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Journal articles on the topic 'XUV laser'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Wild, Jan, Peter Pira, Tomas Burian, Ludek Vysin, Libor Juha, Zdenek Zelinger, Stanislav Danis, et al. "Ablation of single-crystalline cesium iodide by extreme ultraviolet capillary-discharge laser." Nukleonika 65, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nuka-2020-0031.

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AbstractExtreme ultraviolet (XUV) capillary-discharge lasers (CDLs) are a suitable source for the efficient, clean ablation of ionic crystals, which are obviously difficult to ablate with conventional, long-wavelength lasers. In the present study, a single crystal of cesium iodide (CsI) was irradiated by multiple, focused 1.5-ns pulses of 46.9-nm radiation delivered from a compact XUV-CDL device operated at either 2-Hz or 3-Hz repetition rates. The ablation rates were determined from the depth of the craters produced by the accumulation of laser pulses. Langmuir probes were used to diagnose the plasma plume produced by the focused XUV-CDL beam. Both the electron density and electron temperature were sufficiently high to confirm that ablation was the key process in the observed CsI removal. Moreover, a CsI thin film on MgO substrate was prepared by XUV pulsed laser deposition; a fraction of the film was detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

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2

JUNGWIRTH, K. "Recent highlights of the PALS research program." Laser and Particle Beams 23, no. 2 (June 2005): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034605050317.

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The Prague Asterix Laser System (PALS) research program covers a broad spectrum of laser–plasma experiments in the range of power densities of 1014-5 × 1016W/cm2, aimed at development and applications of laser plasma-based ion and soft X-ray sources of plasma based ultra-bright XUV lasers in particular. In parallel to these two main lines of research, various principal tasks of laser plasma physics are being studied, such as generation and propagation of laser-induced shock waves, laser ablation, and crater creation processes or laser imprint treatment. Results selected of numerous experimental projects performed at PALS within the period 2002–2004 are surveyed in the paper, experiments with intense soft XUV laser beams being highlighted on the first place.

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3

Helk, Tobias, Emma Berger, Sasawat Jamnuch, Lars Hoffmann, Adeline Kabacinski, Julien Gautier, Fabien Tissandier, et al. "Table-top extreme ultraviolet second harmonic generation." Science Advances 7, no. 21 (May 2021): eabe2265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abe2265.

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The lack of available table-top extreme ultraviolet (XUV) sources with high enough fluxes and coherence properties has limited the availability of nonlinear XUV and x-ray spectroscopies to free-electron lasers (FELs). Here, we demonstrate second harmonic generation (SHG) on a table-top XUV source by observing SHG near the Ti M2,3 edge with a high-harmonic seeded soft x-ray laser. Furthermore, this experiment represents the first SHG experiment in the XUV. First-principles electronic structure calculations suggest the surface specificity and separate the observed signal into its resonant and nonresonant contributions. The realization of XUV-SHG on a table-top source opens up more accessible opportunities for the study of element-specific dynamics in multicomponent systems where surface, interfacial, and bulk-phase asymmetries play a driving role.

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4

Vassakis, Emmanouil, Ioannis Orfanos, Ioannis Liontos, and Emmanouil Skantzakis. "Generation of Energetic Highly Elliptical Extreme Ultraviolet Radiation." Photonics 8, no. 9 (September 9, 2021): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8090378.

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In this study, the generation of energetic coherent extreme ultraviolet (XUV) radiation with the potential for controlled polarization is reported. The XUV radiation results from the process of high harmonic generation (HHG) in a gas phase atomic medium, driven by an intense two-color circularly polarized counter-rotating laser field, under loose focusing geometry conditions. The energy of the XUV radiation emitted per laser pulse is found to be of the order of ~100 nJ with the spectrum spanning from 17 to 26 eV. The demonstrated energy values (along with tight XUV focusing geometries) are sufficient to induce nonlinear processes. Our results challenge current perspectives regarding ultrafast investigations of chiral phenomena in the XUV spectral region.

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5

Blejchař, Tomáš, Václav Nevrlý, Michal Vašinek, Michal Dostál, Milada Kozubková, Jakub Dlabka, Martin Stachoň, et al. "Desorption/ablation of lithium fluoride induced by extreme ultraviolet laser radiation." Nukleonika 61, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nuka-2016-0023.

