Academic literature on the topic 'Xylaria cubensis'

Resumen.Antecedentes: Xylaria es un género poco estudiado en el estado de Michoacán, de tal manera que solo se había citado cinco especies para esta entidad.Objetivos: contribuir al conocimiento y distribución del género Xylaria para el estado de Michoacán.Métodos: Se realizaron colectas de manera aleatoria en la Estación Biológica Vasco de Quiroga, las recolectas provienen principalmente de bosque mesófilo de montana y bosque de pino-encinol La identificación se realizó bajo las técnicas tradicionales en Micología que incluyen estudio macro y microscópicoResultados y Conclusiones: se identificaron 16 especies de las cuales 12 son nuevos registros a saber: Xylaria arbuscula, X. berteroi, X. corniculata, X. cubensis, X. aff. gracillima, X. juruensis, X. laevis, X. liquidambaris, X. mellisii var. nuda, X. scruposa, X. subcoccophora y Xylaria sp., son los nuevos registros para Michoacán. Además se encontraron en estado natural las fases asexuales de X. cubensis (Xylocoremium flabeliforme) y de X. scruposa (Nodulisporium sp). La mayoría de las especies se encontró habitando en el bosque mesófilo de montaña.

Submitted by Carolina Rabal Biasetto null (carolinarabal@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-05-18T19:36:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Doutorado_Carolina_Rabal_Biasetto_2016.pdf: 15348096 bytes, checksum: 59245cf961f6aaf1a999156f53853b5d (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-05-20T18:01:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 biasetto_cr_dr_araiq_par.pdf: 1896284 bytes, checksum: 8b4dcb25761fe239f657abc24e10c1e7 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-20T18:01:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 biasetto_cr_dr_araiq_par.pdf: 1896284 bytes, checksum: 8b4dcb25761fe239f657abc24e10c1e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-27<br>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)<br>A capacidade biossintética dos fungos endofíticos, aliado aos estudos químico e biológicos relatados para Eugenia brasiliensis, motivou a idealização do projeto, a prospecção química, biológica e enzimática em fungos endofíticos associados a folhas, caules e frutos saudáveis de Eugenia brasiliensis e a avaliação do co-cultivo e epigenética em Xylaria cubensis, Diaporthe sp. e Colletotrichum sp., na obtenção de novas substâncias. O isolamento dos fungos endofíticos, resultou em dezessete linhagens de fungos endofíticos, sendo estes cultivados em escala reduzida em meio líquido de batata e dextrose (PDB) e Czapek, a 25 oC, sob modo estático para obtenção dos respectivos extratos brutos em AcOEt. A avaliação metabólica destes extratos foi realizada por CCDC, HPLC-DAD e RMN de 1H, como também a potencialidade enzimática e biológica pela avaliação das atividades antifúngica, anticolinesterásica e citotóxica, sendo que estes extratos demonstraram ser promissores. A prospecção inicial conduziu a seleção de três fungos endofíticos identificados como Xylaria cubensis (Eb_caH_5), Diaporthe sp. (Eb_caS_4), e Colletotrichum sp. (Eb_frmH_1), os quais foram cultivados (escala ampliada) em PDB para isolamento e determinação/elucidação estrutural dos metabólitos secundários. O estudo de Xylaria cubensis, resultou no isolamento de 8 substâncias, sendo da classe dos nucleosídeos, dicetopirazinas, isocumarinas e citocalasinas. De Diaporthe sp. foi isolado e identificado 8 substâncias: duas dicetopiperazinas, ácido nitropropiônico, uracila, tirosol, zygosporina D, pirrolidona (inédita) e alternariol. Colletotrichum sp. resultou no isolamento de 6 substâncias, sendo três dicetopiperazinas, além das substâncias N-(2-feniletil)acetamida, N-acetiltriptamina e metanoato de 2-hidroxibutila 3-indol (inédita). Todas as classes de substâncias produzidas por estes fungos endofíticos apresentam diversas atividades biológicas relatadas na literatura. Destaca-se a atividade fitotóxica da citocalasina D frente a coleóptilos de trigo superior ao herbicida comercial GOAL®. Para verificar a influência na produção metabólica de Xylaria cubensis, Diaporthe sp. e Colletotrichum sp., utilizou-se estratégias como o co-cultivo em meio sólido (PDA) e líquido (PDB) e a epigenética (escala reduzida), nas quais os endófitos mostraram produção metabólica diferente em relação à produção das monoculturas e na ausência do modulador epigenético ácido hidroxâmico suberoilanilida (SAHA), respectivamente. As ferramentas estatísticas, como PCA (Análise de componentes principais) e PLS-DA (Análise discriminante com calibração multivariada por mínimos quadrados parciais) permitiram uma rápida identificação e localização dos perfis metabólicos dos co-cultivos comparados às monoculturas. Estes dados contribuem para o conhecimento dos perfis metabólicos, biológicos e enzimáticos dos fungos endofíticos isolados de Eugenia brasiliensis, bem como suas interações com o hospedeiro.