Relevant bibliographies by topics / Xylum

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Xylum'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Xylum"

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Li, Conan K. N., Thomas J. Hoffmann, Pei-Ying Hsieh, Suneil Malik, and William Watson. "Xylum CSA®: Automated System for Assessing Hemostasis in Simulated Vascular Flow." Clinical Chemistry 43, no. 9 (September 1, 1997): 1788–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/43.9.1788.

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Li, Conan K. N., Thomas J. Hoffmann, Pei-Ying Hsieh, Suneil Malik, and William C. Watson. "The Xylum clot signature analyzer®: A dynamic flow system that simulates vascular injury." Thrombosis Research 92, no. 6 (December 1998): S67—S77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0049-3848(98)00163-7.

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Serebruany, Victor L., Alex I. Malinin, Christopher R. Bell, and Paul A. Gurbel. "Heparin Prevents Xylum Clot Signature Analyser to Detect Platelet Inhibition with Clopidogrel During Coronary Stenting." Thrombosis Research 102, no. 1 (April 2001): 95–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0049-3848(01)00214-6.

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Sato, Manabu, and Hiroaki Harasaki. "Evaluation of Platelet and Coagulation Function in Different Animal Species Using the Xylum Clot Signature Analyzer." ASAIO Journal 48, no. 4 (July 2002): 360–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002480-200207000-00006.

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Horne, McDonald K., Sybil B. Williams, William A. Gahl, and Margaret E. Rick. "Evaluation of the Xylum Clot Signature Analyzer in Normal Subjects and Patients with the Hermansky–Pudlak Syndrome." Thrombosis Research 104, no. 1 (October 2001): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0049-3848(01)00340-1.

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Sato, M., and H. Harasaki. "EVALUATION OF PLATELET AND COAGULATION FUNCTIONS IN DIFFERENT ANIMAL SPECIES USING A XYLUM CLOT SIGNATURE ANALYZER®." ASAIO Journal 47, no. 2 (March 2001): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002480-200103000-00182.

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Ohashi-Ito, Kyoko, and Hiroo Fukuda. "Xylem." Current Biology 24, no. 24 (December 2014): R1149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2014.10.010.

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Gloser, V., M. Baláž, and P. Svoboda. "Analysis of anatomical and functional traits of xylem in Humulus lupulus L. stems." Plant, Soil and Environment 57, No. 7 (July 14, 2011): 338–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/63/2011-pse.

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Hop plants have unusually low values of the ratio between internal area of xylem conducts and leaf area, indicating that their xylem conducts solutes very efficiently. In the present study we analyzed the structure and function of xylem in stems of field-grown hop plants. Vessels of secondary xylem (SX) were more potent to conduct solutes compared to primary xylem (PRX) as they were wider (maximal/mean diameter of SX vessels in basal stem segments was on average 209/73 μm compared to 82/40 μm in PRX) and longer (up to 75 cm, compared up to 30 cm in PRX). The contribution of PRX to total Kh of the segment was on average 45.0 ± 29.9% in apical, but only 1.8 ± 0.4% in basal stem segments with well differentiated SX. We discuss differences and non-linear relationship between measured hydraulic conductivity (Kh) and Kh calculated from vessel diameters and suggest a simplified approach suitable for routine evaluation of theoretical Kh of hop cultivars.
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Jupa, R., M. Baláž, P. Svoboda, and V. Gloser. "Inherent variability in structural and functional traits of xylem among three hop varieties  ." Plant, Soil and Environment 59, No. 6 (May 22, 2013): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/32/2013-pse.

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Intervarietal differences in xylem structure could significantly affect water transport as well as vulnerability to cavitations and thus crop yield. Evaluation of crop varieties with respect to the specific traits can be thus helpful in breeding and agricultural practice. In the present study we compared basic anatomical traits (vessel length and diameter) as well as theoretical and measured hydraulic conductivities (K) of xylem in stems of three hop varieties (Agnus, Saaz hop &ndash; Osvald&rsquo;s clone 31, Vital). There were no statistically significant intervarietal differences in measured K (overall mean 1.68 &times; 10<sup>&ndash;6</sup> m<sup>4</sup>/MPa/s), the ratio between K and theoretical conductivity (mean = 0.194), as well as vessel diameter and vessel length distributions. The only noticeable difference was in the distribution of vessels with the diameter &ge; 100 &micro;m which differed in Vital compared to Agnus or Osvald&rsquo;s clone 31 (Kruskal-Wallis test, P &lt; 0.001). Our results thus indicate highly conservative nature of xylem basic functional and anatomical characteristics in hop varieties studied.
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Sangsing, Krissada, Hervé Cochard, Poonpipope Kasemsap, Sornprach Thanisawanyangkura, Kumut Sangkhasila, Eric Gohet, and Philippe Thaler. "Is growth performance in rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) clones related to xylem hydraulic efficiency?" Canadian Journal of Botany 82, no. 7 (July 1, 2004): 886–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b04-083.

