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1
Perry, John Oliver, and G. N. Devy. "Indian Literary Criticism: Theory and Interpretation." World Literature Today 77, no. 1 (2003): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40157830.
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Slater, Niall W. "‘Against Interpretation’: Petronius and art Criticism." Ramus 16, no. 1-2 (1987): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0048671x00003295.
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For forty years a debate has raged in Petronian studies between the moralists and, for want of a better term, the anti-moralists. From Highet in the 1940's to Bacon and Arrowsmith in the 1950's and 60's, the moralists held a certain advantage. Whatever important divergences there were among these critics, all agreed on a Petronius who stood in some critical relation to his society. The dissenting voices have grown much louder of late. Ironically, the literary brilliance of Arrowsmith's New Critical reading of the Satyricon helped to turn the tide against the moralist viewpoint. The more apparent the literary sophistication of the Satyricon has become, the less willing late twentieth century readers have been to see a programmatic moral critique as its main purpose. Sullivan's view of Petronius as a ‘literary opportunist’ has come to dominate the field.With Graham Anderson's book, Eros Sophistes: Ancient Novelists at Play, the retreat from the position of Highet is now complete. We have finally reached the logical, New Critical conclusion that the Satyricon is an entirely self-contained literary game without any message whatsoever; in effect we are told that, like any serious piece of literature, the Satyricon ‘should not mean, but be’. Anderson is eager to disavow ‘the unproven conviction that every work must have a message, however diffusely or perversely expressed’.
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Fowler, Robert M., and George A. Kennedy. "New Testament Interpretation through Rhetorical Criticism." Journal of Biblical Literature 105, no. 2 (June 1986): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3260415.
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Rosenberg, Ruth, and Jerome J. McGann. "Textual Criticism and Literary Interpretation." South Central Review 3, no. 4 (1986): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3189693.
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May, Jill P. "Theory and Textual Interpretation: Children's Literature and Literary Criticism." Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association 30, no. 1/2 (1997): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1315428.
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Davies, Paul, Greta Gaard, and Patrick D. Murphy. "Ecofeminist Literary Criticism: Theory, Interpretation, Pedagogy." Modern Language Review 95, no. 4 (October 2000): 1174. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3736723.
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Rigby, Nigel, and Nicholas J. Goetzfridt. "Indigenous Literature of Oceania: A Survey of Criticism and Interpretation." World Literature Today 69, no. 4 (1995): 878. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40151826.
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CHEN, Zhongxiang. "Interpretation of the Women in the Biblical Literature." Review of Social Sciences 1, no. 6 (June 29, 2016): 09. http://dx.doi.org/10.18533/rss.v1i6.36.
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<p>Bible as literature and Bible as religion are comparative. It is without doubt that Bible, as a religious doctrine, has played a great role in Judaism and Christianity. It is meanwhile a whole literature collection of history, law, ethics, poems, proverbs, biography and legends. As the source of western literature, Bible has significant influence on the English language and culture, English writing and modeling of characters in the subsequent time. Interpreting the female characters in the Bible would affirm the value of women, view the feminist criticism in an objective way and agree the harmonious relationship between the men and the women. </p>
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Levenson, Jon D. "Religious Affirmation and Historical Criticism in Heschel's Biblical Interpretation." AJS Review 25, no. 1 (April 2001): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s036400940001223x.
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Not least among the bittersweet gifts of modernity to the Jews is the complication of dealing with the Bible both as sacred scripture and as a document subject to the same canons of inquiry as any other historical, or putatively historical, record. The problem goes far beyond the familiar one posed by narratives that ancient historians find doubtful or quite impossible. For historical critical research into the Tanakh (as into all other scriptures) also uncovers the processes of development of the worldviews within the literature and thus puts a painful question to those who wish to affirm Judaism as a contemporary reality. How can a literature so variegated and contradictory speak with a normative voice today? It is no wonder that so many biblical scholars avoid the normative theological questions altogether and content themselves with historical and philological description (which, of course, presupposes norms of its own). It is also no wonder that so many religious practitioners neglect the historical issues and treat their scriptures as representing a static, uniform, and unvarying worldview—not surprisingly, the worldview of their own, postbiblical affirmation.
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Quick, Laura. "Dream Accounts in the Hebrew Bible and Ancient Jewish Literature." Currents in Biblical Research 17, no. 1 (October 2018): 8–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1476993x17743116.
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The study of dreams and their interpretation in the literary remains from antiquity have become increasingly popular access points to the phenomenological study of religious experience in the ancient world, as well as of the literary forms in which this experience was couched. This article considers the phenomenon of dreaming in the Hebrew Bible and ancient Jewish literature. I consider treatments of these dream accounts, noting the development in the methodological means by which this material has been approached, moving from source criticism, to tradition history, and finally to form-critical methods. Ultimately, I will argue that form criticism in particular enables scholars to discern shifts and developments across diachronic perspectives. Study of dream accounts is thus illuminating not only for the understanding of dream phenomena, but also for the development of apocalyptic and the method and means of early Jewish biblical interpretation.
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Marshall, Donald G., and Daniel T. O'Hara. "The Romance of Interpretation: Visionary Criticism from Pater to De Man." Comparative Literature 41, no. 2 (1989): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1770986.
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Fry, Paul. "The New Metacriticisms and the Fate of Interpretation." Modern Language Quarterly 81, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 267–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00267929-8351507.
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Abstract Advanced schools of literary research today concur in their disapproval of unscaffolded interpretations of texts that “overhear” the presumed self-communing voices of authors in their solitude. Choosing from among the many antihermeneutic arguments, this essay responds in the main to the “historical poetics” of Virginia Jackson’s Dickinson’s Misery, with its reconsideration of the lyric poem and its place in the canon and reading practices of modern criticism. Neither direct interpretation of a text that lacks focus on its modes of circulation and transmission nor indeed any sort of interpretation at all has been a constant in the history of criticism. Interpretation has coincided only with periods in which literature as “secular scripture” was considered at once culturally important and difficult to understand—and not even always then, as modernist texts aimed to constitute their own interpretations. If poetry is understood as statement embedded in language, and if it is still both important and difficult, perhaps we can reserve a place for interpretations that are not wholly dependent on the mediatic circumstances of which Jackson and others have taught us to be more fully aware.