<br>The biosynthetic capacity of endophytic fungi, allied chemical and biological studies reported to Eugenia brasiliensis motivated the idealization of the project, prospection chemical, biological and enzymatic in endophytic fungi associated with healthy leaves, stems and fruits from Eugenia brasiliensis and evaluation co-culture and epigenetic in Xylaria cubensis, Diaporthe sp. and Colletotrichum sp., in obtaining new substances. The isolation of endophytic fungi resulted in seventeen endophytics fungi, these being cultivated in small scale on potato dextrose broth (PDB) and Czapek at 25 °C under static mode to obtain the corresponding crude extracts in AcOEt. The metabolic evaluation of these extracts was performed by CCDC, HPLC-DAD and 1H NMR, also enzymatic and biological potential were performed by antifungal, cytotoxic, and anticholinesterase activities, and these extracts have shown promise. The preliminary prospection led to the selection of three endophytic fungi identified as Xylaria cubensis (Eb_caH_5), Diaporthe sp. (Eb_caS_4) and Colletotrichum sp. (Eb_frmad_1) which were cultivated (larger scale) in PDB for isolation and determination or structural elucidation of secondary metabolites. The study of Xylaria cubensis resulted in the isolation of eight substances, as follows: nucleoside, diketopiperazines, isocoumarins and cytochalasins class. From Diaporthe sp. was isolated and identified eight substances, as follows: two diketopiperazines, nitropropionic acid, uracil, tyrosol, zygosporin D, pyrrolidone (unpublished) and alternariol. Colletotrichum sp. resulted in the isolation of six substances, three diketopiperazines, besides the substances N-(2-phenylethyl) acetamide, Nβ-acetyltryptamine and 3-hydroxybutan-2-yl-1H-indol-3-ylacetate (unpublished). All classes of substances produced by these endophytic fungi present several biological activities reported in the literature. Noteworthy is the phytotoxic activity of cytochalasin D against wheat coleoptile higher than commercial herbicide GOAL®. To verify the influence on the metabolic production of Xylaria cubensis, Diaporthe sp. and Colletotrichum sp., used strategies such as the co-culture on solid (PDA) and liquid medium (PDB) and epigenetic (small scale), in which endophytes showed an interesting and different metabolic production when compared with the production of monocultures and the absence of epigenetic modulator SAHA, respectively. The statistical tools, such as PCA (Principal component analysis) and PLS-DA (discriminant analysis with multivariate calibration partial least squares) allowed quick identification and location of the metabolic profiles of the co-culture compared monocultures. These data will contribute to the knowledge of the metabolic profiles, biological and enzymatic of endophytic fungi isolated from Eugenia brasiliensis and their interactions with host.<br>CNPq: 140980/2012-1

Orientador: Angela Regina Araujo<br>Co-orientador: Daniela Alonso Bocchini Martins<br>Banca: Lourdes Campaner dos Santos<br>Banca: Dulce Helena Siqueira Silva<br>Banca: Niege Araçari Jscometti Cardoso Furtado<br>Banca: Taícia Pacheco Fill<br>Resumo: A capacidade biossintética dos fungos endofíticos, aliado a os estudos químico e biológicos relatados para Eugenia brasiliensis, motivou a idealização d o projeto, a prospecção química, biológica e enzimática em fungos endofíticos associados a folhas, caules e frutos saudáveis de Eugenia brasiliensis e a avaliação do co - cultivo e epigenética em Xylaria cubensis, Diaporthe sp. e Colletotrichum sp., na obtenção de novas substâncias . O isolamento dos fungos endof íticos, resultou em dezessete linhagens de fu n gos endofíticos, sendo estes cultivados em escala reduzida em meio líquido de batata e dextrose (PDB) e Czapek, a 25 o C, sob modo estático para obtenção dos respec tivos extratos brutos em AcOEt. A avaliação met abólica destes extratos foi realizada por CCDC, HPLC - DAD e RMN de 1 H, como também a potencialidade enzimática e biológica pela avaliação das atividades antifúngica, anticolinesterásica e citotóxica, sendo que estes extratos demonstraram ser promissores . A prospecção inicial conduziu a seleção de três fungos endofíticos identificados como Xylaria cubensis (Eb_caH_5), Diaporthe sp. (Eb_caS_4), e Colletotrichum sp. (Eb_ frmH _1), os quais foram cultivados (escala ampliada) em PDB para isolamento e determinação/e lucidação estrutural dos metabólitos secundários . O estudo de Xylaria cubensis, resultou no isolamento de 8 substâncias, sendo da classe dos nucleosídeos, dicetopirazinas, isocumarinas e citocalasina s . De Diaporthe sp. foi isolado e identificado 8 substânc ias : duas dicetopiperazinas, ácido nitropropiônico, uracila, tirosol, z ygosporina D, pirrolidona (inédita) e alternariol. Colletotrichum sp. resultou no isolamento de 6 substâncias, sendo três dicetopiperazinas, além das substâncias N - (2 - fenilet il)acetamid a, N - acetiltriptamina e metanoato de 2 - hidroxibutila 3 - indol (inédita). Todas as classes de...