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1
Ondruš, Ján, Pavol Kohút, Rastislav Jurina, and Klaus Dieter Brösdorf. "How do Today's Modern Passenger Cars Brake?" LOGI - Scientific Journal on Transport and Logistics 9, no. 1 (May 1, 2018): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/logi-2018-0010.
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AbstractThe article deals with issues of vehicle braking from different points of view. We made repeated braking tests of modern vehicles during intensive braking on various asphalt surfaces with the goal to evaluate character of this random variable. We dedicated our attention also to the accuracy attainable using various measuring methods and equipment. Within measurement of braking deceleration we used low-end measuring device (mobile smartphone) and measuring devices most used in Slovakia (XL Meter™ Pro Gamma). The collected data were processed in the software XL Vision and evaluated by SW PC-Crash 10.9. Usable result from article is mainly measurement set of braking deceleration of current modern vehicles during intensive braking on various asphalt surfaces as well as evaluation of accuracy levels with respect to various used devices.
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Janoško, Ivan, Tomáš Polonec, and Jozef Chrastina. "Comparison of Summer and Winter Tyres on a Dry and Snowy Surface." Acta Technologica Agriculturae 16, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ata-2013-0002.
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Abstract The paper describes the comparison of braking properties of summer and winter tyres on a vehicle Škoda Octavia II, 2.0 TDI (103 kW), with summer tyres Michelin Pilot Primacy 225/45 R17 91W and winter tyres Dunlop SP Winter Sport 3D 195/65 R15 91T. Testing was done in summer on a dry asphalt road and in winter on a snowy asphalt road with compacted snow without gritting. A device for the measuring of deceleration was XL Meter Pro Alpha.
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Girouard, J., J. C. Forest, J. Masse, M. Leroux, N. C. Bradburn, T. C. Noblet, J. O. Joynes, and J. Baum. "Multicenter evaluation of the Glucometer Elite XL meter, an instrument specifically designed for use with neonates." Diabetes Care 23, no. 8 (August 1, 2000): 1149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.23.8.1149.
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Lo, C. F., M. L. Tsai, K. W. Chiang, C. H. Chu, G. J. Tsai, C. K. Cheng, N. El-Sheimy, and H. Ayman. "THE DIRECT GEOREFERENCING APPLICATION AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF UAV HELICOPTER IN GCP-FREE AREA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-1/W4 (August 26, 2015): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-1-w4-151-2015.
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There are many disasters happened because the weather changes extremely in these years. To facilitate applications such as environment detection or monitoring becomes very important. Therefore, the development of rapid low cost systems for collecting near real-time spatial information is very critical. Rapid spatial information collection has become an emerging trend for remote sensing and mapping applications. This study develops a Direct Georeferencing (DG) based Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) helicopter photogrammetric platform where an Inertial Navigation System (INS)/Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) integrated Positioning and Orientation System (POS) system is implemented to provide the DG capability of the platform. The performance verification indicates that the proposed platform can capture aerial images successfully. A flight test is performed to verify the positioning accuracy in DG mode without using Ground Control Points (GCP). The preliminary results illustrate that horizontal DG positioning accuracies in the x and y axes are around 5 meter with 100 meter flight height. The positioning accuracy in the z axis is less than 10 meter. Such accuracy is good for near real-time disaster relief. The DG ready function of proposed platform guarantees mapping and positioning capability even in GCP free environments, which is very important for rapid urgent response for disaster relief. Generally speaking, the data processing time for the DG module, including POS solution generalization, interpolation, Exterior Orientation Parameters (EOP) generation, and feature point measurements, is less than 1 hour.
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Mahaputra, I. Gusti Agung Made Yoga, I. G. A. Putu Raka Agung, and Lie Jasa. "Rancang Bangun Sistem Keamanan Sepeda Motor Dengan GPS Tracker Berbasis Mikrokontroler dan Aplikasi Android." Majalah Ilmiah Teknologi Elektro 18, no. 3 (December 25, 2019): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/mite.2019.v18i03.p09.
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Intisari—Sepeda motor adalah salah satu jenis transportasi yang paling banyak digunakan di indonesia. Kekurangan sepeda motor saat ini terletak pada keamanannya. Sistem keamanan sepeda motor dengan GPS Tracker berbasis Mikrokontroler dan Aplikasi Android berfungsi untuk memonitoring dan mengontrol sepeda motor melalui aplikasi Android. Pengujian sistem keamanan dilakukan dengan tiga tes utama. Pengujian alat pengaman sepeda motor dilakukan dengan menguji setiap modul alat. Pengujian aplikasi Android dilakukan dengan menjalankan fungsi monitoring dan kontrol. Pengujian komunikasi dilakukan dengan mengirim perintah dari smartphone ke alat. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian yang telah dilakukan, sistem dapat menjalankan semua perintah. Alat keselamatan sepeda motor dapat berkomunikasi dengan aplikasi android dan dapat mendeteksi koordinat. Operator Simcard memengaruhi waktu pairing pada modul GSM di mana Telkomsel memiliki kecepatan pemasangan 6 detik, M3 memiliki kecepatan 31 detik dan XL memiliki kecepatan 310 detik. Terdapat selisih nilai pembacaan antara Jarak perpindahan sepeda motor sebenarnya dengan jarak perpindahaan sepeda motor pada alat mencapai 4 meter sehingga toleransi keakuratan dari alat adalah kurang lebih 4 meter.
Kata Kunci— GPS NEOM8N, Sepeda Motor, SIM900A, Sistem Keamanan.
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Xiao, Z., B. Yang, and H. Zhang. "Positioning Accuracy Analysis and Application for Worldview-1 Stereo Imagery." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-4 (April 23, 2014): 311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-4-311-2014.
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This article introduced the progress of processing the WorldView-1 satellite image by using the air triangulation method．And different adjustment models were used to improve the vendor provided RPC (Rational Polynomial Coefficients) accuracy. WorldVfew-1 images in Beijing are used to test the correction accuracy of these adjustment models．Results show that the systematic errors of RPC model can be eliminated using a small amount of control points. The planar RMSE can reach 1.6 pixels (0.9 meter)．
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d'Angelo, P., G. Kuschk, and P. Reinartz. "Evaluation of Skybox Video and Still Image products." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-1 (November 7, 2014): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-1-95-2014.
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The SkySat-1 satellite lauched by Skybox Imaging on November 21 in 2013 opens a new chapter in civilian earth observation as it is the first civilian satellite to image a target in high definition panchromatic video for up to 90 seconds. The small satellite with a mass of 100 kg carries a telescope with 3 frame sensors. Two products are available: Panchromatic video with a resolution of around 1 meter and a frame size of 2560 × 1080 pixels at 30 frames per second. Additionally, the satellite can collect still imagery with a swath of 8 km in the panchromatic band, and multispectral images with 4 bands. Using super-resolution techniques, sub-meter accuracy is reached for the still imagery. The paper provides an overview of the satellite design and imaging products. The still imagery product consists of 3 stripes of frame images with a footprint of approximately 2.6 × 1.1 km. Using bundle block adjustment, the frames are registered, and their accuracy is evaluated. Image quality of the panchromatic, multispectral and pansharpened products are evaluated. The video product used in this evaluation consists of a 60 second gazing acquisition of Las Vegas. A DSM is generated by dense stereo matching. Multiple techniques such as pairwise matching or multi image matching are used and compared. As no ground truth height reference model is availble to the authors, comparisons on flat surface and compare differently matched DSMs are performed. Additionally, visual inspection of DSM and DSM profiles show a detailed reconstruction of small features and large skyscrapers.
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Thiel, B. L., D. J. Stokes, and D. Phifer. "Secondary Electron Yield Curve for Liquid Water." Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (August 1999): 282–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600014732.
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We have measured the secondary electron yield curve for liquid water using an Environmental SEM. The secondary electron emission coefficient, measured as a function of incident electron energy, is important for interpreting contrast in hydrated biological and inorganic specimens. This information is even more critical for water than other materials, as it is a factor of prime importance in understanding radiation damage in biological tissues.[1]These measurements were taken using a Philips XL-30 field emission ,ESEM, and repeated on an Electroscan E3 ESEM, equipped with a CeB6 filament. A specially designed Faraday cup was fashioned from brass and fitted with a removable graphite cup having an inset for a platinum aperture. This assembly was placed into an electrically floating Peltier cooling stage, and connected to a KE Instruments probe current meter.
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Aden, S. T., J. P. Bialas, Z. Champion, E. Levin, and J. L. McCarty. "Low cost infrared and near infrared sensors for UAVs." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-1 (November 7, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-1-1-2014.
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Thermal remote sensing has a wide range of applications, though the extent of its use is inhibited by cost. Robotic and computer components are now widely available to consumers on a scale that makes thermal data a readily accessible resource. In this project, thermal imagery collected via a lightweight remote sensing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) was used to create a surface temperature map for the purpose of providing wildland firefighting crews with a cost-effective and time-saving resource. The UAV system proved to be flexible, allowing for customized sensor packages to be designed that could include visible or infrared cameras, GPS, temperature sensors, and rangefinders, in addition to many data management options. Altogether, such a UAV system could be used to rapidly collect thermal and aerial data, with a geographic accuracy of less than one meter.
