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Journal articles on the topic 'XRF data'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Bortolotti, M., L. Lutterotti, and G. Pepponi. "Combining XRD and XRF analysis in one Rietveld-like fitting." Powder Diffraction 32, S1 (April 18, 2017): S225—S230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715617000276.

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X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) are widely used analytical techniques for materials characterization; the information they provide can be considered complementary, as the former is mostly used to obtain crystallographic information and analyze phase content, whereas the latter is sensitive to elemental composition. Many researchers and technologists working in a variety of application fields already use them together in some sort of a “combined” approach, by separately performing XRD and XRF data collection and analysis on the same sample and then comparing the analytical results obtained to integrate and complement the respective analytical information. In this work, we propose a true combined approach to merge both XRD and XRF data acquisition and analysis. Custom analytical X-ray instrumentation has been developed to perform the simultaneous data acquisition, by using a single X-ray source and dedicated detectors to collect the diffracted and fluorescent X-ray photons from the same sample volume. Additionally, a combined XRD/XRF data analysis methodology has been implemented by extending Rietveld based code to incorporate the full pattern fitting of XRF spectra starting from the phases instead of a simple matrix elemental composition. We report two analytical examples from different application fields to better illustrate the capabilities of the proposed approach.
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2

Mantler, Michael. "Software for XRF." Advances in X-ray Analysis 37 (1993): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800015469.

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As in other fields of spectroscopy, software for x-ray fluorescent analysis has to assist the user in instrument control, raw data refinement, qualitative interpretation of spectral data, and computations for obtaining quantitative results. From a historical point of view, instrument automation and data evaluation routines tor large numbers of samples have been a most important incentive for the introduction of computers into x-ray analysis.
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3

Bortolotti, M., L. Lutterotti, E. Borovin, and D. Martorelli. "Combined XRD-XRF cluster analysis for automatic chemical and crystallographic surface mappings." Powder Diffraction 34, S1 (May 3, 2019): S36—S41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715619000216.

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X-ray diffraction-X-ray fluorescence (XRD-XRF) data sets obtained from surface scans of synthetic samples have been analysed by means of different data clustering algorithms, with the aim to propose a methodology for automatic crystallographic and chemical classification of surfaces. Three data clustering strategies have been evaluated, namely hierarchical, k-means, and density-based clustering; all of them have been applied to the distance matrix calculated from the single XRD and XRF data sets as well as the combined distance matrix. Classification performance is reported for each strategy both in numerical form as the corrected Rand index and as a visual reconstruction of the surface maps. Hierarchical and k-means clustering offered comparable results, depending on both sample complexity and data quality. When applied to XRF data collected on a two-phases test sample, both algorithms allowed to obtain Rand index values above 0.8, whereas XRD data collected on the same sample gave values around 0.5; application to the combined distance matrix improved the correlation to about 0.9. In the case of a more complex multi-phase sample, it has also been found that classification performance strongly depends on both data quality and signal contrast between different regions; again, the adoption of the combined dissimilarity matrix offered improved classification performance.
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Fernandez, J. E. "XRFPC: A Program and Data Base for XRF Computations." Advances in X-ray Analysis 33 (1989): 567–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800020024.

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XRF intensity computations, for polychromatic x-ray sources and multicomponent samples, need a high number of low speed floating-point operations, making them a hard bone for any computer. The evaluations of the Intensity expression require the computation of complex attenuation coefficients. They involve also a spread quantity of atomic data for a high number of elements. And the users need to insert additional information on the experiment, like the excitation-detection geometry or the x-ray tube spectrum, interactively. Personal computers are an optimum target for this kind of application mainly due to the low cost of the computation time and the possibility to display high-resolution graphics. Moreover the increasing power of microprocessors makes it possible to attack hard computations like this on a PC.
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5

Rokosz, M. J., and B. E. Artz. "A Universal Data Base Approach For Quantitative WDXRF Analysis With General Purpose Data Acquisition Algorithms." Advances in X-ray Analysis 29 (1985): 477–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800010600.

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AbstractAcquisition of new x—ray fluorescence (XRF) hardware or a data reduction computer can be a particularly frustrating experience for analysts who depend upon programs not supplied by the XRF spectrometer manufacturer. Computerized data collection and reduction pragrams generated for a particular spectrameter/computer system can become virtually useless when a significant part af the spectrometer/computer system is replaced. The problem is compounded in a research environment where many different kinds of samples are encountered and many unique analysis programs developed.The potential magnitude of this problem was recently demonstrated at the Ford Motor Company Scientific Research Laboratory when the thirteen year old computer-contolled XRF analysis system was replaced by a new state-of-the-art spectrometer/computer system.
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Garzón, Eduardo Garzón, Antonio Ruíz-Conde, and Pedro Jose Sánchez-Soto. "Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Phyllite Samples Based on Chemical (XRF) and Mineralogical Data by XRD." American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 03, no. 05 (2012): 347–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajac.2012.35047.

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7

Kerner, Jonathan A., Edward D. Franco, and John Marshall. "Combined XRD and XRF Analysis for Portable and Remote Applications." Advances in X-ray Analysis 38 (1994): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s037603080001795x.

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Abstract A prototype instrument, which provides x-ray powder diffraction and x-ray fluorescence analysis in a compact unit, has been developed to support the needs of NASA for planetary exploration. The instrument uses a 9-watt Fe-anodc x-ray tube and CCD in a fixed geometry for recording powder patterns with a 2θ range of 35°. The fluorescence spectrum for elements below Fe is collected simultaneously with the diffraction data. A shuttered Cd-109 isotopic source with emissions at 22 and 80 keV is used to excite higher energy fluorescence. The low-energy limit for discriminating single photon events was found to be ∼1.5 keV. Al-K could be distinguished from a pure sample, but the spectrum below 6 keV was degraded by the read noise of the CCD, which introduced spectral artifacts. Diffraction peaks from halite had a FWHM of ∼1°(2θ), with major contributions to the width from the use of slit collimation on the source and the low tilt angle of the sample.
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8

Chung, Frank H. "Quantitative X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence analyses of mixtures – unified and simplified." Journal of Applied Crystallography 51, no. 3 (May 18, 2018): 789–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576718005228.

