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Academic literature on the topic 'XH 3000'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "XH 3000"
Najjar, Maher. "An old story with new twists." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16030.
Full textLDH is an important prognostic marker in cancer staging and therapy. High serum LDH activity is associated with poor patient prognosis in different tumor types. LDH-A has been shown to play a major role in tumor malignancy, but the molecular mechanism behind this role is only starting to be understood. The objective of this work was to broaden our knowledge about the role of LDH-A gene product (LDH-V) in tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis-related gene expression, tumor malignancy and metastasis. Herein, LDH-A shRNA knockdown clones of murine B16F10 melanoma, Lewis Lung carcinoma and human HT29 colon carcinoma were generated to uncover the molecular mechanisms between diminished ability of metabolizing pyruvate to lactate and tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo. In this study, a significant correlation between tumor weight and serum LDH in in vivo tumor models was found, which additionally correlated with the in vitro LDH secretion. In vitro, suppression of LDH-A led to anti-proliferative effects in Lewis Lung and B16F10 tumor cells, while having no effect on HT29 cells. Interestingly, the consequence of limiting LDH activity in vitro did not show a direct correlation to the in vivo anti-tumor effects in LDH-deficient tumors: B16F10 tumor growth was unaffected by silencing LDH-A, while Lewis Lung and HT29 demonstrated a drastic reduction in tumor growth in vivo. B16F10 tumors were found to have increased VEGF expression upon LDH knockdown, and therefore were able to compensate the tumor growth inhibition-driven by LDH deficiency through increased tumor vascularization in vivo. In contrast, LDH-V suppressed Lewis Lung cells demonstrated an impeded glucose uptake ability under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Subsequently, a genome-wide gene expression analysis and functional assays of LDH-A deficient and control HT29 clones revealed potential new oncogenic features of LDH-A in tumor migration and invasion as well as a feedback loop to HIF1alpha. In summary, the collective data presented in this thesis provide new insights of LDH-V in tumor progression and therapeutic strategies for the treatment of cancer.
Güner, Dilek. "Deregulation von Zellzyklus und Apoptose beim Plattenepithelkarzinom des Ösophagus." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/14953.
Full textMalignant tumors frequently show inactivation of the Rb pathway and, as a result, deregulation of the G1 restriction point of the cell cycle and loss of growth control. Together with the inhibition of apoptosis signaling pathways, such events are key pathogenetic factors in tumor development. Moreover, these aberrations are decisive in determining tumor biology and characteristics such as intrinisic or acquired resistance to therapy and, consequently, the clinical prognosis of the malignant disease. In the present work, aberrations in the Rb and the p53 pathway were analysed. This retrospective study was undertaken in a cohort of 53 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent R0 resection with a curative intent. Protein expression in tumor samples was analysed by means of immunohistochemistry and mutations were investigated by the use of genomic SSCP-PCR. Activating point mutations of the K-ras oncogene were detected by the use of mutation-selective genomic PCR and a sequence specific solid phase hybridization assay. The analysis of individual genes showed a correlation between poor prognosis, i.e. short overall survival, and loss of the Rb pathway components p16INK4a, p21CIP/WAF-1, p27KIP1, and Rb itself, or overexpression of cyclin D1 or loss of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 homolog Bax. In contrast, overexpression of cyclin E, p53 or Bcl-2 and mutation of p53 or K-ras had no influence on disease prognosis. The longest survival was found in a subgroup of patients whose tumors exhibited a combination of favorable genotypes, i.e. low expression of cyclin D1, and high expression of Rb, p21CIP/WAF-1, p16INK4a and Bax. These results demonstrate that a multigene or "multimarker"-analysis of genes that act consecutively or synergistically in cell cycle and apoptosis signaling pathways is far superior to determine disease prognosis when compared to the analysis of individual genes. The identification of such genetic marker profiles should proove beneficial in clinical decision making in the therapy of malignant tumors. In the future, such diagnostic tools may be useful to complement conventional clinical and pathologic factors which in most instances do not allow prediction of disease prognosis.
Bhargava, Sarah. "Carbocyanin-markierte Derivate des vasoaktiven intestinalen Peptids fü die Tumordiagnostik." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/14707.
Full textVasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) is a 28meric neuropeptide with a broad range of biological activities which are mediated via binding to the heptahelical transmembrane receptors VPAC1 and VPAC2. Since VPAC1 is overexpressed on the surface of numerous tumour cells, VIP coupled with signal structures like fluorescence dyes is an interesting target for the tumour detection in the near-infrared range. The use of VIP in tumour diagnosis is limited due to the rapid proteolytic degradation and therefore suggests need for optimised VIP-analogues with enhanced stability. In the present work a complete substitutional analysis of VIP N-terminally labelled with carbocyanine dyes was performed. For that reason a new synthetic strategy has been developed, which allows the parallel production of soluble VIP-dye conjugates using the spot synthesis technique. The resulting 560 derivatives were tested for binding and internalisation using VPAC1-overexpressing cells by means of flow cytometry. Based on these results a VIP binding motif has been delineated, which facilitates the modification of VIP concerning stability enhancement and preservation of binding characteristics. Using a dye-walk the dye-coupling positions beneficial for cell binding were identified. Radioactive competitions studies and cAMP assays of selected dye-labeled VIP-conjugates demonstrated that specifity as well as production of cAMP or biological activity has been increased by alteration of the dye-position. For increasing metabolic stability of labelled VIP-analogues the dye-position showed little influence. But is has been shown that stability of VIP was increased by only one modification at position 8 (Asp8®Arg8). Furthermore [Arg8]-VIP-derivative has been used as a contrasting agent in in vivo-Imaging experiments with VPAC1-overexpressing tumours inoculated in mice. Here the results of stability test in rat liver extract were confirmed. N-terminally dye-labelled [Arg8]-VIP analogue revealed higher half-life-time in vivo towards N-terminally labelled native VIP-derivative. In addition the [Arg8]-VIP induced a higher tumour contrast between normal and tumour tissue.
