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Journal articles on the topic 'Xiphoid Process'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

He, Chunni, and Jun Li. "Xiphoid Process Syndrome." Mayo Clinic Proceedings 96, no. 8 (2021): 2028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.03.019.

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2

Sabnis, Anjali, and Prakash Mane. "FORAMEN IN XIPHOID PROCESS OF STERNUM." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, no. 12 (2020): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i12.2019.317.

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Xiphoid process is smallest and distal component of manubrium sternum which is located in epigastrium. Variations in size and shape of xiphoid process are commonly observed. During teaching sternum to 1st M.B.B.S. students of MGM Medical College, Navi Mumbai, two small foramina in two different xiphoid processes were noticed. Though presence of foramen in xiphoid process is not uncommon, their presence should not be ignored. During assessment of injuries in autopsy, post-mortem examination and radiological reporting knowledge of xiphoid process and foramina in xiphoid process will be helpful.

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3

Dr, Anjali Sabnis, and Prakash Mane Dr. "FORAMEN IN XIPHOID PROCESS OF STERNUM." International Journal of Research - Granthaalayah 7, no. 12 (2019): 239–42. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3597670.

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Xiphoid process is smallest and distal component of manubrium sternum which is located in epigastrium. Variations in size and shape of xiphoid process are commonly observed. During teaching sternum to 1st M.B.B.S. students of MGM Medical College, Navi Mumbai, two small foramina in two different xiphoid processes were noticed. Though presence of foramen in xiphoid process is not uncommon, their presence should not be ignored. During assessment of injuries in autopsy, post-mortem examination and radiological reporting knowledge of xiphoid process and foramina in xiphoid process will be helpful.

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4

Ivlev, V. V. "Hernia of the xiphoid process." Grekov's Bulletin of Surgery 182, no. 4 (2023): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24884/0042-4625-2023-182-4-67-70.

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Hernia of the xiphoid process refers to rare variants of hernial protrusion. For the period from 1914 to the present, only 11 cases have been described in the official Russian-language literature. Hernial gates are either a defect of a rounded shape directly in the xiphoid process, or splitting of the xiphoid process by the type of «horns». The contents are most often preperitoneal lipoma, and 2 cases have also been described when the contents were a strand of the large omentum and a fatty appendage of the transverse colon. The risk of infringement with such hernias is minimal. Operational tac

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K, Manu Krishnan, Uma B. Gopal, and Jeevankumar giri. "Bifid Xiphoid Process- A Case Report." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-2 (2019): 444–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd21397.

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6

Alagha, H., and F. Heyes. "Avulsion fracture of xiphoid process." Injury Extra 36, no. 7 (2005): 295–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2004.11.036.

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7

Ono, Ryosuke, and Ken Horibata. "Xiphodynia with limited decrease in the xiphoid process-sternal angle but recognised compression of the rectus abdominis." BMJ Case Reports 17, no. 2 (2024): e259176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2023-259176.

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A woman in her 70s presented with epigastric pain accompanied by radiating pain. Despite various examinations showing no abnormalities, tenderness was identified on palpation of the xiphoid process. The symptoms were alleviated with a local injection of lidocaine, leading to a diagnosis of xiphodynia. While previous cases have often reported a decrease in the xiphoid process-sternal angle, this case exhibited minimal reduction in the xiphoid process-sternal angle. Conversely, compression findings were observed in the soft tissues, including the rectus abdominis, anterior to the xiphoid process

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8

Min, Soon Ki, Sebeom Jeon, Jungnam Lee, Kang Kook Choi, and Hyuk Jun Yang. "A Xiphoid Elongation Following a Trauma Laparotomy: A Case Report." Journal of Acute Care Surgery 13, no. 2 (2023): 78–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17479/jacs.2023.13.2.78.

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Xiphoid elongation is a rare phenomenon where the xiphoid process elongates after stimuli such as surgery, physical therapy, or trauma. We report on a 47-year-old male involved in a traffic accident who went into cardiac arrest. He received ongoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation for nine minutes before recovery of cardiac rhythm, and transfer from a local hospital to the trauma center. He received management for hypotensive shock which was temporarily corrected using Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta, and underwent trauma laparotomy in which ileocolic artery ligation and

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9

Ono, Ryosuke, and Ken Horibata. "A case-control study evaluating CT signs of xiphoid process associated with xiphodynia." PLOS One 20, no. 5 (2025): e0303657. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0303657.