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Owing to the complex matrix effects, the current approach to quantitative X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyses of mixtures requires calibration lines from standards, and is hence tedious and time consuming. New insights reveal that both the matrix effects and the calibration lines can be eliminated mathematically. Any complex mixture can be transformed into a set of simple binary mixtures. One straightforward formula decodes both XRD and XRF. A single XRD or XRF scan quantifies the chemical compounds or chemical elements in any mixture. The unified and simplified procedure reduces by some 80% the laboratory work associated with current practice. Five sets of experimental data are presented to verify its applications. Statistical evaluation of this new procedure gives a precision of ±5% or better, which is normally expected from XRD and XRF analyses.
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9

Panchuk, Vitaly, Irina Yaroshenko, Andrey Legin, Valentin Semenov, and Dmitry Kirsanov. "Application of chemometric methods to XRF-data – A tutorial review." Analytica Chimica Acta 1040 (December 2018): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2018.05.023.

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10

Klimasara, Anthony J. "Mathematical Modeling of XRF Matrix Correction Algorithms With an Electronic Spreadsheet." Advances in X-ray Analysis 37 (1993): 647–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800016207.

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AbstractIt will be demonstrated that the Lachance-Traill, and Lucas-Tooth and Price matrix correction algorithms can easily be applied to spreadsheet stored XRF data.The structure of spreadsheet stored data in Quantitative XRF Analysis, the utilization of built-in spreadsheet functions essential for data processing and the utilization of Spreadsheet Graphics for plotting of corrected and uncorrected XRF data will be presented.Development of modern Electronic Spreadsheets has reached the point where they can readily be used for almost any type of laboratory task, including: Data Plotting, Statistical Data Analysis, Report Writing and Publishing, Slide Presentations, etc. This valuable tool can easily be added to older equipment that usually lacks sophisticated XRF software. It can also become an auxiliary tool to modern XRF spectrometers equipped with advanced XRF software.The spreadsheet approach gives the analyst freedom of choice to process data according to personal/analytical preferences circumventing the rigidity of software supplied with the equipment. The spreadsheet approach also possesses educational value since it presents the basic ingredients of Matrix Correction in clear and concise table fashion. Addrtionaliy, the spreadsheet program is an excellent tool for demonstrating and evaluating different matrix correction models commonly used in X-ray Spectroscopy.It will also be shown tliat Spreadsheet Graphics are capable of handling the two-theta scans of XRF or XRD data gathered from older DEC/PDP-11 based Rigaku Equipment. This results in excellent hard copies of the two-theta scans, regardless of the output device.A mathematical background leading to the spreadsheet approach was partially presented in the paper “A mathematical comparison of the Lachance-Traill Matrix correction procedure with statistical multiple linear regression analysis in XRF applications” (41st Annual Denver X-ray Conference, Colorado Springs, 1992).
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11

Engelbrecht, Johann P., Johan P. R. de Villiers, and Stefan W. de Bruyn. "The On-Stream X-Ray Analysis of Slurries for Process Control." Advances in X-ray Analysis 35, A (1991): 661–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800009393.

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AbstractAn integrated XRD-XRF system for the on-stream analysis of slurries was configured to the requirements of industry for process control. The slurry-handling system includes a multiplexer, header tank, de-aerator and a windowless sample presenter. The XRD part of the system is composed of a molybdenum anode X-ray tube, a pyrolytic graphite primarybeam monochromator, a vertical fixed-geometry goniometer, and a simultaneous detector system. The X-ray beam is transmitted through the slurry curtain so that the diffracted intensities are measured in the forward diffracted mode. The energy-dispersive XRF spectrometer measures the reflected fluorescence intensities. Examples and data from the onstream XRD analysis of fluorspar and apatite are presented. Mention is made of the application of an integrated XRD-XRF system in the heavy-minerals and base-metal industries.
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12

Yin, Lo I., and Stephen M. Seltzer. "Qualitative XRF Analysis with Pattern Recognition." Advances in X-ray Analysis 33 (1989): 603–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800020073.

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AbstractIn many applications of energy-dispersive XRF analysis, quantitative information concerning the chemical composition of the samples is not required. Rather, one is interested in whether a given sample is similar to some reference material or whether the chemical composition is changing from one sample to the next. We have investigated the use of pattern-recognition techniques in such applications. It will be demonstrated with experimental data that the pattern-recognition approach is extremely simple and fast. It uses only a single parameter, the normalized correlation coefficient, and can be applied directly to raw data. The efficacy of the method is illustrated with Si(Li) spectra of geological and pigment samples, and proportional counter spectra of geological samples. The pattern-recognition method should be ideally suited for field XRF applications, and the algorithm can be easily implemented on a personal computer.
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13

Owolabi Lawal, Lateef, Mohamed Mahmoud, Olalekan Saheed Alade, and Abdulazeez Abdulraheem. "Total Organic Carbon Characterization Using Neural-Network Analysis of XRF Data." Petrophysics – The SPWLA Journal of Formation Evaluation and Reservoir Description 60, no. 4 (August 1, 2019): 480–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.30632/pjv60n4-2019a2.

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14

Wittig, Erland P., and Carl E. Rechsteiner. "An Artificial Intelligence System for XRF Data on a Personal Computer." Advances in X-ray Analysis 33 (1989): 531–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800019972.

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SummaryAutomation of X-ray fluorescence equipment has proliferated during the last 10 years. However, the focus has been on data collection and data massage. Data presentation has been limited to a few rudimentary formats. These formats ‘ generally involve printing the results in some arbitrary fashion, followed by manual transfer to the client.This paper describes a system (using rudimentary artificial intelligence techniques) that automates data presentation. It handles data from 14 different methods; evaluates the data against the requirements of the method (i.e. mass balance, detection and reporting limits, and matrix interferences). Further, a data report is generated in a consistent format, including the reporting of significant figures. Additionally, an exception report is printed when the measured results are outside the applicable range of the method or violate quality assurance constraints. In such cases, alternative methods are recommended in the exception report.
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15

Mahrok, Mazin, and Sabeeh Shamoon. "Effect of geometrical factors on the validity of XRF spectrometer data." Journal of Applied Spectroscopy 75, no. 2 (March 2008): 295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10812-008-9039-0.

