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Journal articles on the topic 'Xenorhabdus'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Rahoo, Ali Murad, Rehana Kanwal Rahoo, Muhammad Saeed, Muhammad Burhan, and Nusrat Keerio. "MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION AND GROWTH OF XENORHABDUS AND PHOTORHABDUS SYMBIONTS OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES." Plant Protection 6, no. 2 (2022): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.33804/pp.006.02.4211.

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From the characterisation, the partial 16 S gene sequences obtained for the two bacteria were subjected to blast-bootstrap analysis to obtain the phylogenetic tree. In assessing the similarity of Xenorhabdus bovienii with five other Xenorhabdus spp., it was found to be 96% similar to X. nematophila and X. japonica with Accession Numbers D78006 and NR027194 respectively. The X. bovienii was closer to X. beddingii 95% and X. kazodoii and 97% similarity to X. poinarii. From the phylogenetic tree, the two species of bacteria were found to belong to the genera Xenorhabadus and Photorhabdus. The two
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Tailliez, Patrick, Sylvie Pagès, Nadège Ginibre, and Noël Boemare. "New insight into diversity in the genus Xenorhabdus, including the description of ten novel species." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 56, no. 12 (2006): 2805–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.64287-0.

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We investigated the diversity of a collection of 76 Xenorhabdus strains, isolated from at least 27 species of Steinernema nematodes and collected in 32 countries, using three complementary approaches: 16S rRNA gene sequencing, molecular typing and phenotypic characterization. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the Xenorhabdus strains were highly conserved (similarity coefficient >95 %), suggesting that the common ancestor of the genus probably emerged between 250 and 500 million years ago. Based on comparisons of the 16S rRNA gene sequences, we identified 13 groups and seven unique sequences. T
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3

Abd-Elgawad, Mahfouz M. M. "Xenorhabdus spp.: An Overview of the Useful Facets of Mutualistic Bacteria of Entomopathogenic Nematodes." Life 12, no. 9 (2022): 1360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12091360.

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Mounting concern over the misuse of chemical pesticides has sparked broad interest for safe and effective alternatives to control plant pests and pathogens. Xenorhabdus bacteria, as pesticidal symbionts of the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema species, can contribute to this solution with a treasure trove of insecticidal compounds and an ability to suppress a variety of plant pathogens. As many challenges face sound exploitation of plant–phytonematode interactions, a full useful spectrum of such interactions should address nematicidal activity of Xenorhabdus. Steinernema–Xenorhabdus compl
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Kuwata, Ryusei, Li-hong Qiu, Wen Wang, et al. "Xenorhabdus ishibashii sp. nov., isolated from the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema aciari." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 63, Pt_5 (2013): 1690–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.041145-0.

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Gram-negative bacteria of the genus Xenorhabdus exhibit a mutualistic association with steinernematid entomopathogenic nematodes and a pathogenic relationship with insects. Here we describe two isolates of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema aciari collected from China and Japan. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the isolates obtained from S. aciari belonged to the genus Xenorhabdus . Multilocus sequence analysis based on five universal protein-coding gene sequences revealed that the isolates were closely related to Xenorhabdus ehlersii DSM 16337T
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5

GREWAL, P. S., M. MATSUURA, and V. CONVERSE. "Mechanisms of specificity of association between the nematode Steinernema scapterisci and its symbiotic bacterium." Parasitology 114, no. 5 (1997): 483–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182096008669.

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We suggest a new mechanism for the maintenance of specificity of the association between the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema scapterisci and its symbiotic bacteria. We evaluated the development and reproduction of infective and non-infective juvenile S. scapterisci in monoxenic combinations with its symbiotic bacteria, Xenorhabdus sp. ‘S’ and with the bacterial symbiont of Steinernema carpocapsae and Steinernema riobravis. Although development of non-infective stages occurred on all Xenorhabdus spp., the development of infective juveniles to the 4th stage (‘dauer’ recovery) was significa
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Lengyel, Katalin, Elke Lang, András Fodor, Emilia Szállás, Peter Schumann, and Erko Stackebrandt. "Description of four novel species of Xenorhabdus, family Enterobacteriaceae: Xenorhabdus budapestensis sp. nov., Xenorhabdus ehlersii sp. nov., Xenorhabdus innexi sp. nov., and Xenorhabdus szentirmaii sp. nov." Systematic and Applied Microbiology 28, no. 2 (2005): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.syapm.2004.10.004.