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Sumarno, Sumarno, and Dewi Ratnaningsih. "Kritik Sajak F Rahardi “Nasehat Nenek Pada Cucu Laki-Lakinya yang Sedang Patah Hati”." Edukasi Lingua Sastra 19, no. 1 (April 28, 2021): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.47637/elsa.v19i1.319.
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Literature criticism could be used as media for connecting the reader and the literature. Stages done in literature criticism is started by interpretation, analysis, and evaluation. Based on interpreation, analysis, and evaluation, this rhyme use clear diction, so it’s become inappropriate for student. In addition, some Indonesian words such as berak, kencing, cebok, and kentut are assumed as inappropriate words. Thus, this literature has low education value for young readers, like students. The use of inappropriate enjambemen also creates and produces unclear meaning in every line of literature.
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Santosa, Puji. "KONDISI KRITIK SASTRA INDONESIA SEABAD H.B. JASSIN (Indonesia Literary Criticism in A Century of H. B. Jassin)." Kandai 13, no. 1 (August 24, 2017): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/jk.v13i1.94.
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This study aims to reveal and to describe the condition of Indonesian literary criticismin a century of H.B. Jassin (1917-2017). The research problem is how the condition of Indonesian literary criticism in a century of H.B. Jassin? The method used is the historical and descriptive method. The research proves that the condition of Indonesian literary criticism in a century of H.B. Jassin progressing quite encouraging on four genres of literary criticism, namely: (1)general literary criticism or practical literary criticism developed in printed media and electronic, (2) history of academic literary that thrives in academic research focusing on philology, (3) literature appreciation and interpretation that developes in the academic and scientific journal of literature, and (4) literary theory that developes in academic world as a basic reference for writing literature scientific papers. From these results it can be concluded that the condition of Indonesian literary criticism in a century of H.B. Jassin has never been stagnant or vacuum.
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Jackson, Virginia. "Historical Poetics and the Dream of Interpretation: A Response to Paul Fry." Modern Language Quarterly 81, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 289–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00267929-8351520.
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Abstract As a response to Paul Fry’s essay “The New Metacriticisms and the Fate of Interpretation,” this essay asks a few questions: (1) Isn’t “metacriticism” what the twentieth century meant by literary criticism? (2) Why is modern literary criticism so defensive when it comes to lyric poetry? (3) What happens when the historical situation of a lyric literalizes apostrophic address? The answer to the first of these questions is yes. The answer to the second question depends on the critic, but this essay points out that defenses of lyric began in the early nineteenth century, so modern lyric theory continues a long tradition. The white male supremacist foundation of those defenses informs definitions of lyric poetry as utterance overheard, as solitary self-address. Fry is right that historical poetics attempts to rock that two-hundred-year-old foundation. The answer to the third question is that many poets have also rocked that foundation over those two centuries. The essay ends by interpreting an apostrophic ode written and published by George Moses Horton in 1828. Horton’s enslavement in North Carolina literalized the figurative situation of address that has come to define lyric reading.
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Ahmadi, Anas, Darni Darni, and Bambang Yulianto. "Understanding Indonesian People through Literature: Indigenous Psycho-Sociology Perspectives." International Journal of Criminology and Sociology 10 (August 3, 2021): 1277–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2021.10.147.
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Indigenous studies are currently attracting humanities researchers, one of which is the field of literature. Literary researchers explore the locality contained in literary texts through the perspective of indigenous studies. In this regard, this study explored Indonesian literature through the perspective of indigenous studies. The theory used in this study was literary criticism associated with indigenous psychology and indigenous sociology. The data source used was the Rafilus novel written by Budi Darma. The research method used was qualitative because the researchers emphasized the interpretation of the text. Data analysis techniques included the stages of indexation, reduction, exposure, and interpretation. The results showed that the character Rafilus displays the psychological side of indigenous people of Java through segmentation: friendliness dan politeness in life, self-awareness in life, a simple life desire, and loves to learn.
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Langlands, Rebecca. "Latin Literature." Greece and Rome 64, no. 2 (October 2017): 188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383517000092.
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I still remember the thrill of reading for the first time, as an undergraduate, Frederick Ahl's seminal articles ‘The Art of Safe Criticism’ and the ‘Horse and the Rider’, and the ensuing sense that the doors of perception were opening to reveal for me the (alarming) secrets of Latin poetry. The collectionWordplay and Powerplay in Latin Poetryis a tribute to Ahl, and all twenty-two articles take his scholarship as their inspiration. Fittingly, this book is often playful and great fun to read, and contains some beautiful writing from its contributors, but also reflects the darker side of Latin literature's entanglement with violence and oppression. For the latter, see especially Joy Connolly's sobering discussion of ‘A Theory of Violence’ in Lucan, which draws on Achille Mbembe's theory of the reiterative violence of everyday life that sustains postcolonial rule in Africa (273–97), which resonates bleakly beyond Classical scholarship to the present day. Elsewhere there is much emphasis (ha!) on the practice and effects of veiled speech, ambiguity, and hidden meanings. Pleasingly, Michael Fontaine identifies what he calls ‘Freudian Bullseyes’ in Virgil: a ‘correct word that hits the mark’ (141) that also reveals – simply and directly – the unspoken guilty preoccupations of the speaker: Dido's lust for Aeneas, Aeneas’ grief-stricken sense of responsibility for Pallas’ death. A citation from F. Scott Fitzgerald'sTender is the Nightprovides the chilling final line of Emily Gowers’ delicious article about what ripples out beyond the coincidence of sound of Dido/bubo. The volume explores subversive responses to power (for example, the articles of Erica Bexley and David Konstan), as well as the risk of powerful retaliation (Rhiannon Ash considers the political consequences of poetry as represented by Tacitus). There are also broader methodological reflections on interpretation, from musings on the reader's pleasure at decoding the hidden messages of wordplay such as puns, anagrams, and acrostics (as Fitch puts it, ‘the pleasure of wit, combined with the pleasure of active involvement’ [327]) to exploration of the anxiety of a reader who worries that they may be over-interpreting a text. Contributions variously address the ‘paranoia’ of literary criticism and the drive to try to ground meaning in the text and prove authorial intention: while John Fitch asks if the wordplay ‘really is there’ in the etymological names used by Seneca in his plays (314), Alex Dressler's article (37–68) helps frame the various modes of interpretation that we find in subsequent articles, by putting interpretation itself under scrutiny. His intriguing analysis introduces the helpful motif of espionage (interweaving Syme's possible post-war role in intelligence with Augustan conspiracy and conspiracy theories) and concludes that – like double agents – ‘secret meanings’ need a handler (53) and we readers need to take responsibility for our own partisan readings.
