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Journal articles on the topic 'Xhosa language – Written Xhosa'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Mona, G. V. "Contending ideologies and Xhosa written poetry: 1948–1955." South African Journal of African Languages 15, no. 4 (January 1995): 176–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1995.10587076.

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2

Kaschula, Russell H. "Xhosa literary history: towards transformation in selected Xhosa novels." South African Journal of African Languages 23, no. 2 (January 2003): 60–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2003.10587207.

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3

OPLAND, J., and J. A. Louw. "XHOSA ORAL POETRY." South African Journal of African Languages 5, sup1 (January 1985): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1985.10586640.

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4

Louw, J. A. "Auxiliary verb in Xhosa." South African Journal of African Languages 7, no. 1 (January 1987): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1987.10586678.

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5

Opland, Jeff. "Xhosa izibongo: Improvised line." South African Journal of African Languages 10, no. 4 (January 1990): 239–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1990.10586854.

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6

Jokweni, M. W., and H. M. Thipa. "ATR harmony in Xhosa." South African Journal of African Languages 16, no. 4 (January 1996): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1996.10587129.

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7

Carstens, Vicki, and Loyiso Mletshe. "Radical Defectivity: Implications of Xhosa Expletive Constructions." Linguistic Inquiry 46, no. 2 (April 2015): 187–242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling_a_00180.

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In Xhosa VSO clauses, subject agreement exhibits default features, objects cannot be pronominalized, a subject focus reading is obligatory, and experiencer verbs with two DP arguments are precluded. We argue that impoverished versions of T and v* in VSO clauses lack the probe features involved in subject agreement, EPP, object shift, and nominative/accusative valuation within Xhosa SVO sentences. Only an unusual focus-linked strategy can Case-license full DPs in VSO clauses, but this is incompatible with inherent Cases borne by arguments of experiencer verbs. We show that CPs and augmentless NPs appear in positions where DPs cannot surface because uCase is a feature of D. Given the striking evidence for abstract Case in Xhosa, we propose Case-friendly analyses for Bantu Case-theoretic anomalies that Xhosa shares.

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8

de Klerk, Vivian. "To be Xhosa or not to be Xhosa … That is the Question." Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 21, no. 3 (June 2000): 198–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01434630008666401.

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9

Thuynsma, Peter. "Xhosa Ntsomi: The Language of Gesture." English Academy Review 4, no. 1 (January 1987): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10131758785310071.

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10

Gough, David H. "Xhosa beyond the textbook: an analysis of grammatical variation of selected Xhosa constructions." South African Journal of African Languages 15, no. 4 (January 1995): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1995.10587073.

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11

du Plessis, J. A. "Category COMP and complementizerukubain Xhosa." South African Journal of African Languages 9, no. 1 (January 1989): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1989.10586771.

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12

du Plessis, J. A. "Complementizers and nouns in Xhosa." South African Journal of African Languages 10, no. 1 (January 1990): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1990.10586826.

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13

Brand, H. S. P., and J. C. Roux. "Devokalisasie in Xhosa: 'n herinterpretasie." South African Journal of African Languages 10, no. 3 (January 1990): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1990.10586842.

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14

Roux, J. C. "Xhosa: A tone or pitch–accent language?" South African Journal of Linguistics 16, sup36 (December 1998): 33–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10118063.1998.9724401.

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15

de Klerk, Vivian. "Xhosa English as an institutionalised variety of English." English World-Wide 24, no. 2 (December 5, 2003): 221–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.24.2.05dek.

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This paper aims to examine the English of Xhosa speakers (a significant proportion of speakers of Black South African English, since Xhosa is the second largest indigenous black language in South Africa), in terms of Williams’ (1987) criteria for Non-native Institutionalised Varieties of English (NIVEs). Using a corpus-based approach, the article reports on the results of analyses of a range of linguistic features in the newly-developed corpus of spoken Xhosa English (over 500 000 words), in an effort to go some way towards providing the evidence so necessary for the endorsement of newly established norms, and to counteract the pull of native English norms, “which tend to result in the stigmatisation of some of the major indexical markers of the non-native varieties” (Bamgbose 1998:3).