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Abstract The availability of reliable modeling tools and input data required for the prediction of surface removal rate from the lithium fluoride targets irradiated by the intense photon beams is essential for many practical aspects. This study is motivated by the practical implementation of soft X-ray (SXR) or extreme ultraviolet (XUV) lasers for the pulsed ablation and thin film deposition. Specifically, it is focused on quantitative description of XUV laser-induced desorption/ablation from lithium fluoride, which is a reference large band-gap dielectric material with ionic crystalline structure. Computational framework was proposed and employed here for the reconstruction of plume expansion dynamics induced by the irradiation of lithium fluoride targets. The morphology of experimentally observed desorption/ablation craters were reproduced using idealized representation (two-zone approximation) of the laser fluence profile. The calculation of desorption/ablation rate was performed using one-dimensional thermomechanic model (XUV-ABLATOR code) taking into account laser heating and surface evaporation of the lithium fluoride target occurring on a nanosecond timescale. This step was followed by the application of two-dimensional hydrodynamic solver for description of laser-produced plasma plume expansion dynamics. The calculated plume lengths determined by numerical simulations were compared with a simple adiabatic expansion (blast-wave) model.

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6

Nam, C. H., W. Tighe, S. Suckewer, U. Feldman, and J. Seely. "Generation of XUV Spectra by Powerful Picosecond Laser." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 102 (1988): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100107705.

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AbstractThe development of laser action at wavelengths shorter than those of current X-ray lasers is being investigated along two fronts. In the first case, we are exploring the possibilities for laser action at 15.4 nm in Li-like AIXI and 12.9 nm in Li-like SiXII in a magnetically confined recombining plasma. Previous work on hydrogen-like carbon, CVI, led to lasing action at 18.2 nm. Recently, this has been applied to microscopy and first results from a soft X-ray laser microscope are presented. A new technique to generate shorter wavelength X-ray lasing involves the interaction of a high power laser with a preformed plasma. The Powerful Picosecond Laser (PP-Laser) System with an output power level of 20-30 GW and focussed power density of 1016- 1017W/cm2has recently become operational. The spectra of highly ionized atoms in the XUV region were recorded on a high resolution grazing incidence spectrometer for the PP-Laser beam interacting with different solid targets.

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7

HARILAL, S. S., C. V. BINDHU, V. P. SHEVELKO, and H. J. KUNZE. "Charge-exchange collisions in interpenetrating laser-produced magnesium plasmas." Laser and Particle Beams 19, no. 1 (January 2001): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034601191159.

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Charge-exchange collisions are one of the effective pumping methods for soft X-ray lasers. Experiments are performed to investigate charge-exchange collisions between highly charged Mg ions in colliding laser-produced magnesium plasmas. Pinhole photography and XUV spectroscopy are used as diagnostic tools. Spectroscopic studies show selective population of n = 3 levels of Mg IX ions, which results in enhancement of respective line intensities. Theoretical calculations also give a large cross section as high as 10−15 cm2 for these charge-exchange collisions when the relative velocities of the colliding ions are of the order of 107 cm s−1. XUV pinhole pictures are taken in early stages, which give more insight into the expansion dynamics of the colliding magnesium plasmas.

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8

Kato, Yoshiaki. "XUV laser and plasma physics." Kakuyūgō kenkyū 59, no. 2 (1988): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1585/jspf1958.59.87.

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9

LE PAPE, S., PH ZEITOUN, P. DHEZ, M. FRANÇOIS, M. IDIR, D. ROS, and A. CARILLON. "Measurement of XUV sources' wavefronts." Laser and Particle Beams 19, no. 1 (January 2001): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034601191081.

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New fields of X-ray source applications (X-ray laser and high order harmonic generation) could appear if an intensity higher than 1012 Wcm−2 is reached. Following this goal, we have started a complete investigation of the X-ray beam wavefront both numerically and experimentally. The first XUV wavefront sensor has been developed and tested on different XUV sources. For a better comprehension of the experimental results, a numerical work (ray-trace code) has been performed. We present and discuss the first results obtained on the X-ray laser at 21.2 nm.