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Ibrokhim, Khakkul. "NOTION “TARK” AND ITS INTERPRETATION IN THE POETRY OF NAVAI." ALISHER NAVOIY INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 1, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-1490-2021-1-5.
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The article concerns a scientific analysis of renunciation notion, playing an important role in the oriental classic literature, and its interpretations in the poetry of Alisher Navoi. There is an elucidation of renunciation state from the viewpoint of generality of Sufism and literary criticism, in the past and the present. Renunciation from the worldly life, renunciation from afterlife and self-renunciation are important statuses in the appeasement of passion,and in the heart soothing.
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Ravitsky, Aviram. "Yaʿqūb al-Qirqisānī on Human Intellect, Legal Inference, and the Meaning of the Aristotelian Syllogism." Journal of Jewish Thought and Philosophy 26, no. 2 (October 18, 2018): 149–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1477285x-12341230.
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Abstract In the fourth treatise of his legal-theological work Kitāb al-Anwār wa-al-Marāqib, Yaʿqūb al-Qirqisānī analyzes a criticism of the Aristotelian syllogism and its epistemological foundations. Qirqisānī defends Aristotelian logic by quoting a passage from an unknown commentary on Aristotle in which the Aristotelian theory of syllogism is explicated. This paper focuses on the historical, theological, and philosophical meanings of the criticism of the syllogism in Qirqisānī’s discussion and analyzes his interpretation of the syllogism as a source of knowledge that should be applied in the realm of legal reasoning and in the interpretation of biblical law.
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Du Plessis, J. W., and D. H. Steenberg. "Uit die oogpunt van ’n vrou? Perspektief op feministiese literêre kritiek in die kader van die Airikaanse prosa." Literator 12, no. 3 (May 6, 1991): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v12i3.781.
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Feminists feel that in literary criticism not enough consideration is given to feminism as an ideology in the production of texts. According to them, existing literary criticism is strongly man-centred. This is especially true of the practice of South African literary criticism. Although feminism does not have at its disposal a formulated feminist literary criticism, a great deal of research has been done in this direction abroad. This is especially the case in Europe and America. Feminist literary critics apply themselves to the representation of the woman in works by male authors and an analysis of feminine experience in the production of texts by women. This article is an exploration of the Anglo-American and French approaches in feminist literary criticism. An attempt is made to formulate the aims of a possible South African feminist literary criticism in order that not only the general norms, but also the feminist codes in the production of a text, speak towards the final interpretation of a work.
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NURSIDA, IDA. "MENAKAR HERMENEUTIKA DALAM KAJIAN SASTRA." ALQALAM 34, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.32678/alqalam.v34i1.1833.
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The study of literature is signed by an inherent and important activity within it, i.e. interpretation. The activity of literature appreciation and literature criticism, both of its periphery and its orifice, deals with literature studies that should be interpreted. Every interpretation activity of literature works always involves in a hermeneutical process. Hence, hermeneutics occupies a crucial position and it is impossible to disregard it in the analyis of the literature works. Based on that explanation, hermeneutics is something important to discuss comprehensively in order to obtain sufficient understanding. Hermeneutics developed in the literature interpretation deals closely with the development of hermeneutical thoughts, especially on the history of philosophy and theology because it begins to appear from these two subjects. To understand hermeneutics in the literature interpretation, it is necessary to comprehensively understand the history and the concept of hermeneutics, especially dealing with three variants of hermeneutics which develop in the tradition of modern hermeneutics: methodological or theoritical hermeneutics, philosophical hermeneutics, and critical hermeneutics. by understanding these three variants, it enables us to have sufficient understanding on hermeneutics in the literature studies.
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SMITH, AYANA. "Blues, criticism, and the signifying trickster." Popular Music 24, no. 2 (May 2005): 179–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143005000449.
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Scholars in the field of literary theory have defined clearly the role of signifying in African-American literature. This article identifies one aspect of the signifying tradition and its influence on the early blues tradition. Since the Signifying Monkey is the ultimate trickster in the African-American narrative tradition, this article presents evidence for considering the blues singer as a trickster figure at several different levels. First, the singer identifies with the trickster's character traits through pseudo-autobiographical content in song narratives, particularly in expressing socially aggressive or unacceptable exploits. Second, the trickster figure can be perceived as the singer's alter ego, as in songs about the boll weevil and similar folk characters. Third, the topics or tropes associated with crossroads and railways, used frequently in blues texts, relate to the liminal nature of Esu-Elegbara (the African ancestor of the Signifying Monkey), who embodies the boundary between the word and its (mis)interpretation.
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Gruschko, Svitlana. "TRANSLATION AS MENTAL INTERPRETATION ACTIVITY IN LINGUISTICS AND LITERATURE." Naukovy Visnyk of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky: Linguistic Sciences 18, no. 28 (July 2019): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2019-28-4.