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16

Gholizadeh, Asa, João A. Coblinski, Mohammadmehdi Saberioon, Eyal Ben-Dor, Ondřej Drábek, José A. M. Demattê, Luboš Borůvka, Karel Němeček, Sabine Chabrillat, and Julie Dajčl. "vis–NIR and XRF Data Fusion and Feature Selection to Estimate Potentially Toxic Elements in Soil." Sensors 21, no. 7 (March 30, 2021): 2386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21072386.

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Soil contamination by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) is intensifying under increasing industrialization. Thus, the ability to efficiently delineate contaminated sites is crucial. Visible–near infrared (vis–NIR: 350–2500 nm) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF: 0.02–41.08 keV) spectroscopic techniques have attracted tremendous attention for the assessment of PTEs. Recently, the application of fused vis–NIR and XRF spectroscopy, which is based on the complementary effect of data fusion, is also increasing. Moreover, different data manipulation methods, including feature selection approaches, affect the prediction performance. This study investigated the feasibility of using single and fused vis–NIR and XRF spectra while exploring feature selection algorithms for the assessment of key soil PTEs. The soil samples were collected from one of the most heavily polluted areas of the Czech Republic and scanned using laboratory vis–NIR and XRF spectrometers. Univariate filter (UF) and genetic algorithm (GA) were used to select the bands of greater importance for the PTE prediction. Support vector machine (SVM) was then used to train the models using the full-range and feature-selected spectra of single sensors and their fusion. It was found that XRF spectra alone (primarily GA-selected) performed better than single vis–NIR and fused spectral data for predictions of PTEs. Moreover, the prediction models that were derived from the fused data set (particularly the GA-selected) enhanced the models’ accuracies as compared with the single vis–NIR spectra. In general, the results suggest that the GA-selected spectra obtained from the single XRF spectrometer (for As and Pb) and from the fusion of vis–NIR and XRF (for Pb) are promising for accurate quantitative estimation detection of the mentioned PTEs.
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17

Arboleda, Johana, and Adriana Echavarría. "X-ray powder diffraction data for a new nickel zinc chromate, (NH4OH)3/2NiZn2Cr2O9⋅2H2O." Powder Diffraction 25, no. 4 (December 2010): 371–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/1.3505334.

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A new nickel zinc chromate with the composition of (NH4OH)3/2NiZn2Cr2O9⋅2H2O was synthesized by hydrothermal method. The compound was characterized by XRD, TGA, and XRF. X-ray powder diffraction data show that the crystal system of the title compound is hexagonal with space group R-3m, z=3, and unit-cell parameters: a=5.9794 and c=21.4875 Å.
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18

Chojnacka, Katarzyna, Mateusz Samoraj, Łukasz Tuhy, Izabela Michalak, Małgorzata Mironiuk, and Marcin Mikulewicz. "Using XRF and ICP-OES in Biosorption Studies." Molecules 23, no. 8 (August 19, 2018): 2076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23082076.

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In this work, a method of recalculation of results of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique to Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) method was elaborated for biosorption studies. Equations that calibrate XRF to ICP-OES were determined, as a biosorbent strawberry, blackcurrant and raspberry seeds after supercritical CO2 extraction were used. ICP-OES showed a better precision and lower detection limits than XRF. The latter technique is cheaper, requires minimal sample preparation and gives faster results. Linear regression of the data gave almost 1:1 correlations without additional correction (for Cu r2 = 0.9998, Mn r2 = 0.807, Zn r2 = 0.979). Calibration and quantification of intensities of XRF was obtained using ICP-OES measurements after samples digestion with HNO3 in a microwave system. High positive correlations were estimated for Cu, Mn, Zn. It was demonstrated that XRF technique can be used together with other well established techniques (ICP-OES) to produce quantitative data from biosorption studies. Elaboration of cheap and quick analytical methodology is an important aspect in development of new processes and products based on biosorption process.
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19

Acquafredda, Pasquale, Francesca Micheletti, Italo Maria Muntoni, Mauro Pallara, and Robert H. Tykot. "Petroarchaeometric Data on Antiparos Obsidian (Greece) for Provenance Study by SEM-EDS and XRF." Open Archaeology 5, no. 1 (April 20, 2019): 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opar-2019-0003.

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AbstractThe island of Antiparos belongs to the Aegean volcanic arc. The obsidian outcrops here contain pieces of excellent tool-making quality, but of small size making the raw material less attractive. Geological samples collected at Soros beach, at Blaco and Mastichi, in the southern part of the island, were analysed using Optical Microscopy, XRF (whole rock) and SEM-EDS (glass and microliths-microphenocrysts). The results obtained demonstrate the potential for distinguishing the Antiparos obsidian from other major central-western Mediterranean sources in an absolutely non-destructive way, using an XRF spectrometer or alternatively with an SEM equipped with an ED spectrometer.
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20

Alves, M. E., Y. P. Mascarenhas, D. H. French, and C. P. M. Vaz. "Rietveld-based mineralogical quantitation of deferrified oxisol clays." Soil Research 45, no. 3 (2007): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr06123.

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Although the mineralogical quantitative analysis of the soil clay fraction can provide useful information for the improvement of soil management practices, the quantitation of all clay components normally requires a combination of different analytical techniques, which makes this determination expensive and time-consuming. One alternative for more expeditious mineralogical quantitations consists of using the Rietveld method for the treatment of X-ray diffraction (XRD) data. In this study we evaluate the accuracy of the mineralogical quantitative analyses of oxisol deferrified clays carried out with the application of the Rietveld method to XRD data obtained for both non-spray- and spray-dried samples. Linear regression analyses were carried out for comparing the XRD-Rietveld results with those calculated from X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) data. Correspondence was observed between the XRD-Rietveld and XRF-derived data, confirming the potential utility of the Rietveld method for soil clay mineralogical quantitative analysis. Although sample preparation by using the spray drying procedure tended to improve XRD mineralogical quantitation, accurate results can be also achieved when this procedure is not available in the XRD laboratory.
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21

Gilfrich, John V. "Personal Observations on Trends in XRF." Advances in X-ray Analysis 30 (1986): 35–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s037603080002111x.