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10

Magunia, Alexander, Lennart Aufleger, Thomas Ding, Patrick Rupprecht, Marc Rebholz, Christian Ott, and Thomas Pfeifer. "Bound-State Electron Dynamics Driven by Near-Resonantly Detuned Intense and Ultrashort Pulsed XUV Fields." Applied Sciences 10, no. 18 (September 4, 2020): 6153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10186153.

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We report on numerical results revealing line-shape asymmetry changes of electronic transitions in atoms near-resonantly driven by intense extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) electric fields by monitoring their transient absorption spectrum after transmission through a moderately dense atomic medium. Our numerical model utilizes ultrashort broadband XUV laser pulses varied in their intensity (1014–1015 W/cm2) and detuning nearly out of resonance for a quantitative evaluation of the absorption line-shape asymmetry. It will be shown how transient energy shifts of the bound electronic states can be linked to these asymmetry changes in the case of an ultrashort XUV driving pulse temporally shorter than the lifetime of the resonant excitation, and how the asymmetry can be controlled by the near-resonant detuning of the XUV pulse. In the case of a two-level system, the numerical model is compared to an analytical calculation, which helps to uncover the underlying mechanism for the detuning- and intensity-induced line-shape modification and links it to the generalized Rabi frequency. To further apply the numerical model to recent experimental results of the near-resonant dressing of the 2s2p doubly excited state in helium by an ultrashort XUV free-electron laser pulse we extend the two-level model with an ionization continuum, thereby enabling the description of transmission-type (Fraunhofer-like) transient absorption of a strongly laser-coupled autoionizing state.

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11

Ganeev, R. A. "Strong Field-Induced Frequency Conversion of Laser Radiation in Plasma Plumes: Recent Achievements." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/127670.

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New findings in plasma harmonics studies using strong laser fields are reviewed. We discuss recent achievements in the growth of the efficiency of coherent extreme ultraviolet (XUV) radiation sources based on frequency conversion of the ultrashort pulses in the laser-produced plasmas, which allowed for the spectral and structural studies of matter through the high-order harmonic generation (HHG) spectroscopy. These studies showed that plasma HHG can open new opportunities in many unexpected areas of laser-matter interaction. Besides being considered as an alternative method for generation of coherent XUV radiation, it can be used as a powerful tool for various spectroscopic and analytical applications.

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12

Sauppe, Mario, Dimitrios Rompotis, Benjamin Erk, Sadia Bari, Tobias Bischoff, Rebecca Boll, Cédric Bomme, et al. "XUV double-pulses with femtosecond to 650 ps separation from a multilayer-mirror-based split-and-delay unit at FLASH." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 25, no. 5 (August 3, 2018): 1517–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577518006094.

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Extreme ultraviolet (XUV) and X-ray free-electron lasers enable new scientific opportunities. Their ultra-intense coherent femtosecond pulses give unprecedented access to the structure of undepositable nanoscale objects and to transient states of highly excited matter. In order to probe the ultrafast complex light-induced dynamics on the relevant time scales, the multi-purpose end-station CAMP at the free-electron laser FLASH has been complemented by the novel multilayer-mirror-based split-and-delay unit DESC (DElay Stage for CAMP) for time-resolved experiments. XUV double-pulses with delays adjustable from zero femtoseconds up to 650 picoseconds are generated by reflecting under near-normal incidence, exceeding the time range accessible with existing XUV split-and-delay units. Procedures to establish temporal and spatial overlap of the two pulses in CAMP are presented, with emphasis on the optimization of the spatial overlap at long time-delays via time-dependent features, for example in ion spectra of atomic clusters.

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13

Bleiner, Davide, Libor Juha, and Di Qu. "Soft X-ray laser ablation for nano-scale chemical mapping microanalysis." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 35, no. 6 (2020): 1051–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ja00366e.

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14

Vorontsov, V. A., M. Born, I. F. Shaikhislamov, B. N. Chichkov, and B. Wellegehausen. "Investigations on novel XUV-laser schemes." Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics 78, no. 7-8 (May 1, 2004): 979–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00340-004-1448-z.

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15

Cromwell, E., T. Trickl, Y. T. Lee, and A. H. Kung. "Ultranarrow bandwidth VUV‐XUV laser system." Review of Scientific Instruments 60, no. 9 (September 1989): 2888–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140623.

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16

Tragin, N., M. H. Key, and S. J. Rose. "Modelling High Gain XUV Laser Amplifiers." Journal of Modern Optics 37, no. 4 (April 1990): 435–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500349014550511.

