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Academic literature on the topic 'Xren'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 24 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Xren"

1

Budennaya, Evgeniya, Kristina Litvintseva, and Anastasia Yakovleva. "God Knows How It Turns Out: On Three Constructions Including Bog ‘God’, Čert ‘Devil’ and Some Taboo Words in the Russian Language Over the Last Three Centuries." Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 74, no. 1 (2023): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jazcas-2023-0020.

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Abstract The constructions with the anchor [Noun-Nom Verb (meaning ‘to know’)] are very productive in Russian. In this article we show that variables such as Bog ‘God’, čert ‘devil’ and xer/xren ‘X/horseradish’ have some common patterns, as well as some shifts with exclusive patterns in semantics and constructionalization.

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2

Yuldasheva, Aziza Azamat qizi. "Yerqalampir o'simligining shifobaxsh xususiyatlari." CONFERENCE ON UNIVERSAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2023 1, no. 2 (2023): 82–84. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7615342.

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Ma‘lumki, o‘simlik maxsulotlari tarkibida har xir hayotbaxsh vitaminlar, oqsil, karbonsuvlar, ifor moylari, shuningdek,organizimning hayoti va faliyati uchunjuda zarur bo‘gan ma‘danlar,tuzlar va boshqa muhim biologik faol moddalar mavjud. Bo‘yoqdor ro‘yan o‘simligi ha shunday o‘simliklar qatoriga kiradi.

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3

Saatcioglu, F., D. J. Perry, D. S. Pasco, and J. B. Fagan. "Multiple DNA-binding factors interact with overlapping specificities at the aryl hydrocarbon response element of the cytochrome P450IA1 gene." Molecular and Cellular Biology 10, no. 12 (1990): 6408–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.10.12.6408-6416.1990.

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Three nuclear factors, the Ah receptor, XF1, and XF2, bind sequence specifically to the Ah response elements or xenobiotic response elements (XREs) of the cytochrome P450IA1 (P450c) gene. The interactions of these factors with the Ah response element XRE1 were compared by three independent methods, methylation interference footprinting, orthophenanthroline-Cu+ footprinting, and mobility shift competition experiments, using a series of synthetic oligonucleotides with systematic alterations in the XRE core sequence. These studies established the following (i) all three factors interact sequence specifically with the core sequence of XRE1; (ii) the pattern of contacts made with this sequence by the Ah receptor are different from those made by XF1 and XF2; and (iii) although XF1 and XF2 can be distinguished by the mobility shift assay, the sequence specificities of their interactions with XRE1 are indistinguishable. Further characterization revealed the following additional differences among these three factors: (i) XF1 and XF2 could be extracted from nuclei under conditions quite different from those required for extraction of the Ah receptor; (ii) XF1 and XF2 were present in the nuclei of untreated cells and did not respond to polycyclic compounds, such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and beta-napthoflavone, while nuclear Ah receptor was undetectable in untreated cells and rapidly increased in response to TCDD; (iii) inhibition of protein synthesis did not affect the TCDD-induced appearance of the Ah receptor but substantially decreased the constitutive activities of XF1 and XF2, suggesting that the Ah receptor must be present in untreated cells in an inactive form that can be rapidly activated by polycyclic compounds, while the constitutive expression of XF1 and XF2 depends on the continued synthesis of a relatively unstable protein; (iv) the receptor-deficient and nuclear translocation-defective mutants of the hepatoma cell line Hepa1, which are known to lack nuclear Ah receptor, expressed normal levels of XF1 and XF2, suggesting that the former factor is genetically distinct from the latter two; and (v) a divalent metal ion, probably Zn2+, is known to be an essential cofactor for the Ah receptor but was not required for the DNA-binding activities of XF1 and XF2. Together, these findings indicate that the Ah receptor is distinct from XF1 and XF2, while the latter two activities may be related. Because the DNA-binding domains of these three factors overlap substantially, their binding to XREs is probably mutually exclusive, which suggests that the interplay of these factors at Ah response elements may be important to the regulation of CYP1A1 gene transcription. The results of preliminary transfection experiments with constructs harboring XREs upstream of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene driven by a minimal simian virus 40 promoter are presented that are consistent with this hypothesis.

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4

Saatcioglu, F., D. J. Perry, D. S. Pasco, and J. B. Fagan. "Multiple DNA-binding factors interact with overlapping specificities at the aryl hydrocarbon response element of the cytochrome P450IA1 gene." Molecular and Cellular Biology 10, no. 12 (1990): 6408–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.10.12.6408.