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Over the past many years, x-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) has developed into a very mature field. The Plenary Session at this, the 35th Annual Denver Conference on Applications of X-Ray Analysis, deals with an evaluation of developments around the world, as viewed by experts from the three major areas, North America, Europe and the Far East. In this brief report, I would like to convey that which I consider to be the state-of-the-art at the present time, and make some prognostications, which may or may not be dignified as predictions. Many of the specifics that I mention will refer to work in which we, at the Naval Research Laboratory, have been involved. To be fair, I will also deal with some areas in which others have worked. In my mind, the field divides itself naturally into four areas: Sources, Dispersion Devices, Detectors and Data Reduction, I would like to deal with each of these in turn.
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22

Koncz-Horváth, Dániel, and Zoltán Gácsi. "Using Simulated Data to Support the Calibration Process of ED-XRF Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 1120-1121 (July 2015): 1435–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1120-1121.1435.

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In the general practice of ED-XRF measurements, the values of elemental concentrations are derived from complicated calculation methods. Hereby a simple mathematical formula is suggested, which provides an easy way to prepare standard samples. On the other hand, the simulation of spectral lines may also be a helpful tool for the calibration process. In this study, measured and simulated data were used for the quantitative analysis of ternary Au-Ag-Cu alloys. To determine the calibration points, the peak intensity ratio method was applied and the calibration curves were fitted. This work presents the results of a twofold investigation aimed at: a) finding a suitable computational tool to optimise the parameters of the underlying equations and b) testing the reliability of the simulated data to determine the concentrations of multi-element standard samples. Based on comparisons of calculated concentrations it can be stated that a simple calculation method with simulated data provides an easy tool to define calibration standards. It is also demonstrated that the parameters of the linear plots can be optimised to yield improved results.
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23

Pérez, Roberto D., Héctor J. Sánchez, Marcelo Rubio, and Carlos A. Pérez. "Mathematical model for evaluation of surface analysis data by total reflection XRF." X-Ray Spectrometry 28, no. 5 (September 1999): 342–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4539(199909/10)28:5<342::aid-xrs360>3.0.co;2-j.

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24

M. Castro-Colin, E. Ramirez-Homs, and J. A. López. "A Data Mining Perspective of XRF Elemental Analysis from Pueblo People’s Pottery." Journal of Nuclear Physics, Material Sciences, Radiation and Applications 7, no. 2 (February 28, 2020): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2020.72016.

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Hierarchical clustering was used to identify elemental signatures in artifacts attributed to the Pueblo peoples. The artifacts in this study are pottery samples found at different sites in the state of New Mexico, USA. Three methods were applied: complete, average, and Ward. Their corresponding cophenetic correlation coefficients were used to contrast the three methods. Elemental characterization was only based on X-ray fluorescence excitation from a portable spectrometer with the silver anode. The elemental correlations here disclosed by data mining techniques are expected to guide further archaeological studies and assist experts in the assessment of provenance and historical ethnographic studies. XRF elemental analysis
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25

Indresand, Hege, and Ann M. Dillner. "Experimental characterization of sulfur interference in IMPROVE aluminum and silicon XRF data." Atmospheric Environment 61 (December 2012): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.06.079.

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26

Arboleda, Johana, and Adriana Echavarría. "X-ray powder diffraction data for two new compounds (NH4)1.5Ni2V2O7(OH)1.5 · H2O and (NH4)1.5Cu1.125Ni1.125V2O7(OH)2 · H2O." Powder Diffraction 26, S1 (December 2011): S51—S54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/1.3660817.

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Two new bimetallic and trimetallic compounds (NH4)1.5Ni2V2O7(OH)1.5 · H2O and (NH4)1.5Cu1.125 Ni1.125V2O7(OH)2 · H2O were synthesized by hydrothermal method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-Ray fluorescence (XRF). Crystallographic studies showed that both compounds are hexagonal with space group P-62c.
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27

Gurker, N. "Imaging Techniques for X-Ray Fluorescence and X-Ray Diffraction." Advances in X-ray Analysis 30 (1986): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800021145.

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Electron induced X-ray mapping together with modern SEM/EDX analysis systems has reached a high level of perfection due to established methods of beam deflection and focusing and today's standard in energy dispersive X-ray detection and data processing. X-ray analysis of specimens based on X-ray excitation (XRF/XRD) is routinely performed on comparatively large specimen areas without conserved spatial information. XRF-/XRD-imaging capabilities are not yet commonly available on standard spectrometers, since both suitable X-ray optical elements are missing and there is a large intensity loss due to the necessary primary beam collimation.
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28

Mitsi, E., and T. J. Mertzimekis. "RICOCHET: A quick-and-dirty approach to analyze μ-XRF synchrotron data using open-source utilities." HNPS Proceedings 23 (March 8, 2019): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.1897.

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A semi-automated procedure based on open-source utilities was designed and built to analyze spectra collected at a synchrotron accelerator using the μ-XRF technique. The software (RICOCHET) has a fast, efficient and user-friendly design aimed at performing online analysis. A few examples of its application using recent μ-XRF data from the SUL-X beamline at ANKA Synchrotron Facility (KIT) are presented.
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29

Gore, Damian B., Mark P. Taylor, R. Gary Pritchard, and Kirstie A. Fryirs. "On-site teaching with XRF and XRD: training the next generation of analytical X-ray professionals." Powder Diffraction 29, S1 (October 20, 2014): S8—S14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715614000876.

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There is a growing need for environmental scientists, geoscientists, and analysts skilled in the use of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and X-ray diffractometry. The challenge for educators is how to inspire, teach, and make the next generation of professional X-ray users and analysts ready for employment. In this paper, we present vignettes from teaching applications of X-ray analytical techniques at three scaffolded levels, from senior high school students, undergraduate science students, to postgraduate researchers. At each of these levels the pedagogical complexity increases, from simple data use at high school, to observing how data are generated and being able to constrain analytical uncertainty at the undergraduate level, to generating high-quality data at the postgraduate level. In all cases, transportable equipment is used in on-site analytical programs to inform the experimental design, level of sampling required, and research outcomes.
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30

Chebakova, Kristina A., Ella L. Dzidziguri, Elena N. Sidorova, Andrey A. Vasiliev, Dmitriy Yu Ozherelkov, Ivan A. Pelevin, Alexander A. Gromov, and Anton Yu Nalivaiko. "X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy Features of Micro- and Nanoscale Copper and Nickel Particle Compositions." Nanomaterials 11, no. 9 (September 14, 2021): 2388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11092388.