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17

Levelt, P. F., K. S. E. Eikema, S. Stolte, W. Hogervorst, and W. Ubachs. "XUV-laser excitation of molecular fluorine." Chemical Physics Letters 210, no. 4-6 (July 1993): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(93)87028-2.

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18

Feng, Liqiang, R. S. Castle, and Yi Li. "XUV pulse effect on harmonic emission spectra and attosecond pulse generation." Modern Physics Letters B 31, no. 34 (December 6, 2017): 1750282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984917502827.

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The generation of the high-order harmonic and the attosecond pulse from He atom driven by the near-infrared (NIR) field combined with the XUV pulse has been theoretically investigated by solving the three-dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger equation. The results show that by properly adding the XUV pulse into the NIR field, (i) not only the harmonic yield is enhanced, caused by the laser-induced excited state effect; but also the multi-cutoff extension of the harmonics can be found, caused by the absorption of the extra XUV photons during its recombination process. (ii) With the introduction of the XUV pulse, the frequency modulation of the high-order harmonic generation (HHG) can be found and controlled. (iii) By directly superposing the harmonics in the cutoff region, two isolated XUV pulses with the durations of 150 as can be obtained.

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19

Schmid, Georg, Kirsten Schnorr, Sven Augustin, Severin Meister, Hannes Lindenblatt, Florian Trost, Yifan Liu, et al. "Reaction microscope endstation at FLASH2." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 26, no. 3 (April 9, 2019): 854–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577519002236.

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A reaction microscope dedicated to multi-particle coincidence spectroscopy on gas-phase samples is installed at beamline FL26 of the free-electron laser FLASH2 in Hamburg. The main goals of the instrument are to follow the dynamics of atoms, molecules and small clusters on their natural time-scale and to study non-linear light–matter interaction with such systems. To this end, the reaction microscope is combined with an in-line extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) split-delay and focusing optics, which allows time-resolved XUV-XUV pump–probe spectroscopy to be performed.

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20

Bayer, Armin, Frank Barkusky, Stefan Döring, Peter Großmann, and Klaus Mann. "Applications of Compact Laser-Driven EUV/XUV Plasma Sources." X-Ray Optics and Instrumentation 2010 (December 19, 2010): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/687496.

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We present an overview on the EUV/XUV activities of the Laser-Laboratorium Göttingen based on table-top laser-produced plasma (LPP) sources. As target materials, gaseous jets of noble gases or solid Gold are employed. In order to obtain high EUV fluence, a Schwarzschild objective consisting of two spherical mirrors with Mo/Si multilayer coatings is adapted to the source. By demagnified (10x) imaging of the Au plasma, an EUV spot with a maximum energy density of ∼1.3 J/cm2 is generated (3 μm diameter, pulse duration 8.8 ns). First applications of this system reveal its potential for high-resolution modification and direct structuring of solid surfaces. Additionally, an EUV/XUV setup for structural analysis was developed. Using a gas puff target combined with a grazing incidence optics (Kirkpatrick-Baez arrangement), it offers the possibility to perform angular resolved reflectivity, diffraction, and scattering experiments. For chemical analysis of various samples, an NEXAFS setup was built, based on gaseous Krypton as a broadband emitter in the water-window range around the carbon K-edge (4.4 nm). Here, proof-of-principle for NEXAFS with lab-scaled XUV sources is given on polyimide as a reference.

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21

Zapolnova, E., R. Pan, T. Golz, M. Sindik, M. Nikolic, M. Temme, M. Rabasovic, et al. "XUV-driven plasma switch for THz: new spatio-temporal overlap tool for XUV–THz pump–probe experiments at FELs." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 27, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577519014164.

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A simple and robust tool for spatio-temporal overlap of THz and XUV pulses in in-vacuum pump–probe experiments is presented. The technique exploits ultrafast changes of the optical properties in semiconductors (i.e. silicon) driven by ultrashort XUV pulses that are probed by THz pulses. This work demonstrates that this tool can be used for a large range of XUV fluences that are significantly lower than when probing by visible and near-infrared pulses. This tool is mainly targeted at emerging X-ray free-electron laser facilities, but can be utilized also at table-top high-harmonics sources.