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Three nuclear factors, the Ah receptor, XF1, and XF2, bind sequence specifically to the Ah response elements or xenobiotic response elements (XREs) of the cytochrome P450IA1 (P450c) gene. The interactions of these factors with the Ah response element XRE1 were compared by three independent methods, methylation interference footprinting, orthophenanthroline-Cu+ footprinting, and mobility shift competition experiments, using a series of synthetic oligonucleotides with systematic alterations in the XRE core sequence. These studies established the following (i) all three factors interact sequence specifically with the core sequence of XRE1; (ii) the pattern of contacts made with this sequence by the Ah receptor are different from those made by XF1 and XF2; and (iii) although XF1 and XF2 can be distinguished by the mobility shift assay, the sequence specificities of their interactions with XRE1 are indistinguishable. Further characterization revealed the following additional differences among these three factors: (i) XF1 and XF2 could be extracted from nuclei under conditions quite different from those required for extraction of the Ah receptor; (ii) XF1 and XF2 were present in the nuclei of untreated cells and did not respond to polycyclic compounds, such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and beta-napthoflavone, while nuclear Ah receptor was undetectable in untreated cells and rapidly increased in response to TCDD; (iii) inhibition of protein synthesis did not affect the TCDD-induced appearance of the Ah receptor but substantially decreased the constitutive activities of XF1 and XF2, suggesting that the Ah receptor must be present in untreated cells in an inactive form that can be rapidly activated by polycyclic compounds, while the constitutive expression of XF1 and XF2 depends on the continued synthesis of a relatively unstable protein; (iv) the receptor-deficient and nuclear translocation-defective mutants of the hepatoma cell line Hepa1, which are known to lack nuclear Ah receptor, expressed normal levels of XF1 and XF2, suggesting that the former factor is genetically distinct from the latter two; and (v) a divalent metal ion, probably Zn2+, is known to be an essential cofactor for the Ah receptor but was not required for the DNA-binding activities of XF1 and XF2. Together, these findings indicate that the Ah receptor is distinct from XF1 and XF2, while the latter two activities may be related. Because the DNA-binding domains of these three factors overlap substantially, their binding to XREs is probably mutually exclusive, which suggests that the interplay of these factors at Ah response elements may be important to the regulation of CYP1A1 gene transcription. The results of preliminary transfection experiments with constructs harboring XREs upstream of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene driven by a minimal simian virus 40 promoter are presented that are consistent with this hypothesis.

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5

Watson, A. J., K. I. Weir-Brown, R. M. Bannister, et al. "Mechanism of action of a repressor of dioxin-dependent induction of Cyp1a1 gene transcription." Molecular and Cellular Biology 12, no. 5 (1992): 2115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.12.5.2115-2123.1992.

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A dominant mutant of Hepa-1 cells, c31, expresses a repressor that prevents 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-dependent stimulation of Cyp1a1 transcription. The repressor acts via the xenobiotic-responsive elements (XREs), which are the DNA-binding sites for the aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor-TCDD complex during transcriptional activation of the gene. High-salt nuclear extracts prepared from c31 cells grown with TCDD contained normal levels of the Ah receptor which bound the XRE with normal affinity, as judged by in vitro gel mobility shift assays. Furthermore, extracts prepared from these cells, grown either with or without TCDD, contained no novel XRE-binding proteins compared with extracts from wild-type Hepa-1 cells. However, in vivo genomic footprinting demonstrated that TCDD treatment leads to binding of the Ah receptor to the XREs in Hepa-1 but not mutant cells. This finding suggests that the repressor associates with the Ah receptor to prevent its binding to the XREs and that high-salt treatment either causes dissociation of the receptor/repressor complex or fails to extract the repressor from nuclei. The results underscore the importance of using both in vivo and in vitro assays for analyzing DNA-protein interactions.

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Watson, A. J., K. I. Weir-Brown, R. M. Bannister, et al. "Mechanism of action of a repressor of dioxin-dependent induction of Cyp1a1 gene transcription." Molecular and Cellular Biology 12, no. 5 (1992): 2115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.12.5.2115.

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A dominant mutant of Hepa-1 cells, c31, expresses a repressor that prevents 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-dependent stimulation of Cyp1a1 transcription. The repressor acts via the xenobiotic-responsive elements (XREs), which are the DNA-binding sites for the aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor-TCDD complex during transcriptional activation of the gene. High-salt nuclear extracts prepared from c31 cells grown with TCDD contained normal levels of the Ah receptor which bound the XRE with normal affinity, as judged by in vitro gel mobility shift assays. Furthermore, extracts prepared from these cells, grown either with or without TCDD, contained no novel XRE-binding proteins compared with extracts from wild-type Hepa-1 cells. However, in vivo genomic footprinting demonstrated that TCDD treatment leads to binding of the Ah receptor to the XREs in Hepa-1 but not mutant cells. This finding suggests that the repressor associates with the Ah receptor to prevent its binding to the XREs and that high-salt treatment either causes dissociation of the receptor/repressor complex or fails to extract the repressor from nuclei. The results underscore the importance of using both in vivo and in vitro assays for analyzing DNA-protein interactions.

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7

Wang, Xiao, Tong Yu, Ming Zeng, and Patrick Tague. "XRec." Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 1, no. 3 (2017): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3130975.

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Gruber, Thomas. "XREF." ACM SIGPLAN Lisp Pointers 1, no. 1 (1987): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1862396.1862397.