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7

Harahap, Mardianto, and Didik Sulistyanto. "Karakteristik morfologi dan fisiologi beberapa isolat lokal bakteri simbiose nematoda entomopatogen kompleks serta uji virulensi pada larva Plutella xylostella." Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia 1, no. 1 (2017): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5994/jei.1.1.41.

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Local isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes are symbiotically associated with bacteria of the genus Xenorhabdus or Photorhabdus. Symbiont bacteria isolated from local isolates of entomopathogenic nematode (Pujon, Cemoro Lawang and X. nematophilus) were identical with Xenorhabdus spp and isolate of Ngadas was identical with Photorhabdus luminescens. Some isolates, such as Xenorhabdus (isolate of Pujon) and P. luminescens (isolate of Ngadas) has a high virulence when the bacteria was injected into insect haemocoel. High virulence was indicated by Xenorhabdus nematophilus when it was applied ora
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Lengyel, Katalina, Elke Lang, Andras Fodor, Emilia Szallas, Peter Schumann, and Erko Stackebrandt. "Erratum to “Description of four novel species of Xenorhabdus, family Enterobacteriaceae: Xenorhabdus budapestensis sp. nov., Xenorhabdus ehlersii sp. nov., Xenorhabdus innexi sp. nov., and Xenorhabdus szentirmaii sp. nov.”." Systematic and Applied Microbiology 30, no. 1 (2007): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.syapm.2006.11.003.

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9

Cao, Li, Xuehong Qiu, Xiaofen Liu, Xiuling Liu, and Richou Han. "Nutrient potential of various Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus bacteria for a free-living nematode Panagrellus redivivus." Nematology 10, no. 1 (2008): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854108783360104.

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Abstract Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus bacteria are symbionts of entomopathogenic nematodes of the genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis, respectively. To determine the nutrient potential of these bacteria for a free-living nematode, Panagrellus redivivus, a promising food source for first-feeding fish and crustacean, sterile first-stage juveniles (J1) of P. redivivus were fed on various isolates of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus bacteria in liquid cultures. Most of the tested bacterial isolates did not support the growth of P. redivivus. However, four of the Xenorhabdus isolates (X. nematophila
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10

Eidt, D. C., and J. G. Stewart. "EFFECT ON GROWTH AND ROOT NODULATION OF CLOVERS, TRIFOLIUM SPP., BY GALLERIA MELLONELLA (L.) (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) INFECTED WITH STEINERNEMA CARPOCAPSAE (WEISER) (RHABDITA: STEINERNEMATIDAE) AND ITS SYMBIONT, XENORHABDUS NEMATOPHILUS POINAR AND THOMAS." Canadian Entomologist 129, no. 2 (1997): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent129205-2.

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AbstractRed and white clovers, Trifolium spp., were grown in nitrogen-poor soil containing cadavers of larval Galleria mellonella (L.) that were infected with Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) and its symbiont Xenorhabdus nematophilus Poinar and Thomas. Growth and root nodulation were not affected by the nematode treatment, leading us to conclude that they would not be impaired through the action of antimicrobial agents produced by Xenorhabdus spp. present in soils because of Xenorhabdus-infected insect cadavers.
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11

He, Hongjun, Roger Gordon, and John A. Gow. "Phenotypic characterization of the Xenorhabdus bacterial symbiont of a Texas strain of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema riobrave, and characterization of the Xenorhabdus bovienii bacterial symbiont of a Newfoundland strain of Steinernema feltiae." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 46, no. 7 (2000): 618–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w00-036.

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Two bacterial symbionts of entomopathogenic nematodes, one of which originated from Texas, U.S.A., and the other from Newfoundland, Canada, were characterized phenotypically. These strains belonged to the genus Xenorhabdus. The Newfoundland (NF) strain was shown to be X. bovienii but the Texas (TX) strain was not identified at the species level. Four additional cultures of Xenorhabdus were included in the study. These were a strain of X. bovienii (Umeå), which was from a nematode of European origin, and strains of X. nematophilus, X.beddingii, and X.poinarii. The tests used in this study indic
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12

Ferreira, Tiarin, Carol A. van Reenen, Akihito Endo, Cathrin Spröer, Antoinette P. Malan, and Leon M. T. Dicks. "Description of Xenorhabdus khoisanae sp. nov., the symbiont of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema khoisanae." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 63, Pt_9 (2013): 3220–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.049049-0.