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22

Key, M. H., W. J. Blyth, A. E. Dangor, P. Dhez, A. Djoui, L. Dwivedi, M. Holden, et al. "Development of XUV lasers at the RAL Central Laser Facility." Optical and Quantum Electronics 28, no. 3 (March 1996): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00385852.

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23

HUANG WEN-ZHONG, HE SHAO-TANG, KONG LING-HUA, HAN HONG-JUN, FANG QUAN-YU, and CHEN GUO-XING. "XUV SPECTRUM IN LASER-PRODUCED Ge PLASMA." Acta Physica Sinica 43, no. 7 (1994): 1066. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.43.1066.

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24

Li, Bowen, Takeshi Higashiguchi, Takamitsu Otsuka, Weihua Jiang, Akira Endo, Padraig Dunne, and Gerry O'Sullivan. "XUV spectra of laser-produced zirconium plasmas." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 45, no. 24 (November 30, 2012): 245004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/45/24/245004.

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25

Fajardo, M., P. Zeitoun, and J. C. Gauthier. "Hydrodynamic simulation of XUV laser-produced plasmas." European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 29, no. 1 (April 1, 2004): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2004-00004-8.

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26

Jiang), Zhiming Jiang (Z, J. C. Kieffer, and M. Chaker. "XUV Spectroscopy of Subpicosecond Laser Produced Plasmas." Chinese Physics Letters 11, no. 9 (September 1994): 554–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/11/9/008.

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27

Koble, U., J. T. Costello, J. P. Mosnier, E. T. Kennedy, and M. Martins. "XUV photoabsorption of laser generated Au vapour." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 28, no. 2 (January 28, 1995): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/28/2/008.

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28

Clement, T. S., C. Toth, J. Wu, and J. F. Young. "A reasonably practical XUV laser for applications." IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 30, no. 10 (1994): 2368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/3.328587.

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29

Pert, G. J., and S. J. Rose. "Detailed simulation of recombination XUV laser experiments." Applied Physics B Photophysics and Laser Chemistry 50, no. 4 (April 1990): 307–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00325064.

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30

Ganeev, Rashid, Ganjaboy Boltaev, Vyacheslav Kim, and Chunlei Guo. "Effects of Laser Plasma Formation on Quasi-Phase Matching of High-Order Harmonics from Nanoparticles and Atoms." Nanomaterials 9, no. 4 (April 8, 2019): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9040572.

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The application of nanoparticles (NPs) and quasi-phase matching (QPM) each play an important role in the enhancement of high-order harmonics (HHG) of ultrashort laser pulses. We analyze various regimes of nanoparticle plasma formation for the creation conditions for maximal QPM-induced enhancement of the groups of harmonics in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV). Laser plasmas were formed on the surfaces of NPs- and microparticle (MPs)-contained targets using ablation by nanosecond, picosecond, and femtosecond pulses. Different conditions of laser plasma formation (extended and perforated plasma) and variable concentrations of free electrons in these three cases of laser ablation led to modifications of QPM conditions. We demonstrate novel approaches in the optimization of QPM at the conditions of laser ablation of NPs and MPs by pulses of different durations. The formation of QPM conditions using femtosecond and picosecond heating pulses during HHG in such plasmas allowed the growth of conversion efficiency of the groups of harmonics, with the enhancement factors exceeding 25× in different ranges of XUV, contrary to less efficient QPM in the case of nanosecond pulse-induced ablation.

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31

Dao, Lap Van, and Peter Hannaford. "Perturbative Nonlinear Optics in the Extreme Ultraviolet Region." Communications in Physics 27, no. 2 (August 24, 2017): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0868-3166/27/2/9217.

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We report the investigation of the wave-mixing process with two multiple-cycle pulses having incommensurate frequencies (at 1400 nm and 800 nm). With a collinear and non-collinear configuration of the two beams, a different extreme ultraviolet (XUV) mixing field can be created at low intensity of the 800 nm field. For a high intensity of the second laser pulse we are able to amplify the XUV radiation. We show that the dynamics of the free electrons can be revealed from the frequency mixing process.

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32

Key, M. H., H. Baldis, D. Brown, M. Grande, C. Hooker, Y. Kato, C. Lewis, et al. "High power laser development and experimental applications to X-ray lasers, and short pulse energy transport." Laser and Particle Beams 8, no. 1-2 (January 1990): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600007795.