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16

Malinga, R. M. M. "Locative and comparative ku- in Xhosa." South African Journal of African Languages 6, no. 2 (January 1986): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1986.10586656.

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17

Visser, Marianna W. "Cliticization and Case theory in Xhosa." South African Journal of African Languages 6, no. 3 (January 1986): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1986.10586664.

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18

Roux, J. C. "Grapheme-to-phoneme conversions in Xhosa." South African Journal of African Languages 9, no. 2 (January 1989): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1989.10586782.

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19

Neethling, S. J. "Proverbs: window on the Xhosa world?" South African Journal of African Languages 15, no. 4 (January 1995): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1995.10587078.

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20

Dowling, Tessa. "Satirical strategies in Xhosa under apartheid." South African Journal of African Languages 17, no. 2 (January 1997): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1997.10587160.

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21

Dowling, T., and L. Grier. "FROM WHITE BEADS TO WHITE WORDS: SYMBOLS AND LANGUAGE IN THE MARKETING OF XHOSA TRADITIONAL HEALERS." Southern African Journal for Folklore Studies 24, no. 2 (September 26, 2016): 134–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/1016-8427/1613.

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Much research has been conducted on African traditional healers generally (Arden 1996; Chidester 1996; Chakanza 2006; Reeder 2011), and Xhosa diviners and herbalists specifically (Hammond-Tooke 1989; Hirst 1997, 2005), but none of this work focuses on their particular public discourse. Some researchers (Tyrrell 1976; Broster & Bourn 1982) describe outward symbols and publicly knowable signs of their identity, but do not analyse the implicit meanings of these symbols. In order to reach a more nuanced understanding of how Xhosa diviners and herbalists traditionally used to market themselves to their public (how they made themselves publically known), this paper draws on information from documented investigations into diviners and herbalists in South Africa; a description of their current marketing strategies is drawn from our own research and inquiries. We argue that Xhosa herbalists and diviners are key players in negotiating the socio-cultural aspects of their respective societies, and changes in the way they communicate their services highlight a shift in the South African linguistic and symbolic landscape. Diviners and healers now use current key symbols (including English and Western symbols) with a concurrent loss of Xhosa cultural expressions and symbols, which are only retained to reference non-secular (i.e. spiritual) or organic (i.e. natural) forms of healing.

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22

de Klerk, Vivian. "Expressing levels of intensity in Xhosa English." English World-Wide 26, no. 1 (March 11, 2005): 77–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.26.1.04dek.

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This article reports on patterns of adverbial usage in a 550 000-word corpus of informal spoken English collected from mother tongue (MT) Xhosa speakers for whom English is a second language. The focus is on the subset of intensifiers which accompany gradable adverbs and adjectives that allow comparison and modification (e.g. rather hard) and the benchmark used for comparison with so-called natural MT English usage is the spoken component of the International Corpus of New Zealand English (Holmes 1995; 1996). Results reveal that patterns of usage vary enormously between Xhosa English (XhE) and New Zealand English (NZE). Not only do they vary in overall frequency of use in all categories, with XhE speakers using fewer intensifiers, but the XhE speakers also draw from a smaller lexical range, which suggests a process of lexical focusing. Other characteristic patterns of intensifier usage include differences in adverbial placement as well as formulaic phrasing.

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23

de Klerk, Vivian. "Starting with Xhosa English towards a spoken corpus." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 7, no. 1 (October 18, 2002): 21–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.7.1.02dek.