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Bacterial strain SF87T, and additional strains SF80, SF362 and 106-C, isolated from the nematode Steinernema khoisanae, are non-bioluminescent Gram-reaction-negative bacteria that share many of the carbohydrate fermentation reactions recorded for the type strains of recognized Xenorhabdus species. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence data, strain SF87T is shown to be closely related (98 % similarity) to Xenorhabdus hominickii DSM 17903T. Nucleotide sequences of strain SF87 obtained from the recA, dnaN, gltX, gyrB and infB genes showed 96–97 % similarity with Xenorhabdus miraniensis DSM 17902T . How
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13

Thappeta, Kishore Reddy Venkata, Kristin Ciezki, Nydia Morales-Soto, et al. "R-type bacteriocins of Xenorhabdus bovienii determine the outcome of interspecies competition in a natural host environment." Microbiology 166, no. 11 (2020): 1074–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.000981.

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Xenorhabdus species are bacterial symbionts of Steinernema nematodes and pathogens of susceptible insects. Different species of Steinernema nematodes carrying specific species of Xenorhabdus can invade the same insect, thereby setting up competition for nutrients within the insect environment. While Xenorhabdus species produce both diverse antibiotic compounds and prophage-derived R-type bacteriocins (xenorhabdicins), the functions of these molecules during competition in a host are not well understood. Xenorhabdus bovienii (Xb-Sj), the symbiont of Steinernema jollieti, possesses a remnant P2-
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14

Boemare, N. E., M. H. Boyer-Giglio, J. O. Thaler, R. J. Akhurst, and M. Brehelin. "Lysogeny and bacteriocinogeny in Xenorhabdus nematophilus and other Xenorhabdus spp." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 58, no. 9 (1992): 3032–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.58.9.3032-3037.1992.

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15

Cowles, Charles E., and Heidi Goodrich-Blair. "The Xenorhabdus nematophila nilABC Genes Confer the Ability of Xenorhabdus spp. To Colonize Steinernema carpocapsae Nematodes." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 12 (2008): 4121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00123-08.

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ABSTRACT Members of the Steinernema genus of nematodes are colonized mutualistically by members of the Xenorhabdus genus of bacteria. In nature, Steinernema carpocapsae nematodes are always found in association with Xenorhabdus nematophila bacteria. Thus, this interaction, like many microbe-host associations, appears to be species specific. X. nematophila requires the nilA, nilB, and nilC genes to colonize S. carpocapsae. In this work, we showed that of all the Xenorhabdus species examined, only X. nematophila has the nilA, nilB, and nilC genes. By exposing S. carpocapsae to other Xenorhabdus
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Sajnaga, Ewa, and Waldemar Kazimierczak. "Evolution and taxonomy of nematode-associated entomopathogenic bacteria of the genera Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus: an overview." Symbiosis 80, no. 1 (2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13199-019-00660-0.

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AbstractEntomopathogenic bacteria from the genera Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus are closely related Gram-negative bacilli from the family Enterobacteriaceae (γ-Proteobacteria). They establish obligate mutualistic associations with soil nematodes from the genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis to facilitate insect pathogenesis. The research of these two bacterial genera is focused mainly on their unique interactions with two different animal hosts, i.e. nematodes and insects. So far, studies of the mutualistic bacteria of nematodes collected from around the world have contributed to an increase
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17

Karthikeyan, S., T. Abdul Razak, A. Manivannan, S. Sekar, and P. K. Muthukumar. "Virulence of Xenorhabdus bovienii and Xenorhabdus japonica Against Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenee." Madras Agricultural Journal 104, no. 10-12 (2017): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.2017.000078.

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18

Burgettiné Böszörményi, Erzsébet, István Barcs, Gyula Domján, et al. "A Xenorhabdus budapestensis entomopatogén baktérium sejtmentes fermentlevének és tisztítottfehérje-frakciójának antimikrobiális hatása néhány zoonoticus baktériumra." Orvosi Hetilap 156, no. 44 (2015): 1782–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2015.30274.

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Introduction: Many multi-resistant patogens appear continuously resulting in a permanent need for the development of novel antibiotics. A large number of antibiotics introduced in clinical and veterinary practices are not effective. Antibacterial peptides with unusual mode of action may represent a promising option against multi-resistant pathogens. The entomopathogenic Xenorhabdus budapestensis bacteria produce several different antimicrobial peptides compounds such as bicornutin-A and fabclavin. Aim: The aim of the authors was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial effect of Xenorhabdus buda
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Tailliez, Patrick, Sylvie Pagès, Steve Edgington, Lukasz M. Tymo, and Alan G. Buddie. "Description of Xenorhabdus magdalenensis sp. nov., the symbiotic bacterium associated with Steinernema australe." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 62, Pt_8 (2012): 1761–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.034322-0.