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Trisakti, B., A. Sutanto, H. Noviar, and Kustiyo. "Utilization of Pisar L-2 Data for Land Cover Classification in Forest Area Using Pixel-Based and Object-Based Methods." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-7/W3 (April 29, 2015): 525–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-7-w3-525-2015.
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Polarimetric and Interferometric Airborne SAR in L-band 2 (PiSAR-L2) program is an experimental program of PALSAR-2 sensor in ALOS-2 satellite. Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN) have a research collaboration to explore the utilization of PiSAR-L2 data for forestry, agriculture, and disaster applications in Indonesia. The research explored the utilization of PiSAR-L2 data for land cover classification in forest area using the pixel-based and object-based methods. The PiSAR-L2 data in the 2.1 level with full polarization bands were selected over part of forest area in Riau Province. Field data collected by JAXA team was used for both training samples and verification data. Preprocessing data was carried out by backscatter (Sigma naught) conversion and Lee filtering. Beside full polarization images (HH, HV, VV), texture imagess (HH deviation, HV deviation, and VV deviation) were also added as the input bands for the classification processes. These processes were conducted for 2.5 meter and 10 meter spatial resolution data applying two methods of the maximum likelihood classifier for pixel-based classification and the support vector machine classifier for the object-based classification. Moreover, the average overall accuracy was calculated for each classification result. The results show that the use of texture images could improve the accuracy of land cover classification, particularly to differentiate between forest and acacia plantation. The pixelbased method showed a more detail information of the objects, but has “salt and pepper”. In the other hand, the object-based method showed a good accuracy and clearer border line among objects, but has often some misinterpretations in object identification.
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Mian, O., J. Lutes, G. Lipa, J. J. Hutton, E. Gavelle, and S. Borghini. "DIRECT GEOREFERENCING ON SMALL UNMANNED AERIAL PLATFORMS FOR IMPROVED RELIABILITY AND ACCURACY OF MAPPING WITHOUT THE NEED FOR GROUND CONTROL POINTS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-1/W4 (August 27, 2015): 397–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-1-w4-397-2015.
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This paper presents results from a Direct Mapping Solution (DMS) comprised of an Applanix APX-15 UAV GNSS-Inertial system integrated with a Sony a7R camera to produce highly accurate ortho-rectified imagery without Ground Control Points on a Microdrones md4-1000 platform. A 55 millimeter Nikkor f/1.8 lens was mounted on the Sony a7R and the camera was then focused and calibrated terrestrially using the Applanix camera calibration facility, and then integrated with the APX-15 UAV GNSS-Inertial system using a custom mount specifically designed for UAV applications. <br><br> In July 2015, Applanix and Avyon carried out a test flight of this system. The goal of the test flight was to assess the performance of DMS APX-15 UAV direct georeferencing system on the md4-1000. The area mapped during the test was a 250 x 300 meter block in a rural setting in Ontario, Canada. Several ground control points are distributed within the test area. The test included 8 North-South lines and 1 cross strip flown at 80 meters AGL, resulting in a ~1 centimeter Ground Sample Distance (GSD). <br><br> Map products were generated from the test flight using Direct Georeferencing, and then compared for accuracy against the known positions of ground control points in the test area. The GNSS-Inertial data collected by the APX-15 UAV was post-processed in Single Base mode, using a base station located in the project area via POSPac UAV. The base-station’s position was precisely determined by processing a 12-hour session using the CSRS-PPP Post Processing service. The ground control points were surveyed in using differential GNSS post-processing techniques with respect to the base-station.
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Wang, Y., and X. X. Zhu. "SEMANTIC INTERPRETATION OF INSAR ESTIMATES USING OPTICAL IMAGES WITH APPLICATION TO URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE MONITORING." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-3/W3 (August 19, 2015): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-3-w3-153-2015.
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Synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) has been an established method for long term large area monitoring. Since the launch of meter-resolution spaceborne SAR sensors, the InSAR community has shown that even individual buildings can be monitored in high level of detail. However, the current deformation analysis still remains at a primitive stage of pixel-wise motion parameter inversion and manual identification of the regions of interest. We are aiming at developing an automatic urban infrastructure monitoring approach by combining InSAR and the semantics derived from optical images, so that the deformation analysis can be done systematically in the semantic/object level. This paper explains how we transfer the semantic meaning derived from optical image to the InSAR point clouds, and hence different semantic classes in the InSAR point cloud can be automatically extracted and monitored. Examples on bridges and railway monitoring are demonstrated.
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Boldt, M., A. Thiele, K. Schulz, and S. Hinz. "SAR Image Segmentation Using Morphological Attribute Profiles." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-3 (August 11, 2014): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-3-39-2014.
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In the last years, the spatial resolution of remote sensing sensors and imagery has continuously improved. Focusing on spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) sensors, the satellites of the current generation (TerraSAR-X, COSMO-SykMed) are able to acquire images with sub-meter resolution. Indeed, high resolution imagery is visually much better interpretable, but most of the established pixel-based analysis methods have become more or less impracticable since, in high resolution images, self-sufficient objects (vehicle, building) are represented by a large number of pixels. Methods dealing with Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA) provide help. Objects (segments) are groupings of pixels resulting from image segmentation algorithms based on homogeneity criteria. The image set is represented by image segments, which allows the development of rule-based analysis schemes. For example, segments can be described or categorized by their local neighborhood in a context-based manner. <br><br> In this paper, a novel method for the segmentation of high resolution SAR images is presented. It is based on the calculation of morphological differential attribute profiles (DAP) which are analyzed pixel-wise in a region growing procedure. The method distinguishes between heterogeneous and homogeneous image content and delivers a precise segmentation result.
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Goswami, B., and M. Kalita. "Radar backscattering measurement of bare soil and vegetation covered soil using X-band and full polarization." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-8 (November 28, 2014): 733–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-8-733-2014.
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The objective of the study is to measure backscattered power of bare soil and vegetation covered soil using X-band scatterometer system with full polarization and various angles during monsoon season and relate backscattered power to the density of vegetation over soil. The measurement was conducted at an experimental field located in the campus of Assam Engineering College, Guwahati, India. The soil sample consists of Silt and Clay in higher proportions as compared to Sand. The scatterometer system consists of dual-polarimetric square horn antennas, Power meter, Klystron, coaxial cables, isolator and waveguide detector. The polarization of the horn antennas as well as the look angle can be changed in the set-up. The backscattering coefficients were calculated by applying a radar equation for the measured values at incident angles between 30° and 60° for full polarization (HH, VV, HV, VH), respectively, and compared with vegetation cover over soil for each scatterometer measurement simultaneously. The VH polarization and 60° look angle are found to be the most suitable combination of configuration of an X-band scatterometer for distinguishing the land cover targets such as bare soil and vegetation covered soil. From the analysis of the results, polarimetric scatterometer data appear to be promising to distinguish the land cover types such as bare soil and soil completely covered by vegetation. The results of this study will help the scientists working in the field of active microwave remote sensing.
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Shrestha, U. S. "Land Use and Land Cover Classification from ETM Sensor Data : A Case Study from Tamakoshi River Basin of Nepal." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-8 (November 28, 2014): 943–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-8-943-2014.
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The mountain watershed of Nepal is highly rugged, inaccessible and difficult for acquiring field data. The application of ETM sensor Data Sat satellite image of 30 meter pixel resolutions has been used for land use and land cover classification of Tamakoshi River Basin (TRB) of Nepal. The paper tries to examine the strength of image classification methods in derivation of land use and land classification. Supervised digital image classification techniques was used for examination the thematic classification. Field verification, Google earth image, aerial photographs, topographical sheet and GPS locations were used for land use and land cover type classification, selecting training samples and assessing accuracy of classification results. Six major land use and land cover types: forest land, water bodies, bush/grass land, barren land, snow land and agricultural land was extracted using the method. Moreover, there is spatial variation of statistics of classified land uses and land cover types depending upon the classification methods. <br><br> The image data revealed that the major portion of the surface area is covered by unclassified bush and grass land covering 34.62 per cent followed by barren land (28 per cent). The knowledge derived from supervised classification was applied for the study. The result based on the field survey of the area during July 2014 also verifies the same result. So image classification is found more reliable in land use and land cover classification of mountain watershed of Nepal.
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Gupta, U. "Study of temporal variation of vegetation indices and phenology of tropical deciduous broadleaf forest in eastern India." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-8 (November 28, 2014): 569–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-8-569-2014.
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In the recent years study of vegetation variation has taken significance as a quintessential part of a bigger research agenda of climate change. This study has attempted to (a) Analyse the inter-annual and seasonal variation of vegetation (b) Observe the variation in phenological transition dates of tropical deciduous broadleaf forest (DBF) in Eastern India from 2003 to 2012. The study was conducted on 1500 sq. km area of dense forest in the districts of West Singhbhum and Sundargarh. MODIS EVI data of 250 meter resolution was used. Land cover mask was used to study only the DBF pixels. Least squares convolution method proposed by Savitzky and Golay was used for noise reduction and smoothing. For the determination of phenological parameters iterative Savitzky-Golay method followed by threshold method was used in TIMESAT software. The results showed that (i) EVI varied between 0.41 in early April and 0.71 in mid October (ii) The overall trend was decreasing with a slope of 0.0022, representing a degradation trend (iii) EVI of summer season was found to be more stable than of rainy and winter season (iv) Summer and rainy months showed a decreasing trend whereas the winter months showed an overall increase (v) Day of start of season varied between 2nd May and 20th June whereas the day of end of season varied between 1st February and 7th March (vi) Length of season was longest for 2007 at 302 days and shortest for 2010 at 235 days and showed an overall decreasing trend.