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This study assessed whether CT signs of the xiphoid process, such as the xiphisternal angle and soft tissue compression, are useful for diagnosing xiphodynia. Conducted as a case-control study within a cohort, it involved 1560 participants who visited a small urban hospital in Japan for chest or abdominal pain between January 2021 and September 2023. From this group, patients who underwent CT scans that included the xiphoid process were selected. The study group consisted of nine individuals diagnosed with xiphodynia, while the control group included 321 individuals diagnosed with other causes

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10

Manu, Krishnan. K., and B. Gopal Uma. "Bifid Xiphoid Process A Case Report." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 3, no. 2 (2019): 444–45. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd21397.

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The sternum is a flat bone forming the anterior median part of the thoracic skeleton. Xiphoid process is the smallest part of the sternum. It is at first cartilaginous, but in adult it becomes ossified near its upper end. It varies greatly in its morphology and lies in the floor of epigastric fossa. A bifid xiphoid process was observed during routine cadaveric dissection of the pectoral region, which was seen as an everted bulging mass in the epigastric pit between the two costal margins. There is a need for awareness of these findings as they may determine the accuracy of clinical and other p

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11

Lachkar, Stefan, Joe Iwanaga, and R. Shane Tubbs. "An elongated dorsally curved xiphoid process." Anatomy & Cell Biology 52, no. 1 (2019): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5115/acb.2019.52.1.102.

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12

Aragão, José Aderval, João Gabriel Santana Trindade, Filho Airton Lima Batalha, et al. "Morphology of the bifid xiphoid process or foramen: is there a difference in cadaver or imaging?" Núcleo do Conhecimento 03, no. 06 (2023): 35–46. https://doi.org/10.32749/nucleodoconhecimento.com.br/health/morphology-of-the-bifid.

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Context: Anatomical variations of the sternum are frequent, in particular, the occurrence of foramina and divisions of the xiphoid process. The authors have used means of investigation ranging from dissection to imaging tests to detect these variations. Objective: To report a case of bifid xiphoid process in a male human fetus and/or xiphoid foramen through macroscopic analysis, complemented by the use of X-ray image. Case report: Anatomical variations were found at the level of the xiphoid appendix of the sternum such as a bifid formation of the appendix and a foramen found on X-ray imaging,

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13

Kathem, Noor, Noor Abbas Hummadi Fayadh, Ahmed Al-Ali, and Hussein Al-Siraj. "Gender Differences in Anatomic Variations of the Sternum Assessed by Multidetector CT Scan." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, B (2022): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.8103.

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Several anatomic variants can be recognized during imaging of the chest, some can be confused with pathology or have adverse consequences when attempting certain surgical procedures through the sternum. Aim: To assess sternal anatomic variations in adults and to evaluate gender differences in the frequency of these variants. Methods: Patient referred for chest CT scan were enrolled in the study. Analysis of the images was performed after post processing. Selected anatomic variations of the sternum were recorded. Analysis of the gender differences in the frequency of these variants was done. Re

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Abdulla, Mazin Abdulsattar, and Saja Mahmood Ali Fahad. "Anthropometric Determinations of Umbilical Position in Iraqi Adults." Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery 53, no. 03 (2020): 394–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1721869.

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Abstract Introduction Umbilicus is an important surface landmark on the anterior abdominal wall in addition to its aesthetic and psychological effect. Objectives The objective of the study is to determine the position of umbilicus in Iraqi adults to provide a guide for the neoumbilicus in abdominoplasty. Subjects and Methods This is an observational study performed on 100 volunteers with no abdominal wall abnormality. Measurements included weight, height, body mass index (BMI), distance from xiphoid to umbilicus, distance from xiphoid process to pubic symphysis, distance from xiphoid process t

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15

Gabrielsen, Anders, Jørgen Warberg, Niels Juel Christensen, et al. "Arterial pulse pressure and vasopressin release during graded water immersion in humans." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 278, no. 6 (2000): R1583—R1588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.2000.278.6.r1583.