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A symbiotic bacterium, strain IMI 397775T, was isolated from the insect-pathogenic nematode Steinernema australe. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, this bacterial isolate was shown to belong to the genus Xenorhabdus , in agreement with the genus of its nematode host. The accurate phylogenetic position of this new isolate was defined using a multigene approach and showed that isolate IMI 397775T shares a common ancestor with Xenorhabdus doucetiae FRM16T and Xenorhabdus romanii PR06-AT, the symbiotic bacteria associated with Steinernema diaprepesi and Steinernema puertoricense,
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Grewal, Parwinder S., Edwin E. Lewis, and Sudha Venkatachari. "Allelopathy: a possible mechanism of suppression of plant-parasitic nematodes by entomopathogenic nematodes." Nematology 1, no. 7 (1999): 735–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854199508766.

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Abstract A possible mechanism of suppression of a plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita by entomopathogenic nematodes is described. Heat-killed entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema feltiae and S. riobrave temporarily suppressed penetration of the root-knot nematode M. incognita into tomato roots, but live nematodes had no effect. Infective juvenile M. incognita were repelled from all entomopathogenic nematode treatments that included their symbiotic bacteria. They were repelled by Galleria mellonella cadavers infected with S. carpocapsae, S. feltiae, and S. riobrave and from cell-fr
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He, Hongjun, Roger Gordon, and John A. Gow. "The effect of temperature on the fatty acids and isozymes of a psychrotrophic and two mesophilic species ofXenorhabdus, a bacterial symbiont of entomopathogenic nematodes." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 47, no. 5 (2001): 382–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w01-025.

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In the first part of this study, generation times relative to temperature, together with cardinal and conceptual temperatures, were determined for four strains of Xenorhabdus bacteria that represented three geographically distinct species. The data showed that the NF strain of Xenorhabdus bovienii, like the Umeå strain of the same species, is psychrotrophic, while Xenorhabdus sp. TX strain resembles Xenorhabdus nematophila All strain in being mesophilic. In the second part, the capacity of these bacteria to adapt to changes in temperature, shown by changes in fatty acid composition, was invest
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Palma, Leopoldo, Laureano Frizzo, Sebastian Kaiser, et al. "Genome Sequence Analysis of Native Xenorhabdus Strains Isolated from Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Argentina." Toxins 16, no. 2 (2024): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins16020108.

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Entomopathogenic nematodes from the genus Steinernema (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) are capable of causing the rapid killing of insect hosts, facilitated by their association with symbiotic Gram-negative bacteria in the genus Xenorhabdus (Enterobacterales: Morganellaceae), positioning them as interesting candidate tools for the control of insect pests. In spite of this, only a limited number of species from this bacterial genus have been identified from their nematode hosts and their insecticidal properties documented. This study aimed to perform the genome sequence analysis of fourteen Xenorha
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CLARKE, DAVID J., and BARBARA C. A. DOWDS. "Pathogenicity of Xenorhabdus luminescens." Biochemical Society Transactions 20, no. 1 (1992): 65S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst020065s.

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Xu, J., S. Lohrke, I. M. Hurlbert, and R. E. Hurlbert. "Transformation of Xenorhabdus nematophilus." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 55, no. 4 (1989): 806–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.55.4.806-812.1989.

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Fallon, Declan, Harry Kaya, Randy Gaugler, and Brent Sipes. "Effect of Steinernema feltiae-Xenorhabdus bovienii insect pathogen complex on Meloidogyne javanica." Nematology 6, no. 5 (2004): 671–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568541042843496.

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AbstractIsolates of Steinernema feltiae MG-14 from Hawaii and SN from France, and the symbiont Xenorhabdus bovienii from each nematode isolate, were tested for their glasshouse efficacy against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, on several vegetable plants. Steinernema feltiae application for 3-5 consecutive days at rates of 1000 or 10 000 infective juveniles (IJ) did not affect M. javanica root penetration and development in glasshouse pot experiments. IJ were recovered from the cortical tissue of tomatoes, soybeans, snow peas and cow peas. Xenorhabdus bovienii applied at 1010 colo
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Thanwisai, Aunchalee, Paramaporn Muangpat, Abdulhakam Dumidae, et al. "Identification of entomopathogenic nematodes and their symbiotic bacteria in national parks of Thailand, and mosquitocidal activity of Xenorhabdus griffiniae against Aedes aegypti larvae." Nematology 24, no. 2 (2021): 193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685411-bja10124.