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This paper describes the underlying motivation for the proposed structure and design of a corpus of Xhosa English, which aims ultimately to form part of a larger corpus of Black South African English (BSAE). The planned corpus will be exclusively based on spoken spontaneous Xhosa English, and full justification for this decision is provided in the paper. In particular the paper argues that the current South African English component of the International Corpus of English (ICE) cannot be regarded as representative of any particular variety of South African English, because of the wide range of Englishes spoken in the country (by mother-tongue speakers, Indians, white and coloured Afrikaans speakers and the speakers of South Africa's nine indigenous languages). In addition, the article problematises theoretical concepts such as deciding what “educated” or standard English is (in a multilingual country with a very complex socio-political history), and argues that some of the text categories of ICE and other spoken corpora are inappropriate for the planned Xhosa English corpus.

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24

Zerbian, Sabine. "Phonological phrases in Xhosa (southern Bantu)." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 37 (January 1, 2004): 71–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.37.2004.246.

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This paper investigates how syntax and focus interact in deriving the phonological phrasing of utterances in Xhosa, a Bantu language spoken in South Africa. Although the influence of syntax on phrasing is uncontroversial, a purely syntactic analysis cannot account for all the data reported for Xhosa by Jokweni (1995). Focus influences the phrasing in that it inserts a phonological phrase-boundary after the focused constituent. This generalization can account for the variation found in the phrasing of adverbials. The findings are dealt with in an OT-based framework following Truckenbrodt's work on Chichewa (1995, 1999) which is extended to the phrasing of adjuncts.

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25

du Plessis, J. A. "The structure of nominal modifiers in Xhosa." South African Journal of African Languages 5, no. 2 (January 1985): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1985.10586588.

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26

du Plessis, J. A. "Distribution of the complementizerukubain the Xhosa sentence." South African Journal of African Languages 9, no. 2 (January 1989): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1989.10586778.

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27

du Plessis, J. A., and Marianna Visser. "Co-ordination and the subjunctive in Xhosa." South African Journal of African Languages 13, no. 3 (January 1993): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1993.10586968.

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28

de Klerk, Vivian, and Barbara Bosch. "Nicknaming among Xhosa-speaking children and adolescents." South African Journal of African Languages 17, no. 3 (January 1997): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1997.10587168.

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29

Jokweni, M. W. "Parametric phonology and boundary tonology in Xhosa." South African Journal of African Languages 18, no. 2 (January 1998): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1998.10587184.

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30

Crane, Thera Marie, and Bastian Persohn. "Notes on actionality in two Nguni languages of South Africa." Studies in African Linguistics 50, no. 2 (September 18, 2021): 227–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v50i2.123680.

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This paper presents some key findings of studies of actionality and the verbal grammar–lexicon interface in two Nguni Bantu languages of South Africa, Xhosa and Southern Ndebele. We describe interactions between grammatical tense marking (and other sentential bounding elements) and lexical verb types, arguing for the salience of inchoative verbs, which lexically encode a resultant state, and, in particular, a sub-class of inchoative verbs, biphasal verbs, which encode both a resultant state and the “coming-to-be” phase leading up to that state. We further discuss other important features of actional classes in Xhosa and Southern Ndebele, including topics such as the role of participant structure and the relative importance of cross-linguistically prominent distinctions such as that between Vendlerian activities and accomplishments. Although differences between Xhosa and Southern Ndebele are evident both in the behaviour of individual tense-aspect forms and in the interpretive possibilities of specific verbs, the general patterns are quite similar. This similarity suggests that the patterns are likely to extend to other Nguni languages, as well, and that cross-linguistic comparison of particular lexical items across these languages are both feasible and likely to bear fruit.

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31

Finlayson, Rosalie. "The Linguistic Implications of the Xhosa Initiation Schools." Language Matters 29, no. 1 (January 1998): 101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10228199808566134.

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32

Barkhuizen, Gary P. "Xhosa L1 learners' perceptions of language classes mechanical mysteries." South African Journal of African Languages 21, no. 3-4 (January 2001): 333–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2001.10587483.

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33

Scott, Lwando. "Inxeba (The Wound), Queerness and Xhosa Culture." Journal of African Cultural Studies 33, no. 1 (December 14, 2020): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13696815.2020.1792278.