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Previous results indicate that arterial pulse pressure modulates release of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in humans. The hypothesis was therefore tested that an increase in arterial pulse pressure is the stimulus for suppression of AVP release during central blood volume expansion by water immersion. A two-step immersion model ( n = 8) to the xiphoid process and neck, respectively, was used to attain two different levels of augmented cardiac distension. Left atrial diameter (echocardiography) increased from 28 ± 1 to 34 ± 1 mm ( P < 0.05) during immersion to the xiphoid process and more so ( P

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16

Kawamura, Iwanari, Seiji Fukamizu, and Rintaro Hojo. "Elongated xiphoid process misleading the pericardiocentesis site." EP Europace 22, no. 4 (2019): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/europace/euz279.

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17

Hogerzeil, Dirk Pieter, Klaas Albert Hartholt, and Mark Rem de Vries. "Xiphoidectomy: A Surgical Intervention for an Underdocumented Disorder." Case Reports in Surgery 2016 (2016): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9306262.

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Two patients who presented with nonspecific thoracic and upper abdominal symptoms and tenderness of the xiphoid process are discussed. Both patients had undergone extensive examinations, but no source for their symptoms could be found. Plain chest radiographs revealed an anterior displacement of the xiphoid process in both patients. Physical examination confirmed this to be the primary source of discomfort. Anterior displacement of the xiphoid process may be the result of significant weight gain. Repeated trauma of the afflicted area, unaccustomed heavy lifting, exercise, and perichondritis ar

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18

Lema, Alemayehu Shiferaw. "Anatomical variations of the sternum: sternal foramen and variant xiphoid morphology in dried adult human sternum in Ethiopia." F1000Research 12 (August 7, 2023): 934. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.133151.1.

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Background: The sternum exhibits unique anatomical variations with major clinical and forensic implications. This study is devoted to providing baseline epidemiological information about the sternal foramen and variant xiphoid morphology in Ethiopia. Two extremely interesting and unusual variations of the sternal foramen are also discussed. Methods: This observational study was carried out using dried adult human sternum obtained from skeletal remains samples brought for medicolegal examination over a period of 4 years. A total of 94 dried adult human sternums (66 males (70.2%) and 28 females

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19

Park, Kil Sun, Sung Jin Kim, and Seung Young Lee. "Anterior Diaphragm Below the Xiphoid Process: CT Finding." Journal of the Korean Radiological Society 53, no. 5 (2005): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3348/jkrs.2005.53.5.337.

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20

Lala, Gul e., Sajid Malik, Mian Umar Javed, Kamran Zaib Khan, and Muhammad Tauqeer Aslam. "Gall Bladder Retrieval through Umbilical versus Epigastric Port in Conventional Four Ports Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy." Professional Medical Journal 28, no. 10 (2021): 1407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2021.28.10.4736.

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Introduction: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become the gold standard treatment for symptomatic gall stone disease all over the world. In laparoscopic cholecystectomy gall bladder is traditionally removed through umbilical port. In this approach surgeon has to change his position and telescope has to be changed in xiphoid port. Another approach to remove the gallbladder is through 10mm xiphoid port without changing position of telescope and surgeon. Both approaches are compared for their pros and cons regarding post-operative pain at site of removal. Study Design: Randomized control study. S

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21

Sano, Atsushi, and Masato Inui. "Xiphoidectomy for xiphoid process-induced pain in a surfer." Asian Cardiovascular and Thoracic Annals 23, no. 9 (2015): 1116–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0218492315589198.

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22

Chakravarthi, Kosuri Kalyan, Siddaraju K. S., Nelluri Venumadhav, and Sangeeta Atamaram Bali. "Anatomical and congenital variations of human dry sternum bone: its embryogenesis and clinical implications." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 6, no. 1 (2017): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20175738.