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Summary Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) Steinernema and Heterorhabditis with symbionts with Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus bacteria, respectively, are reported as biocontrol agents for insect control. The objectives of this study were to identify EPN and their symbiotic bacteria in national parks of Phitsanulok Province, Thailand, and to test how Xenorhabdus isolates attack Aedes aegypti larvae. We collected 810 soil samples from four national parks. The juvenile stage of EPN was isolated from soil samples using a baiting technique with Galleria mellonella followed by a White trap. Partial regi
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Thaler, Jacques-Olivier, Bernard Duvic, Alain Givaudan, and Noël Boemare. "Isolation and Entomotoxic Properties of theXenorhabdus nematophilus F1 Lecithinase." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 7 (1998): 2367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.7.2367-2373.1998.

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ABSTRACT Xenorhabdus spp. and Photorhabdus spp., entomopathogenic bacteria symbiotically associated with nematodes of the families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae, respectively, were shown to produce different lipases when they were grown on suitable nutrient agar. Substrate specificity studies showed thatPhotorhabdus spp. exhibited a broad lipase activity, while most of the Xenorhabdus spp. secreted a specific lecithinase. Xenorhabdus spp. occur spontaneously in two variants, phase I and phase II. Only the phase I variants ofXenorhabdus nematophilus and Xenorhabdus bovienii strains pro
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ULUĞ, Derya. "Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769) (Rodentia: Muridae)’un entomopatojen bakteriler ile enfekte böcek kadavralarına tepkisinin belirlenmesi." Turkish Journal of Entomology 47, no. 1 (2023): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.16970/entoted.1199313.

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Xenorhabdus Thomas & Poinar (Enterobacterales: Morganellaceae) and Photorhabdus Thomas & Poinar (Enterobacterales: Morganellaceae) bacteria are mutualistically associated with Steinernema Travassos, 1927 (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) and Heterorhabditis Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) nematodes, respectively, and are known to produce several secondary metabolites that protect nematode-killed insects from different competitors. One of these compounds called “the scavenger deterrent factor” (SDF) is known to deter different arthropod, bird, and fish species from fee
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Kämpfer, Peter, Nicholas J. Tobias, Long Phan Ke, Helge B. Bode, and Stefanie P. Glaeser. "Xenorhabdus thuongxuanensis sp. nov. and Xenorhabdus eapokensis sp. nov., isolated from Steinernema species." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 67, no. 5 (2017): 1107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.001770.

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Li, Jianxiong, Genhui Chen, and John M. Webster. "Nematophin, a novel antimicrobial substance produced byXenorhabdus nematophilus(Enterobactereaceae)." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 43, no. 8 (1997): 770–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m97-110.

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A new antibiotic, nematophin, was isolated from strain BC1 of Xenorhabdus nematophilus and detected in all strains of X. nematophilus studied. Its structure is fully established as 3-indoleethyl (3′-methyl-2′-oxo)pentanamide by extensive spectroscopic study. The production of nematophin is affected by the strain type and culture conditions. The compound shows strong in vitro bioactivity against a series of fungal and bacterial species.Key words: nematophin, symbiotic bacteria, Xenorhabdus nematophilus, antibiotic.
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Samaliev, Harry, Fotini Andreoglou, Sami Elawad, Nigel Hague, and Simon Gowen. "The nematicidal effects of the bacteria Pseudomonas oryzihabitans and Xenorhabdus nematophilus on the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica." Nematology 2, no. 5 (2000): 507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854100509420.

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Abstract In two laboratory experiments and one pot experiment the influence of the bacterial symbionts Pseudomonas oryzihabitans from Steinernema abbasi and Xenorhabdus nematophilus from S. carpocapsae on the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica was investigated. Exposure of egg masses of M. javanica to the bacteria and their metabolites resulted in reduced hatching of second stage juveniles (J2). J2 in contact with the bacteria and their metabolites exhibited disorientation and convulsive movements, but when they were washed and placed in fresh water, many regained normal movement. At dosa
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Jihan, Muhammad, Faisal Saheir, and A. El-Shiekh Tarek. "Toxicological effect of <i>Photorhabdus luminescens</i> and <i>Xenorhabdus</i> spp. on fall armyworm <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) and its safety evaluation on Sprague Dawley albino rats." Egyptian Journal of Plant Protection Research Institute 8, no. 1 (2025): 58–67. https://doi.org/10.4314/ejppri.v8i1.8.