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The study is devoted to X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) features of micro- and nanosized powder mixtures of copper and nickel. XRF is a high accuracy method that allows for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. However, the XRF measurement error due to the size of the studied particles is not usually taken into account, which limits the use of the method in some cases, such as analysis of Ni-Cu mixtures and coatings. In this paper, a method for obtaining copper and nickel nanoparticles was investigated, and the XRF of powder compositions was considered in detail. The initial micro- and nanoparticles of copper and nickel were studied in detail using SEM, TEM, XRD, and EDX. Based on experimental data, calibration curves for copper-nickel powder compositions of various sizes were developed. According to the results, it was experimentally established that the calibration curves constructed for nanoscale and microscale powders differ significantly. The presented approach can be expanded for other metals and particle sizes.
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Xia, Fang, Bifeng Hu, Youwei Zhu, Wenjun Ji, Songchao Chen, Dongyun Xu, and Zhou Shi. "Improved Mapping of Potentially Toxic Elements in Soil via Integration of Multiple Data Sources and Various Geostatistical Methods." Remote Sensing 12, no. 22 (November 17, 2020): 3775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12223775.

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Soil pollution by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) has become a core issue around the world. Knowledge of the spatial distribution of PTEs in soil is crucial for soil remediation. Portable X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (p-XRF) provides a cost-saving alternative to the traditional laboratory analysis of soil PTEs. In this study, we collected 293 soil samples from Fuyang County in Southeast China. Subsequently, we used several geostatistical methods, such as inverse distance weighting (IDW), ordinary kriging (OK), and empirical Bayesian kriging (EBK), to estimate the spatial variability of soil PTEs measured by the laboratory and p-XRF methods. The final maps of soil PTEs were outputted by the model averaging method, which combines multiple maps previously created by IDW, OK, and EBK, using both lab and p-XRF data. The study results revealed that the mean PTE content measured by the laboratory methods was as follows: Zn (127.43 mg kg−1) > Cu (31.34 mg kg−1) > Ni (20.79 mg kg−1) > As (10.65 mg kg−1) > Cd (0.33 mg kg−1). p-XRF measurements showed a spatial prediction accuracy of soil PTEs similar to that of laboratory analysis measurements. The spatial prediction accuracy of different PTEs outputted by the model averaging method was as follows: Zn (R2 = 0.71) > Cd (R2 = 0.68) > Ni (R2 = 0.67) > Cu (R2 = 0.62) > As (R2 = 0.50). The prediction accuracy of the model averaging method for five PTEs studied herein was improved compared with that of the laboratory and p-XRF methods, which utilized individual geostatistical methods (e.g., IDW, OK, EBK). Our results proved that p-XRF was a reliable alternative to the traditional laboratory analysis methods for mapping soil PTEs. The model averaging approach improved the prediction accuracy of the soil PTE spatial distribution and reduced the time and cost of monitoring and mapping PTE soil contamination.
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Adi, Rahwanto, Ismail Ismail, Akhyar Akhyar, Jalil Zulkarnain, and Hazril Gursida Ariel. "Nanomagnetite Extraction from Iron Sand Prepared by Mechanical Alloying Method." Key Engineering Materials 892 (July 13, 2021): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.892.129.

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In this paper, the magnetic properties of Aceh iron sand was studied. The iron sand was collected from the Syiah Kuala coastal area, Banda Aceh and obtained by mechanical alloying method using planetary ball milling. The mineral compositions were investigated by XRD and XRF analysis tests. The XRF test showed that the sand mostly contain magnetite, Fe3O4 (85.80%) in association with other impurities of SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3 and some others minor minerals. Compare to XRD results, the phase compositions were mainly magnetite (Fe3O4). So, it is consistent with the XRF data. The electron microscopy observation (SEM) showed the fine crystalline structure and the main morphology was micro-crystalline in agglomerate forms. Furthermore, the magnetic properties after 20 hours milling showed the increasing in the coercivity (Hc) and remanent (Br), while the magnetic saturation (Ms) was decreased. This behavior can be explained that nano-Fe3O4 phase after the milling process plays an important role in the magnetic properties of iron sand.
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Flude, Stephanie, Michael Haschke, and Michael Storey. "Application of benchtop micro-XRF to geological materials." Mineralogical Magazine 81, no. 4 (August 2017): 923–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2016.080.150.

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AbstractRecent developments in X-ray optics have allowed the development of a range of commercially available benchtop micro-XRF (μ-XRF) instruments that can produce X-ray spot sizes of 20–30 μm on the sample, allowing major- and trace-element analysis on a range of sample types and sizes with minimal sample preparation. Such instruments offer quantitative analysis using fundamental parameter based 'standardless' quantification algorithms. The accuracy and precision of this quantitative analysis on geological materials, and application of micro-XRF to wider geological problems is assessed using a single benchtop micro-XRF instrument. Quantitative analysis of internal reference materials and international standards shows that such instruments can provide highly reproducible data but that, for many silicate materials, standardless quantification is not accurate.Accuracy can be improved, however, by using a simple type-calibration against a reference material of similar matrix and composition. Qualitative analysis with micro-XRF can simplify and streamline sample characterization and processing for subsequent geochemical and isotopic analysis.
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Obeidat, Safwan M., Idrees Al-Momani, Asma'a Haddad, and Motasem Bani Yasein. "Combination of ICP-OES, XRF and XRD techniques for analysis of several dental ceramics and their identification using chemometrics." Spectroscopy 26, no. 2 (2011): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/894143.

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In this paper dental ceramic samples from seven vendors were studied. The elemental composition for each type was investigated using the ICP-OES and the XRF. Assessment of the seven types of ceramic was also successfully achieved using the XRD spectral data and processed with Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Detecting possible adulteration in different mass percentages of ceramic was also possible by applying the XRD data for the adulterated samples to the original PCA model.
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Di Francia, Elisabetta, Sabrina Grassini, Giovanni Ettore Gigante, Stefano Ridolfi, and Sergio Augusto Barcellos Lins. "Characterisation of corrosion products on copper-based artefacts: potential of MA-XRF measurementsties of MA-XRF measurement." ACTA IMEKO 10, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/acta_imeko.v10i1.859.