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In the article the phenomenon of translation is regarded as mental interpretation activity not only in linguistics, but also in literary criticism. The literary work and its translation are most vivid guides to mental and cultural life of people, an example of intercultural communication. An adequate perception of non-native culture depends on communicators’ general fund of knowledge. The essential part of such fund of knowledge is native language, and translation, being a mediator, is a means of cross-language and cross-cultural communication. Mastering another language through literature, a person is mastering new world and its culture. The process of literary texts’ translation requires language creativity of the translator, who becomes so-called “co-author” of the work. Translation activity is a result of the interpreter’s creativity and a sort of language activity: language units are being selected according to language units of the original text. This kind of approach actualizes linguistic researching of real translation facts: balance between language and speech units of the translated work (i.e. translationinterpretation, author’s made-up words, or revised language peculiarities of the characters). The process of literary translation by itself should be considered within the dimension of a dialogue between cultures. Such a dialogue takes place in the frame of different national stereotypes of thinking and communicational behavior, which influences mutual understanding between the communicators with the help of literary work being a mediator. So, modern linguistics actualizes the research of language activities during the process of literary work’s creating. This problem has to be studied furthermore, it can be considered as one of the central ones to be under consideration while dealing with cultural dimension of the translation process, including the process of solving the problems of cross-cultural communication.
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Mondry, H. "Glasnost in Soviet literary criticism: current debates on the Russian national character (1988-1990)." Literator 12, no. 3 (May 6, 1991): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v12i3.783.
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Re-evaluation of the cultural heritage of the past has been an integral part of Soviet literary criticism. From 1987 up to the present, literary criticism has played a leading role in the promotion of the economic, social and political reforms of perestroika. Literary critics use the methodology of social deconstruction in the interpretation of the literary texts of the past, actualising the problematics of the texts in accordance with their relevance to contemporary Soviet issues.
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Besbes, Khaled. "Theory-Inspired Rather than Theory-Based Criticism: Towards a Semeiocritical Method for the Interpretation of Literature." Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 54, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 21–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/stap-2019-0002.
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AbstractThe present article is written almost a decade and a half after the reticent announcement of the death of literary theory by a number of scholars around the world. But during all these years, the humanities have not managed to drive Theory out of the seminar rooms of English departments, nor have the anti-theory proponents managed to remove it from the syllabi of English studies or even from the shelves of specialized libraries. After all these years, English studies academicians find themselves still doing Theory: holding conferences on how to conduct literary studies, organizing debates on how to launch new approaches that could possibly replace critical theories, and encouraging research into less-theorized methods of literary interpretation that could respond to the ineluctable need for a method in studying literature. For good or ill, whether we admit it or not, the echoes of literary theories continue to linger behind the scenes of all debates about literature and literary studies. The question is therefore not how to bring those echoes to silence, but rather how to find a way out of the post-theory deadlock by proposing what I have chosen to name the semeiocritical method as a theory-inspired, rather than theory-based approach to literature. The present article seeks to answer two questions: (1) how can we benefit from the lessons of literary theory without systematically doing theory or being methodically loyal to theories? and (2) how can we maximize the effects of literary interpretation in such a way as to cover as many aspects as possible of the signifying processes in the literary text while maintaining interpretive consistency?
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Brint, M. E. "Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Benjamin Constant: A Dialogue on Freedom and Tyranny." Review of Politics 47, no. 3 (July 1985): 323–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034670500036901.
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Although largely neglected in the literature, Benjamin Constant was one of Rousseau's most powerful and subtle nineteenth-century critics. In the first part of this essay, I have revived Constant's criticism of Rousseau's conception of freedom and tyranny. In the second part, I have provided counterfactual evidence in an attempt to show how Rousseau would have responded to Constant's interpretation. By demonstrating both Constant's criticism and Rousseau's defense, I have depicted the relationship between these two thinkers as a dialogue — a dialogue on the meaning of freedom and tyranny.
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Elliott, J. K., P. J. Hartin, and J. H. Petzer. "Text and Interpretation: New Approaches in the Criticism of the New Testament." Novum Testamentum 34, no. 4 (October 1992): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1561186.
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NURSIDA, IDA. "MENAKAR HERMENEUTIKA DALAM KAJIAN SASTRA." ALQALAM 27, no. 1 (April 30, 2010): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.32678/alqalam.v27i1.585.
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The study of literature is signed by an inherent and important activity within it, i.e. interpretation. The activity of literature appreciation and literature criticism, both of its periphery and its orifice, deals with literature studies that should be interpreted. Every interpretation activity of literature works always involves in a hermeneutical process. Hence, hermeneutics occupies a crucial position and it is impossible to disregard it in the analyis of the literature works. Based on that explanation, hermeneutics is something important to discuss comprehensively in order to obtain sufficient understanding. Hermeneutics developed in the literature interpretation deals closely with the development of hermeneutical thoughts, especially on the history of philosophy and theology because it begins to appear from these two subjects. To understand hermeneutics in the literature interpretation, it is necessary to comprehensively understand the history and the concept of hermeneutics, especially dealing with three variants of hermeneutics which develop in the tradition of modern hermeneutics: methodological or theoritical hermeneutics, philosophical hermeneutics, and critical hermeneutics. by understanding these three variants, it enables us to have sufficient understanding on hermeneutics in the literature studies.
Keywords: hermeneutics, literature, catharsis, metodelogical level.
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Medvedev, Yu S. "Concept of Competitive Authoritarianism and Its Criticism in Scientific Literature." Journal of Political Theory, Political Philosophy and Sociology of Politics Politeia 100, no. 1 (March 11, 2021): 154–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.30570/2078-5089-2021-100-1-154-169.
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The concept of competitive authoritarianism by Steven Levitsky and Lucan Way has become one of the compelling responses to the decline of the transition paradigm that used to hold optimistic expectations about democratization of political regimes that combined elements of democracy and authoritarianism. According to Levitsky and Way’s logic, the presence of an authoritarian component does not allow one to characterize such mixed regimes as democratic, and in this sense, competitive authoritarianism is still authoritarianism. At the same time, it differs from other forms of authoritarian regimes due to the non-illusory ability of the opposition to compete for the executive power. The concept of competitive authoritarianism has been widely used in the study of political regimes, but the resulting important need for a deeper understanding of its assumptions has given rise to a number of critical evaluations among the researchers. The main criticism of the opponents regards the operationalization of the concept of “competitive authoritarianism”, the historical limitations of its usage, as well as Levitsky and Way’s idea that competitive authoritarian regimes are predetermined to democratize if they maintain broad and close ties with the West that are regarded as some kind of frozen objective reality. The article attempts to bring together the critical arguments that have been expressed in the research literature against the concept of competitive authoritarianism, and thereby contribute to a more balanced reception of this concept in the domestic scientific discourse. According to the author’s conclusion, the main flaws of the concept are related to the interpretation of the reasons for the vulnerability/stability of competitive authoritarian regimes. The focus on the role of the West and the regime’s ability to control the political process ignores a number of other significant factors, including the ability of the opposition to counter the current government with some real alternative, which is especially important in the Russian context, where the absence of such an alternative is one of the key reasons for the exceptional stability of the authoritarian regime.