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Massaro, R. D., J. E. Anderson, J. D. Nelson, and J. D. Edwards. "A Comparative Study between Frequency-Modulated Continous Wave LADAR and Linear LiDAR." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-1 (November 7, 2014): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-1-233-2014.
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Topographic Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology has advanced greatly in the past decade. Pulse repetition rates of terrestrial and airborne systems havemultiplied thus vastly increasing data acquisition rates. Geiger-mode and FLASH LiDAR have also become far more mature technologies. However, a new and relatively unknown technology is maturing rapidly: Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave Laser Detection and Ranging (FMCW-LADAR). Possessing attributes more akin to modern radar systems, FMCWLADAR has the ability to more finely resolve objects separated by very small ranges. For tactical military applications (as described here), this can be a real advantage over single frequency, direct-detect systems. In fact, FMCW-LADAR can range resolve objects at 10<sup>−7</sup> to 10<sup>−6</sup> meter scales. FMCW-LADAR can also detect objects at greater range with less power. In this study, a FMCWLADAR instrument and traditional LiDAR instrument are compared. The co-located terrestrial scanning instruments were set up to perform simultaneous 3-D measurements of the given scene. Several targets were placed in the scene to expose the difference in the range resolution capabilities of the two instruments. The scans were performed at or nearly the same horizontal and vertical angular resolutions. It is demonstrated that the FMCW-LADAR surpasses the perfomance of the linear mode LiDAR scanner in terms of range resolution. Some results showing the maximum range acquisition are discussed but this was not studied in detail as the scanners’ laser powers differed by a small amount. Applications and implications of this technology are also discussed.
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Fuse, T., and K. Matsumoto. "Development of a self-localization method using sensors on mobile devices." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-5 (June 6, 2014): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-5-237-2014.
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Recently, development of high performance CPU, cameras and other sensors on mobile devises have been used for wide variety of applications. Most of the applications require self-localization of the mobile device. Since the self-localization is based on GPS, gyro sensor, acceleration meter and magnetic field sensor (called as POS) of low accuracy, the applications are limited. On the other hand, self-localization method using images have been developed, and the accuracy of the method is increasing. This paper develops the self-localization method using sensors, such as POS and cameras, on mobile devices simultaneously. The proposed method mainly consists of two parts: one is the accuracy improvement of POS data in itself by POS sensor fusion based on filtering theory, and another is development of self-localization method by integrating POS and camera. The proposed method combines all POS data by using Kalman filter in order to improve the accuracy of exterior orientation factors. The exterior orientation factors based on POS sensor fusion are used as initial value of ones in image-based self-localization method. The image-based selflocalization method consists of feature points extraction/tracking, coordinates estimation of the feature points, and orientation factors updates of the mobile device. The proposed method is applied to POS data and images taken in urban area. Through experiments with real data, the accuracy improvement by POS sensor fusion is confirmed. The proposed self-localization method with POS and camera make the accuracy more sophisticated by comparing with only POS sensor fusion.
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Capaldo, P., F. Fratarcangeli, A. Nascetti, A. Mazzoni, M. Porfiri, and M. Crespi. "Centimeter range measurement using amplitude data of TerraSAR-X imagery." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-7 (September 19, 2014): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-7-55-2014.
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The SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) imagery are largely used for the environmental, structures and infrastructures monitoring. In particular, Differential SAR Interferometry (DInSAR) is a well known technique that allows producing spatially dense displacement maps with centimetre to millimetre accuracy. The SAR signal is characterized by phase and amplitude value and the DInSAR remote sensing technique allows to analyse deformation phenomena affecting both extended natural areas and localized man-made structures, by exploiting the phase difference of SAR image pairs. New SAR satellite sensors such as COSMO-SkyMed, TerraSAR-X and PAZ offer the capability to achieve positioning in a global reference frame accuracies in the meter range and even better, thanks to the higher image resolution (up to 0.20 m pixel resolution in the Staring SpotLight mode for TerraSAR-X and PAZ) and to the use of on board dual frequency GPS receivers, which allows to determine the satellite orbit with an accuracy at few centimetres level. The goal of this work is to exploit the slant-range measurements reaching centimetre accuracies using only the amplitude information of SAR images acquired by TerraSAR-X satellite sensor. The leading idea is to evaluate the positioning accuracy of well identifiable and stable natural and man-made Persistent Scatterers (PS’s) along the SAR line of sight. The preliminary results, obtained on the Berlin area (Germany), shown that it is possible achieve a slant-range positioning accuracy with a bias well below 10 cm and a standard deviation of about 3 cm; the results are encouraging for applications of high resolution SAR imagery amplitude data in land and infrastructures monitoring.
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Li-Chee-Ming, J., and C. Armenakis. "Feasibility study of using the RoboEarth cloud engine for rapid mapping and tracking with small unmanned aerial systems." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-1 (November 7, 2014): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-1-219-2014.
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This paper presents the ongoing development of a small unmanned aerial mapping system (sUAMS) that in the future will track its trajectory and perform 3D mapping in near-real time. As both mapping and tracking algorithms require powerful computational capabilities and large data storage facilities, we propose to use the RoboEarth Cloud Engine (RCE) to offload heavy computation and store data to secure computing environments in the cloud. While the RCE's capabilities have been demonstrated with terrestrial robots in indoor environments, this paper explores the feasibility of using the RCE in mapping and tracking applications in outdoor environments by small UAMS. <br><br> The experiments presented in this work assess the data processing strategies and evaluate the attainable tracking and mapping accuracies using the data obtained by the sUAMS. Testing was performed with an Aeryon Scout quadcopter. It flew over York University, up to approximately 40 metres above the ground. The quadcopter was equipped with a single-frequency GPS receiver providing positioning to about 3 meter accuracies, an AHRS (Attitude and Heading Reference System) estimating the attitude to about 3 degrees, and an FPV (First Person Viewing) camera. Video images captured from the onboard camera were processed using VisualSFM and SURE, which are being reformed as an Application-as-a-Service via the RCE. The 3D virtual building model of York University was used as a known environment to georeference the point cloud generated from the sUAMS' sensor data. The estimated position and orientation parameters of the video camera show increases in accuracy when compared to the sUAMS' autopilot solution, derived from the onboard GPS and AHRS. The paper presents the proposed approach and the results, along with their accuracies.
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Fuse, T., and K. Matsumoto. "SELF-LOCALIZATION METHOD BY INTEGRATING SENSORS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-4/W5 (May 11, 2015): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-4-w5-87-2015.
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Recently, development of high performance CPU, cameras and other sensors on mobile devices have been used for wide variety of applications. Most of the applications require self-localization of the mobile device. Since the self-localization is based on GPS, gyro sensor, acceleration meter and magnetic field sensor (called as POS) of low accuracy, the applications are limited. On the other hand, self-localization method using images have been developed, and the accuracy of the method is increasing. This paper develops the self-localization method by integrating sensors, such as POS and cameras, on mobile devices simultaneously. The proposed method mainly consists of two parts: one is the accuracy improvement of POS data filtering, and another is development of self-localization method by integrating POS and camera. The POS data filtering combines all POS data by using Kalman filter in order to improve the accuracy of exterior orientation factors. The exterior orientation factors with POS filtering are used as initial value of ones in image-based self-localization method. The image-based self-localization method consists of feature points extraction and tracking, relative orientation, coordinates estimation of the feature points, and orientation factors updates of the mobile device. The proposed method is applied to POS data and images taken in urban area. Through experiments with real data, the accuracy improvement by POS data filtering is confirmed. The proposed self-localization method with POS and camera make the accuracy more sophisticated by comparing with only POS data filtering.
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Zillmann, E., M. Schönert, H. Lilienthal, B. Siegmann, T. Jarmer, P. Rosso, and T. Weichelt. "Crop Ground Cover Fraction and Canopy Chlorophyll Content Mapping using RapidEye imagery." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-7/W3 (April 28, 2015): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-7-w3-149-2015.
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Remote sensing is a suitable tool for estimating the spatial variability of crop canopy characteristics, such as canopy chlorophyll content (CCC) and green ground cover (GGC%), which are often used for crop productivity analysis and site-specific crop management. Empirical relationships exist between different vegetation indices (VI) and CCC and GGC% that allow spatial estimation of canopy characteristics from remote sensing imagery. However, the use of VIs is not suitable for an operational production of CCC and GGC% maps due to the limited transferability of derived empirical relationships to other regions. Thus, the operational value of crop status maps derived from remotely sensed data would be much higher if there was no need for reparametrization of the approach for different situations. <br><br> This paper reports on the suitability of high-resolution RapidEye data for estimating crop development status of winter wheat over the growing season, and demonstrates two different approaches for mapping CCC and GGC%, which do not rely on empirical relationships. The final CCC map represents relative differences in CCC, which can be quickly calibrated to field specific conditions using SPAD chlorophyll meter readings at a few points. The prediction model is capable of predicting SPAD readings with an average accuracy of 77%. The GGC% map provides absolute values at any point in the field. A high R² value of 80% was obtained for the relationship between estimated and observed GGC%. The mean absolute error for each of the two acquisition dates was 5.3% and 8.7%, respectively.
