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Journal articles on the topic 'Xylogenesis'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Della Rovere, Federica, Laura Fattorini, Marilena Ronzan, Giuseppina Falasca, Maria Maddalena Altamura, and Camilla Betti. "Jasmonic Acid Methyl Ester Induces Xylogenesis and Modulates Auxin-Induced Xylary Cell Identity with NO Involvement." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 18 (September 10, 2019): 4469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20184469.

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In Arabidopsis basal hypocotyls of dark-grown seedlings, xylary cells may form from the pericycle as an alternative to adventitious roots. Several hormones may induce xylogenesis, as Jasmonic acid (JA), as well as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) auxins, which also affect xylary identity. Studies with the ethylene (ET)-perception mutant ein3eil1 and the ET-precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), also demonstrate ET involvement in IBA-induced ectopic metaxylem. Moreover, nitric oxide (NO), produced after IBA/IAA-treatments, may affect JA signalling and interact positively/negatively with ET. To date, NO-involvement in ET/JA-mediated xylogenesis has never been investigated. To study this, and unravel JA-effects on xylary identity, xylogenesis was investigated in hypocotyls of seedlings treated with JA methyl-ester (JAMe) with/without ACC, IBA, IAA. Wild-type (wt) and ein3eil1 responses to hormonal treatments were compared, and the NO signal was quantified and its role evaluated by using NO-donors/scavengers. Ectopic-protoxylem increased in the wt only after treatment with JAMe(10 μM), whereas in ein3eil1 with any JAMe concentration. NO was detected in cells leading to either xylogenesis or adventitious rooting, and increased after treatment with JAMe(10 μM) combined or not with IBA(10 μM). Xylary identity changed when JAMe was applied with each auxin. Altogether, the results show that xylogenesis is induced by JA and NO positively regulates this process. In addition, NO also negatively interacts with ET-signalling and modulates auxin-induced xylary identity.

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2

Garcia-Forner, Núria, Joana Vieira, Cristina Nabais, Ana Carvalho, Jordi Martínez-Vilalta, and Filipe Campelo. "Climatic and physiological regulation of the bimodal xylem formation pattern in Pinus pinaster saplings." Tree Physiology 39, no. 12 (October 14, 2019): 2008–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpz099.

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Abstract Seasonality in tree cambial activity and xylem formation encompass large variation in environmental conditions. Abiotic stressors such as warming or drought also modulate plant behavior at species and individual level. Despite xylem formation susceptibility to carbon (C) and water availability, it is still unknown which are the key physiological variables that regulate xylogenesis, and to what extent plant performance contributes to further explain the number of cells in the different phases of xylem development. Xylogenesis and physiological behavior was monitored in saplings of Pinus pinaster Aiton, a bimodal growth pattern species, distributed in different irrigation regimes. Xylogenesis and plant physiological behavior were compared between treatments and the relationship between climate, physiology and the number of cells in the cambium, enlargement and cell-wall thickening phases was evaluated. Xylogenesis regulation shifted from physiological to climatic control as cell differentiation advanced to mature tracheids. The number of cells in the cambium increased with assimilation rates and decreased with the water potential gradient through the plant. Enlargement was the most susceptible phase to plant relative water content, whereas no physiological variable contributed to explain the number of cells in the wall thickening phase, which declined as temperatures increased. All treatments showed a bimodal growth pattern with a second growth period starting when primary growth was completed and after plants had experienced the highest summer hydraulic losses. Our study demonstrates the importance of including physiological responses and not only climate to fully understand xylogenesis, with special attention to the enlargement phase. This is critical when studying species with a bimodal growth pattern because the second growth peak responds to internal shifts of C allocation and may strongly depend on plant hydraulic responses and not on a fine tuning of cambial activity with soil water availability.

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3

Li, Xiaoxia, J. Julio Camarero, Bradley Case, Eryuan Liang, and Sergio Rossi. "The onset of xylogenesis is not related to distance from the crown in Smith fir trees from the southeastern Tibetan Plateau." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 46, no. 6 (June 2016): 885–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2016-0092.