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University research in the UK with high power lasers is carried out at the SERC's Central Laser Facility with a multi-terawatt neodymium glass laser, VULCAN, and a developmental KrF laser, SPRITE. These systems are briefly described together with the design of a new KrF laser to supersede VULCAN. The new laser design, SUPERSPRITE, is based on optical and Raman multiplexing which is being developed with the present SPRITE system. The specification of SUPERSPRITE is for 3.5 kJ in 1 ns and a peak power of 300 TW in short pulses. The new technology is seen as highly cost effective in relation to neodymium glass lasers. A resume of the development of XUV lasers in the UK in collaboration with laboratories overseas is given. The work is based on laser action through recombination in highly ionized ions and recent progress includes collaborative experiments on the GEKKO XII facility in Japan which have demonstrated laser action at the shortest wavelength to date at 45 A in Mg XII. The physics of energy transport in short pulses is fundamental to the extrapolation of recombination lasers to shorter wavelengths and is being studied from a more basic standpoint using both the VULCAN and SPRITE facilities. Some details of this work are given.

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33

Zastrau, U., T. Burian, J. Chalupsky, T. Döppner, T. W. J. Dzelzainis, R. R. Fäustlin, C. Fortmann, et al. "XUV spectroscopic characterization of warm dense aluminum plasmas generated by the free-electron-laser FLASH." Laser and Particle Beams 30, no. 1 (March 2012): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026303461100067x.

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AbstractWe report on experiments aimed at the generation and characterization of solid density plasmas at the free-electron laser FLASH in Hamburg. Aluminum samples were irradiated with XUV pulses at 13.5 nm wavelength (92 eV photon energy). The pulses with duration of a few tens of femtoseconds and pulse energy up to 100 µJ are focused to intensities ranging between 1013 and 1017 W/cm2. We investigate the absorption and temporal evolution of the sample under irradiation by use of XUV and optical spectroscopy. We discuss the origin of saturable absorption, radiative decay, bremsstrahlung and atomic and ionic line emission. Our experimental results are in good agreement with simulations.

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34

Biednov, Mykola, Günter Brenner, Benjamin Dicke, Holger Weigelt, Barbara Keitel, Michael Rübhausen, and Siarhei Dziarzhytski. "Alignment of the aberration-free XUV Raman spectrometer at FLASH." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s160057751801576x.

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An extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) double-stage Raman spectrometer is permanently installed as an experimental end-station at the PG1 beamline of the soft X-ray/XUV free-electron laser in Hamburg, FLASH. The monochromator stages are designed according to the Czerny–Turner optical scheme, adapted for the XUV photon energy range, with optical elements installed at grazing-incidence angles. Such an optical scheme along with the usage of off-axis parabolic mirrors for light collimation and focusing allows for aberration-free spectral imaging on the optical axis. Combining the two monochromators in additive dispersion mode allows for reaching high resolution and superior stray light rejection, but puts high demands on the quality of the optical alignment. In order to align the instrument with the highest precision and to quantitatively characterize the instrument performance and thus the quality of the alignment, optical laser interferometry, Hartmann–Shack wavefront-sensing measurements as well as off-line soft X-ray measurements and extensive optical simulations were conducted. In this paper the concept of the alignment scheme and the procedure of the internal optical alignment are presented. Furthermore, results on the imaging quality and resolution of the first monochromator stage are shown.

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35

Maclot, S., H. Coudert-Alteirac, F. Campi, P. Rudawski, L. Rading, B. Manschwetus, C. M. Heyl, et al. "Towards XUV-pump XUV-probe experiments with attosecond pulses at the Lund Laser Centre." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 635, no. 11 (September 7, 2015): 112079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/635/11/112079.

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36

Chaulagain, U., C. Stehlé, P. Barroso, M. Kozlova, J. Nejdl, F. Suzuki Vidal, and J. Larour. "Target Design for XUV Probing of Radiative Shock Experiments." Journal of Nepal Physical Society 6, no. 1 (August 6, 2020): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnphyssoc.v6i1.30514.