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Görner, Rüdiger. "Poetik der Kritik – Ästhetik des Deutens." Journal of Literary Theory 14, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 31–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jlt-2020-0003.
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AbstractSome of the mainly unchartered territories in literary criticism are the implications of Susan Sontag’s frontal attack on traditional hermeneutical practices in Against Interpretation (1969). This contribution to investigations into the modes of interpretation attempts to draw constructive consequences from this provocation and investigate the notion of a ›poetics of criticism‹ emanating into what can be called the ›aesthetics of interpretation‹. In so doing, it explores the Romantic backdrop of this discourse through examining Friedrich Schlegel’s plea for a ›poetization‹ of critique and his demand to turn critical approaches into aesthetic, if not artistic, acts. Then, these reflections examine notions of perception or Anschauung as a cornerstone of comprehension; discuss poetic renderings of thought with Nietzsche, who epitomizes the fusion of reflection and aesthetic production; single out one of Gottfried Benn’s early poems (»Kreislauf«) as an object for putting aesthetic interpretation into practice given the specific character of this Expressionistic text; and, finally, assess elements of theories of recognition in terms of aesthetic practice with specific reference to a paragraph in early Adorno, which highlights cognitive transformation processes as matters of aesthetic experience.Thus, this essay illustrates the interrelationship between critical theory and practice as an aesthetic act, which takes into account the significance of Sontag’s challenge, exemplifying the necessity of finding a language register that can claim to strive towards adequacy in relation to the (artistic) object of criticism without compromising analytical rigour.The argument developed in this contribution towards an aesthetics of interpretation begins with a critical appreciation of various forms and modes of criticism in literature and other aspects of artistic expression. It centres on the significance of the dialogue as an explorative means of critical discourse, ranging from Friedrich Schlegel to Hugo von Hofmannsthal and indeed Hans Magnus Enzensberger. With the (fictive) dialogue as an instrument of aesthetic judgement, ›experience‹ entered the stage of literary criticism negotiating ambivalences and considering alternative points of view often generated from the texts under consideration.In terms of the ambivalences mentioned above, this investigation into the nature of criticism considers the notion of criticism as a form of art and an extrapolation of aesthetic reason as propagated already by Henry Kames, once even quoted by Hegel in connection with the establishing of a rationale for the critical appreciation of artistic products.It discusses the interplay of distance from, and empathy with, objects of aesthetic criticism asking to what extent the act of interpretation (Wolfgang Iser) can acquire a creative momentum of its own without distorting its true mission, namely to assess the characteristics and aesthetic qualities of specific (poetic) texts or other artistic objects. Following the closer examination of several of Nietzsche’s poems and Roland Barthes’s insistence on the segmentation of the linguistic material that constitutes a textual entity worthy of criticism, the article examines one of Gottfried Benn’s early poems (»Kreislauf«, 1912) in respect of its textual and structural dynamics, awkward sensuality as a form of negative eroticism. On the basis of a detailed linguistic, and indeed poetic, examination it shows where, when, and how literary criticism can meaningfully identify structural features as denominators for aesthetic experience.The final section is devoted to instrumentalize Adorno’s point that concepts can turn with some inevitability into images enabling the theory of cognition to acquire some credibility as a potentially fertile basis for aesthetic practice – both in literary criticism and poetic production. With a concluding reference to Paul Celan’s remark that language acquires a Being of its own and that something of existential significance occurs in the poem, this article illustrates that interpretation depends on a successful interplay of cognitive and sensual processes, which leaves criticism somewhere between aesthetic analysis and contextualization as well as between taking linguistic images metaphorically or indeed literarily. Finally, it suggests regarding aesthetic criticism as a way to assess both the actual creative process and its results as if they were involved in a ›dialogue‹ of their own. Therefore, interpretation can be seen as a process that generates its very own dynamics and procedures (i. e. ›poetics‹), either in relation to its object or in form of a juxtaposition. If the latter, the likelihood is stronger that ›interpretation‹ acquires more distinctiveness. Ultimately, however, the (quasi-performative) quality of interpretation depends on its stylistic features, the adequacy of language used, and conceptual stringency without disregarding its essential function, namely to enable a dialogue between the work of art and its recipient and the recipients amongst themselves.
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Kotze, H. "Desire, gender, power, language: a psychoanalytic reading of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein." Literator 21, no. 1 (April 26, 2000): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v21i1.440.
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Psychoanalytic literary criticism has always had a particular fascination with texts dealing with the supernatural, the mysterious and the monstrous. Unfortunately such criticism, valuable and provocative though the insights it has provided have been, has all too often treated the text as a “symptom” by which to explain or analyse an essentially extratextual factor, such as the author's psychological disposition. Many interpretations of Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein provide typical examples of this approach. Much psychoanalytic (and also feminist) criticism and interpretation of the novel have focused on the female psyche “behind” the text, showing how the psychoanalytic dynamics structuring Shelley’s own life have found precipitation in her novel. This article offers an alternative to this type of psychoanalytic reading by interpreting the novel in terms of a framework derived from Lacanian psychoanalysis, focusing on the text itself. This interpretation focuses primarily on the interrelated aspects of language, gender, desire and power as manifested in the novel, with the aim of highlighting some hitherto largely unexplored aspects of the text which may be useful in situating the text within the larger current discourse concerning issues of language and power.