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Young and mature trees are usually characterized by asynchronous growth resumption of xylem. Here, we test the hypothesis that the later onset of xylem growth in older trees is related to the longer distance of the stem from the developing buds, which represents the main source of hormones triggering vascular tissue differentiation. We compared the onset of xylogenesis at different heights along the stems of young and mature Smith fir (Abies georgei var. smithii (Viguie & Gaussen) W. C. Cheng & L. K. Fu)) trees in the Sygera Mountains, southeastern Tibetan Plateau. Xylem formation was monitored weekly in 2012 on anatomical sections of wood microcores. The onset of xylogenesis differed between young and mature trees, with most phases occurring 2 weeks later in mature trees. No effect of the sampling height was observed on the growth resumption. Our results suggest that the later resumption of xylogenesis in older conifer trees is not related to their longer distance from the crown.

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4

Fukuda, Hiroo. "XYLOGENESIS: INITIATION, PROGRESSION, AND CELL DEATH." Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 47, no. 1 (June 1996): 299–325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.47.1.299.

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5

Roberts, Keith, and Maureen C. McCann. "Xylogenesis: the birth of a corpse." Current Opinion in Plant Biology 3, no. 6 (December 2000): 517–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1369-5266(00)00122-9.

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6

Fukuda, Hiroo, Yoriko Watanabe, Hideo Kuriyama, Shigemi Aoyagi, Munetaka Sugiyama, Ryo Yamamoto, Taku Demura, and Atsushi Minami. "Programming of cell death during xylogenesis." Journal of Plant Research 111, no. 2 (June 1998): 253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02512179.

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7

Pompa-García, Marín, J. Julio Camarero, Michele Colangelo, and José Luis Gallardo-Salazar. "Xylogenesis is uncoupled from forest productivity." Trees 35, no. 4 (February 28, 2021): 1123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00468-021-02102-1.

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8

Savidge, Rodney Arthur. "Xylogenesis, Genetic and Environmental Regulation-A Review-." IAWA Journal 17, no. 3 (1996): 269–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90001580.

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A critique is provided of the physical and chemical control of primary and secondary xylem development in terms of mechanics, genetics, phylogenetics, and the larger field of plant physiology. Strengths and weaknesses of the phytohormone theory of vascular development are analyzed. Homeobox genes, sub-cellular phytohormone localization, anatomical responses to varied phytohormone ratios and dosages, polar auxin transport, second messengers, radial fluxes in water potential, intercellular signalling, lignin biochemistry, and the phylogenetic position of bryophytes in relation to xylogenesis are identified as some areas for future research. Homeodomain proteins are addressed in terms of cambial initials and cell-fate determination, and other genetic and environmental factors controlling differentiation of diverse cellular phenotypes are reviewed. As a 'continuum hypothesis', it is proposed that the extent of secondary wall sculpturing during tracheary element differentiation is a function of the duration of homeotic gene expression.

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9

Aloni, R. "Control of xylogenesis within the whole tree." Annales des Sciences Forestières 46, Supplement (1989): 267s—272s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:19890563.

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10

Ďurčeková, Katarína, Jana Huttová, Igor Mistrík, Marta Ollé, and Ladislav Tamás. "Cadmium induces premature xylogenesis in barley roots." Plant and Soil 290, no. 1-2 (December 8, 2006): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-006-9111-6.

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11

Lupi, C., H. Morin, A. Deslauriers, and S. Rossi. "Xylogenesis in black spruce: does soil temperature matter?" Tree Physiology 32, no. 1 (December 30, 2011): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpr132.

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12

Liu, Shushan, Xiaoxia Li, Sergio Rossi, Lily Wang, Wei Li, Eryuan Liang, and Steven W. Leavitt. "Differences in xylogenesis between dominant and suppressed trees." American Journal of Botany 105, no. 5 (May 2018): 950–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1089.

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13

Vieira, Joana, Sergio Rossi, Filipe Campelo, Helena Freitas, and Cristina Nabais. "Xylogenesis of Pinus pinaster under a Mediterranean climate." Annals of Forest Science 71, no. 1 (October 30, 2013): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13595-013-0341-5.

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14

Li, Changtao, Lingling Xuan, Yuming He, Jie Wang, Hui Zhang, Yeqing Ying, Aimin Wu, Antony Bacic, Wei Zeng, and Lili Song. "Molecular Mechanism of Xylogenesis in Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) Shoots during Cold Storage." Polymers 11, no. 1 (December 27, 2018): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11010038.