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Kotovirta, V., T. Toivanen, R. Tergujeff, T. Häme, and M. Molinier. "CITIZEN SCIENCE FOR EARTH OBSERVATION: APPLICATIONS IN ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND DISASTER RESPONSE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-7/W3 (April 30, 2015): 1221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-7-w3-1221-2015.
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Citizen science is a promising way to increase temporal and spatial coverages of in-situ data, and to aid in data processing and analysis. In this paper, we present how citizen science can be used together with Earth observation, and demonstrate its value through three pilot projects focusing on forest biomass analysis, data management in emergencies and water quality monitoring. We also provide recommendations and ideas for follow-up activities. <br><br> In the forest biomass analysis pilot, in the state of Durango (Mexico), local volunteers make in-situ forest inventory measurements with mobile devices. The collected data is combined with Landsat-8 imagery to derive forest biomass map of the area. The study area includes over 390 permanent sampling plots that will provide reference data for concept validation and verification. <br><br> The emergency data management pilot focuses in the Philippines, in the areas affected by the typhoons Haiyan in November 2013 and Hagupit in December 2014. Data collected by emergency workers and citizens are combined with satellite data (Landsat-8, VHR if available) to intensify the disaster recovery activities and the coordination efforts. Simple processes for citizens, nongovernmental organisations and volunteers are developed to find and utilize up to date and freely available satellite imagery for coordination purposes and for building new not-for-profit services in disaster situations. <br><br> In the water quality monitoring pilot, citizens around the Baltic Sea area contribute to the algae situation awareness by collecting algae observations using a mobile application. In-situ observations are compared with surface algal bloom products based on the satellite imagery, e.g. Aqua MODIS images with 500 meter resolution. As an outcome, the usability of the citizen observations together with satellite data in the algae monitoring will be evaluated.
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Shoushtari, M. A., and H. Sadeghi-Niaraki. "Ubiquitous Total Station Development using Smartphone, RSSI and Laser Sensor providing service to Ubi-GIS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-2/W3 (October 22, 2014): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-2-w3-237-2014.
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The growing trend in technological advances and Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) has targeted for intelligent human lives. Accordingly, Ubiquitous Computing Approach was proposed by Mark Weiser. This paper proposes an ubiquitous surveying solution in Geometrics and surveying field. Ubiquitous Surveying provides cost-effective, smart and available surveying techniques while traditional surveying equipment are so expensive and have small availability specially in indoor and daily surveying jobs. In order to have a smart surveying instrument, different information technology methods and tools like Triangle method, Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) method and laser sensor are used. These new ways in combine with surveying equations introduces a modern surveying equipment called Ubi-Total Station that also employed different sensors embedded in smartphone and mobile stand. RSSI-based localization and Triangle method technique are easy and well known methods to predict the position of an unknown node in indoor environments whereas additional measures are required for a sufficient accuracy. <br><br> In this paper the main goal is to introduce the Ubiquitous Total Station as a development in smart and ubiquitous GIS. In order to public use of the surveying equipment, design and implementation of this instrument has been done. Conceptual model of Smartphone-based system is designed for this study and based on this model, an Android application as a first sample is developed. Finally the evaluations shows that absolute errors in X and Y calculation are 0.028 and 0.057 meter respectively. Also RMSE of 0.26 was calculated in RSSI method for distance measurement. The high price of traditional equipment and their requirement for professional surveyors has given way to intelligent surveying. In the suggested system, smartphones can be used as tools for positioning and coordinating geometric information of objects.
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Gonçalves, J. A. "AUTOMATIC ORIENTATION AND MOSAICKING OF ARCHIVED AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY USING STRUCTURE FROM MOTION." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-3/W4 (March 17, 2016): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-3-w4-123-2016.
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Aerial photography has been acquired regularly for topographic mapping since the decade of 1930. In Portugal there are several archives of aerial photos in national mapping institutes, as well as in local authorities, containing a total of nearly one hundred thousand photographs, mainly from the 1940s, 1950s and some from 1930s. These data sets provide important information about the evolution of the territory, for environment and agricultural studies, land planning, and many other examples. There is an interest in making these aerial coverages available in the form of orthorectified mosaics for integration in a GIS. <br><br> The orthorectification of old photographs may pose several difficulties. Required data about the camera and lens system used, such as the focal distance, fiducial marks coordinates or distortion parameters may not be available, making it difficult to process these data in conventional photogrammetric software. <br><br> This paper describes an essentially automatic methodology for orientation, orthorectification and mosaic composition of blocks of old aerial photographs, using Agisoft Photoscan structure from motion software. The operation sequence is similar to the processing of UAV imagery. The method was applied to photographs from 1947 and 1958, provided by the Portuguese Army Geographic Institute. The orientation was done with GCPs collected from recent orthophototos and topographic maps. This may be a difficult task, especially in urban areas that went through many changes. Residuals were in general below 1 meter. The agreement of the orthomosaics with recent orthophotos and GIS vector data was in general very good. The process is relatively fast and automatic, and can be considered in the processing of full coverages of old aerial photographs.
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Gonçalves, J. A. "AUTOMATIC ORIENTATION AND MOSAICKING OF ARCHIVED AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY USING STRUCTURE FROM MOTION." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-3/W4 (March 17, 2016): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xl-3-w4-123-2016.
Full textAbstract:
Aerial photography has been acquired regularly for topographic mapping since the decade of 1930. In Portugal there are several archives of aerial photos in national mapping institutes, as well as in local authorities, containing a total of nearly one hundred thousand photographs, mainly from the 1940s, 1950s and some from 1930s. These data sets provide important information about the evolution of the territory, for environment and agricultural studies, land planning, and many other examples. There is an interest in making these aerial coverages available in the form of orthorectified mosaics for integration in a GIS. <br><br> The orthorectification of old photographs may pose several difficulties. Required data about the camera and lens system used, such as the focal distance, fiducial marks coordinates or distortion parameters may not be available, making it difficult to process these data in conventional photogrammetric software. <br><br> This paper describes an essentially automatic methodology for orientation, orthorectification and mosaic composition of blocks of old aerial photographs, using Agisoft Photoscan structure from motion software. The operation sequence is similar to the processing of UAV imagery. The method was applied to photographs from 1947 and 1958, provided by the Portuguese Army Geographic Institute. The orientation was done with GCPs collected from recent orthophototos and topographic maps. This may be a difficult task, especially in urban areas that went through many changes. Residuals were in general below 1 meter. The agreement of the orthomosaics with recent orthophotos and GIS vector data was in general very good. The process is relatively fast and automatic, and can be considered in the processing of full coverages of old aerial photographs.
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Rau, J. Y., J. P. Jhan, and C. Y. Huang. "ORTHO-RECTIFICATION OF NARROW BAND MULTI-SPECTRAL IMAGERY ASSISTED BY DSLR RGB IMAGERY ACQUIRED BY A FIXED-WING UAS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-1/W4 (August 26, 2015): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-1-w4-67-2015.
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Miniature Multiple Camera Array (MiniMCA-12) is a frame-based multilens/multispectral sensor composed of 12 lenses with narrow band filters. Due to its small size and light weight, it is suitable to mount on an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) for acquiring high spectral, spatial and temporal resolution imagery used in various remote sensing applications. However, due to its wavelength range is only 10 nm that results in low image resolution and signal-to-noise ratio which are not suitable for image matching and digital surface model (DSM) generation. In the meantime, the spectral correlation among all 12 bands of MiniMCA images are low, it is difficult to perform tie-point matching and aerial triangulation at the same time. In this study, we thus propose the use of a DSLR camera to assist automatic aerial triangulation of MiniMCA-12 imagery and to produce higher spatial resolution DSM for MiniMCA12 ortho-image generation. Depending on the maximum payload weight of the used UAS, these two kinds of sensors could be collected at the same time or individually. In this study, we adopt a fixed-wing UAS to carry a Canon EOS 5D Mark2 DSLR camera and a MiniMCA-12 multi-spectral camera. For the purpose to perform automatic aerial triangulation between a DSLR camera and the MiniMCA-12, we choose one master band from MiniMCA-12 whose spectral range has overlap with the DSLR camera. However, all lenses of MiniMCA-12 have different perspective centers and viewing angles, the original 12 channels have significant band misregistration effect. Thus, the first issue encountered is to reduce the band misregistration effect. Due to all 12 MiniMCA lenses being frame-based, their spatial offsets are smaller than 15 cm and all images are almost 98% overlapped, we thus propose a <b>modified projective transformation</b> (MPT) method together with two systematic error correction procedures to register all 12 bands of imagery on the same image space. It means that those 12 bands of images acquired at the same exposure time will have same interior orientation parameters (IOPs) and exterior orientation parameters (EOPs) after band-to-band registration (BBR). Thus, in the aerial triangulation stage, the master band of MiniMCA-12 was treated as a reference channel to link with DSLR RGB images. It means, all reference images from the master band of MiniMCA-12 and all RGB images were triangulated at the same time with same coordinate system of ground control points (GCP). Due to the spatial resolution of RGB images is higher than the MiniMCA-12, the GCP can be marked on the RGB images only even they cannot be recognized on the MiniMCA images. Furthermore, a one meter gridded digital surface model (DSM) is created by the RGB images and applied to the MiniMCA imagery for ortho-rectification. Quantitative error analyses show that the proposed BBR scheme can achieve 0.33 pixels of average misregistration residuals length and the co-registration errors among 12 MiniMCA ortho-images and between MiniMCA and Canon RGB ortho-images are all less than 0.6 pixels. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is robust, reliable and accurate for future remote sensing applications.