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The polyphagous lepidopteran pest Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) (Fall armyworm), is a significant contributor to agricultural economic losses. This study investigated the insecticidal efficacy of Photorhabdus luminescens and Xenorhabdus spp. against neonate larvae of S. frugiperda. Bioassays revealed statistically significant larval mortality, evidencing potent entomotoxic effects associated with these bacterial species. The acute oral and dermal toxicity of P. luminescens (EGAP3) and Xenorhabdus spp. were evaluated in Sprague-Dawley albino rats to determine their
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Shaik, Haq Abdul, and Archana Mishra. "Influence of Asafoetida Extract on the Virulence of the Entomopathogenic Nematode Steinernema carpocapsae and Its Symbiotic Bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila in the Host Pyrrhocoris apterus." Microorganisms 11, no. 7 (2023): 1678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11071678.

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Nematode–microbe symbiosis plays a key role in determining pathogenesis against pests. The modulation of symbiotic bacteria may affect the virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) and the biological management of pests. We tested the influence of asafoetida (ASF) extract on the virulence of Steinernema carpocapsae and its symbiotic bacterium, Xenorhabdus nematophila, in Pyrrhocoris apterus. A total of 100 mg of ASF killed 30% of EPNs in 48 h, while P. apterus remained unaffected. The EPNs pre-treated with 100 mg of ASF influenced P. apterus’s mortality by 24–91.4% during a period of 24 t
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34

Wenski, Sebastian L., Harun Cimen, Natalie Berghaus, Sebastian W. Fuchs, Selcuk Hazir, and Helge B. Bode. "Fabclavine diversity in Xenorhabdus bacteria." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 16 (May 7, 2020): 956–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.16.84.

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The global threat of multiresistant pathogens has to be answered by the development of novel antibiotics. Established antibiotic applications are often based on so-called secondary or specialized metabolites (SMs), identified in large screening approaches. To continue this successful strategy, new sources for bioactive compounds are required, such as the bacterial genera Xenorhabdus or Photorhabdus. In these strains, fabclavines are widely distributed SMs with a broad-spectrum bioactivity. Fabclavines are hybrid SMs derived from nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS), polyunsaturated fatty ac
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Volgyi, Antonia, Andras Fodor, Attila Szentirmai, and Steven Forst. "Phase Variation in Xenorhabdus nematophilus." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 4 (1998): 1188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.4.1188-1193.1998.

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ABSTRACT Xenorhabdus nematophilus is a symbiotic bacterium that inhabits the intestine of entomopathogenic nematodes. The bacterium-nematode symbiotic pair is pathogenic for larval-stage insects. The phase I cell type is the form of the bacterium normally associated with the nematode. A variant cell type, referred to as phase II, can form spontaneously under stationary-phase conditions. Phase II cells do not elaborate products normally associated with the phase I cell type. To better define phase variation in X. nematophilus, several strains (19061, AN6, F1, N2-4) of this bacterium were analyz
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Yimthin, Thatcha, Chamaiporn Fukruksa, Paramaporn Muangpat, et al. "A study on Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus isolates from Northeastern Thailand: Identification, antibacterial activity, and association with entomopathogenic nematode hosts." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (2021): e0255943. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255943.

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Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus are gram negative bacteria that can produce several secondary metabolites, including antimicrobial compounds. They have a symbiotic association with entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs). The aim of this study was to isolate and identify Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus species and their associated nematode symbionts from Northeastern region of Thailand. We also evaluated the antibacterial activity of these symbiotic bacteria. The recovery rate of EPNs was 7.82% (113/1445). A total of 62 Xenorhabdus and 51 Photorhabdus strains were isolated from the EPNs. Based on recA seq
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37

Brown, S. E., A. T. Cao, P. Dobson, E. R. Hines, R. J. Akhurst, and P. D. East. "Txp40, a Ubiquitous Insecticidal Toxin Protein from Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus Bacteria." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 2 (2006): 1653–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.72.2.1653-1662.2006.

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ABSTRACT Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus are gram-negative bacteria that produce a range of proteins that are toxic to insects. We recently identified a novel 42-kDa protein from Xenorhabdus nematophila that was lethal to the larvae of insects such as Galleria mellonella and Helicoverpa armigera when it was injected at doses of 30 to 40 ng/g larvae. In the present work, the toxin gene txp40 was identified in another 59 strains of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus, indicating that it is both highly conserved and widespread among these bacteria. Recombinant toxin protein was shown to be active against a
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38

Sicard, Mathieu, Karine Brugirard-Ricaud, Sylvie Pag�s, et al. "Stages of Infection during the Tripartite Interaction between Xenorhabdus nematophila, Its Nematode Vector, and Insect Hosts." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 11 (2004): 6473–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.11.6473-6480.2004.