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Background: The sternum is one of the skeleton parts with frequently detected variation in cross-sectional images or autopsy series. The anatomical or congenital variations of the sternum in the anterior chest wall may involve malignancies, injuries or severe traumas. The aim of the study was undertaken to evaluate the incidence of anatomical and congenital variations of human dry sternum bones.Methods: This study was carried out on 120 dry human sternum bones irrespective of age and sex at Varun Arjun medical college- Banthra, UP, KMCT Medical College, Manassery-Calicut and Melaka Manipal Med

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23

Murin, Peyton J., Aniketh Naidu, and Geoffrey Panjeton. "Intercostal Nerve Radiofrequency Ablation in the Treatment of Refractory Xiphodynia: A Case Report." A&A Practice 19, no. 5 (2025): e01978. https://doi.org/10.1213/xaa.0000000000001978.

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Xiphodynia is a debilitating, painful condition characterized by tenderness of the xiphoid process. Initial therapy consists of conservative management and oral medications; however, this is often ineffective. A 68-year-old man presented to the Chronic Pain Clinic with 9/10 pain at the xiphoid process refractory to conservative management. After diagnostic blocks, a bilateral thoracic level 7 and 8 intercostal nerve radiofrequency ablation was performed using a combined fluoroscopy and ultrasound approach. The patient reported greater than 80% pain relief sustained at 2 weeks and 6 months. In

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24

Galassi, Francesco Maria, Elena Varotto, Giuseppe Carotenuto, and Luca Sineo. "Anatomical and radiological notes on the sternum of Sicily’s earliest known woman (San Teodoro Cave, Messina, Palaeolithic Period, 14,500 BP)." Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology 128, no. 2 (2024): 37–40. https://doi.org/10.36253/ijae-15467.

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In this brief anatomical and palaeopathological communication the authors detail the characteristics and alterations noted on the sternal body and xiphoid process of ST1, Sicily’s earliest known female skeleton, dated to the Palaeolithic Period (14,500 years BP). A morphological and radiological analysis is offered both in terms of the relation between age and manifestation of the xiphisternal fusion, with a focus on ancient traumatology involving the soft tissues near the sternum to explain calcification of xiphoid and, more likely, the local presence of an exostosis.

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25

Enomoto, Naofumi, Keiichiro Tayama, Michitaka Kohno, Hiroyuki Otsuka, Shogo Yokose, and Ken-ichi Kosuga. "Postoperative Elongation of the Xiphoid Process —Report of a Case—." Annals of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 17, no. 3 (2011): 307–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5761/atcs.cr.10.01570.

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26

Tarasevich, V. N., and S. A. Saivanova. "Anatomical features of the breast bone of the Baikal nerpa." International Journal of Veterinary Medicine, no. 4 (February 1, 2023): 288–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2022.4.288.

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The breast bone forms the lower limits of the chest, where, under the influence of inspiratory muscles, it moves down, and expiratory muscles - up. During land travel, kinetic energy is absorbed through the breast bone. In the available literature, there are descriptions of the breast bone in some mammals, however, in the Baikal seal, the data require additional clarification. The material was sternum from Baikal seals aged from 6 months to 11 years (n=7). In the course of the study, the specific features of the morphology of the sternum of the Baikal seal in the age aspect were established. I

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Lee, Seung Soo. "Post-laparotomy heterotopic ossification of the xiphoid process: A case report." World Journal of Clinical Cases 11, no. 36 (2023): 8568–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v11.i36.8568.

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BACKGROUND Heterotopic ossification (HO) represents all types of extraskeletal ossification in the body. It occurs in various areas, including the skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscle, and joints. Surgical excision is recommended for symptomatic HO. Postoperative radiotherapy, oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and topical sealants, such as bone wax, have been recommended as preventive measures. As HO is rare in occurrence, these recommendations are based on personal experiences, and there is a lack of information on individualized treatments depending on its location. CASE SUMMARY A 62-y

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Grauhan, Onnen, Natalja Solowjowa, Rudolf Meyer, and Roland Hetzer. "Postoperative exostosis of the xiphoid process: a contraindication for precordial thump." European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery 36, no. 3 (2009): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcts.2009.05.005.

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29

Furuta, Kazuhiko, Yoshiyuki Tohno, Setsuko Tohno, et al. "Compositional Changes of the Xiphoid Process and Costal Cartilage with Aging." Biological Trace Element Research 95, no. 2 (2003): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/bter:95:2:123.