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Gouédard, Cédric, Robert Barouki, and Yannick Morel. "Dietary Polyphenols Increase Paraoxonase 1 Gene Expression by an Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Dependent Mechanism." Molecular and Cellular Biology 24, no. 12 (2004): 5209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.24.12.5209-5222.2004.

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ABSTRACT Human paraoxonase 1 (PON-1) is a serum high-density lipoprotein-associated enzyme mainly secreted by the liver. It has endogenous and exogenous substrates and displays protective properties with respect to cardiovascular disease and organophosphate intoxication. In the HuH7 human hepatoma cell line, PON-1 activity and mRNA levels were increased by dietary polyphenolic compounds such as quercetin but also by toxic ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) such as 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC). However, the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorobenzo(p)dioxin (TCDD) was a poor inducer. Transient and stable transfection assays indicated that these compounds increased the PON-1 gene promoter activity in an AhR-dependent manner, since their effect was inhibited by 7-keto-cholesterol and AhR-directed short interfering RNA. Deletions and mutations studies showed that a xenobiotic responsive element (XRE)-like sequence within the PON-1 promoter mediated the effect of 3-MC and quercetin. In contrast with consensus XREs from the cytochrome P450 1A1 gene, the PON-1 XRE-like element mediated preferentially the effect of quercetin compared to the results seen with TCDD. Furthermore, AhR binding to this element was preferentially activated by quercetin. These observations provide a molecular mechanism for the regulation of the cardioprotective enzyme PON-1 by polyphenols. They suggest also that AhR ligands may differentially regulate gene expression depending on the DNA target sequence.

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Zhang, Minghui, Jianbin Xiao, and Mingliang Fang. "Entire functions that share a small function with their linear difference polynomial." AIMS Mathematics 7, no. 3 (2021): 3731–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/math.2022207.

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<abstract><p>In this paper, we investigate the uniqueness of an entire function sharing a small function with its linear difference polynomial. Our results improve some results due to Li and Yi <sup>[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b11">11</xref>]</sup>, Zhang, Chen and Huang <sup>[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b17">17</xref>]</sup>, Zhang, Kang and Liao <sup>[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b18">18</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b19">19</xref>]</sup> etc.</p></abstract>

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Xren"

1

Perry, Stewart Charles. "X-ray scattering studies of rare earth and actinide antiferromagnets." Thesis, Keele University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388874.

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Tshabalala, Kamohelo George. "Electrical resistivity of the kondo systems (Ce1−xREx)In3, RE = Gd, Tb, Dy AND Ce(Pt1−xNix)Si2." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3789.

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>Magister Scientiae - MSc<br>The present study investigates the strength of the hybridization by substituting Ce atom in Kondo lattice CeIn3 with Gd, Tb, and Dy and by changing the chemical environment around the Ce atom in substituting Pt with Ni in CePtSi2. This thesis covers four chapters outline as follows: Chapter 1 introduces the theoretical background in rare earths elements, and an overview of the physics of heavy-fermion and Kondo systems. Chapter 2 presents the experimental details used in this thesis. Chapter 3 report the effect of substituting Ce with moment bearing rare-earth elements RE = Gd, Tb and Dy in CeIn3, through x-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrical resistivity measurements

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Roessner, Lisa Charlotte [Verfasser], and O. [Akademischer Betreuer] Kagan. "Dignitätskriterien der Mammasonographie unter Anwendung des Real-Time Compound-Images in Kombination mit dem XRES Adaptive Image Processing / Lisa Charlotte Roessner ; Betreuer: O. Kagan." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1161464581/34.

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Sayson, Steven Gobinsing. "Investigation of Exoribonuclease-1 function in regulation of stem cells during planarian regeneration." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1454426814.

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Trouillon, Julian. "Etude des réseaux de régulation chez Pseudomonas aeruginosa Transcription inhibitors with XRE DNA-binding and cupin signal-sensing domains drive metabolic diversification in Pseudomonas cAMP and Vfr Control Exolysin Expression and Cytotoxicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Taxonomic Outliers." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. https://thares.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/2020GRALV027.pdf.