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Soares, Carlos José, Monise de Paula Rodrigues, Laís Rani Sales Oliveira, Stella Sueli Lourenço Braga, Luciana Mendes Barcelos, Gisele Rodrigues da Silva, Marcelo Giannini, and Richard Bengt Price. "An Evaluation of the Light Output from 22 Contemporary Light Curing Units." Brazilian Dental Journal 28, no. 3 (June 2017): 362–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201601466.
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Abstract This study measured the radiant power (mW), irradiance (mW/cm2) and emission spectra (mW/cm2/nm) of 22 new, or almost new, light curing units (LCUs): - Alt Lux II, BioLux Standard, Bluephase G2, Curing Light XL 3000, Demetron LC, DX Turbo LED 1200, EC450, EC500, Emitter C, Emitter D, KON-LUX, LED 3M ESPE, Led Lux II, Optilight Color, Optilight Max, Optilux 501, Poly Wireless, Radii cal, Radii plus, TL-01, VALO Cordless. These LCUs were either monowave or multiple peak light emitting diode (LED) units or quartz-tungsten-halogen LCUs used in anterior and posterior teeth. The radiant power emitted by the LCUs was measured by a laboratory grade laser power meter. The tip area (cm²) of the LCUs was measured and used to calculate the irradiance from the measured radiant power source. The MARC-Patient Simulator (MARC-PS) with a laboratory grade spectrometer (USB4000, Ocean Optics) was used to measure the irradiance and emission spectrum from each LCU three times at the sensor located on the facial of the maxillary central incisors and then separately at the occlusal of a maxillary second molar. The minimum acceptable irradiance level was set as 500 mW/cm2. Irradiance data was analyzed using two-way ANOVA and the radiant power data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test (a=0.05). In general, the irradiance was reduced at the molar tooth for most LCUs. Only the Valo, Bluephase G2 and Radii Plus delivered an irradiance similar to the anterior and posterior sensors greater than 500 mW/cm2. KON-LUX, Altlux II, Biolux Standard, TL-01, Optilux 501, DX Turbo LED 1200 LCUs delivered lower irradiance values than the recommended one used in molar region, KON-LUX and Altlux II LCUs used at the maxillary incisors. Bluephase G2 and Optilight Max delivered the highest radiant power and KON-LUX, Altlux II and Biolux Standard delivered the lowest power. The emission spectrum from the various monowave LED LCUs varied greatly. The multi-peak LCUs delivered similar emission spectra to both sensors.
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Alizadehashrafi, B. "USING PARAMETERS OF DYNAMIC PULSE FUNCTION FOR 3D MODELING IN LOD3 BASED ON RANDOM TEXTURES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-1-W5 (December 10, 2015): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-1-w5-51-2015.
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The pulse function (PF) is a technique based on procedural preprocessing system to generate a computerized virtual photo of the façade with in a fixed size square(Alizadehashrafi et al., 2009, Musliman et al., 2010). Dynamic Pulse Function (DPF) is an enhanced version of PF which can create the final photo, proportional to real geometry. This can avoid distortion while projecting the computerized photo on the generated 3D model(Alizadehashrafi and Rahman, 2013). The challenging issue that might be handled for having 3D model in LoD3 rather than LOD2, is the final aim that have been achieved in this paper. In the technique based DPF the geometries of the windows and doors are saved in an XML file schema which does not have any connections with the 3D model in LoD2 and CityGML format. In this research the parameters of Dynamic Pulse Functions are utilized via Ruby programming language in SketchUp Trimble to generate (exact position and deepness) the windows and doors automatically in LoD3 based on the same concept of DPF. The advantage of this technique is automatic generation of huge number of similar geometries e.g. windows by utilizing parameters of DPF along with defining entities and window layers. In case of converting the SKP file to CityGML via FME software or CityGML plugins the 3D model contains the semantic database about the entities and window layers which can connect the CityGML to MySQL(Alizadehashrafi and Baig, 2014). <br><br> The concept behind DPF, is to use logical operations to project the texture on the background image which is dynamically proportional to real geometry. The process of projection is based on two vertical and horizontal dynamic pulses starting from upper-left corner of the background wall in down and right directions respectively based on image coordinate system. The logical one/zero on the intersections of two vertical and horizontal dynamic pulses projects/does not project the texture on the background image. It is possible to define priority for each layer. For instance the priority of the door layer can be higher than window layer which means that window texture cannot be projected on the door layer. Orthogonal and rectified perpendicular symmetric photos of the 3D objects that are proportional to the real façade geometry must be utilized for the generation of the output frame for DPF. The DPF produces very high quality and small data size of output image files in quite smaller dimension compare with the photorealistic texturing method. The disadvantage of DPF is its preprocessing method to generate output image file rather than online processing to generate the texture within the 3D environment such as CityGML. Furthermore the result of DPF can be utilized for 3D model in LOD2 rather than LOD3. In the current work the random textures of the window layers are created based on parameters of DPF within Ruby console of SketchUp Trimble to generate the deeper geometries of the windows and their exact position on the façade automatically along with random textures to increase Level of Realism (LoR)(Scarpino, 2010). <br><br> As the output frame in DPF is proportional to real geometry (height and width of the façade) it is possible to query the XML database and convert them to units such as meter automatically. In this technique, the perpendicular terrestrial photo from the façade is rectified by employing projective transformation based on the frame which is in constrain proportion to real geometry. The rectified photos which are not suitable for texturing but necessary for measuring, can be resized in constrain proportion to real geometry before measuring process. Height and width of windows, doors, horizontal and vertical distance between windows from upper left corner of the photo dimensions of doors and windows are parameters that should be measured to run the program as a plugins in SketchUp Trimble. The system can use these parameters and texture file names and file paths to create the façade semi-automatically. To avoid leaning geometry the textures of windows, doors and etc, should be cropped and rectified from perpendicular photos, so that they can be used in the program to create the whole façade along with its geometries. Texture enhancement should be done in advance such as removing disturbing objects, exposure setting, left-right up-down transformation, and so on. In fact, the quality, small data size, scale and semantic database for each façade are the prominent advantages of this method.
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Modu, B., and B. Herbert. "Spatial analysis from remotely sensed observations of Congo basin of East African high Land to drain water using gravity for sustainable management of low laying Chad basin of Central Africa." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-1 (November 7, 2014): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-1-279-2014.
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The Chad basin which covers an area of about 2.4 million kilometer square is one of the largest drainage basins in Africa in the centre of Lake Chad .This basin was formed as a result of rifting and drifting episode, as such it has no outlet to the oceans or seas. It contains large area of desert from the north to the west. The basin covers in part seven countries such as Chad, Nigeria, Central African Republic, Cameroun, Niger, Sudan and Algeria. It is named Chad basin because 43.9% falls in Chad republic. Since its formation, the basin continues to experienced water shortage due to the activities of Dams combination, increase in irrigations and general reduction in rainfall. Chad basin needs an external water source for it to be function at sustainable level, hence needs for exploitation of higher east African river basin called Congo basin; which covers an area of 3.7 million square km lies in an astride the equator in west-central Africa-world second largest river basin after Amazon. The Congo River almost pans around republic of Congo, the democratic republic of Congo, the Central African Republic, western Zambia, northern Angola, part of Cameroun, and Tanzania. The remotely sensed imagery analysis and observation revealed that Congo basin is on the elevation of 275 to 460 meters and the Chad basin is on elevation of 240 meters. This implies that water can be drained from Congo basin via headrace down to the Chad basin for the water sustainability.
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Knyaz, V. A., and A. A. Maksimov. "Photogrammetric Technique for Timber Stack Volume Contol." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-3 (August 11, 2014): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-3-157-2014.
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The problem of accurate log volume measurement is a very important, especially in case of seaport volume control where logs are put in a huge stack of hundred meters length and a time for volume control is strongly restricted. Current technology of volume control use manual means such as measuring tape, so the process of measurement is rather inaccurate and time consuming. To estimate the volume of timber stack its frontal area is measured and some control parts of a stack are used for stacking coefficient (wood density in a stack) determination. Non-contact vision based technique is proposed for manual measurements substituting. The developed methods are implemented in portable photogrammetric system for stack parameters measuring and documenting.
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Rahmani, Mohamed, Mandy Aust, LaShanale Wallace, and Steven Grant. "Inhibition Of PI3K/mTOR By BEZ235 Dramatically Potentiates Panobinostat-Induced Lethality In Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Through Multiple Mechanisms." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.817.817.