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Radiative shocks are strong shocks characterized by plasma at a high temperature emitting an important fraction of its energy as radiation. Radiative shocks are commonly found in many astrophysical systems and are templates of radiative hydrodynamic flows, which can be studied experimentally using high-power lasers. This is not only important in the context of laboratory astrophysics but also to benchmark numerical studies. We present details on the design of experiments on radiative shocks in xenon gas performed at the kJ scale PALS laser facility. It includes technical specifications for the tube targets design and numerical studies with the 1-D radiative hydrodynamics code MULTI. Emphasis is given to the technical feasibility of an XUV imaging diagnostic with a 21 nm (~58 eV) probing beam, which allows to probe simultaneously the post-shock and the precursor region ahead of the shock. The novel design of the target together with the improved X-ray optics and XUV source allow to show both the dense post-shock structure and the precursor of the radiative shock.

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37

Tkachenko, Victor, Martin Büscher, Hauke Höppner, Nikita Medvedev, Vladimir Lipp, Giulio Maria Rossi, Flavio Capotondi, et al. "Time-resolved ionization measurements with intense ultrashort XUV and X-ray free-electron laser pulses." Laser and Particle Beams 37, no. 2 (April 29, 2019): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034619000326.

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AbstractModern free-electron lasers (FEL) operating in XUV (extreme ultraviolet) or X-ray range allow an access to novel research areas. An example is the ultrafast ionization of a solid by an intense femtosecond FEL pulse in XUV which consequently leads to a change of the complex index of refraction on an ultrashort timescale. The photoionization and subsequent impact ionization resulting in electronic and atomic dynamics are modeled with our hybrid code XTANT(X-ray thermal and non-thermal transitions) and a Monte Carlo code XCASCADE(X-ray-induced electron cascades). The simulations predict the temporal kinetics of FEL-induced electron cascades and thus yield temporally and spatially resolved information on the induced changes of the optical properties. In a series of experiments at FERMI and LCLS, single shot measurements with spatio-temporal encoding of the ionization process have been performed by a correlation of the FEL pump pulse with an optical femtosecond probe pulse. An excellent agreement between the experiment and the simulation has been found. We also show that such kind of experiments forms the basis for pulse duration and arrival time jitter monitoring as currently under development for XUV-FELs.

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Gao, C. Z., P. M. Dinh, P. G. Reinhard, and E. Suraud. "Towards the analysis of attosecond dynamics in complex systems." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 30 (2017): 19784–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp00995j.

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We study from a theoretical perspective the ionization of molecules and clusters induced by irradiation of a combined two-color laser field consisting of a train of attosecond XUV pulses in the presence of an IR field.

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39

Bauer, D. "Small rare gas clusters in XUV laser pulses." Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics 78, no. 7-8 (May 1, 2004): 801–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00340-004-1445-2.

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Papanyan, V., and M. Bertolotti. "Double raman scattering scheme for an XUV laser." IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 23, no. 5 (May 1987): 551–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jqe.1987.1073399.

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41

Harilal, S. S., C. V. Bindhu, V. P. Shevelko, and H.-J. Kunze. "XUV diagnostics of colliding laser-produced magnesium plasmas." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 34, no. 18 (September 12, 2001): 3717–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/34/18/309.

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42

NAM, C. H., W. TIGHE, S. SUCKEWER, U. FELDMAN, and J. SEELY. "GENERATION OF XUV SPECTRA BY POWERFUL PICOSECOND LASER." Le Journal de Physique Colloques 49, no. C1 (March 1988): C1–203—C1–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:1988139.

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Burkhalter, P. G., J. P. Apruzese, J. F. Seely, C. M. Brown, and D. A. Newman. "XUV spectral observations with two‐wavelength laser irradiation." Review of Scientific Instruments 59, no. 8 (August 1988): 1837–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140076.

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Barna, I. F., and J. M. Rost. "Photoionization of helium with ultrashort XUV laser pulses." European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 27, no. 3 (December 1, 2003): 287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2003-00272-8.

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González-Castrillo, Alberto, Alicia Palacios, Henri Bachau, and Fernando Martín. "Quenching H2autoionization interferences with ultrashort xuv laser pulses." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 388, no. 2 (November 5, 2012): 022062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/388/2/022062.

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Jannitti, E., P. Nicolosi, and G. Tondello. "XUV Absorption Spectra of Carbon Ions." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 102 (1988): 71–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100107444.