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ABSTRACT Bacteria of the genus Xenorhabdus are mutually associated with entomopathogenic nematodes of the genus Steinernema and are pathogenic to a broad spectrum of insects. The nematodes act as vectors, transmitting the bacteria to insect larvae, which die within a few days of infection. We characterized the early stages of bacterial infection in the insects by constructing a constitutive green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled Xenorhabdus nematophila strain. We injected the GFP-labeled bacteria into insects and monitored infection. We found that the bacteria had an extracellular life cycle
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Rivera-Ramírez, Abraham, Rosalba Salgado-Morales, Alfredo Jiménez-Pérez, Rebeca Pérez-Martínez, Blanca Inés García-Gómez, and Edgar Dantán-González. "Comparative Genomics and Pathogenicity Analysis of Two Bacterial Symbionts of Entomopathogenic Nematodes: The Role of the GroEL Protein in Virulence." Microorganisms 10, no. 3 (2022): 486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10030486.

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Bacteria of the genera Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus are symbionts of entomopathogenic nematodes. Despite their close phylogenetic relationship, they show differences in their pathogenicity and virulence mechanisms in target insects. These differences were explored by the analysis of the pangenome, as it provides a framework for characterizing and defining the gene repertoire. We performed the first pangenome analysis of 91 strains of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus; the analysis showed that the Photorhabdus genus has a higher number of genes associated with pathogenicity. However, biological test
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Goetsch, M., H. Owen, B. Goldman, and S. Forst. "Analysis of the PixA Inclusion Body Protein of Xenorhabdus nematophila." Journal of Bacteriology 188, no. 7 (2006): 2706–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.188.7.2706-2710.2006.

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ABSTRACT The symbiotic pathogenic bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila produces two distinct intracellular inclusion bodies. The pixA gene, which encodes the 185-residue methionine-rich PixA inclusion body protein, was analyzed in the present study. The pixA gene was optimally expressed under stationary-phase conditions but its expression did not require RpoS. Analysis of a pixA mutant strain showed that PixA was not required for virulence towards the insect host or for colonization of or survival within the nematode host, and was not essential for nematode reproduction. The pixA gene was not pre
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Tailliez, Patrick, Christine Laroui, Nadège Ginibre, Armelle Paule, Sylvie Pagès, and Noël Boemare. "Phylogeny of Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus based on universally conserved protein-coding sequences and implications for the taxonomy of these two genera. Proposal of new taxa: X. vietnamensis sp. nov., P. luminescens subsp. caribbeanensis subsp. nov., P. luminescens subsp. hainanensis subsp. nov., P. temperata subsp. khanii subsp. nov., P. temperata subsp. tasmaniensis subsp. nov., and the reclassification of P. luminescens subsp. thracensis as P. temperata subsp. thracensis comb. nov." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 60, no. 8 (2010): 1921–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.014308-0.

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We used the information from a set of concatenated sequences from four genes (recA, gyrB, dnaN and gltX) to investigate the phylogeny of the genera Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus (entomopathogenic bacteria associated with nematodes of the genera Heterorhabditis and Steinernema, respectively). The robustness of the phylogenetic tree obtained by this multigene approach was significantly better than that of the tree obtained by a single gene approach. The comparison of the topologies of single gene phylogenetic trees highlighted discrepancies which have implications for the classification of strain
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42

Massaoud, Mustafa K., Judit Marokh�zi, Andr�s Fodor, and Istv�n Venekei. "Proteolytic Enzyme Production by Strains of the Insect Pathogen Xenorhabdus and Characterization of an Early-Log-Phase-Secreted Protease as a Potential Virulence Factor." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 20 (2010): 6901–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01567-10.

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ABSTRACT As a comparison to a similar study on Photorhabdus strains, 15 Xenorhabdus bacterial strains and secondary phenotypic variants of two strains were screened for proteolytic activity by five detection methods. Although the number and intensity of proteolytic activities were different, every strain was positive for proteolytic activity by several tests. Zymography following native PAGE detected two groups of activities with different substrate affinities and a higher and lower electrophoretic mobility that were distinguished as activity 1 and 2, respectively. Zymography following SDS-PAG
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43

Reimer, Daniela, Friederike I. Nollmann, Katharina Schultz, Marcel Kaiser, and Helge B. Bode. "Xenortide Biosynthesis by Entomopathogenic Xenorhabdus nematophila." Journal of Natural Products 77, no. 8 (2014): 1976–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np500390b.