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Abstract Dysregulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and histone deacetylases (HDACs) has been described in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Previous studies demonstrated that combined treatment with PI3K/AKT pathway signaling inhibitors (e.g., LY294002, or perifosine) and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis, e.g., sodium butyrate, vorinostat) resulted in a dramatic induction of apoptosis in human myeloid leukemia cells (Rahmani et al., Oncogene 22:6231-42, 2003; Rahmani et al., Cancer Res 65:2422-32, 2005). Here we examined interactions between the clinically relevant dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor BEZ235 and the pan-HDACi panobinostat (both Novartis) in DLBCL cells. Notably, combined treatment with BEZ235 (25-200 nM) and panobinostat (5-15 nM) resulted in sharp decreases in cell growth and viability and profound induction of mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. These events were observed in various DLBCL cell lines including both GC-DLBCL (SUDHL4, SUDHL16, OCI-LY7) and ABC-DLBCL (HBL-1, TMD8) as well as in mantle cell lymphoma cells (JeKo-1). Enhanced lethality of this regimen was accompanied by a marked increase in cytochrome c and AIF release into the cytosol, caspase-3 activation, and PARP cleavage. It was also associated with down-regulation of Mcl-1, a pronounced increase in H3 and H4 acetylation, and up-regulation of phospho- gH2AX, an indicator of DNA damage (e.g., DNA double-strand breaks). In addition, panobinostat robustly induced p21CIP1 accumulation in DLBCL cells, an event that was largely abrogated by BEZ235. Of note, treatment with BEZ235 alone or in combination with panobinostat triggered a decrease in GSK3 phosphorylation and levels of its downstream target, b-catenin consistent with GSK3 activation. Interestingly, inhibition of GSK3 by CHIR-98014 or the GSK3 inhibitor IX (BIO), but not its inactive analogue MeBIO, significantly diminished BEZ235/panobinostat lethality, arguing that GSK3 activation plays a significant functional role in lethality. Immunoprecipitation studies revealed that down-regulation of Mcl-1 was associated with enhanced binding of Bim to Bcl-xL and Bcl-2 and a marked decrease in Bak binding to Bcl-xL. In addition, knockdown of Bak also markedly diminished BEZ235/panobinostat-mediated lethality, as assessed by Annexin V/PI positivity. Together, these findings suggest that Bak plays a key functional role in the pronounced activity of BEZ235/panobinostat toward DLBCL cells. They also raise the possibility that BEZ235 may enhance panobinostat lethality by increasing Bim binding to Bcl-xL/Bcl-2, leading to the release of Bak/Bax from Bcl-2/Bcl-xL, culminating in apoptosis. Significantly, HS-5 stromal cell-conditioned media failed to protect DLBCL cells from combined panobinostat/BEZ235 treatment, suggesting that this strategy may be effective in circumventing microenvironmental forms of resistance. Combined treatment also exhibited robust activity against primary DLBCL cells, whereas exposure to the same regimens did not significantly reduce the viability of normal CD34+ progenitor cells nor did it reduce their clonogenic potential. Finally, in vivo studies utilizing a murine xenograft model bearing SUDHL4 cells revealed that co-treatment with BEZ235 and panobinostat markedly reduced in vivo tumor growth, whereas agents administered individually exhibited only modest effects. In addition, Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that combined treatment significantly prolonged the survival of mice; in contrast, single agents were ineffective in increasing survival. Together, these findings suggest that the anti-DLBCL activities of combined BEZ235 and panobinostat treatment may involve multiple mechanisms, including Mcl-1 down-regulation, increased Bim binding to Bcl-2/Bcl-xL, release of Bak from Bcl-xL, abrogation of p21CIP1 accumulation, induction of DNA damage, and GSK3 activation, culminating in Bax/Bak activation and apoptosis. These findings raise the possibility that combining PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors (e.g., BEZ235) and HDACis (e.g., panobinostat), may represent a novel and effective strategy against various DLBCL subtypes and possibly other hematologic malignancies. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Doneus, M., I. Miholjek, G. Mandlburger, N. Doneus, G. Verhoeven, Ch Briese, and M. Pregesbauer. "AIRBORNE LASER BATHYMETRY FOR DOCUMENTATION OF SUBMERGED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES IN SHALLOW WATER." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-5/W5 (April 9, 2015): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-5-w5-99-2015.
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Knowledge of underwater topography is essential to the understanding of the organisation and distribution of archaeological sites along and in water bodies. Special attention has to be paid to intertidal and inshore zones where, due to sea-level rise, coastlines have changed and many former coastal sites are now submerged in shallow water. Mapping the detailed inshore topography is therefore important to reconstruct former coastlines, identify sunken archaeological structures and locate potential former harbour sites. However, until recently archaeology has lacked suitable methods to provide the required topographical data of shallow underwater bodies. Our research shows that airborne topo-bathymetric laser scanner systems are able to measure surfaces above and below the water table over large areas in high detail using very short and narrow green laser pulses, even revealing sunken archaeological structures in shallow water. Using an airborne laser scanner operating at a wavelength in the green visible spectrum (532 nm) two case study areas in different environmental settings (Kolone, Croatia, with clear sea water; Lake Keutschach, Austria, with turbid water) were scanned. In both cases, a digital model of the underwater topography with a planimetric resolution of a few decimeters was measured. While in the clear waters of Kolone penetration depth was up to 11 meters, turbid Lake Keutschach allowed only to document the upper 1.6 meters of its underwater topography. Our results demonstrate the potential of this technique to map submerged archaeological structures over large areas in high detail providing the possibility for systematic, large scale archaeological investigation of this environment.
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Schwarz, E., D. Krause, M. Berg, H. Daedelow, and H. Maass. "Near Real Time Applications for Maritime Situational Awareness." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-7/W3 (April 30, 2015): 999–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-7-w3-999-2015.
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Applications to derive maritime value added products like oil spill and ship detection based on remote sensing SAR image data are being developed and integrated at the Ground Station Neustrelitz, part of the German Remote Sensing Data Center. Products of meteo-marine parameters like wind and wave will complement the product portfolio. Research and development aim at the implementation of highly automated services for operational use. SAR images are being used because of the possibility to provide maritime products with high spatial resolution over wide swaths and under all weather conditions. In combination with other information like Automatic Identification System (AIS) data fusion products are available to support the Maritime Situational Awareness.
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Lehner, S., and B. Tings. "MARITIME PRODUCTS USING TERRASAR-X and SENTINEL-1 IMAGERY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-7/W3 (April 30, 2015): 967–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-7-w3-967-2015.
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High resolution remote sensing Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data from TerraSAR-X/Tandem-X satellites are used to determine and monitor the sea surface in near real time and all weather and illumination conditions. The radar backscatter of the sea surface is determined by the sea surface roughness caused by the wind field and the sea state. These meteo parameters are modelled by the newly developed algorithms XMOD and XWAVE relating the wind field and sea state, depending on incidence angle and directionality to the radar backscatter sigma0. <br><br> The TerraSAR-X Modes Stripmap, Scan SAR and Scan SAR Wide are used together with Sentinel and RADARSAT data to detect ships, oil spills and icebergs. The detectability depending on the background conditions is discussed. Several examples from near real time campaigns performed together with users are given.
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Satyanarayana, A. N., B. Chandrashekara Rao, D. Lalitha, and B. Lakshmi. "Modis data acquisition and utilization for forest fire management in india." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-8 (December 23, 2014): 1383–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-8-1383-2014.
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The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument onboard Terra & Aqua Spacecrafts Scans the earth in 36 spectral bands & covers the entire earth in two days. MODIS data has proved to be very useful for ocean & land studies with resolution ranging from 250 m to 1000 meters. The Data Reception system at Shadnagar (Refer to the Block diagram Fig.1), receives the data transmitted in X-band on 8160 MHz carrier SQPSK modulated with a data rate of 15 MBPS from the Aqua satellite. The down converted IF signal is fed to the demodulator & bit-synchronizer unit. The data and clock output signals of bitsynchronizer unit are given to a PC based DAQLB system where real-time telemetry processing is carried out and data is recorded onto hard disk in real time. The effectiveness of the system in supporting the forest fire management during the 2011, 12, 13 & 14 is also presented in the paper. Near real-time active fire monitoring, interactive fire visualization, fire database and statistical analysis functions also presented. Preliminary results of the upgrading satellite receiving system and in expanding the utilization of satellite data for multi-disciplinary resources management will also be presented and discussed.
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Zhang, W., C. Wang, and X. Xi. "3D Scan of Ornamental Column (huabiao) Using Terrestrial LiDAR and Hand-held Imager." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-5/W7 (August 13, 2015): 491–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-5-w7-491-2015.
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In ancient China, Huabiao was a type of ornamental column used to decorate important buildings. We carried out 3D scan of a Huabiao located in Peking University, China. This Huabiao was built no later than 1742. It is carved by white marble, 8 meters in height. Clouds and various postures of dragons are carved on its body. Two instruments were used to acquire the point cloud of this Huabiao, a terrestrial LiDAR (Riegl VZ-1000) and a hand-held imager (Mantis Vision F5). In this paper, the details of the experiment were described, including the differences between these two instruments, such as working principle, spatial resolution, accuracy, instrument dimension and working flow. The point clouds obtained respectively by these two instruments were compared, and the registered point cloud of Huabiao was also presented. These should be of interest and helpful for the research communities of archaeology and heritage.
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Nishio, M., and M. Mori. "Hydrologic analysis of a flood based on a new Digital Elevation Model." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-7/W4 (June 26, 2015): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-7-w4-127-2015.
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These The present study aims to simulate the hydrologic processes of a flood, based on a new, highly accurate Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The DEM is provided by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) of Japan, and has a spatial resolution of five meters. It was generated by the new National Project in 2012. The Hydrologic Engineering Center - Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) is used to simulate the hydrologic process of a flood of the Onga River in Iizuka City, Japan. A large flood event in the typhoon season in 2003 caused serious damage around the Iizuka City area. Precise records of rainfall data from the Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System (AMeDAS) were input into the HEC-HMS. The estimated flood area of the simulation results by HEC-HMS was identical to the observed flood area. A watershed aggregation map is also generated by HEC-HMS around the Onga River.