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A bamboo shoot is the immature stem of the woody grass and a nutritious and popular vegetable in East Asia. However, it undergoes a rapid xylogenesis process right after harvest, even being stored in a cold chamber. To investigate the molecular regulation mechanisms of xylogenesis in Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) shoots (MBSes) during cold storage, the measurement of cell wall polymers (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) and related enzyme activities (phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), peroxidase (POD), and xylan xylosyltransferase (XylT)) and transcriptomic analysis were performed during cold storage. It was noticed that cellulose and lignin contents increased, while hemicellulose content exhibited a downward trend. PAL, CAD, and POD activity presented an upward trend generally in MBS when stored at 4 °C for 16 days. XylT activity showed a descending trend during the stages of storage, but slightly increased during the 8th to 12th days after harvest at 4 °C. Transcriptomic analysis identified 72, 28, 44, and 31 functional unigenes encoding lignin, cellulose, xylan biosynthesis enzymes, and transcription factors (TFs), respectively. Many of these secondary cell wall (SCW)-related genes showed higher expression levels in the later period of cold storage. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of the selected genes conformed to the expression pattern. Our study provides a comprehensive analysis of MBS secondary wall biosynthesis at the molecular level during the cold storage process. The results give insight into the xylogenesis process of this economically important vegetable and shed light on solving this problem of the post-harvest industry.

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15

Gahan, P. B., E. Pinto, S. Court, K. Eze, L. Wang, and S. H. Mantell. "Plant growth regulator-induced xylogenesis in cotyledons ofSolanum aviculare." Journal of Experimental Botany 45, no. 11 (1994): 1523–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/45.11.1523.

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16

Pearce, David, A. Raymond Miller, Lorin W. Roberts, and Richard P. Pharis. "Gibberellin-Mediated Synergism of Xylogenesis in Lettuce Pith Cultures." Plant Physiology 84, no. 4 (August 1, 1987): 1121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.84.4.1121.

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17

Camarero, Jesús Julio, José Miguel Olano, and Alfonso Parras. "Plastic bimodal xylogenesis in conifers from continental Mediterranean climates." New Phytologist 185, no. 2 (November 5, 2009): 471–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03073.x.

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18

Sudibyo, A. S., and J. W. Anderson. "Xylogenesis and phenylpropanoid metabolism in cultured Zinnia mesophyll cells." Phytochemistry 34, no. 5 (November 1993): 1245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80009-p.

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19

Zhao, Xianhai, Tingting Tong, HuiLing Li, Haojun Lu, Junli Ren, Aiping Zhang, Xiaomei Deng, Xiaoyang Chen, and Ai-Min Wu. "Characterization of hemicelluloses from Neolamarckia cadamba (Rubiaceae) during xylogenesis." Carbohydrate Polymers 156 (January 2017): 333–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.09.041.

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20

Vieira, Joana, Ana Carvalho, and Filipe Campelo. "Xylogenesis in the early life stages of maritime pine." Forest Ecology and Management 424 (September 2018): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.04.037.

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21

Rossi, Sergio, Annie Deslauriers, Jozica Griçar, Jeong-Wook Seo, Cyrille BK Rathgeber, Tommaso Anfodillo, Hubert Morin, Tom Levanic, Primoz Oven, and Risto Jalkanen. "Critical temperatures for xylogenesis in conifers of cold climates." Global Ecology and Biogeography 17, no. 6 (November 2008): 696–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2008.00417.x.

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22

Lachaud, Suzanne. "Xylogénèse chez les Dicotylédones arborescentes. V. Formation du bois de tension et transport de l'acide indole acétique tritié chez le Hêtre." Canadian Journal of Botany 65, no. 6 (June 1, 1987): 1253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b87-174.

