could be used by teachers as a frame to combat xenophobia in schools. The argument of this study therefore stems from the fact that teachers could use their EI interpersonal competency of empathy to combat xenophobia in their schools. Focus group and mini-focus group interviews was employed to get an explorative, descriptive and interpretive revelation, which was utilised to enhance validity and triangulation for this qualitative study.
48
Yawlui, Robert Mensah. "The socio-economic impacts of xenophobia in South Africa: a case study of the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropole." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1007961.
Full textAbstract:
Xenophobia became known as manifest of relations and perceptions of an "in–group" towards an "out-group", including a fear of losing identity, suspicion of its activities, aggressions, and desire to eliminate its presence to secure a presumed purity. This study aims to address the socio-economic impacts of xenophobia in South Africa. As a matter of fact, the 2008 xenophobia attacks amongst others were violent and acted as visible wake-up call to the country to focus attention on the reality of human migration. South African democratic constitution recognises immigration, and gives multiple reasons why nationals from other countries have to migrate to settle in South Africa. This study was grounded within the field of Development studies and undertook a case study of investigating the socio- economic impacts of xenophobia in Nelson Mandela Bay Metropole (NMBM) as a case study. The study employed the use of semi- structured interviews whereby a questionnaire was used to guide the researcher in the interview process. A total of 40 officials were interviewed, ranging from governmental department through to civil societies to private immigration consultants and immigrants in South Africa, in order to avoid the generation of biases. The data obtained from respondents were presented, analysed, and discussed. From the data collected, it was possible to single out the impacts of xenophobia in NMBM. Some of the consequences generated from the fact that the community need more awareness programs, the local and national government need to capacitate the citizens to create sustainable jobs and the DoHA‟s activities greatly relegate immigrants to the backyard. Based on the study findings, the main recommendations offered to NMBM was to create a forum to advice the DoHA to channel efforts into managing migration issues sustainably rather than "stopping" it. Furthermore to catalyse Civil Society and NGOs to initiate support mechanisms to hold government accountable. This will greatly provide a perfect platform for development.
49
Wessels, Morne. "Media language representations of xenophobic attitudes in university settings : a critical discourse analysis of Western Cape campus newspapers." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71897.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study focuses on aspects of linguistic communication, specifically in campus media
discourse, where portrayals of minority groups, such as African foreigners, affect the
attitudes of readers and shape public ideology regarding these minority groups. The research
examines published items in two Western Cape campus newspapers that topicalise Africa or
African foreigners in South Africa. These items, which were published over a three year
period from 2007 to 2009, are critically analysed, in order to evaluate the way in which
Africa and Africans, specifically Africans in South Africa, are represented, to determine
whether such representations make use of xenophobic language, and to gauge the potential
effects on the attitudes of student readers with regards to foreign Africans living and studying
in South Africa.
The aim of this thesis is to examine the possible (re)enforcement of xenophobic attitudes in
the campus news media by analysing how Africa/foreign Africans are portrayed in South
Africa's campus press against the background of the current xenophobic situation in South
Africa. This is accomplished by making use of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA),
specifically the theoretical frameworks of van Dijk (1991) and Fairclough (1995; 1998),
which allow for critical analysis on multiple levels of discourse. While the results of the
media analysis illustrate a difference in coverage between the two campus newspapers, the
overall impression is that campus press does indeed influence the attitudes of readers, more
often than not, to the detriment of oppressed minority groups. Coverage of Africa/Africans in
South Africa in the two campus publications indicated a slight growth in empathy towards the
plight of Africa/African foreigners over the three year study period.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie fokus op aspekte van kommunikasie, veral binne kampusmedia-diskoers, waar
die uitbeelding van minderheidsgroepe, soos buitelanders vanuit Afrika, 'n invloed uitoefen
op die houdings van lesers en die vorming van openbare ideologieë ten opsigte van hierdie
minderheidsgroepe. Dié navorsing ondersoek gepubliseerde items in twee Wes-Kaapse
kampuskoerante wat handel oor Afrika of buitelanders vanuit Afrika wat in Suid-Afrika
woon. Hierdie items, wat oor 'n tydperk van drie jaar (2007-2009) gepubliseer is, is krities
ontleed ten einde te evalueer hoe Afrika en Afrikane, veral buitelanders in Suid-Afrika,
uitgebeeld word, om te bepaal of sodanige uitbeeldings gebruik maak van xenofobiese taal en
om die moontlike gevolge hiervan op die houdings van die studentelesers met betrekking tot
buitelandse Afrikane wat in Suid-Afrika woon, te bestudeer en te meet.
Die doel van hierdie tesis is om die moontlike afdwinging van xenofobiese houdings in die
kampus-nuusmedia/kampusnuusmedia te ondersoek deur die ontleding van hoe Afrika /
buitelandse Afrikane in Suid-Afrika se kampuspers uitgebeeld word teen die agtergrond van
die huidige xenofobiese situasie in Suid-Afrika. Dit word bereik deur gebruik te maak van
Kritiese Diskoersanalise ("Critical Discourse Analysis"; CDA), spesifiek die teoretiese
raamwerke van van Dijk (1991) en Fairclough (1995, 1998), wat ruimte laat vir 'n kritiese
analise op verskeie vlakke van diskoers. Terwyl die resultate van die media-analise 'n verskil
in dekking tussen die twee kampuskoerante illustreer, is die algehele indruk dat die
kampuspers wel die houdings van die lesers beïnvloed, en in die reël tot nadeel van
onderdrukte minderheidsgroepe. Mediadekking van Afrika / Afrikane in Suid-Afrika in die
twee kampuspublikasies toon 'n effense groei in empatie teenoor die lot van Afrika /
buitelandse Afrikane oor die drie jaar studietydperk.
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Cisternino, Stefano. "The Construction and Destruction of “the other”The Influence of Right-wing Populist Rhetoric on Xenophobic Hate Crimes." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-418232.
Full textAbstract:
Today, two phenomena are growing; the constant increase in xenophobic hate crimes and the rampant presence of political and media representatives engaged in right-wing populist rhetoric aimed at defending the people from all threats. The question of how right-wing populist rhetoric influences the occurrence of these violent acts has only been addressed indirectly and partially in the academic world. This thesis tries to fill this gap, by proposing the following argument: right-wing populist rhetoric, through a process of continuous growth and affirmation, gradually creates an enemy who is ethnically “different” from the “native” people, leading to a social reaction and therefore to a consequent increase in xenophobic hate crimes. In order to verify this claim, an analysis of two periods of Italian history is conducted by means of Process Tracing. A primary case (1935-1939), focused on the Fascist Party and Mussolini with respect to two ethnic targets: Ethiopians and Jews. A secondary case (2013-2016), focused on the Lega Nord party and Salvini with respect to immigrants. The empirical results achieved provide good general support and suggest the need for further research, in order for countermeasures to be enacted by policymakers to avoid history repeating itself.