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Марчук, Василий, and Vasiliy Marchuk. "Special Principles of Qualification of Crimes." Journal of Russian Law 2, no. 2 (January 20, 2014): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2242.
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The analysis of the criminally-legal literature by special principles of qualification of crimes is carried out. The criticism of scientific positions on this question is stated. Substantiated conclusions about necessity of allocation of following principles of qualification of crimes: comparability, scientific character, sufficiency, interpretation of ineradicable doubts in favor of the accused.
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Boer, Roland. "A Titanic Phenomenon: Marxism, History and Biblical Society." Historical Materialism 16, no. 4 (2008): 141–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156920608x357756.
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Marxist contributions to biblical criticism are far more sustained and complex than many would expect. This critical survey of the state of play, with a look back at the main currents that have led to that state, deals with Marxist contributions to the reconstructions of biblical societies and the interpretation of the literature produced by those societies. It begins by outlining the major Marxist positions within current biblical criticism and then moves on to consider two possible sources of further insight from outside biblical criticism: Western-Marxist studies of the ancient world (Karl Kautsky, Perry Anderson and G.E.M. de Ste. Croix) and the long and neglected tradition of Soviet-era Russian work on the ancient Near East. I conclude by pointing to a number of lingering problems: the unreliability of the literature for historical purposes; the lack of fit between juridical distinctions in the literature and class distinctions in the ancient world; the question as to whether the state can be a class; and the viability of imposing on the ancient world Marxist categories developed in very different situations.
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Haines, Daniel. "From Deleuze and Guattari's Words to a Deleuzian Theory of Reading." Deleuze Studies 9, no. 4 (November 2015): 529–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/dls.2015.0203.
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While Deleuze and Guattari's passion for certain literature is well known, the nature of a ‘Deleuzian’ literary criticism remains an open question. However, most critics appear to agree that Deleuze and Guattari's comments on meaning and interpretation offer an ontological alternative to the textual focus of deconstruction. Through an interrogation of the difficult style of their books in relation to Plato, Nietzsche and Derrida, this paper offers a different reading of Deleuze and Guattari in relation to literary criticism. Despite appearances, transcendental empiricism and the project of ‘overturning Platonism’ provide a Deleuzian theory of reading that attends to textuality.
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Bent, Geoffrey. "Chronicles of the Time: Acting as Applied Criticism in Hamlet." Theatre Research International 16, no. 1 (1991): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883300009998.
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It is common to describe the end product of an actor's labour as ‘an interpretation’, but somehow the expression's serious, critical dimension is never fully intended. Only a scholar with his pipe and tweeds would seem to possess the appropriate gravity to render judicious overviews of this kind. When one wants to know what Hamlet is ‘about’, they naturally turn to heavily footnoted exegesis found in periodicals with circulations under a thousand. What could someone prancing before a number greater than this in a single evening, wearing grease paint and tights no less, possibly add to such an exalted investigation?
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Dox, Donnalee. "Thinking Through Veils: Questions of Culture, Criticism and the Body." Theatre Research International 22, no. 2 (1997): 150–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883300020551.
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When Homi Bhabha discusses the problematics of signification and coding in intercultural interpretation, he questions the relationship between practices and the experience of culture. By questioning the power of codes and signifiers to fix cultural identity, Bhabha allows that the stable object of culture might be caught ‘in the disturbed artifice of its signification’, that is, ‘at the edge of experience’. This suggests to theatre and performance studies that the culturally inscribed body need not be viewed as a stable repository of displaced and deferred codes. The body may be intercepted in situations, or at moments, when signification dissolves and is reconfigured.
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Indraccolo, Lisa. "Textual Criticism of the." T’oung Pao 99, no. 4-5 (2013): 249–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685322-9945p0001.
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The present article compares the two principal received editions of the Gongsun Longzi in the Daozang and the Shuofu collections. Exploring the considerable number of textual variants between these two editions, the analysis challenges the acknowledged status of the Daozang as the superior version. Instead, both the Daozang and the Shuofu editions are at times inferior or superior to one another. Therefore, in the interpretation of the Gongsun Longzi both editions need to be consulted in order to unravel certain obscure passages. Altogether, due to the generally high degree of coherence between the two editions, the understanding of the Gongsun Longzi is significantly affected by textual variants only in a limited number of cases. This further suggests that the Daozang and Shuofu editions do not represent two separate lines of transmission but rather two textual witnesses of a common line. Cet article compare les deux principales éditions reçues du Gongsun Longzi, recueillies respectivement dans le Daozang et dans le Shuofu. L’analyse des multiples variantes textuelles entre les deux versions conduit à remettre en question la supériorité généralement admise de celle du Daozang. En réalité, chacune des deux éditions est suivant les cas supérieure ou inférieure à l’autre. Pour interpréter le Gongsun Longzi il convient par conséquent de consulter l’une et l’autre si l’on veut éclaircir certains passages obscurs. Dans la mesure où dans l’ensemble les deux éditions présentent un degré élevé de cohérence entre elles, les cas où la compréhension du texte est affectée de façon significative par les variantes restent finalement peu nombreux. Ce qui suggère que les versions du Daozang et du Shuofu représentent non pas deux lignées séparées de transmission, mais plutôt deux témoignages d’une seule et même lignée.
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Mari, Lorenzo. "Old and New Names. Afropolitanism, Failed-State Fiction and World Literature." New Global Studies 13, no. 1 (April 24, 2019): 102–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ngs-2019-0004.
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AbstractSince its establishment more than a decade ago, the cultural and political debate on Afropolitanism has been characterized by several different positions. In particular, the Afropolitan opposition to any kind of essentialism (Eze 2014) has been counterweighed by the necessity of a connection to “knowable African communities, nations and traditions” (Gikandi 2011, 9). This debate has been reproducing a typical oscillation of postcolonial theory and criticism between the celebration of hybridity (Bhabha 1994) and the interpretation of postcolonial texts as “national allegories” (Jameson 1986). At the same time, Afropolitanism appears to be related to a more recent phenomenon, which has been defined as “national failure” in political analysis (Zartman 1995; Rotberg 2004) and “failed-state fiction” in literary criticism (Marx 2008). The latter sheds a different light on Afropolitanism, by showing its advantages and its limits both on a national and transnational level. In view of this, Afropolitan literature – including the paradigmatic works by Helon Habila (2002, 2007, 2010) and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (2006, 2013) here analyzed – appears to be based on the persistence of “old names,” or categories, in an uneven but fruitful coexistence with the “new” ones (Eze 2016).