Kowalski, Petra. "Modulation unterschiedlicher Formen der Multidrug-Resistenz mittels eines Multitargetmultiribozymes." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15511.
Full textCancer cells are often insensible against structurally and functionally unrelated drugs that is known as multiple drug resistance (MDR) and the main cause for treatment failure. Overexpression of the ABC-transporters P-gp (ABCB1), MRP2 (ABCC2), and BCRP (ABCG2) is associated with MDR in several cancer cell lines, e.g. in the stomach carcinoma cell lines EPG85-257RDB (P-gp), EPG85-257RNOV (BCRP), and in the ovarian carcinoma cell line A2780RCIS (MRP2). We aimed the development of a novel hammerhead ribozyme-based therapeutic approach capable of simultaneous silencing of the prementioned ABC-transporters, and consequently of reversing MDR phenotypes. We designed a so-called multitarget multiribozyme (MTMR) consisting of trans-acting hammerhead ribozymes directed against the MDR1, MRP2, and BCRP transcripts, of MDR1 homologous spacer sequences, and of cis-acting ribozymes against the spacer sequences. Autocatalytic cleavage in cis excised the full-length MTMR, and released trans-acting hammerhead ribozymes. We also evaluated the catalytic features of the MTMR using large RNA target molecules. Comparison of the kinetic values of the autocatalytically derived MTMR fragments with those of corresponding mono-ribozymes demonstrated an MTMR-mediated substrate cleavage without distinct loss in catalytic efficiency. Moreover, the MTMR was stably expressed in the prementioned multidrug-resistant cancer cell lines, and decreased the targeted transcripts about 97% (MDR1), 80% (MRP2), and 96% (BCRP) as well as the corresponding protein levels, respectively. Cellular MDR could be reverted about 70% (A2780RCIS), 95% (257RNOV), and 100% (257RDB). Additionally, the MTMR reversed mitoxantrone accumulation entirely, and daunorubicin accumulation about 90% in stomach carcinoma cells, respectively. Taken together, the MTMRs capability of simultaneous silencing of multiple genes provides an effective instrument to knockdown genes of interest.
Wolf, Jana. "Role of EBAG9 in COPI-dependent glycoprotein maturation and secretion processes in tumor cells." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16227.
Full textThe estrogen receptor-binding fragment-associated gene 9 (EBAG9) has received increased attention as an independent prognostic marker for disease-specific survival since in some human tumor entities high expression levels correlate with tumor progression and poor clinical prognosis. Interestingly, EBAG9 was identified as an ubiquitously expressed Golgi protein. Recent data demonstrate an involvement in regulated exocytosis in secretory cells and the cytotoxic functions of lymphocytes. However, EBAG9 is expressed in essentially all mammalian tissues, and in epithelial cells it has been identified as a modulator of tumorassociated O-linked glycan expression, a hallmark of many carcinomas. This thesis addresses the pathogenetic link between EBAG9 expression and the alteration of the cellular glycome. To gain further insights into the cellular functions of EBAG9 in epithelial cells, tumor-associated EBAG9 overexpression was mimicked in living cells. It was demonstrated that EBAG9 associates with anterograde COPI-coated carriers and shuttles between the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment and cis-Golgi stacks. EBAG9 overexpression imposes a delay in anterograde ER-to-Golgi transport and mislocalizes components of the ER quality-control and glycosylation machinery. Conversely, EBAG9 downregulation accelerates glycoprotein transport through the Golgi and enhances mannosidase activity. Functionally, EBAG9 impairs ArfGAP1 recruitment to membranes and consequently, interferes with the disassembly of the coat lattice at the cis-Golgi prior to fusion. Thus, EBAG9 acts as a negative regulator of a COPI-dependent ER-to-Golgi transport pathway in epithelial cells and represents a novel pathogenetic principle in which interference with intracellular membrane trafficking results in the emergence of a tumor-associated glycome.
Schnabel, Kai Philipp. "Entwicklung und Evaluation eines Expertensystemszur Prognoseabschätzung bei Kindern mitHirnstammgliomen." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/14453.
Full textAn expert system for the estimation of a prognosis was developed and evaluated which uses a new kind of valuation. Brainstem gliomas in the childhood were chosen as an example of a disease. HISTAGLI consists of an information component which gives an overview about the disease, a database in which all patient data is presented as text and graphics, and a prognosis creation component which creates a prognosis for newly inserted patients in six categories under consideration of different therapy pattern and explains the way towards the estimation of the prognosis. The knowledge base of the prognosis creation component was made out of the clinical and histopathological data of 23 children with brainstem gliomas halfautomaticly valued by an expert. There was a high correlation of 78,26% (with one category toleranz 86,96% ) accordance with the real prognosis of the patients. This result is only restricted transferable to new patients because of the number of cases which is too small for statistical evidence. Higher precision is expected with appropriate maintenance and an increasing number of cases.