Relevant bibliographies by topics / Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS)

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Academic literature on the topic 'Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS)"

1

De Maesschalck, C., V. Eeckhaut, L. Maertens, L. De Lange, L. Marchal, C. Nezer, S. De Baere, et al. "Effects of Xylo-Oligosaccharides on Broiler Chicken Performance and Microbiota." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 17 (June 19, 2015): 5880–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01616-15.

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ABSTRACTIn broiler chickens, feed additives, including prebiotics, are widely used to improve gut health and to stimulate performance. Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) are hydrolytic degradation products of arabinoxylans that can be fermented by the gut microbiota. In the current study, we aimed to analyze the prebiotic properties of XOS when added to the broiler diet. Administration of XOS to chickens, in addition to a wheat-rye-based diet, significantly improved the feed conversion ratio. XOS significantly increased villus length in the ileum. It also significantly increased numbers of lactobacilli in the colon andClostridiumcluster XIVa in the ceca. Moreover, the number of gene copies encoding the key bacterial enzyme for butyrate production, butyryl-coenzyme A (butyryl-CoA):acetate CoA transferase, was significantly increased in the ceca of chickens administered XOS. In this group of chickens, at the species level,Lactobacillus crispatusandAnaerostipes butyraticuswere significantly increased in abundance in the colon and cecum, respectively.In vitrofermentation of XOS revealed cross-feeding betweenL. crispatusandA. butyraticus. Lactate, produced byL. crispatusduring XOS fermentation, was utilized by the butyrate-producingAnaerostipesspecies. These data show the beneficial effects of XOS on broiler performance when added to the feed, which potentially can be explained by stimulation of butyrate-producing bacteria through cross-feeding of lactate and subsequent effects of butyrate on gastrointestinal function.
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Gobinath, Duraiswamy, Arenahalli N. Madhu, Giribhattanavar Prashant, Krishnapura Srinivasan, and Siddalingaiya G. Prapulla. "Beneficial effect of xylo-oligosaccharides and fructo-oligosaccharides in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats." British Journal of Nutrition 104, no. 1 (February 26, 2010): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114510000243.

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The beneficial influences of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) obtained from alkali-pretreated corncob and fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) obtained from cane sugar were evaluated in experimental diabetes. These oligosaccharides were supplemented at 10 % (w/w) in the basal diet of streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats, while the control rats were fed with a basal diet for a period of 6 weeks. Both the oligosaccharides exerted favourable influences in diabetic rats by significantly improving body weight and reducing hyperglycaemia and cholesterol. The characteristic diabetic complications such as severe glucosuria, proteinuria and advanced glycation end products in renal tissue, diabetic nephropathy, and blood creatinine and urea concentrations were notably reduced. Besides, these oligosaccharide supplementations significantly increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes – catalase and glutathione reductase – in the blood of diabetic rats. Supplementation of XOS and FOS resulted in a significant increase in the bifidobacteria and lactobacilli population in the caecum. The present study indicates that XOS and FOS have an ameliorating influence on metabolic abnormalities associated with diabetes, besides conferring an optimal milieu of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, thus suggesting their potential health benefit in diabetics.
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Ding, Hao, Xichen Zhao, Md Abul Kalam Azad, Cui Ma, Qiankun Gao, Jianhua He, and Xiangfeng Kong. "Dietary supplementation with Bacillus subtilis and xylo-oligosaccharides improves growth performance and intestinal morphology and alters intestinal microbiota and metabolites in weaned piglets." Food & Function 12, no. 13 (2021): 5837–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1fo00208b.

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The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with Bacillus subtilis (BS) and xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) on growth performance, intestinal morphology, intestinal microbial community, and metabolites of weaned piglets.
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4

Lensu, Sanna, Raghunath Pariyani, Elina Mäkinen, Baoru Yang, Wisam Saleem, Eveliina Munukka, Maarit Lehti, et al. "Prebiotic Xylo-Oligosaccharides Ameliorate High-Fat-Diet-Induced Hepatic Steatosis in Rats." Nutrients 12, no. 11 (October 22, 2020): 3225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12113225.