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Freundlieb, Dieter. "The Empirical Study of Literature. How Empirical can it be?" Empirical Studies of the Arts 7, no. 2 (July 1989): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/5g5l-lltg-081c-8hlm.
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This article addresses some of the problems of an empirical study of literature resulting from the fact that it cannot, qua empirical science, engage in the evaluation of literary texts and the moral issues those texts exemplify as well as the further fact (if it is a fact) that statements about textual meanings in the context of literary interpretations are not empirically true or false. Traditional interpretive literary criticism has always played a significant part in the reproduction and modification of culture. From this point of view, an empirical science of literature must appear severely limited. However, it can be argued that such an empirical study of literature can show that interpretation is necessarily a constructive process and therefore always, to a large extent, determined by (often ideological) background assumptions. An empirical study of literature would make interpretation one of its objects of study and explanation. Such investigations would further our understanding of processes of text comprehension in general, but it would also allow us to reconstruct the background assumptions guiding traditional interpretations.
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Mumović, Ana. "Reaffirmation of the methods and spirit of literary criticism: Contribution to the interpretation of The history of Serbian literature by Jovan Deretić." Bastina, no. 53 (2021): 55–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/bastina31-31036.
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The paper discusses five monographs by Jovan Deretić, which the author considers "accompanying books" of his History of Serbian Literature. These are: Marko Kraljević's riddle - about the nature of historicity in Serbian folk epics, The path of Serbian literature - identity, borders, aspirations, Poetics of Serbian literature, Serbian folk epics and Etudes from old Serbian literature. In this paper, we analyze them as a contribution to the interpretation of the History of Serbian Literature, the most comprehensive history of literature in Serbian science to the extent that they are important as proof of Deretić's great synthesis and consideration of the function of literary criticism in Serbian culture. An important definition of the "accompanying books" is provided by the author in their prefaces and notes. It is summarized in the theoretical and applied level in the process of considering important issues of Serbian literary history: periodization and classification of literature, poetic or historical determinants and the significance of particular epochs, writers, or genres. A review of the critical evaluation of Serbian literature and historical and cultural heritage in the accompanying books shows that Deretić pragmatized his scientific thought and reaffirmed literary criticism, directing it "for the benefit of the people". This means that he gave it a practical and social function and intended it "for a distant generation".
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Achmatowicz, Jerzy. "El salmo 59 como base de la interpretación apocalíptico-milenarista de la misión fundadora de los franciscanos en Nueva España." Estudios Hispánicos 24 (March 31, 2017): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-2546.24.1.
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Psalm 59 as the basis of apocalyptic-millenaries interpretation of in New Spain Franciscans the founder’s missionArticle treat about the criticism of sources. In this case it comes to appeal to the Spanish chroniclers Motolinii and Mendieta to Psalm 59. In Mendieta comes to special translate a fragment of the same psalm, which is one of the foundations of apocalyptic-millenaries interpretation of the Franciscan missions in Mexico in the first half of the sixteenth century.Using specific translating tools we show that the said base includes acceptance of confusion mentioned Psalm, which allows us to identify the specific validity of source criticism. It should be mentioned that the analysis of a fragment of Psalm 59, which in this context is the first to carry out the extensive literature on the subject, both when it comes to apocalyptic-millenaries perception of Franciscan spirituality among the missionaries operating in New Spain including Phelan, Baudot as well as the critics of such perception Lino Canedo, Andrés Martín, Zaballa Beascoechea.
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Mumovic, Ana M. "DAM ON THE GREAT RUSSIAN SEA (Contribution to the interpretation of the Review of the History of Serbian Literature by A. N. Pipin)." Folia linguistica et litteraria XII, no. 35 (2021): 117–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31902/fll.35.2021.6.
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The paper aims is to present and evaluate the Review the History of Serbian Literature A. N. Pipin's as a classical history of Serbian literature that became part of the national culture. The development of the history of literature among Serbs, as an independent discipline and its modest beginnings, can be found in the first decades of the 19th century, in the time of Dositej and Vuk. In its beginnings, the history of literature was a "story" about the literary past of a nation and at its core was - criticism. This main idea as an axiom is a signpost that leads from the history of literature, which has long performed the function of criticism, to the genesis of literary criticism as the youngest branch of literary science and the way it formulated and exercised its functions in conditions when literary history was in a certain measures and history of the people. The Serbs received the first History of Serbian Literature (1865) from the pen of Pavel Jozef Šafarik (1795–1861), a Protestant and German student who served in Novi Sad. The next history of Serbian literature was also written by a foreigner, the Russian Alexander Nikolaevich Pipina (1833–1904). His Review the History of Serbian Literature (1865) has not been fully translated into Serbian. When marking questions from the new Serbian literature, Pipin's approach leads to a synthesis of ideas about cultural and political and national development. Slavery replaced the idea of revival "among Orthodox Serbs who fled to Austria". From that perspective, he views the development of national literature as an important part of culture and identity. Pipin also deals with the issue of national identity and the awakening of the national consciousness of the Slavs in his extensive study "Panslavism in the Past and Present" (1878), in which "the Serbian national question is incorporated into the general critique of Russian official policy and Slavophile orientation in the Balkans during Eastern Europe crisis". In this paper, we value his competence, cultural mission, the gift of the comparator, without which there is no great literary historian, and his practical contribution to classifying Serbian literature and culture in the European context.
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Tally, Robert T. "Boundless Mystification." South Atlantic Quarterly 119, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 779–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00382876-8663687.