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Hydraulic efficiency, xylem pressure, and stomatal conductance were measured in two Hevea clones having contrasting growth performances in their immature phase. Hydraulic efficiency was estimated by the xylem resistance on a leaf area basis on stem, petiole segments, and whole branches. The fast-growing clone exhibited significantly higher xylem efficiency, higher stomatal conductance, and higher xylem pressure. The difference in xylem pressure between the two clones was quantitatively consistent with the differences in hydraulic resistance and leaf transpiration rates. Our results suggest that variations in xylem efficiency may explain variations in stomatal conductance and xylem pressure, and hypothetically, growth performance between Hevea clones.Key words: xylem, hydraulic conductance, hydraulic architecture, water relations, rubber tree, Hevea.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Xylum"

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Milesson, Joel, and Erika Abrahamsson. "Geoenergilager Xylem : Visualisering och lönsamhet." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för bygg- och energiteknik (BE), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-27037.

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Inom svensk process- och tillverkningsindustri finns det stora mängder spillvärme som sällan kommer till användning. Att hitta olika tekniska lösningar för att effektivt tillvarata denna spillvärme skapar både nytta ur ett hållbart perspektiv samt ur ett ekonomiskt perspektiv för företaget. I denna rapport presenteras en utarbetad beräkningsmodell i Excel. Beräkningsmodellen används för att uppskatta lönsamheten för anläggning av ett högtemperaturlager i berggrunden. Excel-filen ska kunna användas för företag som en första uppskattning om ett borrhålslager är ett alternativ för tillvaratagande av spillvärme. Utformningen av beräkningsmallen utgick från Xylems högtemperaturlager i Emmaboda. Beräkningsmallen testades på Xylems borrhålslager. Resultatet visar att 2166 MWh/år kan tas ut från lagret, vilket stämmer överens till 83 % med Xylems egna beräkningar. Borrhålslagrets verkningsgrad beräknades till 65 % vilket kan jämföras med de 68 % som Xylem kalkylerat med. Nyckelord: Borrhålslager, UTES-system, BTES-system, HT-BTES-system, geoenergi, spillvärme.
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Ismail, Ihab. "Function and Regulation of Xylem Cysteine Protease 1 and Xylem Cysteine Protease 2 in Arabidopsis." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/11243.

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A functional water-conducting system, the tracheary elements of the xylem, is required to sustain plant growth and development. Tracheary element formation is dependent on many biological processes terminated by programmed cell death and cellular autolysis. The final two processes are probably dependent on the activity of hydrolytic enzymes such as XCP1 and XCP2 known to be expressed in tracheary elements during these final two processes. Thus, the transcriptional regulation of XCP1 and the function of XCP2 were investigated. Qualitative and quantitative assessments of GUS activity as directed by various fragments of the XCP1 promoter showed that a 237-bp internal region was able to drive GUS expression in a tracheary element-specific manner in Arabidopsis. A 25-bp deletion at the 3' end of this region abolished GUS expression. The 237-bp region served as bait in a yeast one-hybrid analysis. Screening of yeast colonies retrieved 109 putative positive interactions, which included a potential transcriptional regulator, indole acetic acid-induced protein 8 (IAA8). An auxin responsive element that potentially binds auxin responsive transcription factors was found within the 25-bp deletion. Cis-elements were predicted by Genomatix and Athamap computer programs. The cis-elements form pyrimidine and gibberellic acid responsive elements that can potentially bind Dof and Myb transcription factors, respectively. In an independent effort, attempts to develop a mapping population to isolate upstream regulators of XCP1 expression did not succeed. Functionally, tracheary element-specific expression of XCP2 in Arabidopsis suggested a specialized role for XCP2 in final phases of tracheary element differentiation. The function of XCP2 was assessed using T-DNA insertional mutants, post-transcriptional gene silencing, and through tracheary element-specific expression of the cysteine protease inhibitor, soyacystatin N in Arabidopsis. Our findings revealed that the absence of XCP2 expression due to T-DNA insertional mutagenesis did not affect plant growth and development in the laboratory. Soyacystatin N was an effective in vitro inhibitor of cysteine proteases. Plants expressing 35S-driven cytosolic form of soyacystatin exhibited stunting and reduced apical dominance. Plants expressing pXCP1-driven cytosolic soyacystatin did not differ from wild type plants. Additionally, transgenic plants expressing pXCP1- and 35S-directed XCP2-double-stranded RNA for the silencing of XCP2 showed no unusual phenotypes compared to their wild type counterparts
Ph. D.
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Courtois-Moreau, Charleen Laetitia. "Programmed Cell Death in Xylem Development." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Umeå Plant Science Centre, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1831.