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Understanding the importance of the gut microbiota (GM) in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has raised the hope for therapeutic microbes. We have shown that high hepatic fat content associated with low abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in humans and, further, the administration of F. prausnitzii prevented NAFLD in mice. Here, we aimed at targeting F. prausnitzii by prebiotic xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) to treat NAFLD. First, the effect of XOS on F. prausnitzii growth was assessed in vitro. Then, XOS was supplemented or not with high (HFD, 60% of energy from fat) or low (LFD) fat diet for 12 weeks in Wistar rats (n = 10/group). XOS increased F. prausnitzii growth, having only a minor impact on the GM composition. When supplemented with HFD, XOS ameliorated hepatic steatosis. The underlying mechanisms involved enhanced hepatic β-oxidation and mitochondrial respiration. Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) analysis of cecal metabolites showed that, compared to the HFD, the LFD group had a healthier cecal short-chain fatty acid profile and on the HFD, XOS reduced cecal isovalerate and tyrosine, metabolites previously linked to NAFLD. Cecal branched-chain fatty acids associated positively and butyrate negatively with hepatic triglycerides. In conclusion, XOS supplementation can ameliorate NAFLD by improving hepatic oxidative metabolism and affecting GM.
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5

Mäkeläinen, H., S. Forssten, M. Saarinen, J. Stowell, N. Rautonen, and A. Ouwehand. "Xylo-oligosaccharides enhance the growth of bifidobacteria and Bifidobacterium lactis in a simulated colon model." Beneficial Microbes 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2010): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/bm2009.0025.

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A semi-continuous, anaerobic colon simulator, with four vessels mimicking the conditions of the human large intestine, was used to study the fermentation of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS). Three XOS compounds and a xylan preparation were fermented for 48 hours by human colonic microbes. Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) were used as a prebiotic reference. As a result of the fermentation, the numbers of Bifidobacterium increased in all XOS and xylan simulations when compared to the growth observed in the baseline simulations, and increased levels of Bifidobacterium lactis were measured with the two XOS compounds that had larger distribution of the degree of polymerisation. Fermentation of XOS and xylan increased the microbial production of short chain fatty acids in the simulator vessels; especially the amounts of butyrate and acetate were increased. XOS was more efficient than FOS in increasing the numbers of B. lactis in the colonic model, whereas FOS increased the Bifidobacterium longum numbers more. The selective fermentation of XOS by B. lactis has been demonstrated in pure culture studies, and these results further indicate that the combination of B. lactis and XOS would form a successful, selective synbiotic combination.
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Shu, Guo Wei, Man Hu, Tao Qin, He Chen, and Qi Ma. "Effect of Fructo-Oligosaccharide, Isomalto-Oligosaccharide, Inulin and Xylo-Oligosaccharide on Survival of B. Bifidum during Freeze-Drying." Advanced Materials Research 382 (November 2011): 454–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.382.454.

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Four different prebiotics including fructo-oligosaccharide isomalto-oligosaccharide, inulin and xylo-oligosaccharide were screened for their effects on survival of Bifidobacterium bifidum during freeze-drying. The additions of prebiotics (v/v) were all 4%, 8%, 12%, 16% and 20%. The results showed that prebiotics could act on Bifidobacterium Bifidum. The optimum concentration of fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) in samples for surival of Bifidobacterium bifidum was 12% and for viable count was 20％. Addition of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) played a significant role in promoting cell viablity when it was in low level. The optimum concentration of isomalto-oligosaccharides (IMO) for surival of Bifidobacterium bifidum was 16% and for viable count was 12％, while inulin in samples for surival and viable cell of Bifidobacterium bifidum both was 4％.
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7

Gilad, Ofir, Susanne Jacobsen, Birgitte Stuer-Lauridsen, Martin Bastian Pedersen, Christel Garrigues, and Birte Svensson. "Combined Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 Grown on Xylo-Oligosaccharides and a Model of Their Utilization." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 21 (September 17, 2010): 7285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00738-10.