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In Marxist literary criticism—for example, as represented by Fredric Jame-son’s influential study, The Political Unconscious—the interpretation of texts has frequently involved ideology critique, by which the critic attempts to disclose both the ideological content or structural limitations of a given text while also being attuned to the text’s utopian or revolutionary potential. In recent decades, Marxist criticism in particular and what is taken to be the hermeneutics of suspicion more generally have come under attack by literary scholars who favor various forms of postcritique, including surface reading and thin description. This essay suggests that postcritique, and all that it involves, contributes to the radical dismantling of higher education caused by rampant neoliberalism. The vocation of ideology critique and of Marxist criticism is, this essay contends, the most appropriate response to a society so utterly mystified as our own.
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Hess, Scott. "The Romantic Work of Genius: Author, Nature, Nation, and the “Genial Criticism” of Samuel Taylor Coleridge." Modern Language Quarterly 80, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 287–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00267929-7569624.
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Abstract This essay explores how genius in the nineteenth century simultaneously constituted both individual and collective national identity, helping to produce new forms of liberal democratic nationalist culture. It offers a Latourian interpretation of genius in terms of the kind of social work and connections that the term enabled. Genius became associated in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries with author, nature, and nation in ways that grounded new models of literature and identity in the supposedly transcendental truth of nature and in specific landscapes as “sites of memory.” This discourse of genius played a keystone role in Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s aesthetic and social criticism, or “genial criticism,” which exerted a deep influence on Anglophone culture. The essay concludes by assessing the overall cultural politics of genius in relation to various categories of identity, especially gender, and by suggesting how the “romantic work of genius” continues to operate and hold power in our (post)modern societies today.
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Pfeijffer, Ilja Leonard. "Shifting Helen: An Interpretation of Sappho, Fragment 16 (Voigt)." Classical Quarterly 50, no. 1 (May 2000): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cq/50.1.1.
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Denys Page, discussing this poem in his classic Sappho and Alcaeus, seemed unimpressed by its aesthetic merits. In his note on line 7 he says: ‘The sequence of thought might have been clearer.... It seems then inelegant to begin this parable, the point of which is that Helen found O Krλλιστον in her lover, by stating that she herself surpassed all mortals in this very quality’ (p. 53). His interpretative essay phrases further objections. ‘In a phrase which rings dull in our doubtful ears, she proceeds to illustrate the truth of her preamble by calling Helen of Troy in evidence’ (p. 56). About the Helen exemplum itself he says: ‘the thought is simple as the style is artless’ and ‘the transition back to the principal subject was perhaps not very adroitly; managed’ (p. 56). Page's criticism centres on the function of the exemplum of Helen. A close reconsideration of this exemplum, with special attention to the way in which it is embedded in the preceding and following context, will result in a better understanding and appreciation of this poem.
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Qureshi, Jawad. "The Development of Early Sunnite Hadith Criticism." American Journal of Islam and Society 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 124–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v24i1.1577.
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Hadith is a uniquely Islamic discipline and of the utmost importance not onlyto Islamic thought, but also to Islamic culture and civilization. It is in this veinthat `Abdullah ibn al-Mubarak said that isnad (chain of transmission) is a partof the religion. While most studies on Hadith literature in western scholarshipfocus on the issue of authenticity, the hadith scholars’ method of determiningwhat is a basis for belief and practice, as well as that method’s historicaldevelopment, have been regretfully overlooked. The author’s The Developmentof Early Sunnite Hadith Criticism: The Taqdima of Ibn Abi Hatim al-Razi (240/854-327/938) proposes to fill in some of those gaps.Chapter 1, “Hadith in the Time of Ibn Abi Hatim,” provides the settingfor Ibn Abi Hatim’s career. The two main factions of Islamic thought in thethird Islamic century were the adherents of hadith (ahl al-hadith) and theirrivals (ahl al-ra’y). Dickinson introduces two approaches to hadith: thecommentator (ahl al-ra’y) and the critic (ahl al-hadith). The commentatoraccepted the canon as it was and treated it as though it were closed. Any contradictionswere dealt with through interpretation. The critic, however, manipulatedthe canon’s boundaries and removed any objectionable material(p. 7) by using the “objective criteria of hadith criticism” (p. 1) ...
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Gantenbein, Urs Leo. "The Virgin Mary and the Universal Reformation of Paracelsus." Daphnis 48, no. 1-2 (March 19, 2020): 4–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18796583-04801003.
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The first dated writings of Paracelsus are theological treatises on Mary, the Trinity, church criticism and scriptural interpretation. They were written in Salzburg in 1524/25. Paracelsus defended the purity and eternity of Mary and saw her as a goddess. The writing De genealogia Christi fulfilled the promise of metaphysical explanations. An anticlerical polemic written on the eve of the Peasants War meant a turn towards the Radical Reformation. Following the example of the church reformation, Paracelsus attempted in 1527 in Basel a reform of medieval medicine with experience in the first place.
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Salper, Roberta. "Women Authors of Modern Hispanic South America. A Bibliography of Literary Criticism and Interpretation de Sandra Messinger Cypess." Revista Iberoamericana 56, no. 151 (June 2, 1990): 666–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/reviberoamer.1990.4766.
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Levinson, Bernard M. "Textual Criticism, Assyriology, and the History of Interpretation: Deuteronomy 13:7a as a Test Case in Method." Journal of Biblical Literature 120, no. 2 (2001): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3268293.
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Huisman, Rosemary. "The discipline of English Literature from the perspective of SFL register." Language, Context and Text 1, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 102–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/langct.00005.hui.
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AbstractThe paper first traces the history and elaboration of the tertiary discipline English Literature through the 19th and 20th centuries to the present day, with special focus on the axiology, the values, given to the discipline and with a brief account of literary criticism and literary theory. It then refers to the work on registerial cartography in systemic functional linguistics (SFL) and explores the register of the contemporary discipline in first-order field of activity and second-order field of experience, with examples from the language of webpages and exam papers of Australian universities. It continues with a brief overview of the author’s own work using SFL in the study ofthe poeticandthe narrativein English poetry and prose fiction of different historical periods and concludes with a caveat on the central disciplinary process, that of interpretation.