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The use of macro-X-ray fluorescence (MA-XRF) scanners is now widespread in cultural heritage applications. However, its use for the characterisation of metallic works of art is still limited. In this study, a novel portable MA-XRF scanner prototype was tested on artificially corroded copper samples to assess its analytical capabilities on corroded metals, yielding information on the spatial distribution of the corrosion products grown on the metal’s surface. A multi-analytical approach was used to thoroughly characterise the copper samples and compare the obtained results to verify the reliability of the MA-XRF data. The prototype was able to obtain distribution maps of different elements, such as sulphur and chlorine, which can be directly correlated to different corrosion products. With the use of imaging filtering techniques, it was possible to investigate the stratification of the corrosion product layers and observe gradients in the distribution of certain elements.
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Moholy-Nagy, Hattula, and Fred W. Nelson. "New Data on Sources of Obsidian Artifacts from Tikal, Guatemala." Ancient Mesoamerica 1, no. 1 (1990): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536100000080.

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AbstractIn 1984, 29 obsidian artifacts and an unworked nodule from Tikal were attributed to source by visual means and then analyzed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF). We conclude that the considerable within-source optical variability of gray Mesoamerican obsidians makes visual sourcing unreliable at present, although a corpus of descriptions of the optical characteristics of obsidian may eventually provide a way to exclude possible sources. The XRF analysis identified two additional central Mexican sources, bringing to six the number of Mexican obsidian sources represented at Tikal; failed to provide a secure identification for the nodule; supported the succession of Guatemalan obsidian sources utilized by the Southern Lowland Maya previously proposed by Nelson; and suggested other correlations between source, artifact type, and archaeological context.
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37

Muhammad, Adi Gunawan, and Frederikus Dian Indrastomo. "Validitas dan Reliabilitas Data Estimasi Kadar Uranium Sektor Lembah Hitam, Kalan, Kalimantan Barat." EKSPLORIUM 40, no. 2 (November 30, 2019): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/eksplorium.2019.40.2.5672.

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ABSTRAKMineralisasi uranium (U) di Sektor Lembah Hitam pada batuan metalanau dan metapelit sekistosan berasosiasi dengan mineral pirit, pirhotit, magnetit, molibdenit, turmalin, dan kuarsa. Kehadiran mineral U ditandai dengan nilai radiometri batuan yang mencapai 15.000 c/s. Estimasi cepat kadar U adalah menggunakan perhitungan gamma ray hasil logging gross-count gamma lubang bor LH-01. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan validitas dan reliabilitas data estimasi kadar U. Hasil estimasi kadar U logging disebandingkan dengan analisis geokimia untuk mendapatkan faktor koreksi (Fk). Analisis geokimia menggunakan metode X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) pada sampel batuan terpilih di interval kedalaman yang mewakili batuan dan mineralisasi di lubang tersebut. Estimasi kadar U di kedalaman 8,80–9,81 m berdasarkan gross-count gamma ray menunjukkan nilai kadar 456 ppm eU, sementara analisis XRF menunjukkan rerata kadar 177 ppm U. Nilai faktor koreksi (Fk) yang didapatkan dari estimasi kadar di kedalaman 8,80–9,81 m adalah 0,388. Nilai tersebut menunjukkan validitas dan reliabilitas data estimasi yang digunakan rendah. Kesebandingan estimasi kadar U dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, antara lain: sistem logging gross-count gamma ray, ketidaksetimbangan uranium, ukuran sampel, dan unsur radioaktif lainnya. Untuk meningkatkan validitas dan reliabilitas data estimasi, maka diperlukan penambahan sampel analisis XRF dengan mempertimbangkan lingkar dan interval kedalaman lubang bor. ABSTRACTUranium (U) mineralisation in Lembah Hitam Sector in metasilt and schistossic metapellite rocks was assosiated with pyrite, pyrhotite, magnetite, molibdenite, tourmaline, and quartz minerals. The existence of U mineral was marked from its radiometric value reaching 15,000 c/s. The faster way to estimate U grade is using gamma-ray values calculation from gross-count gamma logging at borehole LH-01. The research is aimed to obtain the validity and reliablility of U grade estimating data. The logging estimation result then compared with geochemical analysis to obtain the correction factor (Fk). Geochemical analysis is using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) method on selected rock samples represent rock and mineralisastion depth interval inside the borehole. The result of uranium grade estimation using gross-count gamma ray calculation in depth 8.80–9.81 m is 456 eU while based on XRF analysis, the result is 177 ppm U. The correction factor (Fk), obtained from grade estimation at 8.80–9.81 m depth is 0.388. The value indicates that the validity and reliability estimation data is low. Ratio of U grade estimation depends on some factors, like gross-count gamma ray logging system; uranium disequilibrium, sampels size; and other radioactive elements. In order to increase the validity and reliability estimation data, XRF analysis samples should be added by considering the borhole diameter and depth interval.
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Stoev, Krassimir N., and Joseph F. Dlouhy. "Computerized X-Ray Data Periodic Table." Advances in X-ray Analysis 37 (1993): 725–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800016293.

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Nowadays personal computers [PCs) have sufficiently high speed of calculation and large memory and can be used for precise modeling and implementation of the fundamental parameter methods in the x-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis. Because of its low price the PC is generally a standard component of energy-dispersive and wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence analyzers, and allows not only automation and control of the whole spectrometer during the scientific experiments or routine analysis, but also complete on-line calculation of concentrations {using sophisticated calibration models), QA/QC monitoring, and archivation of the data. Together with the development of faulti-task operation systems for personal computers the efficiency of their use became higher. A few years ago the main requirement for the software was that it be optimized in order to perform many sophisticated calculations in as short time as possible, and less attention was paid to the interface “computer-user”. Now, with much more powerful new generation PCs, one of the main requirements on the software for XRF analysis is to be “user-friendly”, i.e. not to require special education and extended learning period before using it and to ensure high flexibility of application of the programs.
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Hahn, A., M. G. Bowen, P. D. Clift, D. K. Kulhanek, and M. W. Lyle. "Testing the analytical performance of handheld XRF using marine sediments of IODP Expedition 355." Geological Magazine 157, no. 6 (April 4, 2019): 956–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756819000189.