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30

Yakshe, Paul N., and Michael B. Stiegler. "INFARCTION OF THE XIPHOID PROCESS PRESENTING AS BURNING EPIGASTRIC CHEST PAIN." American Journal of Gastroenterology 99 (October 2004): S156. http://dx.doi.org/10.14309/00000434-200410001-00477.

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31

Rebouças, Fabíola Pereira, Evandro Fornias Sperandio, Anderson Salles Alexandre, Liu Chiao Yi, Alberto Ofenhejm Gotfryd, and Milena Carlos Vidotto. "The use of photogrammetry to evaluate chest wall after arthrodesis in patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis." Fisioterapia em Movimento 30, suppl 1 (2017): 307–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-5918.030.s01.ao30.

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Abstract Introduction: Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) is a three-dimensional spine deformity that creates changes in the rib cage biomechanics. Objective: Evaluate changes on the chest wall, quality of life and lung function on the preoperative and postoperative of arthrodesis in patients with AIS. Methods: Eighteen AIS patients with surgical indication for arthrodesis of both sexes aged between 11 and 18 years were evaluated. The evaluation of the chest was taken by using photogrammetry Postural Assessment Software (PAS). Thoracic markers were created using angles (A) and distances (D)

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32

Kaur, Dalbir, Monica Jain, and Lovesh Shukla. "A RARE CASE WITH ABSENT SECOND RIB, BIFID COSTAL CARTILAGES AND BIFID XIPHOID PROCESS." International Journal of Anatomy and Research 3, no. 3 (2015): 1392–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2015.243.

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33

Valchev, Daniel, and Danail Petrov. "Surgical Approach for Pericardial Fenestration Name Change Proposal from Subxiphoid to Substernal." Proceedings of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 75, no. 2 (2022): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2022.02.13.

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Various surgical approaches for pericardial fenestration are described in the medical literature and are used in practice. Each of them has its advantages and disadvantages depending on the cause suggesting the need of pericardial fenestration. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate whether the substernal approach after resection of the xiphoid process is a safe and effective approach to the surgical treatment of pericardial tamponade. From 2000 to 2017 in the Clinic of Thoracic Surgery at the University Hospital “Prof. Dr. St. Kirkovich” – Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria, and i

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34

Nam, Seungwoo, Wheemoon Cho, Hyunji Cho, Jungsun Lee, EunAh Lee, and Youngsook Son. "Xiphoid Process-Derived Chondrocytes: A Novel Cell Source for Elastic Cartilage Regeneration." STEM CELLS Translational Medicine 3, no. 11 (2014): 1381–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5966/sctm.2014-0070.

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35

Akin, Kayihan, Dilek Kosehan, Adem Topcu, and Asli Koktener. "Anatomic evaluation of the xiphoid process with 64-row multidetector computed tomography." Skeletal Radiology 40, no. 4 (2010): 447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00256-010-1022-1.

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36

Bouelhaz, A., A. Diani, M. R. Bouroumane, M. Benzalim, and S. Alj. "Xiphodynia and Xiphoid Process Prominence: Role of Xiphosternal Angle Measurement – A Case Report." Scholars Journal of Medical Case Reports 13, no. 07 (2025): 1625–27. https://doi.org/10.36347/sjmcr.2025.v13i07.025.

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Xiphodynia is an uncommon musculoskeletal disorder that can mimic various abdominal and thoracic conditions. It is often underdiagnosed due to its non-specific clinical presentation. We report a case of a patient presenting with localized pain and discomfort caused by a prominent xiphoid process, visible under the skin. The xiphosternal angle was measured at 150°. The pain was exacerbated by palpation and certain movements, leading to significant discomfort. This case highlights the importance of recognizing xiphodynia as a potential cause of anterior chest wall pain and considering the xiphos

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37

Negi, Takahiro, Takashi Suda, Sachiko Tochii, and Yasushi Hoshikawa. "Subxiphoid uniportal bilateral lung wedge resection." European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery 58, Supplement_1 (2020): i100—i102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezaa169.