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Upper stems of young beeches (Fagus silvatica L.) were bent into Jaccard loops in May. If they stayed on the tree, they produced a wide arc of extreme tension wood on the upper side of the loop, which contained numerous gelatinous fibers, few vessels, and little axial parenchyma. On the lower side of these loops, xylogenesis was nearly stopped. If bent stems were removed from the tree, xylogenesis was far less asymmetric: the wood formed on the upper side contained normal vessels and axial parenchyma, but also gelatinous fibers; on the lower side, the wood was normal. Transport and metabolism of 3H-labelled indole acetic acid was studied in both models. In intact loops left on the trees, lateral auxin transport took place mainly towards the lower half of the stem. In isolated loops, no preferential direction could be detected for lateral auxin transport. Extreme tension wood differentiation on the upper side of a bent stem requires the intervention of correlative factors, not only from buds, but also from the base of the tree, which particularly influence lateral downward transport of auxin.

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23

Linares, Juan Carlos, J. Julio Camarero, and José Antonio Carreira. "Plastic responses of Abies pinsapo xylogenesis to drought and competition." Tree Physiology 29, no. 12 (December 2009): 1525–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpp084.

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24

D'Orangeville, L., B. Cote, D. Houle, and H. Morin. "The effects of throughfall exclusion on xylogenesis of balsam fir." Tree Physiology 33, no. 5 (April 19, 2013): 516–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpt027.

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25

Shinohara, Naoki, Koichi Kakegawa, and Hiroo Fukuda. "Monoclonal antibody-based analysis of cell wall remodeling during xylogenesis." Journal of Plant Research 128, no. 6 (October 13, 2015): 975–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10265-015-0758-z.

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26

Roberts, L. W., and S. Baba. "Evidence that auxin-induced xylogenesis in Lactuca explants requires calmodulin." Environmental and Experimental Botany 27, no. 3 (July 1987): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0098-8472(87)90038-4.

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27

Rossi, Sergio, Hubert Morin, and Annie Deslauriers. "Multi-scale Influence of Snowmelt on Xylogenesis of Black Spruce." Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 43, no. 3 (August 2011): 457–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1657/1938-4246-43.3.457.

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28

Savidge, R. A., and H. Förster. "Seasonal activity of uridine 5'-diphosphoglucose:coniferyl alcohol glucosyltransferase in relation to cambial growth and dormancy in conifers." Canadian Journal of Botany 76, no. 3 (March 1, 1998): 486–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b98-015.

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Uridine 5'-diphosphoglucose:coniferyl alcohol glucosyltransferase (CAGT), the enzyme catalyzing synthesis of coniferin from coniferyl alcohol and uridine 5'-diphosphoglucose, was investigated throughout an annual cycle of cambial growth and dormancy in Pinus banksiana Lamb. During dormancy, CAGT activity was not detected in the cambium. CAGT became weakly active in springtime when fusiform cells of the lateral meristem changed from densely protoplasmic to highly vacuolated states, just prior to resumption of cell-division activity. During cambial growth and xylogenesis, CAGT activity in cambial derivatives was greater than that found in the cambial zone. In both cambial zone and developing xylem, seasonally changing CAGT activity paralleled seasonal variation in endogenous coniferin content. CAGT activity disappeared when the cambium entered dormancy in August, prior to completion of lignification in the last differentiating latewood tracheids. In vitro, exogenous coniferin at 0.1 mmol ·L-1 promoted CAGT activity (optimum pH 7.8, temperature 40°C); however, coniferin at >10 mmol ·L-1 inhibited CAGT activity, in agreement with endogenous coniferin content of developing xylem not exceeding that level. The results indicate that the promoter controlling CAGT gene expression may be cambial specific and linked to the overall control of seasonal cambial growth and dormancy.Key words: cambium, coniferin, lignin, phenology, Pinus banksiana, xylogenesis.

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29

Тишин, Denis Tishin, Чижикова, Nelli Chizhikova, Журавлева, Irina Zhuravleva, Чугунов, and Roman Chugknov. "Xylogenesis of pinus sylvestris l. Growing in the northern island ecosystems." Forestry Engineering Journal 6, no. 4 (May 3, 2017): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23439.

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The goal of the study is to relate features of seasonal radial growth of Pinus sylvestris from the Sredniy island of the Keretsky archipelago (the White Sea, N 66.1724 E 33.3876), to the seasonal weather conditions. The measurement of air temperature and precipitation amount was performed by data loggers and by local weather station mounted in 2014. The ecosystem studied is classified as a dry pine forest with Vaccinium myrtillus and green mosses in the herb layer. The microcores of seasonal radial growth were extracted from 10 selected dominant trees in 2014 every 7 days with 5 cm shift.