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa est un pathogène opportuniste pour l’humain et une des premières causes d’infections nosocomiales. Cette bactérie Gram-négative possède un des réseaux de régulation les plus complexes, ce qui lui permet de s’adapter à un grand nombre d’environnements différents. Durant cette thèse, différents aspects de la régulation chez P. aeruginosa ont été investigués. Un nouveau facteur de transcription (FT), ErfA, a été identifié comme impliqué dans la régulation de la virulence dépendante d’ExlBA dans le groupe phylogénétique des souches PA7-like de P. aeruginosa. L’étude de la régulation d’exlBA dans plusieurs espèces de Pseudomonas a révélé une diversité de mécanismes de régulation pour ce facteur de virulence due à des différences de séquences régulatrices dans les promoteurs, ce qui illustre un mécanisme d’évolution de la régulation entre espèce proches. La diversité de promoteurs a été étudiée à l’échelle du génome et s’est révélée être relativement commune parmi tous les gènes. De plus, la caractérisation de tous les régulateurs qui possèdent la même architecture protéique que ErfA a permis d’identifier ces FTs comme des régulateurs locaux et spécialisés dans l’inhibition de voies métaboliques. Pour aller plus loin dans l’exploration de la régulation transcriptionnelle, la détermination des régulons de tous les régulateurs de réponses qui sont des FTs a permis la définition du réseau de régulation des systèmes à deux composantes, qui comprend plus de la moitié des gènes de P. aeruginosa. Enfin, l’étude de la régulation post-transcriptionnelle au travers de la caractérisation des interactomes de Hfq dans trois phases de croissance de différentes souches a permis d’identifier de nombreuses nouvelles interactions régulatrices communes ou spécifiques<br>Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen and a leading cause of nosocomial infections. This Gram-negative bacterium possesses one of the most complex regulatory networks, which allows it to sense and adapt to a wide variety of environmental conditions. In this work, several aspects of P. aeruginosa regulation were investigated. A new transcription factor (TF), ErfA, was found involved in the regulation of the ExlBA-dependent virulence in the PA7-like lineage of P. aeruginosa strains. The study of exlBA regulation in several Pseudomonas species revealed a diversity of regulatory mechanisms for this virulence factor due to differences in promoter cis-regulatory elements, which illustrated a mechanism of regulatory network evolution between closely related species. This type of promoter diversity was further investigated at a genome-wide scale and was found to be very common across all genes. Additionally, the characterization of all regulators sharing ErfA domain architecture allowed the definition of this family of TFs as comprising local, specialized regulators involved in the inhibition of small metabolic pathways. To go further into P. aeruginosa transcriptional regulation, the genome-wide determination of the regulons of all DNA-binding response regulators allowed the delineation of the two-component systems regulatory network, which comprises more than half of all genes of the bacterium. Finally, the investigation of post-transcriptional regulation through the comparative determination of RNA interactomes of Hfq between strains and growth phases identified numerous new common or specific regulatory interactions

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ZeRuth, Gary T. "Isolation and Functional Characterization of a Dioxin-Inducible CYP1A Regulatory Region From Zebrafish (Danio rerio)." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002447.

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Sardar, Moumita Arun Kumar. "Functional characterization of a new enzymatic activity of the ‘miRNase’-XRN-2 from Caenorhabditis elegans." Thesis, 2021. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/5220.

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Ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules play a central role in every pivotal process in the cell, and ribonucleases (RNases) are critical for their biogenesis, processing, and degradation. Therefore, RNases are indispensable for cellular RNA homeostasis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, small non-coding RNAs that extensively regulate gene expression in eukaryotes. Any alteration in their expression profiles, as well as their steady-state levels, may lead to several pathological conditions, notably neurological disorders and cancer. Therefore, regulation of the levels of these regulators is of utmost importance. While the events leading to the biogenesis of a mature, functional miRNA are well lineated, little is known about the turnover pathways responsible for the maintenance of the functional levels of these RNAs. Recent research in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), identified and characterized a multiprotein miRNA turnover complex, miRNasome-1. This biological machine is composed of four subunits (XRN-2, PAXT-1, NOL-58, B0024.11/ miRNasome-1.4), and it displays a dual mode of action on the substrate miRNAs in in vitro assays. The researchers also reported a previously unknown endoribonuclease activity of the fundamentally important enzyme, XRN-2, and surprisingly, this activity was found to be much more efficacious on the miRNAs than the previously known exoribonuclease activity. It was shown that miRNasome-1 residing XRN-2’s activity and specificity is governed by two of the newly identified members. The RNA-binding receptor component of the complex, NOL-58, was not only found to be crucial for worm development but also conferred in vivo substrate specificity to the complex, which corroborated with that of the complex’s activity, in vitro. The researchers demonstrated that miRNasome-1 residing XRN-2 cleaves the substrate through an endoribonucleolytic mode at low substrate concentrations, in the absence of ATP. In the presence of ATP, miRNasome-1.4 binds ATP and exerts an inhibitory effect on this endoribonuclease activity. Whereas, at optimal miRNA concentration, NOL-58 binds miRNA and stimulates ATP hydrolysis by miRNasome-1.4 through conformational changes, and the energy is utilized towards the transfer of the miRNA to the ‘miRNase-XRN-2’ for its exoribonucleolysis. Thus, miRNasome-1.4, allowed the complex to switch between two alternative mechanisms of turnover (energy-independent endoribonucleolysis vs energy-dependent exoribonucleolysis). This study clearly demonstrated that the ‘miRNase’ XRN-2, the core protein of miRNasome-1, which was previously known only as an exoribonuclease, harbours a previously unknown, energy-independent endoribonuclease activity. XRN-2 is a nuclear-localized ribonuclease that is indispensable in all organisms as its deficiency leads to severe developmental defects. It is known to play imperative roles in both maturation and turnover of a cohort of significant RNAs, such as ribosomal RNA, snoRNA, tRNA, etc. It is also known to function in specialized processes integral to RNA metabolism, like transcription termination and gene silencing. Since, all these deductions were through genetic screens and most notably, did not involve a null mutant for the exoribonuclease activity, it is ambiguous whether these roles can be exclusively assigned to the already characterized exoribonuclease activity. In this study, I report the functional characterization of this novel endoribonuclease activity of XRN-2 in C. elegans. I show that the endoribonuclease active site is formed by five negatively charged amino acid residues, in comparison to the two invariant aspartates of the exoribonuclease active site. Further, it was found that XRN-2 undergoes a significant conformational change upon substrate binding to assemble the active site. I could demonstrate the in vivo importance of this highly efficacious activity in the energy deficient, alternate life stage of the worms called dauer stage. Perturbation of the endoribonuclease activity of XRN-2 in the dauers leads to severe alterations in the steady-state levels of miRNAs, which ultimately leads to the fall of these otherwise sturdy organisms. However, it does not affect the miRNA homeostasis in the continuous life cycle of the worms, where the exoribonuclease activity, in all likelihood, performs the task of miRNA turnover. Moreover, this study also reveals the role of this novel activity in the biogenesis and maturation of the fundamentally important ribosomal RNAs, thus, signifying that further study of this endoribonuclease activity can bring about a major change in the holistic view of RNA metabolism.