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Abstract Subxiphoid uniportal bilateral lung wedge resection, in which all manipulations are performed via a 3-cm wound positioned below the xiphoid process, can be performed in the supine position without the patient having to change positions. It also enables one-stage bilateral lung resection. We report the surgical procedure and initial results of subxiphoid uniportal bilateral lung wedge resection. A 3-cm transverse incision was made 1 cm caudally below the xiphoid process. A port for uniportal surgery was inserted. After CO2 insufflation at 8 mmHg, the lung was grasped and lifted with be

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38

Nkrumah, Kofi Nyaako, and Richard Bailey Johnson. "A Case of an Abnormally Long Xiphoid Process Presenting as an Epigastric Mass." Annals of Saudi Medicine 15, no. 3 (1995): 294–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.1995.294.

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39

Zhu, Xingfeng, Kuanzhe Jin, Xiaobo Wu, and Guiping Yu. "Clinical Application of Thoracoscopic Resection of Anterior Mediastinal Tumors under the Xiphoid Process." BioMed Research International 2022 (August 23, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2012457.

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Objective. To explore the feasibility and advantages of thoracoscopic resection of anterior mediastinal tumors through subxiphoid and lateral thoracic approaches. Method. 74 patients with anterior mediastinal tumors hospitalized in our hospital from January 2019 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into the lateral chest group (31 cases) and the infraxiphoid group (43 cases) according to different operation methods. The tumor size, operation time, intraoperative bleeding, postoperative pain score, postoperative complications, postoperative drainage tube removal time

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40

Alexandre, Anderson Sales, Evandro Fornias Sperandio, Liu Chiao Yi, et al. "PHOTOGRAMMETRY: A PROPOSAL OF OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT OF CHEST WALL IN ADOLESCENT IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS." Revista Paulista de Pediatria 37, no. 2 (2019): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1984-0462/;2019;37;2;00001.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the chest wall shape in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) in comparison to healthy subjects and the association between the chest wall shape with the spine deformity and lung function in patients with AIS. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 30 AIS patients and 20 healthy subjects aged 11-18 years old. The Cobb angle evaluation was performed in AIS patients. The chest wall shape was assessed by the photogrammetry method, using the Postural Assessment Software (PAS). We created thoracic markers shaped as angles (A) and distances (D), as

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41

Gabrielsen, A., L. B. Johansen, and P. Norsk. "Central cardiovascular pressures during graded water immersion in humans." Journal of Applied Physiology 75, no. 2 (1993): 581–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.75.2.581.

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Thermoneutral (34.9 degrees C) water immersion (WI) was conducted with 12 upright seated normal males at four consecutive water levels (5–10 min each): knee (reference), xiphoid process, fourth intercostal space, and sternoclavicular notch. Thereafter, water was let out of the tank and the experiment was repeated from the neck to the knees at the same levels. Arterial pulse pressure (PP), central venous pressure (CVP), and transmural CVP (TCVP = CVP - esophageal pressure; n = 4) gradually increased with increasing water levels (P < 0.05). Heart rate (HR) decreased at WI to the xiphoid proce

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Doi, Rafiah, and Sweety Shah. "The Immediate Effect of Chest Mobilization Technique on Chest Expansion in Patients of COPD." International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research 9, no. 3 (2024): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijshr.20240309.

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Introduction: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is characterized by chronic airflow obstruction. Patients with COPD often experience reductions in lung volumes and vital capacity due to chronic respiratory muscle weakness. Additionally, they may exhibit decreased lung distensibility, leading to restrictions in lung volume. The passive recoil of the thoracic cage is influenced by gross muscle weakness, altering the neutral position at which lung and cage recoil pressures are balanced. Mobilizing rib cage joints is a specific therapeutic goal, as it aims to improve reduced rib cage mo

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International, BioMed Research. "Retracted: Clinical Application of Thoracoscopic Resection of Anterior Mediastinal Tumors under the Xiphoid Process." BioMed Research International 2023 (December 29, 2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/9803689.

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Xie, Yuan-Zhong, Bao-Jian Wang, Jae Sung Yun, et al. "Morphology of the human xiphoid process: dissection and radiography of cadavers and MDCT of patients." Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy 36, no. 3 (2013): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00276-013-1163-8.