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30

Ye, Zheng-Hua, and Joseph E. Varner. "Induction of cysteine and serine proteases during xylogenesis in Zinnia elegans." Plant Molecular Biology 30, no. 6 (March 1996): 1233–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00019555.

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31

Boulouf Lugo, Jacqueline, Annie Deslauriers, and Sergio Rossi. "Duration of xylogenesis in black spruce lengthened between 1950 and 2010." Annals of Botany 110, no. 6 (October 4, 2012): 1099–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcs175.

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32

Neill, Steven. "NO way to die - nitric oxide, programmed cell death and xylogenesis." New Phytologist 165, no. 1 (December 9, 2004): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01267.x.

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33

Kutternozińska, Wiesława, Lucyna Wajda, and W. Korohoda. "Nutritional changes induce xylogenesis in callus ofHaplopappus gracilis (NUTT.) A. Gray." Biologia Plantarum 30, no. 6 (November 1988): 409–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02890508.

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34

Wang, Kai-li, Bo Wang, Ruibo Hu, Xianhai Zhao, Huiling Li, Gongke Zhou, Lili Song, and Ai-min Wu. "Characterization of hemicelluloses in Phyllostachys edulis (moso bamboo) culm during xylogenesis." Carbohydrate Polymers 221 (October 2019): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.05.088.

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35

Yang, Haoqiang, Na Yi, Shuai Zhao, Mirza Faisal Qaseem, Biao Zheng, Huiling Li, Jia-Xun Feng, and Ai-min Wu. "Characterization of hemicelluloses in sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) culm during xylogenesis." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 165 (December 2020): 1119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.242.

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36

Rossi, Sergio, Annie Deslauriers, Tommaso Anfodillo, and Vinicio Carraro. "Evidence of threshold temperatures for xylogenesis in conifers at high altitudes." Oecologia 152, no. 1 (December 13, 2006): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-006-0625-7.

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37

Yang, Haoqiang, Na Yi, Shuai Zhao, Zhouyang Xiang, Mirza Faisal Qaseem, Biao Zheng, Huiling Li, Jia-Xun Feng, and Ai-Min Wu. "Characterization of hemicellulose in Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) stem during xylogenesis." Carbohydrate Polymers 264 (July 2021): 118038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118038.

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38

Siddiqi, T. O. "Impact of Seasonal Variation on the Structure and Activity of vascular Cambium in ficus Religiosa1." IAWA Journal 12, no. 2 (1991): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90001234.

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In Ficus religiosa (Moraceae) extension and radial growth occurs in late July and early August, respectively, under the local climate of Aligarh. The derivative tissue differentiates into xylem and phloem simultaneously in August. The phloem production stops late in August, restarts early October and then continues up to November. The xylogenesis continues up to November without interruption. Formation of the precursor phloem is observed in March. Cell size and the relative proportion of fusiform and ray initials vary with season.

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39

Zeng, Qiao, Sergio Rossi, Bao Yang, Chun Qin, and Gang Li. "Environmental Drivers for Cambial Reactivation of Qilian Junipers (Juniperus przewalskii) in a Semi-Arid Region of Northwestern China." Atmosphere 11, no. 3 (February 28, 2020): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11030232.

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Although cambial reactivation is considered to be strongly dependent on temperature, the importance of water availability at the onset of xylogenesis in semi-arid regions still lacks sufficient evidences. In order to explore how environmental factors influence the initiation of cambial activity and wood formation, we monitored weekly cambial phenology in Qilian juniper (Juniperus przewalskii) from a semi-arid high-elevation region of northwestern China. We collected microcores from 12 trees at two elevations during the growing seasons in 2013 and 2014, testing the hypothesis that rainfall limits cambial reactivation in spring. Cambium was reactivated from late April to mid-May, and completed cell division from late July to early August, lasting 70–100 days. Both sites suffered from severe drought from January to April 2013, receiving < 1 mm of rain in April. In contrast, rainfall from January to April 2014 was 5–6 times higher than that in 2013. However, cambial reactivation in 2014 was delayed by 10 days. In spring, soil moisture gradually increased with warming temperatures, reaching 0.15 m3/m3 before the onset of xylogenesis, which may have ensured water availability for tree growth during the rainless period. We were unable to confirm the hypothesis that rainfall is a limiting factor of cambial reactivation. Our results highlight the importance of soil moisture in semi-arid regions, which better describe the environmental conditions that are favorable for cambial reactivation in water-limited ecosystems.