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Crisp, Peter Alexander. "Balancing the messages: RNA metabolism mediates stress-signaling and recovery in plants." Phd thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/104834.

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Key to the success of plants is their ability to co-ordinate timely responses to stressful environments using intricate intracellular signaling mechanisms. Most, if not all stress signaling cascades register in the nucleus and trigger transcriptional changes that are fundamental for acclimation to stress. Over the last decade it has also become apparent that chloroplasts operate as sensors of prevailing environmental conditions, perceiving abiotic stress and orchestrating the remodelling of the nuclear transcriptome. Nevertheless, these retrograde signals may also have roles beyond bilateral chloroplast-to-nucleus communication when considered in the context of the broader complexity of a cell. Accordingly, identifying the signaling mechanisms and understanding how intracellular signals are translated into expression changes is essential. Throughout a plant’s life history, stress also alters subsequent plant responses. As a result, the prospect of epigenetic memory is an evocative subject with exciting research and agronomic possibilities. Yet the more common strategy employed by plants is likely to be recovery and resetting, underpinned by post transcriptional processes and RNA metabolism. This thesis demonstrates the existence of the ’SAL1-PAP-XRN’ retrograde signaling pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis), providing mechanistic insight into the functions of retrograde signaling during stress. Key to this model is the discovery that the signal is transmitted and interpreted via the nucleotide 3’-phosphoadenosine 5’-phosphate (PAP) and the 5’-3’ exoribonucleases (XRNs) respectively. Evidence that key changes in gene expression are mediated by regulation of RNA Polymerase II read-through and activation of downstream genes is also presented, contributing to our understanding of the transmission and specificity of the PAP signal. Beyond a linear retrograde signaling pathway, it is also demonstrated that PAP-signaling is entwined with other components in the complex networks of the eukaryotic cell. In particular, PAP and the XRNs can regulate stomatal responsiveness and in turn drought tolerance, raising the prospect that PAP is a secondary messenger. Indeed, independent of the XRNs, novel PAP binding proteins are identified including NDPKs, CATs and SOS2 implicating PAP in the regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), ABA signaling and cellular energy homeostasis. Characterisation of the PAP-XRN regulon highlights to the importance of RNA metabolism in regulating stress responses, raising questions about how cells recover from stress and the contribution of RNA metabolism and post transcriptional processes. It is argued that elucidating the mechanisms of stress recovery is essential for a complete understanding of stress signaling, tolerance and memory. Consequently, Rapid Recovery Gene Silencing (RRGS) is presented as a new mechanism promoting stress recovery. Consistent with this hypothesis, transcripts are turned-over incredibly fast during stress and recovery establishing RRGS as a prevalent phenomenon in Arabidopsis. The generation of the RRGS time course data set establishes a resource for further investigations into how plants balance recovery and memory at the molecular level, comprising comprehensive profiles of the transcriptome, degradome, sRNAome and DNA methylome.

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Books on the topic "Xren"

1

Hoàng, Thanh. Nghue thuuat xrep giray origami: 40 mnau xrep hình mwoi nhrat. NXB Phụ nzu, 2002.

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Aytüre-Scheele, Zülal. Nghue thuuat xrep giray Nhuat Bkan origami. NXB Mỹ thuuat, 2003.

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Lê, Xuân Nhị. Xrep Al Capone: Titeu thuyret xã huoi Mafia Hoa Kỳ. Xuân Lê, 1990.

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Tạ, Tỵ. Mưxoi khuôn mqat văn nghue hôm nay: Xrep thwu tvu theo năm sinh. Xuân Thu, 1991.

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Drake, Randy, and Ellen Drake. Saunders Pharmaceutical XREF Book, 2000. W.B. Saunders Company, 2000.