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Hosseinpoor, H. R., F. Samadzadegan, and F. Dadras Javan. "PRICISE TARGET GEOLOCATION BASED ON INTEGERATION OF THERMAL VIDEO IMAGERY AND RTK GPS IN UAVS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-1-W5 (December 11, 2015): 333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-1-w5-333-2015.
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There are an increasingly large number of uses for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) from surveillance, mapping and target geolocation. However, most of commercial UAVs are equipped with low-cost navigation sensors such as C/A code GPS and a low-cost IMU on board, allowing a positioning accuracy of 5 to 10 meters. This low accuracy which implicates that it cannot be used in applications that require high precision data on cm-level. This paper presents a precise process for geolocation of ground targets based on thermal video imagery acquired by small UAV equipped with RTK GPS. The geolocation data is filtered using a linear Kalman filter, which provides a smoothed estimate of target location and target velocity. The accurate geo-locating of targets during image acquisition is conducted via traditional photogrammetric bundle adjustment equations using accurate exterior parameters achieved by on board IMU and RTK GPS sensors and Kalman filtering and interior orientation parameters of thermal camera from pre-flight laboratory calibration process.
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Giordano, F., G. Mattei, C. Parente, F. Peluso, and R. Santamaria. "MICROVEGA (MICRO VESSEL FOR GEODETICS APPLICATION): A MARINE DRONE FOR THE ACQUISITION OF BATHYMETRIC DATA FOR GIS APPLICATIONS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-5/W5 (April 9, 2015): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-5-w5-123-2015.
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Bathymetric data are fundamental to produce navigational chart and sea-floor 3D models. They can be collected using different techniques and sensors on board of a variety of platforms, such as satellite, aircraft, ship and drone. The MicroVEGA drone is an Open Prototype of Autonomous Unmanned Surface Vessel (AUSV) conceived, designed and built to operate in the coastal areas (0-20 meters of depth), where a traditional boat is poorly manoeuvrable. It is equipped with a series of sensors to acquire the morpho-bathymetric high precision data. In this paper we presents the result of the first case study, a bathymetric survey carried out at Sorrento Marina Grande. This survey is a typical application case of this technology; the Open Prototype MicroVega has an interdisciplinary breath and it is going to be applied to various research fields. In future, it will expect to do new knowledge, new survey strategies and an industrial prototype in fiberglass.
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Gonçalves, G., N. Duro, E. Sousa, and I. Figueiredo. "AUTOMATIC EXTRACTION OF TIDE-COORDINATED SHORELINE USING OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE AND LANDSAT IMAGERY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-7/W3 (April 30, 2015): 953–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-7-w3-953-2015.
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Due to both natural and anthropogenic causes, the coastal lines keeps changing dynamically and continuously their shape, position and extend over time. In this paper we propose an approach to derive a tide-coordinate shoreline from two extracted instantaneous shorelines corresponding to a nearly low tide and high tide events. First, all the multispectral images are panshaperned to meet the 15 meters spatial resolution of the panchromatic images. Second, by using the Modification of Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) and the kmeans clustering method we extract the raster shoreline for each image acquisition time. Third, each raster shoreline is smoothed and vectorized using a penalized least square method. Fourth, a 2D constrained Delaunay triangulation is built from the two extracted instantaneous shorelines with their respective heights interpolated from a Tidal gauche station. Finally, the desired tide-coordinate shoreline is interpolated from the previous triangular intertidal surface. The results show that an automatic tide-coordinated extraction method can be efficiently implemented using free available remote sensing imagery data (Landsat 8) and open source software (QGIS and Orfeo toolbox) and python scripting for task automation and software integration.
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Zink, M. "TANDEM-X MISSION STATUS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-7/W3 (April 30, 2015): 1345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-7-w3-1345-2015.
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TanDEM-X (TerraSAR-X add-on for Digital Elevation Measurements) is an innovative formation flying radar mission that opens a new era in spaceborne radar remote sensing. Its primary objective is the acquisition of a global Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with unprecedented accuracy (12 m horizontal resolution and 2 m relative height accuracy). This goal is achieved by extending the TerraSAR-X synthetic aperture radar (SAR) mission by a second TerraSAR-X like satellite, TanDEM-X (TDX). Both satellites fly in close orbit formation of a few hundred meters distance, and the resulting large single-pass SAR interferometer features flexible baseline selection enabling the acquisition of highly accurate cross-track interferograms not impacted by temporal decorrelation and atmospheric disturbances. Beyond the global DEM, several secondary mission objectives based on along-track interferometry as well as new bistatic and multistatic SAR techniques have been defined. Since 2010 both satellites have been operated in close formation to map all land surfaces at least twice and difficult terrain even up to four times. While data acquisition for the DEM generation will be concluded by the end of 2014 it is expected to complete the processing of the global DEM in the second half of 2016.
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Bobkov, A., E. Panidi, N. Torlopova, and V. Tsepelev. "NDVI dynamics of the taiga zone in connection with modern climate changes." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-7/W3 (April 28, 2015): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-7-w3-157-2015.
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This research is dedicated to the investigation of the relations between the XXI century climate changes and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) variability of the taiga zone. For this purposes was used the observations of vegetation variability on the test area located nearby Syktyvkar city (Komi Republic, Russia), 16-day averages of NDVI data derived from TERRA/MODIS space imagery (spatial resolution is about 250 meters), and the air temperature and precipitation observations from Syktyvkar meteorological station. <br><br> The research results confirmed the statistically significant positive correlation between NDVI and air temperature for all vegetation types of the test area, for both spring and autumn seasons. The weakest correlation was found for coniferous forest, namely, pine forest on poor soils, and the strongest correlation was found for meadows and bogs. Additionally the map of NDVI trends of the test area shows that the sectors of greatest positive trend located on the territories with non-forest cover, and as a result, the positive trend of air temperature is indicated most brightly on vegetation of non-forest lands. Thereby these lands can serve as climate changes indicator in the investigated region. The study was partially supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR), research project No. 14-05-00858 a.
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Lhoest, S., J. Linchant, S. Quevauvillers, C. Vermeulen, and P. Lejeune. "HOW MANY HIPPOS (HOMHIP): ALGORITHM FOR AUTOMATIC COUNTS OF ANIMALS WITH INFRA-RED THERMAL IMAGERY FROM UAV." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-3/W3 (August 19, 2015): 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-3-w3-355-2015.
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The common hippopotamus (<i>Hippopotamus amphibius</i> L.) is part of the animal species endangered because of multiple human pressures. Monitoring of species for conservation is then essential, and the development of census protocols has to be chased. UAV technology is considering as one of the new perspectives for wildlife survey. Indeed, this technique has many advantages but its main drawback is the generation of a huge amount of data to handle. This study aims at developing an algorithm for automatic count of hippos, by exploiting thermal infrared aerial images acquired from UAV. This attempt is the first known for automatic detection of this species. Images taken at several flight heights can be used as inputs of the algorithm, ranging from 38 to 155 meters above ground level. A Graphical User Interface has been created in order to facilitate the use of the application. Three categories of animals have been defined following their position in water. The mean error of automatic counts compared with manual delineations is +2.3% and shows that the estimation is unbiased. Those results show great perspectives for the use of the algorithm in populations monitoring after some technical improvements and the elaboration of statistically robust inventories protocols.
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Marques-Piubelli, Mario L., Luisa Maren Solis, Luis Malpica, Sushant Gouni, Ranjit Nair, Dai Chihara, Swaminathan Padmanabhan Iyer, Ignacio Ivan Wistuba, Francisco Vega, and Paolo Strati. "Characterization of BCL-2 alternative proteins and outcome in patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): e19531-e19531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e19531.
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e19531 Background: The outcome of patients with PTCL, NOS is generally very poor, and the identification of biologically rational targets, which may translate into effective and non-toxic treatment strategies, is a high priority. The pro-survival BCL-2 family members BCL-2, BCL-XL (BCL2L1), BCL-W (BCL2L2), BCL2A1 and MCL-1 contribute to tumor maintenance, progression, and chemo-resistance across a range of cancers, but their contributions in PTCL, NOS are poorly understood. Methods: Patients with PTCL, NOS treated between 09/2000 and 09/2019 and with available tissue biopsy were included in the study. Diagnosis was retrospectively confirmed by two expert hematopathologists. BCL-2, BCL-XL, BCL-W, BCL2A1 and MCL-1 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and the percentage of positive tumor cells assessed by standard microscopy. The 2014 Lugano Classification was used to define response to therapy. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and were compared using log-rank test between patient groups. Results: Twenty-seven patients were included in the study: 67% were male, 52% ≥ 65 year old, and 48% had stage IV disease; 59% were previously treated and 41% received > 2 lines of therapy, including stem cell transplant (SCT) in 19%. The median expression of BCL-2, BCL-XL, BCL-W, BCL2A1 and MCL-1 by IHC was: 30% (range: 0-100%), 10% (range: 0-90%), 100% (range: 40-100%), 20% (range: 0-90%), and 70% (range: 1-100%), respectively. BCL-2A1 was significantly higher in previously treated patients (35% vs 5%, p = 0.02), and in those who had previously received > 2 lines of therapy (40% vs 5%, p = 0.02). Twenty-four (89%) patients were treated after tissue biopsy, 17 (63%) with chemotherapy, 7 (26%) with biological therapy, and 6 (22%) received subsequent SCT. Five (24%) patients achieved complete remission (CR); only BCL-W associated with response, a higher expression (quartiles 3 and 4) being observed among patients not achieving CR (median 100% vs 90%, p = 0.07). After a median follow-up of 28 months (95% CI, 14-42 months), 22 (81%) patients progressed or died, and median PFS was 4 months (95% CI, 2-6 months); only BCL-W associated with PFS, a shorter median PFS being observed for patients with higher expression (3 months vs 7 months, p = 0.001). At most recent follow-up, 17 (63%) patients died, and median OS was 6 months (95% CI, 1-12 months). only BCL-W associated with OS, a shorter median OS being observed for patients with higher expression (4 months vs not reached, p = 0.004). Conclusions: High expression of BCL-W associates with significantly worse outcome in patients with PTCL, NOS. While clinical trials investigating the safety and efficacy of BCL-2 inhibition in PTCL, NOS are ongoing, these results suggest that concomitant BCL-W inhibition may be beneficial, and functional studies aimed at confirming these findings are highly needed.