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ABSTRACT Recent studies have demonstrated that xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS), which are classified as emerging prebiotics, selectively enhance the growth of bifidobacteria in general and of B ifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis strains in particular. To elucidate the metabolism of XOS in the well-documented and widely used probiotic strain B. animalis subsp. lactis BB-12, a combined proteomic and transcriptomic approach was applied, involving DNA microarrays, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), and two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) analyses of samples obtained from cultures grown on either XOS or glucose. The analyses show that 9 of the 10 genes that encode proteins predicted to play a role in XOS catabolism (i.e., XOS-degrading and -metabolizing enzymes, transport proteins, and a regulatory protein) were induced by XOS at the transcriptional level, and the proteins encoded by three of these (β-d-xylosidase, sugar-binding protein, and xylose isomerase) showed higher abundance on XOS. Based on the obtained results, a model for the catabolism of XOS in BB-12 is suggested, according to which the strain utilizes an ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transport system (probably for oligosaccharides) to bind XOS on the cell surface and transport them into the cell. XOS are then degraded intracellularly through the action of xylanases and xylosidases to d-xylose, which is subsequently metabolized by the d-fructose-6-P shunt. The findings obtained in this study may have implications for the design of a synbiotic application containing BB-12 and the XOS used in the present study.
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8

Guerreiro, Inês, Ana Couto, Amalia Pérez-Jiménez, Aires Oliva-Teles, and Paula Enes. "Gut morphology and hepatic oxidative status of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles fed plant feedstuffs or fishmeal-based diets supplemented with short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides and xylo-oligosaccharides." British Journal of Nutrition 114, no. 12 (October 5, 2015): 1975–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114515003773.

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AbstractThe effects of short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scFOS) and xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) on gut morphology and hepatic oxidative status were studied in European sea bass juveniles weighing 60 g. Fish were fed diets including fishmeal (FM diets) or plant feedstuffs (PF diets; 30 FM:70 PF) as main protein sources (control diets). Four other diets were formulated similar to the control diets but including 1 % scFOS or 1 % XOS. At the end of the trial, fish fed PF-based diets presented histomorphological alterations in the distal intestine, whereas only transient alterations were observed in the pyloric caeca. Comparatively to fish fed FM-based diets, fish fed PF diets had higher liver lipid peroxidation (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, and lower glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities. In fish fed the PF diets, prebiotic supplementation decreased SOD activity and XOS supplementation further decreased CAT activity. In fish fed the FM diets, XOS supplementation promoted a reduction of all antioxidant enzyme activities. Overall, dietary XOS and scFOS supplementation had only minor effects on gut morphology or LPO levels. However, dietary XOS reduced antioxidant enzymatic activity in both PF and FM diets, which indicate a positive effect on reduction of hepatic reactive oxygen species production.
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9

Gao, Hang, and Zhenlei Zhou. "Effect of Xylo-Oligosaccharides Supplementation by Drinking Water on the Bone Properties and Related Calcium Transporters in Growing Mice." Nutrients 12, no. 11 (November 19, 2020): 3542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12113542.