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AbstractObtaining geochemical profiles using X-ray fluorescent (XRF) techniques has become a standard procedure in many sediment core studies. The resulting datasets are not only important tools for palaeoclimatic and palaeoceanographic reconstructions, but also for stratigraphic correlation. The International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) has therefore recently introduced shipboard application of a handheld XRF device, making geochemical data directly available to the science party. In all XRF scanning techniques, the physical properties of wet core halves cause substantial analytical deviations. In order to obtain estimates of element concentrations (e.g. for quantitative analyses of fluxes or mass-balance calculations), a calibration of the scanning data is required. We test whether results from the handheld XRF analysis on discrete samples are suitable for calibrating scanning data. Log-ratios with Ca as a common denominator were calculated. The comparison between the handheld device and conventional measurements show that the latter provide high-quality data describing Al, Si, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Zn, Rb and Sr content (R2 compared with conventional measurements: ln(Al/Ca) = 0.99, ln(Si/Ca) = 0.98, ln(K/Ca) = 0.99, ln(Ti/Ca) = 0.99, ln(Mn/Ca) = 0.99, ln(Fe/Ca) = 0.99, ln(Zn/Ca) = 0.99 and ln(Sr/Ca) = 0.99). Our results imply that discrete measurements using the shipboard handheld analyser are suitable for the calibration of XRF scanning data. Our test was performed on downcore sediments from IODP Expedition 355 that display a wide variety of lithologies of both terrestrial and marine origin. The implication is that our findings are valid on a general scale and that shipboard handheld XRF analysis on discrete samples should be used for calibrating XRF scanning data.
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40

Rousseau, Richard M. "Quantitative XRF Analysis Using the Fundamental Algorithm." Advances in X-ray Analysis 34 (1990): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800014427.

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AbstractA modern theoretical method using the Fundamental Algorithm to correct for matrix effects in X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis is described. This powerful quantitative method combines the practical flexibility of influence coefficient concepts and the theoretical exactness of the fundamental parameter technique. This method is in full agreement with the treatment of the physics as proposed by Sherman and can be applied to the analysis of any sample types. It offers the maximum of accuracy limited only by the quality of sample preparation. The special calibration procedure associated with the Fundamental Algorithm is explained. This procedure allows the matching of theoretical formalism to experimental data of each individual laboratory. Finally and obviously, this approach requires a computer program to be applied. Some important guidelines are given to help XRF analysts to select the XRF program appropriate to their needs.
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Kim, Sung-Min, and Yosoon Choi. "Mapping Heavy Metal Concentrations in Beach Sands Using GIS and Portable XRF Data." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 2 (February 8, 2019): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse7020042.

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It is necessary to investigate the contamination of beach sands to ensure water safety, as they may contain potentially toxic trace elements. Tourists, oil spills, or replenishing sands can cause beach sand contamination. In this study, heavy metal contamination maps of lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) were created for Wolpo Beach, on the eastern coast of Korea, using portable X-ray fluorescence and geographic information systems (GIS). Interpolation methods, such as kriging and inverse distance weighting, were used in this study and their results were compared. Understanding the spatial variation of potentially toxic trace elements in beach sand is necessary to determine suitable measures for preventing contamination. Sufficient sand data for understanding spatial patterns can be acquired by using rapid portable X-ray fluorescence analysis. As a result, we could create heavy metal concentration maps for the sand of Wolpo Beach. It was confirmed that the southern part of the target area is more contaminated than the northern part. However, there are no sand areas with highly concentrated heavy metal levels. In addition, no sample data exceed the soil contamination standards. This study demonstrates that portable X-ray fluorescence and geographic information systems can be utilized for investigating and preventing the contamination of beach sands by creating heavy metal concentration maps.
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42

Kourousias, G., F. Billè, G. Cautero, J. Bufon, A. Rachevski, S. Schillani, D. Cirrincione, et al. "XRF topography information: Simulations and data from a novel silicon drift detector system." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 936 (August 2019): 80–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2018.10.142.

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43

Vavrik, D., I. Kumpova, M. Vopalensky, and J. Zemlicka. "Mapping of XRF data onto the surface of a tomographically reconstructed historical sculpture." Journal of Instrumentation 14, no. 02 (February 8, 2019): C02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/14/02/c02003.

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44

Smith, T. K. "Wide Area Networking of XRF Generated Geochemical Data in a National Geological Survey." Advances in X-ray Analysis 30 (1986): 281–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s037603080002139x.

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A previous paper by this author (1984) described the evolution of XRF analysis in the British Geological Survey. More recent developments are described here, with particular reference to wide-area networking. Since the Survey was founded in 1835 it has been to a large extent concerned with the amassing of data. In most cases the information is permanently retained, in contrast to some other applications where the data are stored only temporarily. The result of this permanent storage is that a very large database has been created and continues to grow at an increasing rate, partly as the result of extension of the terms of reference to include the continental shelf. Another reason is that geochemical, geophysical and geotechnical information is now included, and automated methods of measurement and data capture now exist.
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45

Polukhina, N. I., S. Ya Dvurechenskaya, I. P. Sokolovskaya, V. B. Baryshev, G. N. Anoshin, and B. A. Vorotnikov. "Some toxic microelements in Novosibirsk reservoir's ecosystem (data XRF SR and AAS techniques)." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 405, no. 2-3 (March 1998): 423–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(97)01046-2.

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Menne, Julia, Astrid Holzheid, and Christopher Heilmann. "Multi-Scale Measurements of Neolithic Ceramics—A Methodological Comparison of Portable Energy-Dispersive XRF, Wavelength-Dispersive XRF, and Microcomputer Tomography." Minerals 10, no. 10 (October 21, 2020): 931. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10100931.