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40

Lupi, Carlo, Hubert Morin, Annie Deslauriers, Sergio Rossi, and Daniel Houle. "Increasing nitrogen availability and soil temperature: effects on xylem phenology and anatomy of mature black spruce1This article is one of a selection of papers from the 7th International Conference on Disturbance Dynamics in Boreal Forests." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 42, no. 7 (July 2012): 1277–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x2012-055.

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Since plant growth in the boreal forest is often considered to be limited by low temperatures and low N availability and these variables are projected to increase due to climate warming and increased anthropogenic activities, it is important to understand whether and to what extent these disturbances may affect the growth of boreal trees. In this study, the hypotheses that wood phenology and anatomy were affected by increased soil temperatures and N depositions have been tested in two mature black spruce ( Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) stands at different altitudes in Quebec, Canada. For 3 years, soil temperature was increased by 4 °C during the first part of the growing season and precipitations containing three times the current N concentration were added in the field by frequent canopy applications. Soil warming resulted in earlier onsets of xylogenesis and interacted with N addition producing longer durations of xylogenesis for the treated trees. The effect of warming was especially marked in the phenology of roots, while wood production, in terms of number of tracheids, was not affected by the treatment. Xylem anatomy and soil and needle chemistry showed no effect of the treatments, except for an increase of cell wall thickness in earlywood of treated trees. This short-term experiment with black spruce suggested that previous fertilization studies that used large and unrealistic rates of N addition may have overestimated the impact of N depositions on boreal forest productivity.

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41

Galibina, Natalia A., Tatiana V. Tarelkina, Olga V. Chirva, Yulia L. Moshchenskaya, Kseniya M. Nikerova, Diana S. Ivanova, Ludmila I. Semenova, Aleksandra A. Serkova, and Ludmila L. Novitskaya. "Molecular Genetic Characteristics of Different Scenarios of Xylogenesis on the Example of Two Forms of Silver Birch Differing in the Ratio of Structural Elements in the Xylem." Plants 10, no. 8 (August 2, 2021): 1593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10081593.

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Silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) is an economically important species in Northern Europe. The current research focused on the molecular background of different xylogenesis scenarios in the birch trunks. The study objects were two forms of silver birch, silver birch trees, and Karelian birch trees; the latter form is characterized by the formation of two types of wood, non-figured (straight-grained) and figured, respectively, while it is currently not clear which factors cause this difference. We identified VND/NST/SND genes that regulate secondary cell wall biosynthesis in the birch genome and revealed differences in their expression in association with the formation of xylem with different ratios of structural elements. High expression levels of BpVND7 accompanied differentiation of the type of xylem which is characteristic of the species. At the same time, the appearance of figured wood was accompanied by the low expression levels of the VND genes and increased levels of expression of NST and SND genes. We identified BpARF5 as a crucial regulator of auxin-dependent vascular patterning and its direct target—BpHB8. A decrease in the BpARF5 level expression in differentiating xylem was a specific characteristic of both Karelian birch with figured and non-figured wood. Decreased BpARF5 level expression in non-figured trees accompanied by decreased BpHB8 and VND/NST/SND expression levels compared to figured Karelian birch trees. According to the results obtained, we suggested silver birch forms differing in wood anatomy as valuable objects in studying the regulation of xylogenesis.

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Antonucci, Serena, Sergio Rossi, Fabio Lombardi, Marco Marchetti, and Roberto Tognetti. "Influence of climatic factors on silver fir xylogenesis along the Italian Peninsula." IAWA Journal 40, no. 2 (2019): 259—S3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-40190222.