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Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS), non-digestible oligosaccharides, have the potential to regulate intestinal microorganisms, and thus, improve host health, but little evidence exists for the prebiotic effects on bone health. This study evaluates the dose-response effect of XOS supplementation on bone properties, the morphology of the intestine, cecum pH, and cecum wall weight, as well as the related calcium transporters. Ninety-six 28-day-old male mice were randomized into one of four groups, fed the same commercial diet, and given different types of deionized water containing 0, 1, 2, or 4% XOS by concentration for 30 days. Eight mice were randomly selected to accomplish particular tasks every 10 days. No significant differences in serum Ca and P levels and growth performance were observed among the four studied groups. XOS intervention significantly decreased cecum pH and increased cecum wall weight in a dose-dependent manner. At the late growth stage, compared with 0% XOS, the bone mineral density (BMD) and bone-breaking strength in 4% XOS were significantly higher. The bone crystallinity with 4% XOS, measured by Raman spectrum, was significantly enhanced compared to that with 0% XOS during later growth. The villus height and villus height to crypt depth (VH:CD) were enhanced with an increase of XOS concentration during the later stage of growth. The expression of transient receptor potential vanillin receptor 6 (TRPV6) and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 1 (NCX1) in the duodenum were enhanced by XOS supplementation. XOS exerted a positive influence on bone properties by decreasing the cecum pH, increasing the cecum wall and villus structure, and upregulating the expression of related calcium transporters.
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10

Cordero, Gustavo, Jae Cheol Kim, Natasha Whenham, Helen Masey-O’Neill, Saksit Srinongkote, and Gemma González-Ortiz. "163 Xylanase and fermentable xylo-oligosaccharides improve performance in grower-finisher pigs fed a corn-soybean meal based diet." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_2 (July 2019): 91–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz122.166.

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Abstract Cecal inoculum collected from broilers fed a diet supplemented with xylanase showed increased gas production in an in vitro fermentation study with arabinoxylan-based substrates, indicating that intestinal microbiota can adapt to increase the capability to ferment arabinoxylans when pre-exposed to xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) produced by xylanase. As the most abundant non-starch polysaccharides in a corn-soybean meal-based diet is arabinoxylan, this study tested the hypothesis that a blend of a xylanase and XOS will improve growth performance of pigs compared with those fed a diet supplemented with xylanase alone. One hundred twenty male crossbred (Landrace x Large white x Duroc) pigs (77 days average age; 30 kg average body weight -BW) were allocated to one of three treatments: CTR (control diet), XYL (CTR diet supplemented with 100 g/t of xylanase [Econase XT, AB Vista]) and XYL+XOS [CTR diet supplemented with 100 g/t of xylanase and XOS (Signis, AB Vista)]. Each treatment had ten replicates, with 4 animals each. The control diet was formulated with corn, soybean meal, DDGS and cassava meal as major ingredients. Pelleted diets were fed over 3 phases: grower (30–60 kg), finisher 1 (60–80 kg) and finisher 2 (80–100 kg). Average daily gain (ADG) and daily feed intake (ADFI) were measured from 30 to 100 kg and feed efficiency calculated (FCR). No treatment effects were observed on ADFI. Pigs offered the XYL+XOS had increased ADG (CTR = 1.058 vs XYL+XOS= 1.086 g/pig/d; P = 0.02) compared with those supplemented with xylanase alone (CTR = 1.058 vs XYL = 1.067 g/pig/d; P = 0.40). Feed efficiency was improved with XYL (2.65; P = 0.042) and XYL+XOS (2.60; P < 0.001) compared with CTR (2.71). These results suggest that xylanase in combination with XOS further improves daily gain and FCR compared with a xylanase alone. Interestingly the differences between XYL and XYL+XOS become more apparent in older animals, when the microbiome matures and possibly digests fiber more effectively.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS)"

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"Avaliação da produção de oligossacarídeos a partir de um subproduto de Eucalyptus /." Araraquara, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183312.

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Book chapters on the topic "Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS)"

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Pavlovich-Abril, Alán. "Production of Xylo-Oligosaccharides (XOS) from Biomass Waste by Hydrothermal Treatment." In Food Process Engineering and Quality Assurance, 39–59. Apple Academic Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315232966-3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS)"

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Rahmani, Nanik, Alifah Mafatikhul Jannah, Puspita Lisdiyanti, Bambang Prasetya, and Yopi. "Enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass by Kitasatospora sp. to produce xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS)." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2017. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5011878.

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