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Archaeometric investigation of ancient pottery with regard to their material composites allows insights into the material structures, production techniques and manufacturing processes. The applied methods depend on the classification of the pottery: some finds should remain unchanged for conservation reasons, other finds are less valuable or more common. While the first group cannot be destroyed for material analyses and the choice of analytical methods is limited, the latter can be investigated using destructive methods and thus can widen the spectrum of possible devices. Multi-element analyses of portable energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (portable XRF) have become important for archaeological research, as portable XRF provides a quick overview about the chemical composition of potteries and can be used in non-destructive as well as destructive ways in addition to conventional microscopic examination and petrographic thin sections. While most portable XRF analyses of solely fracture surfaces do not provide satisfying results, portable XRF analyses on pulverized samples are a cost-efficient and fast alternative to wavelength-dispersive XRF (WD-XRF). In comparison to WD-XRF, portable XRF on pulverized samples provides reliable concentration data (K, Fe, Rb, Ti, V, Y, Zn, Zr), but other elements need to be corrected. X-ray microtomography (µCT) has proven to be a non-destructive technique to derive not only the porosity of ancient pottery but also to characterize temper components and non-plastic inclusions. Hence, the µCT technique has the potential to extract valuable information needed by archaeologists, for example, to deduce details about manufacturing.
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Van der Linden, Veerle, Eva Meesdom, Annemie Devos, Rita Van Dooren, Hans Nieuwdorp, Elsje Janssen, Sophie Balace, Bart Vekemans, Laszlo Vincze, and Koen Janssens. "PXRF, μ-XRF, Vacuum μ-XRF, and EPMA Analysis of Email Champlevé Objects Present in Belgian Museums." Microscopy and Microanalysis 17, no. 5 (September 23, 2011): 674–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927611011950.

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AbstractThe enamel of 20 Email Champlevé objects dating between the 12th and 19th centuries was investigated by means of microscopic and portable X-ray fluorescence analysis (μ-XRF and PXRF). Seven of these objects were microsampled and the fragments were analyzed with electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and vacuum μ-XRF to obtain quantitative data about the composition of the glass used to produce these enameled objects. As a result of the evolution of the raw materials employed to produce the base glass, three different compositional groups could be discriminated. The first group consisted of soda-lime-silica glass with a sodium source of mineral origin (with low K content) that was opacified by addition of calcium antimonate crystals. This type of glass was only used in objects made in the 12th century. Email Champlevé objects from the beginning of the 13th century onward were enameled with soda-lime-silica glass with a sodium source of vegetal origin. This type of glass, which has a higher potassium content, was opacified with SnO2 crystals. The glass used for 19th century Email Champlevé artifacts was produced with synthetic and purified components resulting in a different chemical composition compared to the other groups. Although the four analytical techniques employed in this study have their own specific characteristics, they were all found to be suitable for classifying the objects into the different chronological categories.
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Emmitt, Joshua, Andrew McAlister, Neda Bawden, and Jeremy Armstrong. "XRF and 3D Modelling on a Composite Etruscan Helmet." Applied Sciences 11, no. 17 (August 30, 2021): 8026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11178026.

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The presentation of X-ray fluorescence data (XRF) assays is commonly restricted to tables or graphical representations. While the latter may sometimes be in a 3D format, they have yet to incorporate the actual objects they are from. The presentation of multiple XRF assays on a 3D model allows for more accessible presentation of data, particularly for composite objects, and aids in their interpretation. We present a method to display and interpolate assay data on 3D models using the PyVista Python package. This creates a texture of the object that displays the relative differences in elemental composition. A crested helmet from Tomb 1036 from the Casale del Fosso necropolis, Veii, Italy, is used to exemplify this method. The results of the analysis are presented and show variation in composition across the helmet, which also corresponds with macroscopic and decorrelation stretching analyses.
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Klimasara, Anthony J. "Automated Quantitative XRF Analysis Software in Quality Control Applications." Advances in X-ray Analysis 35, A (1991): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800008739.

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AbstractA menu-driven IBM-PC/MS-DOS software system for quantitative XRF analysis was designed combining elements of pattern recognition (spectral “fingerprinting”) with mathematical correction models. The following topics are covered:-pattern recognition method; N - dimension representation-local empirical Lachance-Traill or Lucas-Tooth & Price models-EGA/VGA intelligent driver for a calibration display-dSASE III Plus “data files - accessed from dBXL/Quicksifver”, dBASE III Plus or from compiled BASIC equipped with “call subroutines”-Examples of applications (stainless steels and ceramics).In this approach, experimental alphas are computed utilizing the closest automatically preselected standards from available data files. Alpha values generated in this fashion we term “local alphas”. An intelligent software program is employed which automatically recognizes the resolution of tiie CRT display and delivers the best possible display for the available equipment. This new design also permits the utilization of dBXL/Quicksitver, dBASE III Plus or compiled BASIC resources for additional on site system customization programming. A dBASE III Plus file format is used for XRF data storage. This permits fast data exchange with a local ASCII database and also with all popular spreadsheet formats. Additionally, there are utility subroutines available which allow direct and rapid manipuiation of dBASE III Plus files in compiled BASIC. Application of this software system and graphics to stainless steels and engineered ceramic materials are demonstrated. RIGAKU Smax/PDP-11/73 and TRACOR X-RAY SPECTRACE 5000/Compaq 386 spectrometers are used in these studies.
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Skupio, Rafal. "Portable XRF spectrometer with helium flow as a tool for lithological interpretation." Geology, Geophysics and Environment 46, no. 4 (January 29, 2021): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/geol.2020.46.4.315.

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Portable EDXRF (Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence) spectrometer with the ability to perform rock tests in a helium atmosphere was applied to prepare unique calibration coefficients and mineralogical models. These data could be used for the chemical profiling, chemostratigraphy, gamma-ray, TOC and lithological interpretation of borehole geological profile. The measurements were conducted on 19 samples of sandstones and compared to the XRF data without helium flow. The acquired dataset was calibrated to the chemical laboratory tests (ICP-MS), gamma-ray spectrometry measurements (RT-50) and combined with the mineralogical data (XRD). The new methodology enables the measurement of sodium and enhances the possibility of detecting magnesium, thorium and uranium, compared to standard handheld XRF spectrometers. The applied method is dedicated to whole cores (without sample preparation) or cuttings which must be cleaned, dried, milled and pressed.
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