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Drake, Randy Drake, Ellen, and Ellen Drake. Saunders Pharmaceutical XRef Book, 2002. W.B. Saunders Company, 2002.

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Xred Activity Bks 1&2 Elc Special. Letterland International, 1995.

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Drake, Randy Drake, and Ellen Drake. Pharmaceutical Word Book 2001 + Pharmaceutical XREF 2001. W.B. Saunders Company, 2001.

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Tình dục lúc bóng xre, chiseu tà. NXB Phụ nzu, 2006.

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Drake, Randy, and Ellen Drake. Saunders Pharmaceutical Word Book 2003/Saunders Pharmaceutical Xref Book 2003. W.B. Saunders Company, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Xren"

1

Sondermann, Horst. "Modelle Zusammenfügen Mit Xref." In Cinema 4D® · Tipps und Tricks für die Architekturvisualisierung. Springer Vienna, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0188-9_32.

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Ikram, Naveed, and Sonia Naz. "Extreme Requirements Engineering (XRE)." In Requirements Engineering in the Big Data Era. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48634-4_7.

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Curtis, Nathan, Rei Safavi-Naini, and Willy Susilo. "X2Rep: Enhanced Trust Semantics for the XRep Protocol." In Applied Cryptography and Network Security. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24852-1_15.

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Zirngiebl, E., J. D. Thompson, J. L. Smith, and Z. Fisk. "Normal State Magnetic Behavior of (U1−xREX)BE13 Pseudobinaries." In Theoretical and Experimental Aspects of Valence Fluctuations and Heavy Fermions. Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0947-5_41.

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Tomy, C. V., J. V. Yakhmi, A. M. Umarji, L. C. Gupta, and R. Vijayaraghavan. "The Role of Re in the Magnetic Properties of U(Fe1−xRex)2." In Theoretical and Experimental Aspects of Valence Fluctuations and Heavy Fermions. Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0947-5_48.

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Elazab, Fatma, Alia El Bolock, Cornelia Herbert, and Slim Abdennadher. "XReC: Towards a Generic Module-Based Framework for Explainable Recommendation Based on Character." In Highlights in Practical Applications of Agents, Multi-Agent Systems, and Social Good. The PAAMS Collection. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85710-3_2.

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"XREF." In Encyclopedia of Genetics, Genomics, Proteomics and Informatics. Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6754-9_18284.

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"Chapter 22: External Referencing (XREF)." In AutoCAD 2025 Beginning and Intermediate. De Gruyter, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781501520464-025.

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"Chapter 22 External Referencing (XREF)." In AutoCAD 2021 Beginning and Intermediate. De Gruyter, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781683925200-024.

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"Chapter 22 External Referencing (XREF)." In AutoCAD 2019 Beginning and Intermediate. De Gruyter, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781683922599-024.

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Conference papers on the topic "Xren"

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Ma, Qiyao, Xubin Ren, and Chao Huang. "XRec: Large Language Models for Explainable Recommendation." In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2024. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.findings-emnlp.22.

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Hasany, Syed Nouman, Caroline Petitjean, and Fabrice Mériaudeau. "Seg-XRes-CAM: Explaining Spatially Local Regions in Image Segmentation." In 2023 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvprw59228.2023.00384.

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Baker, Chris L., and Parag Batavia. "BLAST: BANDWIDTH AND LATENCY-SCALABLE TELEOPERATION<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn"><sup>1</sup></xref>." In 2024 NDIA Michigan Chapter Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium. National Defense Industrial Association, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-01-3620.

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<title>ABSTRACT</title> <p>This paper describes an approach to aid the many military unmanned ground vehicles which are still teleoperated using a wireless Operator Control Unit (OCU). Our approach provides reliable control over long-distance, highly-latent, low-bandwidth communication links. The innovation in our approach allows refinement of the vehicle’s planned trajectory at any point in time along the path. Our approach uses hand-gestures to provide intuitive fast path editing options, avoiding traditional keyboard/mouse inputs which can be cumbersome for this application. Our local reactive planner is used for vehicle safeguarding. Using this approach, we have performed successful teleoperation nearly 1500 miles away over a cellular-based communications channel. We also discuss results from our user-tests which have evaluated our innovative controller approach with more traditional teleoperation over highly-latent communication links.</p>

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AbdulNour, Bashar, Andrew Pokoyoway, and Bassem Ramadan. "REVIEW AND DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRONIC COOLING TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATION GUIDE<sup><xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1">1</xref></sup>." In 2024 NDIA Michigan Chapter Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium. National Defense Industrial Association, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-01-3174.