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AbstractThe photoabsorption spectra of the carbon ions have been obtained by using two laser-produced plasmas. The photoionization cross-section of the CV has been absolutely measured and the value at threshold, σ=(4.7±0.5) × 10−19cm2, as well as its behaviour at higher energies agrees quite well with the theoretical calculations.

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47

Ivanov, Rosen, Jia Liu, Günter Brenner, Maciej Brachmanski, and Stefan Düsterer. "FLASH free-electron laser single-shot temporal diagnostic: terahertz-field-driven streaking." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s160057751701253x.

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The commissioning of a terahertz-field-driven streak camera installed at the free-electron laser (FEL) FLASH at DESY in Hamburg, being able to deliver photon pulse duration as well as arrival time information with ∼10 fs resolution for each single XUV FEL pulse, is reported. Pulse durations between 300 fs and <15 fs have been measured for different FLASH FEL settings. A comparison between the XUV pulse arrival time and the FEL electron bunch arrival time measured at the FLASH linac section exhibits a correlation width of 20 fs r.m.s., thus demonstrating the excellent operation stability of FLASH. In addition, the terahertz-streaking setup was operated simultaneously to an alternative method to determine the FEL pulse duration based on spectral analysis. FLASH pulse duration derived from simple spectral analysis is in good agreement with that from terahertz-streaking measurement.

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48

Suhasaria, T., J. D. Thrower, R. Frigge, S. Roling, M. Bertin, X. Michaut, J. H. Fillion, and H. Zacharias. "XUV photodesorption of carbon cluster ions and ionic photofragments from a mixed methane–water ice." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 11 (2018): 7457–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp00171e.

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The photochemical processing of a CH₄ : D₂O 1 : 3.3 ice mixture adsorbed on a HOPG surface in the XUV regime was investigated using pulses obtained from the Free-electron LASer in Hamburg (FLASH) facility.

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KURODA, HIROTO, MASAYUKI SUZUKI, RASHID GANEEV, JUN ZHANG, MOTOYOSHI BABA, TSUNEYUKI OZAKI, ZHI YI WEI, and JIE ZHANG. "Advanced 20 TW Ti:S laser system for X-ray laser and coherent XUV generation irradiated by ultra-high intensities." Laser and Particle Beams 23, no. 2 (June 2005): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034605050329.

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In order to develop a high repetition rate X-ray lasers, the longitudinal-pumped transient collisional excitation (TCE) X-ray laser is one of the most effective pumping schemes. The high directive Ni-like Mo 18.9 nm soft X-ray laser pumped by modest laser energy has already been demonstrated by using the tabletop size Ti:sapphire/Nd:glass laser system that delivering energy of 150 mJ in 475 fs at the center wavelength of 1054 nm. The total energy in the pre-pulse and the main pulse was 150 mJ, which will make possible multi-hertz operation. To pursue the high repetition rate of the laser-driven TCE X-ray laser, we have designed a new 20 TW Ti:Sapphire laser system (600 mJ, 30 fs, 10 Hz). Special attention was paid to improve the contrast ratio, control of pulse shape as well as phase by an acoustic optic programmable dispersive filter (AOPDF) and 1 kHz preamplifier. Preliminary data have shown good laser characteristics. As the preliminary experiments, we have investigated high order harmonics generation from low-density laser plasma by using the solid target irradiated by a femtosecond laser pulse. The highest order was the 51st. harmonic at wavelength of 15.61 nm.

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Bencivenga, Filippo, Flavio Capotondi, Francesco Casolari, Francesco Dallari, Miltcho B. Danailov, Giovanni De Ninno, Daniele Fausti, et al. "Multi-colour pulses from seeded free-electron-lasers: towards the development of non-linear core-level coherent spectroscopies." Faraday Discuss. 171 (2014): 487–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4fd00100a.

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We report on new opportunities for ultrafast science thanks to the use of two-colour extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulses at the FERMI free electron laser (FEL) facility. The two pulses have been employed to carry out a pioneering FEL-pump/FEL-probe diffraction experiment using a Ti target and tuning the FEL pulses to the M_2/3-edge in order to explore the dependence of the dielectric constant on the excitation fluence. The future impact that the use of such a two-colour FEL emission will have on the development of ultrafast wave-mixing methods in the XUV/soft X-ray range is addressed and discussed.

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