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Fokeev, Sergey D., Stanislav Yu Kapitulin, and Alexander F. Lazarev. "Combined surgical treatment of a pinched, unrecoverable, ventral hernia of the anterior abdominal wall and retroperitoneal tumor: a case from the practice of a district surgeon." Russian Journal of Oncology 26, no. 6 (2022): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/onco111797.

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The study presents the results of the combined surgical treatment of a pinched, unrecoverable ventral hernia of the anterior abdominal cavity, resection of a non-viable pinched loop of the small intestine, and side-to-side anastomosis and removal of a large retroperitoneal tumor. The latter required an incision of the anterior abdominal wall along the white line of the abdomen, from the xiphoid process of the sternum, to the upper border of the pubis, with subsequent plastic surgery of the hernial gate with local tissues.

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Gonzaga Gonza Kirum, John Kukiriza, and Gerald Tumusiime. "A Morphometric Study of Adult Human Sterna from the Galloway Osteological Collection." Academia Anatomica International 6, no. 2 (2020): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/aanat.2020.6.2.9.

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Background: Morphometric knowledge of the sternum is of great significance in cardiac surgery as variations in sternal dimensions have been considered a risk factor for translocation of suture material during median sternotomy, leading to poor outcomes. Fatalities attributed to subnor- mal sternal thickness have also been reported during sternal biopsies. Fractures of the sternum secondary to chest injury or cardio-pulmonary resuscitation may also be influenced by sternal thickness. Elongated xiphoid process can be mistaken for an epigastric mass which can be painful on palpation. Morphometric

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van Boekel, Anniek, Guido Stollenwerck, Ewan D. Ritchie, and Sanne Vogels. "Xiphodynia as an Unusual Cause of Chest Pain: A Case Series." Surgery Journal 09, no. 01 (2023): e39-e43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1761270.

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Abstract Introduction Treatment options for xiphodynia are injections with local corticosteroid injections or surgical resection of the xiphoid process. Currently, there is no consensus as to which treatment is the most optimal. Objectives The aim of this case series was to compare the safety and efficacy of conservative and surgical treatment for patients with xiphodynia. Patients and Methods A retrospective case series was performed. All patients presenting with xiphodynia between 2016 and 2021 were eligible. Demographic data and treatment regimes, including preoperative work-up and surgical

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Karaman, Adem, ímer Araz, and Ahmet Koru. "Metastases of Alveolar Echinococcosis to the Skin, Pleura, Ribs, and the Xiphoid Process: A Case Report." Archivos de Bronconeumología (English Edition) 57, no. 3 (2021): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arbr.2020.02.010.

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Levitskyi, A. F., V. M. Pylypko, M. Yu Karpinsky, and O. V. Yaresko. "Study of the corrective effect of different fixators on pectus excavatum during Nuss procedure." TRAUMA 24, no. 3 (2023): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/1608-1706.3.24.2023.954.

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Background. A funnel chest is one of the most common chest deformities, which leads not only to cosmetic problems in adolescents, but also to cardiopulmonary complications. The main method of surgical correction is the Nuss procedure. The issues of the interaction between the fixator and the sternocostal joint depending on the choice of the plate length and the location of the tunnel for the fixator inside the chest to exit it on the opposite side remain undefined. Goal: to study the maximum relative deformities and displacements that occur in the chest model depending on the correction for pe

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Komai, Hiroyoshi, Yasuaki Naito, Keiichi Fujiwara, et al. "Lower mid-line skin incision and minimal sternotomy—a more cosmetic challenge for pediatric cardiac surgery." Cardiology in the Young 6, no. 1 (1996): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951100003292.

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AbstractWe performed ten operations in children using a lower mid-line incision and limited minimal sternotomy. The skin incision is made from the level of nipples to the lower end of the xiphoid process, and only the body of the sternum is cut vertically. There was neither operative mortality nor complications. The upper limit of the scar was, at the most, 1 cm beyond the level of the nipples, and was difficult to observe in typical open-necked shirts. We believe our method is suitable in fulfilling the cosmetic needs for eligible children.

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