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<title>ABSTRACT</title> <p>The cooling load required to cool power electronics in modern combat vehicles is continuously increasing due to the rise of power consumption and the high thermal load of current theaters of operation. Advances in semiconductor technology have led to increased power dissipation from electronic chips while reducing their size. This has resulted in increased demand to remove the heat from these chips in order to prevent them from overheating leading to failure. In many circumstances, electronics cooling is provided through enhanced ventilation or air-handling units of the vehicle interior. However, the military has unique requirements for achieving thermal management of electronic devices such as Line Replaceable Units (LRUs). Some of these requirements include low weight, high efficiency, and reliability. Therefore, it is important that critical electronics be cooled effectively using conventional and/or advanced cooling technologies.</p> <p>The primary objective of this work is to develop a Line Replaceable Unit Cooling Technology (LRUCT) summary database and application guide of current and future cooling technologies, and to assess readiness level of each technology, location/situation to be used, and characteristics. The guide will allow rapid development of LRU cooling concepts and to assist in the evaluation of the different cooling methods that best fit a specific application; thus, supporting system and subsystem level selection and LRU designs.</p>

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Wu, Bingyang, Kun Qian, Bo Li, et al. "XRON: A Hybrid Elastic Cloud Overlay Network for Video Conferencing at Planetary Scale." In ACM SIGCOMM '23: ACM SIGCOMM 2023 Conference. ACM, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3603269.3604845.

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Park, S., M. Kokkolaras, A. Malikopoulos, B. AbdulNour, J. Sedarous, and D. Jung. "THERMAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION FOR HEAVY HYBRID ELECTRIC MILITARY VEHICLES<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn"><sup>1</sup></xref>." In 2024 NDIA Michigan Chapter Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium. National Defense Industrial Association, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-01-3194.

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<title>ABSTRACT</title> <p>A thermodynamics-based Vehicle Thermal Management System (VTMS) model for a heavy-duty, off-road vehicle with a series hybrid electric powertrain is developed to analyze the thermal behavior of the powertrain system and investigate the power consumption under different vehicle driving conditions. The simulation approach consists of two steps: first, a Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle (SHEV) powertrain is modeled; the output data of the powertrain system simulation are then fed into a cooling system model to provide the operating conditions of the powertrain components.</p> <p>Guidelines for VTMS configuration was developed based on the vehicle simulation results and the operating conditions of powertrain components. Based on the guidelines, a VTMS configuration for the hybrid vehicle was created and used for designs of experiments to identify the factors that affect the performance and power consumption of each cooling system. Design space exploration techniques are then applied to investigate trade-offs and determine near-optimal size of components such that power consumed by fans and pumps is minimized. Finally, gradient-based optimization is used to fine-tune the component sizing subject to performance and geometry constraints. The cooling system design study demonstrates that the configuration and sizing of an SHEV cooling system is different from that of a conventional cooling system because of additional heat sources, increased complexity of component operations and interactions, and the dependency of parasitic power consumption on driving modes.</p>

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Ruan, Yeefeng, Paramsothy Jayakumar, Kenneth Leiter, and Jaroslaw Knap. "A COMPUTATIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR SCALE-BRIDGING IN MULTI-SCALE OFF-ROAD MOBILITY SIMULATIONS." In 2024 NDIA Michigan Chapter Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium. National Defense Industrial Association, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-01-3844.

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<title>ABSTRACT</title> <p>The mobility performance of off-road vehicles involves the interaction between the vehicle tires and soil that requires more advanced and robust simulation methods to accurately model [<xref rid="R4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>]. The finite element method (FEM) [<xref rid="R6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>][<xref rid="R7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>][<xref rid="R8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>][<xref rid="R9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>] can be a good approach to compute deformations of the tire and soil, but analytical constitutive models of soil used in FEM typically lack accuracy, for example in problems involving large deformations. Discrete element method (DEM) [<xref rid="R12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref>][<xref rid="R13" ref-type="bibr">13</xref>][<xref rid="R14" ref-type="bibr">14</xref>] is a more accurate approach to capture the soil constitutive features, but for the simulations of a large ground vehicle traversing over deformable terrain, the current DEM methods require modeling of soil particles at a size too large to be real, and the simulation times are prohibitively large. It is proposed in this work to develop a multi-scale FEM-DEM deformable terrain model for physics-based off-road mobility simulation to facilitate a cross-scale understanding of granular material behavior that benefits from the strengths of both FEM and DEM methods. In this article, a hierarchical multi-scale (HMS) computational framework is used to develop a hybrid parallel computational model for off-road mobility tire-soil interaction problems on high performance computer (HPC) systems. The HMS computational multi-scale framework for scale-bridging was first proposed and developed by Knap et al [<xref rid="R1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>] at CCDC US Army Research Laboratory. The HMS framework is capable of fully asynchronous operation to enable seamless combination of sub-models into highly dynamic hierarchies to form a multi-scale model and has been successfully used to develop many multi-scale applications. In this work, the HMS framework is utilized to develop a multi-scale model of tire-soil interaction consisting of an FEM upper-scale model and DEM lower-scale model. The simulation results demonstrate the proposed FEM-DEM multi-scale method with HMS framework to be fast, accurate and robust for tire-soil interaction mobility simulations.</p>

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Chaudhary, Jay Kant, Atul Kumar, Jens Bartelt, and Gerhard Fettweis. "C-RAN Employing xRAN Functional Split: Complexity Analysis for 5G NR Remote Radio Unit." In 2019 European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eucnc.2019.8801953.