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44

Proschak, Anna, Katharina Schultz, Jennifer Herrmann, et al. "Cytotoxic Fatty Acid Amides from Xenorhabdus." ChemBioChem 12, no. 13 (2011): 2011–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbic.201100223.

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45

Skowronek, Marcin, Ewa Sajnaga, Waldemar Kazimierczak, Magdalena Lis, and Adrian Wiater. "Screening and Molecular Identification of Bacteria from the Midgut of Amphimallon solstitiale Larvae Exhibiting Antagonistic Activity against Bacterial Symbionts of Entomopathogenic Nematodes." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 21 (2021): 12005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222112005.

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Entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) are a group of organisms capable of infecting larvae of insects living in soil, including representatives of the family Scarabaeidae. Their insecticidal activity is related to the presence of symbiotic bacteria Xenorhabdus spp. or Photorhabdus spp. in the alimentary tract, which are released into the insect body, leading to its death caused by bacterial toxins and septicemia. Although the antibacterial activities of symbionts of entomopathogenic nematodes have been well described, there is insufficient knowledge of
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46

Sajnaga, Ewa, Waldemar Kazimierczak, Magdalena Anna Karaś, and Monika Elżbieta Jach. "Exploring Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus Nematode Symbionts in Search of Novel Therapeutics." Molecules 29, no. 21 (2024): 5151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29215151.

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Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus bacteria, which live in mutualistic symbiosis with entomopathogenic nematodes, are currently recognised as an important source of bioactive compounds. During their extraordinary life cycle, these bacteria are capable of fine regulation of mutualism and pathogenesis towards two different hosts, a nematode and a wide range of insect species, respectively. Consequently, survival in a specific ecological niche favours the richness of biosynthetic gene clusters and respective metabolites with a specific structure and function, providing templates for uncovering new agro
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Snyder, Holly, S. Patricia Stock, Sam-Kyu Kim, Yolanda Flores-Lara, and Steven Forst. "New Insights into the Colonization and Release Processes of Xenorhabdus nematophila and the Morphology and Ultrastructure of the Bacterial Receptacle of Its Nematode Host, Steinernema carpocapsae." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 16 (2007): 5338–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02947-06.

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ABSTRACT We present results from epifluorescence, differential interference contrast, and transmission electron microscopy showing that Xenorhabdus nematophila colonizes a receptacle in the anterior intestine of the infective juvenile (IJ) stage of Steinernema carpocapsae. This region is connected to the esophagus at the esophagointestinal junction. The process by which X. nematophila leaves this bacterial receptacle had not been analyzed previously. In this study we monitored the movement of green fluorescent protein-labeled bacteria during the release process. Our observations revealed that
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48

He, Hongjun, Holly A. Snyder, and Steven Forst. "Unique organization and regulation of the mrx fimbrial operon in Xenorhabdus nematophila." Microbiology 150, no. 5 (2004): 1439–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.26853-0.

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Xenorhabdus nematophila, a Gram-negative bacterium belonging to the Proteus clade of the family Enterobacteriaceae, forms a mutualistic association with the soil nematode Steinernema carpocapsae. The nematode invades insects and releases Xenorhabdus into the haemolymph, where it participates in insect killing. To begin to understand the role of fimbriae in the unique life cycle of Xenorhabdus, the organization and expression of the mrx fimbrial operon was analysed. The mrx operon contained only five structural genes (mrxACDGH), making it one of the smallest chaperone-usher fimbrial operons stu
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49

Wang, Huan, Hui Dong, Haitao Qian, Runxi Xia, and Bin Cong. "Isolation, bioassay and characterisation of Xenorhabdus sp. SY5, a highly virulent symbiotic bacterium of an entomopathogenic nematode isolated from China." Nematology 15, no. 2 (2013): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854112x651177.

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The entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN), together with their symbiotic bacteria, are obligate and lethal parasites of insects and are applied as biological approaches to pest management. In this paper, we isolated 122 strains of symbiotic bacteria from 23 EPN isolates that were gathered in various soils containing different vegetations from different regions of China. All these isolated bacterial strains showed oral insecticidal activity and/or growth inhibition to the larvae of Ostrinia furnacalis. Among these strains, Xenorhabdus sp. SY5 exhibited high insecticidal activity to O. furnacalis, Pl
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Schmidt, T. M., K. Kopecky, and K. H. Nealson. "Bioluminescence of the insect pathogen Xenorhabdus luminescens." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 55, no. 10 (1989): 2607–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.55.10.2607-2612.1989.

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