<br>Abstract: The biosynthetic capacity of endophytic fungi, allied chemical and biological studies reported to Eugenia brasiliensis motivated the idealization of the project, prospection chemi cal, biological and enzymatic in endophyt ic fungi associated with healthy leaves, stems and fruits from Eugenia brasiliensis and evaluation co - cul tur e and epigenetic in Xylaria cubensis, Diaporthe sp. and Colletotrichum sp., in obtaining new substances. Th e isolation of endophytic fungi resulted in seventeen endophytics fungi, these being cultivated in small scale on potato dextrose broth (PDB) and Czapek at 25 ° C under static mode to obtain the corresponding crude extracts in AcOEt. The metabolic evalua tio n of these extracts was performed by CCDC, HPLC - DAD and 1 H NMR, also e nzymatic and biological po tential were performed by antifungal, cytotoxic, and anticholinesterase activities, and these extracts have shown promise . The preliminary prospection led to th e selection of three endophytic fungi identified as Xylaria cubensis (Eb_caH_5), Diaporthe sp. (Eb_caS_4) and Colletotrichum sp. (Eb_frmad_1) which were culti vated ( large r scale) in PDB fo r isolation and determination or structural elucidation of secondary metabolites. The study of Xylaria cubensis resulted in the isolation of eight substances, as follows: nucleoside, diketopiperazine s, isocoumarins and c ytochalasins class . From Diaporthe sp. was isolated and identifi ed eight substances, as follows: two dik etopiperazine s, nitropropionic acid, uracil, tyrosol, z ygosporin D, pyrrolidone (unpublished) and alternariol. Colletotrichum sp. resulted in the isolation of six substances, three diketopiperazine s, besides the substances N - (2 - phenylethyl) acetamide, N β - acetyltry ptamin e and 3 - hydroxybutan - 2 - yl - 1H - indol - 3 - ylacetate (unpublished ). All classes of substances produced by these endophytic fungi present severa...<br>Doutor

碩士<br>高雄醫學大學<br>天然藥物研究所<br>100<br>Xylaria cubensis and Mollisia sp. were two endophytic fungi found in the Taiwan endemic plants. The former was isolated from the leaves of Litsea akoensis Hayata var. akoensis (Lauraceae) and the latter was obtained from the root bark of Ardisia cornudentata Mez (Myrsinaceae). Xylaria cubensis was processed through liquid fermentation, while Mollisia sp. was cultured by solid‐state fermentation. The BuOH extract of Xylaria cubensis was partitioned with EtOAc and H2O. Chromatographic fractionation of the EtOAc layer led to the isolation of six new compounds: akonaphthalenol (1), akoenic acid (2), akolitserin (3), akotriol (4), akodionine (5), and xylaritriol (6), along with seven known compounds, including (R)-(－)-5-carbomethoxymellein (7), (R)-(－)-7-hydroxymellein (8), (S)-(＋)-piliformic acid (9), methyl indole-3-carboxylate (65), 4-(2''-hydroxyethyl)phenol (83), (R)-8-O-methylmellein (138), and (R)-5-methylmellein (139). Bioassay‐guided fractionation of the active EtOAc‐soluble layer of Mollisia sp. has led to the isolation of 15 compounds, including three new compounds：mollisinol A (10), mollisinol B (11), and mollisipyrrolal (13) and one first isolated from nature：mollisilactone (12), along with 11 known compounds ： palmitic acid (14), (R)-(－)-mevalolactone (15), chrysophanol (16), emodin (17), β-sitostenone (18), a mixture of β-sitosterol (19) and stigmasterol (20), ergosterol peroxide (21), 9,11- dehydroergosterol peroxide (22), 9-hydroxycerevisterol (23), and cerevisterol (191).The structures of these isolates were elucidated by spectroscopic evidences. So far, the isolates with enough amounts were screened for their ability to inhibit NO or IL‐6 production in LPS‐activated RAW 264.7 cells. Among these isolates, ergosterol peroxide (21) inhibited NO production in activated macrophages, and (R)‐ (－)‐7‐hydroxymellein(8) and emodin (17) showed IL-6 inhibitory activity, and the values of IC50 were 36.99, 9.41, and 5.97 μM, respectively.