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Lagier, Fabien. "COMPOSITE RUBBER TRACK (CRT) FOR ROBOTIC & AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS (RAS)." In 2024 NDIA Michigan Chapter Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium. National Defense Industrial Association, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-01-3787.

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<title>ABSTRACT</title> <p>Militaries worldwide are increasing their Research and Development (R&amp;D) into RAS. Within the next 10 – 15 years RAS will play an active part in operations as the future battlefield becomes more complex. CRT technology can significantly reduce platform weight, fuel consumption, noise and vibration levels<sup>[<xref rid="R1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>][<xref rid="R2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>][<xref rid="R3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>]</sup>. Armies and vehicle manufacturers have initiated a series of independent trials that confirmed the benefits and reliability of CRT on a tracked military vehicle. With the increase in RAS technologies comes a desire to utilize the proven benefits identified from manned platforms. The author’s objective is to highlight the findings of these trials<sup>[<xref rid="R1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>][<xref rid="R2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>][<xref rid="R3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>]</sup> and provide substantiated data on how CRT technology can benefit RAS in terms of weight saving, whilst reducing maintenance and vibration.</p> <p><bold>Citation:</bold> Fabien Lagier, Ing. MBA, “Composite Rubber Track (CRT) for Robotic &amp; Autonomous System (RAS)”, In <italic>Proceedings of the Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium</italic> (GVSETS), NDIA, Novi, MI, Aug. 13-15, 2019.</p>

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Yamashita, Toshiki, Tomoaki Kodama, Yasuhiro Honda, Toshio Otaka, and Yuji Mizutani. "A Study on the Design and Manufacturing for Student Formula Japan Vehicle - Especially, Chassis of Student Formula Japan Vehicle -." In JSAE/SAE 2015 Small Engine Technologies Conference & Exhibition. Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2015-32-0829.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The main purpose of Formula SAE Competition (hereafter called “FSAE”, “Formula Society of Automotive Engineering”) is to let students learn the basic ability necessary for engineers through design, fabrication and test projects. Higher running performance of a manufactured vehicle is one of the most important themes that should be studied in Student Formula Japan Competition (hereafter called SFJ Competition). Also, SFJ Competition is the series of the FSAE. the purpose of this study, the chassis must be required light weighting and high stiffness. The former can reduce the centrifugal force and the inertial force in the turning and the latter can contribute to demonstrate the suspension performance according to design [<span class="xref">1</span>], [<span class="xref">2</span>], [<span class="xref">3</span>], [<span class="xref">4</span>]. The SFJ Competition has Skid Pad event to compete for steerage responsiveness and high suspension performance on turning. The balance of the highly performed engine and chassis requires to keep high running performance of competition vehicle [<span class="xref">5</span>],[<span class="xref">6</span>]. Additionally, it is necessary for improvement of the drivability to not only improve the engine torque in the low engine speed range, but also to improve the suspension performance infer the unsteady conditions such as slalom and acceleration at corner exit. This study refers to designing and manufacturing a competition vehicle for SFJ Competition with higher torsional rigid and bending rigid chassis and high speed running performance [<span class="xref">7</span>], [<span class="xref">8</span>], [<span class="xref">9</span>], [<span class="xref">10</span>], [<span class="xref">11</span>], [<span class="xref">12</span>], [<span class="xref">13</span>], [<span class="xref">14</span>], [<span class="xref">15</span>], [<span class="xref">16</span>], [<span class="xref">17</span>], [<span class="xref">18</span>], [<span class="xref">19</span>], [<span class="xref">20</span>]. I perform light weighting and a design, the production of the chassis of high-stiffness SFJ Competition vehicle and weigh the design level against an actual machine run examination. In this study, we investigated the differences between the design values and the test results by a vehicle with the chassis of light weighting and high-rigidity SFJ Competition [<span class="xref">17</span>], [<span class="xref">18</span>], [<span class="xref">19</span>], [<span class="xref">20</span>]. As the summary, <ol class="list nostyle"><li class="list-item"><span class="li-label">[1]</span><div class="htmlview paragraph">The rigid improvement of the chassis with big driver space reducing chassis rigidity is a chassis concept of this study. The improvement of the torsion rigidity and the bending rigidity of the chassis was confirmed by both results of the numerical computation and the experiments.</div></li><li class="list-item"><span class="li-label">[2]</span><div class="htmlview paragraph">The change of the camber angle at every each steering angle under the conditions of the vamping, bounding and a rolling can be controlled by the wheel alignments of suspension geometries decided in this study.</div></li><li class="list-item"><span class="li-label">[3]</span><div class="htmlview paragraph">A suspension system, steering system and brake system can be manufactured by the comparison between data obtained from the run experiments and design data in order to aim a high rank in the SFJ Competition.</div></li></ol></div></div>

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Reports on the topic "Xren"

1

Rhoades, C. E. Jr. Understanding large software systems with the utility XREG. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6274762.

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