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34

Neethling, S. J. "Naming in Xhosa folk-tales: A literary device." South African Journal of African Languages 5, no. 3 (January 1985): 88–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1985.10586598.

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35

du Plessis, J. A. "Some possibilities of the absolute pronoun in Xhosa." South African Journal of African Languages 5, no. 4 (January 1985): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1985.10586602.

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36

du Plessis, J. A. "Present tense in Xhosa: What does it mean?" South African Journal of African Languages 6, no. 2 (January 1986): 71–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1986.10586654.

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37

Roux, J. C., and A. J. Holtzhausen. "An acoustic and perceptual analysis of Xhosa vowels." South African Journal of African Languages 9, no. 1 (January 1989): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1989.10586776.

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38

Mtintsilana, Priscilla N. "Polysemy, homonymy and hyponymy in Xhosa bilingual dictionaries." South African Journal of African Languages 10, no. 2 (January 1990): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1990.10586835.

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39

Mtuze, P. T. "The muted voice of the modern Xhosa poet." South African Journal of African Languages 11, no. 1 (January 1991): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1991.10586884.

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40

Neethling, S. J. "Eating forbidden fruit in a Xhosa oral narrative." South African Journal of African Languages 11, no. 3 (January 1991): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1991.10586896.

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41

Thipa, H. M. "THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RURAL AND URBAN XHOSA VARIETIES." South African Journal of African Languages 12, sup1 (January 1992): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1992.10586950.

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42

Oosthuizen, G. C. "The Reverend Walther Bourquin—missionary and Xhosa linguist." South African Journal of African Languages 13, sup2 (January 1993): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1993.10586988.

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43

Visser, Marianna. "The thematic structure of event nominals in Xhosa." South African Journal of African Languages 17, no. 2 (January 1997): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1997.10587163.

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44

Satyo, Nomsa P. "Women in Xhosa drama: dramatic and cultural perspectives." South African Journal of African Languages 19, no. 3 (January 1999): 166–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1999.10587394.

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45

Visser, Marianna. "The category DP in Xhosa and Northern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 22, no. 4 (January 2002): 280–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2002.10587517.

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46

Jones, C. JJ, and J. C. Roux. "Acoustic and perceptual qualities of queclaratives in Xhosa." South African Journal of African Languages 23, no. 4 (January 2003): 223–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2003.10587220.

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47

Carstens, Vicki, and Jochen Zeller. "‘Only’ in Nguni: A Phrase-Final Particle Meets Antisymmetry Theory." Linguistic Inquiry 51, no. 2 (March 2020): 199–235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling_a_00337.

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This article investigates the syntax of the phrase-final focus particles kuphela and qha ‘only’ in Zulu and Xhosa (Nguni; Bantu). We show that kuphela’s and qha’s associations with a focused constituent respect the complex topography of information structure in Nguni and, like English only, a surface c-command requirement. However, unlike English only, the Zulu and Xhosa particles typically follow the focus associate they c-command, a fact that poses a serious challenge for Kayne’s (1994) antisymmetry theory. We demonstrate that the Nguni facts are incompatible with recent Linear Correspondence Axiom–inspired approaches to phrase-final particles in other languages and, after weighing the merits of several approaches, we conclude that kuphela is an adjunct and that syntax is only weakly antisymmetric: adjuncts are not subject to the LCA.

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48

Dowling, Tessa. "‘Stressed and sexy’: lexical borrowing in Cape Town Xhosa." International Journal of Multilingualism 8, no. 4 (November 2011): 345–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14790718.2011.604128.

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49

Louw, J. A., and Rosalie Finlayson. "Southern Bantu origins as represented by Xhosa and Tswana." South African Journal of African Languages 10, no. 4 (January 1990): 401–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1990.10586873.

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50

Mtuze, P. T. "Female stereotyping in Xhosa prose fiction and folk-tales." South African Journal of African Languages 11, no. 2 (January 1991): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1991.10586893.

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