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ABSTRACTXylem phenology has been widely recognised as an ecological indicator of the impact of environmental changes on forest ecosystems, especially at the edge of a species distribution. We investigated xylem phenology of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) in three sites in Italy, between the 38th and 46th parallels. The phases of xylem phenology were assessed weekly on wood microcores collected from March to November 2015 to calculate timing and duration of xylem cell production. The effect of temperature and precipitation on xylem phenology were sequentially included in stepwise regressions and used to predict the duration of each phenological phase under three future climatic scenarios at different concentrations of greenhouse gases (RCP 2.6; 4. 5; 8. 5). A growing season of 163 days was detected in the southern site that was longer compared to the central (132 days) and northern (120 days) sites. A longer duration of xylogenesis was mostly related to a delayed completion of xylem differentiation in autumn rather than an earlier onset of cambium reactivation in spring. Overall, 67–76% of the duration of phenological phases was controlled by growing season precipitation, while 24 –33% was influenced by minimum temperature. Inclusion of both the above factors in the modelling exercise simulated a lengthening of the silver fir growing season during the 21st century. A longer duration of xylogenesis was envisaged in the scenario RCP 8. 5, especially in the central site. Population and climate gradients need to be considered when addressing phenological shifts and growth dynamics of silver fir in Mediterranean mountains.

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Ackermann, Christa, and J. van Staden. "Xylogenesis and hormones in soybean callus. I: A histological and ultrastructural study." South African Journal of Botany 54, no. 6 (December 1988): 611–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0254-6299(16)31262-5.

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44

Zajączkowska, Urszula. "Ordering of the cellular arrangement and xylogenesis in wounded shoots of willow." IAWA Journal 36, no. 4 (December 15, 2015): 387–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-20150109.

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Abstract:

Development of living organisms is characterized by self-organization, which results in ordered cell and tissue patterns. Xylem formation in callus tissue may serve as a model to study these phenomena. Applying auxin on the apical transverse cut surface of willow shoot segments stimulates the proliferation of callus with an unorganized cell arrangement. In some areas of callus, the cells form an ordered system and partly differentiate into tracheary elements. Below the cut surface a zone of initially unorganized parenchymatous cells is produced by the cambium. Later, some of the cells formed ordered arrangements giving rise to differentiation in xylem rays with a subsequent layer of normal wood. Digital image processing software based on a structure tensor revealed a more coherent orientation of the cellular pattern in the callus region close to the cambial zone in the cut shoot surface, compared with the areas at further distances near the outer parts of the callus ring. Differentiation of tracheary xylem elements occurs mostly in the regions where a higher degree of cellular ordering in parenchyma tissue is observed. Digital image analysis is a useful tool for the quantitative estimation of subtle changes of cellular ordering in various regions of regenerating tissue. Wider application of this tool may open new opportunities in studies of the complex mechanisms that control morphogenetic patterns in plants.

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Rossi, Sergio, Hubert Morin, and Annie Deslauriers. "Causes and correlations in cambium phenology: towards an integrated framework of xylogenesis." Journal of Experimental Botany 63, no. 5 (December 15, 2011): 2117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/err423.

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Falasca, G., F. Capitani, S. D'angeli, S. Biondi, and M. M. Altamura. "Long-sized oligogalacturonides inhibit, whereas spermidine enhances, xylogenesis in tobacco leaf explants." Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology 142, no. 3 (November 2008): 518–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11263500802410868.

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Langer, Katharina, Peter Ache, Dietmar Geiger, Andrea Stinzing, Matthias Arend, Christa Wind, Sharon Regan, Jörg Fromm, and Rainer Hedrich. "Poplar potassium transporters capable of controlling K+ homeostasis and K+ -dependent xylogenesis." Plant Journal 32, no. 6 (December 2002): 997–1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-313x.2002.01487.x.

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Rossi, Sergio, Marie-Josée Girard, and Hubert Morin. "Lengthening of the duration of xylogenesis engenders disproportionate increases in xylem production." Global Change Biology 20, no. 7 (April 26, 2014): 2261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12470.

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Falconer, Marcia M., and R. W. Seagull. "Xylogenesis in tissue culture II: Microtubules, cell shape and secondary wall patterns." Protoplasma 133, no. 2-3 (June 1986): 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01304629.

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Falconer, Marcia M., and R. W. Seagull. "Xylogenesis in tissue culture III: Continuing wall deposition during tracheary element development." Protoplasma 144, no. 1 (February 1988): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01320275.

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