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Brindha, B., and M. Prashanthi Devi. "Landscape Heterogeneity mapping for Access to Tribal health care in Nilgiris District of Tamil Nadu, India." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-8 (November 27, 2014): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-8-177-2014.
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The Nilgiris district in Tamilnadu has a rich biodiversity in terms of flora, fauna and ethnic population. The district is basically a mountainous region, situated at an elevation of 2000 to 2,600 meters above MSL and constituting of several hill and Steep Mountain valleys. This region houses six tribes who are mainly forest dwellers and live in close settlements depending on the forest resources for their livelihood. The Tribes of Nilgiris have been diagnosed and monitored for Sickle cell Anemia which is a disease of major concern among these ethnic populations. This genetic disorder developed due to the sickling of Red Blood Cells has increased during the past few decades. The Tribes, as they live in close encounter with the forest regions and have strict social cultural barriers, face difficulty in availing treatment or counseling from the Sickle Cell Research Center (SCRC) and other NGOs like NAWA and AHWINI in the region. It was observed that many factors such as landscape terrain, climatic conditions and improper roads tend to hinder the access to appropriate health care. The SCRC in Gudalur region is a facility established to monitor the disease cases inspite of these influencing factors. On analyzing the year bound age wise classification among male and female patients, certain dropouts in cases were observed which may be due to inaccessible condition or migration of the patient. <br><br> In our study, Landscape heterogeneity mapping for different climatic seasons was done in ArcGIS 10.1. For this, contour and terrain maps, road networks and villages were prepared and factors that determine Terrain Difficulty were assessed. Vegetation mapping using IRS satellite images for the study region was attempted and associated with the landscape map. A risk analysis was proposed based on terrain difficulty and access to the nearest Health care Center. Based on this, the above factors alternate routes were suggested to access the difficult areas.
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Hamzelo, M., A. Gharagozlou, S. Sadeghian, S. H. Baikpour, and A. Rajabi. "MODELLING OF CARBON MONOXIDE AIR POLLUTION IN LARG CITIES BY EVALUETION OF SPECTRAL LANDSAT8 IMAGES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-1-W5 (December 11, 2015): 281–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-1-w5-281-2015.
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Air pollution in large cities is one of the major problems that resolve and reduce it need multiple applications and environmental management. Of The main sources of this pollution is industrial activities, urban and transport that enter large amounts of contaminants into the air and reduces its quality. With Variety of pollutants and high volume manufacturing, local distribution of manufacturing centers, Testing and measuring emissions is difficult. Substances such as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and unburned hydrocarbons and lead compounds are substances that cause air pollution and carbon monoxide is most important. Today, data exchange systems, processing, analysis and modeling is of important pillars of management system and air quality control. In this study, using the spectral signature of carbon monoxide gas as the most efficient gas pollution LANDSAT8 images in order that have better spatial resolution than appropriate spectral bands and weather meters،SAM classification algorithm and Geographic Information System (GIS ), spatial distribution of carbon monoxide gas in Tehran over a period of one year from the beginning of 2014 until the beginning of 2015 at 11 map have modeled and then to the model valuation ،created maps were compared with the map provided by the Tehran quality comparison air company. Compare involved plans did with the error matrix and results in 4 types of care; overall, producer, user and kappa coefficient was investigated. Results of average accuracy were about than 80%, which indicates the fit method and data used for modeling.
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Jay, S., R. Bendoula, X. Hadoux, and N. Gorretta. "MAPPING OF FOLIAR CONTENT USING RADIATIVE TRANSFER MODELING AND VIS-NIR HYPERSPECTRAL CLOSE-RANGE REMOTE-SENSING." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-3/W3 (August 20, 2015): 467–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-3-w3-467-2015.
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Most methods for retrieving foliar content from hyperspectral data are well adapted either to remote-sensing scale, for which each spectral measurement has a spatial resolution ranging from a few dozen centimeters to a few hundred meters, or to leaf scale, for which an integrating sphere is required to collect the spectral data. In this study, we present a method for estimating leaf optical properties from hyperspectral images having a spatial resolution of a few millimeters or centimeters. In presence of a single light source assumed to be directional, it is shown that leaf hyperspectral measurements can be related to the directional hemispherical reflectance simulated by the PROSPECT radiative transfer model using two other parameters. The first one is a multiplicative term that is related to local leaf angle and illumination zenith angle. The second parameter is an additive specular-related term that models BRDF effects. <br><br> Our model was tested on visible and near infrared hyperspectral images of leaves of various species, that were acquired under laboratory conditions. Introducing these two additional parameters into the inversion scheme leads to improved estimation results of PROSPECT parameters when compared to original PROSPECT. In particular, the RMSE for local chlorophyll content estimation was reduced by 21% (resp. 32%) when tested on leaves placed in horizontal (resp. sloping) position. Furthermore, inverting this model provides interesting information on local leaf angle, which is a crucial parameter in classical remote-sensing.
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Sheng, L., J. Bai, G. W. Zhou, Y. Zhao, and Y. C. Li. "Research on bathymetry estimation by Worldview-2 based with the semi-analytical model." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-7/W3 (April 30, 2015): 1305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-7-w3-1305-2015.
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South Sea Islands of China are far away from the mainland, the reefs takes more than 95% of south sea, and most reefs scatter over interested dispute sensitive area. Thus, the methods of obtaining the reefs bathymetry accurately are urgent to be developed. Common used method, including sonar, airborne laser and remote sensing estimation, are limited by the long distance, large area and sensitive location. Remote sensing data provides an effective way for bathymetry estimation without touching over large area, by the relationship between spectrum information and bathymetry. Aimed at the water quality of the south sea of China, our paper develops a bathymetry estimation method without measured water depth. Firstly the semi-analytical optimization model of the theoretical interpretation models has been studied based on the genetic algorithm to optimize the model. Meanwhile, OpenMP parallel computing algorithm has been introduced to greatly increase the speed of the semi-analytical optimization model. One island of south sea in China is selected as our study area, the measured water depth are used to evaluate the accuracy of bathymetry estimation from Worldview-2 multispectral images. The results show that: the semi-analytical optimization model based on genetic algorithm has good results in our study area;the accuracy of estimated bathymetry in the 0-20 meters shallow water area is accepted.Semi-analytical optimization model based on genetic algorithm solves the problem of the bathymetry estimation without water depth measurement. Generally, our paper provides a new bathymetry estimation method for the sensitive reefs far away from mainland.
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Fernández, T., J. L. Pérez, F. J. Cardenal, A. López, J. M. Gómez, C. Colomo, J. Delgado, and M. Sánchez. "USE OF A LIGHT UAV AND PHOTOGRAMMETRIC TECHNIQUES TO STUDY THE EVOLUTION OF A LANDSLIDE IN JAÉN (SOUTHERN SPAIN)." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-3/W3 (August 19, 2015): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-3-w3-241-2015.
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This paper presents a methodology for slope instability monitoring using photogrammetric techniques with very high resolution images from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). An unstable area located in La Guardia (Jaen, Southern Spain), where an active mud flow has been identified, was surveyed between 2012 and 2014 by means of four UAV flights. These surveys were also compared with those data from a previous conventional aerial photogrammetric and LiDAR survey. The UAV was an octocopter equipped with GPS, inertial units and a mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera. The flight height was 90 m, which allowed covering an area of about 250 x 100 m with a ground pixel size of 2.5 cm. The orientation of the UAV flights were carried out by means of ground control points measured with GPS, but the previous aerial photogrammetric/LiDAR flight was oriented by means of direct georeferencing with in flight positioning and inertial data, although some common ground control points were used to adjust all flights in the same reference system. The DSMs of all surveys were obtained by automatic image correlation and then the differential models were calculated, allowing estimate changes in the surface. At the same time, orthophotos were obtained so horizontal and vertical displacements between relevant points were registered. Significant displacements were observed between some campaigns (some centimeters on the vertical and meters on the horizontal). Finally, we have analyzed the relation of displacements to rainfalls in recent years in the area, finding a significant temporal correlation between the two variables.