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Concerns about climate changes and scarcity of fossil fuels are rising. Hence wood is becoming an attractive source of renewable energy and raw material and these new dimensions have prompted increasing interest in wood formation in trees, in both the scientific community and wider public. In this thesis, the focus is on a key process in wood development: programmed cell death (PCD) in the development of xylem elements. Since secondary cell wall formation is dependent, inter alia, upon the life time of xylem elements, the qualitative features of wood will be affected by PCD in xylem, about which there is little information. This thesis focuses on the anatomical, morphological and transcriptional features of PCD during xylem development in both the stem of hybrid aspen, Populus tremula (L.) x tremuloides (Michx.) and the hypocotyl of the herbaceous model system Arabidopsis thaliana (L. Heynh.). In Populus, the progressive removal of organelles from the cytoplasm before the time of death (vacuolar bursts) and the slowness of the cell death process, illustrated by DNA fragmentation assays (such as TUNEL and Comet assays), have been ascertained in the xylem fibres by microscopic analyses. Furthermore, candidate genes for the regulation of fibre cell death were identified either from a Populus EST library obtained from woody tissues undergoing fibre cell death or from microarray experiments in Populus stem, and further assessed in an in silico comparative transcriptomic analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana. These candidate genes were either putative novel regulators of fibre cell death or members of previously described families of cell death-related genes, such as autophagy-related genes. The induction of the latter and the previous microscopic observations suggest the importance of autophagy in the degradation of the cytoplasmic contents specifically in the xylem fibres. Vacuolar bursts in the vessels were the only previously described triggers of PCD in the xylem, which induce the very rapid degradation of the nuclei and surrounding cytoplasmic contents, therefore unravelling a unique previously unrecorded type of PCD in the xylem fibres, principally involving autophagy. Arabidopsis is an attractive alternative model plant for exploring some aspects of wood formation, such as the characterisation of negative regulators of PCD. Therefore, the anatomy of Arabidopsis hypocotyls was also investigated and the ACAULIS5 (ACL5) gene, encoding an enzyme involved in polyamine biosynthesis, was identified as a key regulator of xylem specification, specifically in the vessel elements, though its negative effect on the cell death process. Taken together, PCD in xylem development seems to be a highly specific process, involving unique cell death morphology and molecular machinery. In addition, the technical challenges posed by the complexity of the woody tissues examined highlighted the need for specific methods for assessing PCD and related phenomena in wood.
Oron för klimatförändringar och brist på fossila bränslen har ökat påtagligt under de senaste åren. De enorma möjligheter som skogsråvaran erbjuder som alternativ källa för förnyelsebar energi och råmaterial har väckt ett stort intresse också för den biologiska processen bakom vedbildning i träd. Denna avhandling fokuserar på en viktig process i vedbildning: programmerad celldöd (PCD) i xylemet. Xylemcellernas livstid påverkar bildningen av sekundära cellväggar, vilket i sin tur påverkar vedens kvalitativa egenskaperna, så som veddensitet. Trots dess betydelse för viktiga egenskaper hos vedråvaran existerar fortfarande väldigt lite information om xylem PCD på cellulär eller molekylär nivå. I den här avhandlingen belyses de anatomiska, morfologiska och genetiska aspekterna av PCD i xylemutveckling i både stam av hybridasp, Populus tremula (L.) x tremuloides (Michx.) och hypokotyl av det örtartade modellsystemet Arabidopsis thaliana (L. Heynh.). Xylemet i både Populus och Arabidopsis består av två olika celltyper; de vattentransporterade kärlen och de stödjande fibrerna. Det är känt att celldöd i kärlen pågår mycket snabbt efter att den centrala vakuolen brister och de hydrolytiska enzymer släpps in i cytoplasman. I den här avhandlingen ligger fokus på fibrerna i Populus xylemet. Med hjälp av mikroskopianalyser av cellmorfologin (elektronmikroskopi) och DNA-fragmentering i cellkärnan (TUNEL- och Comet-analyser) kunde vi konstatera att till skillnad från kärlen så uppvisar fibrerna en långsam och progressiv nedbrytning av organellerna och cellkärnans DNA före vakuolbristning. Dessutom har kandidatgener för reglering av fibercelldöd identifierats antingen från ett Populus EST bibliotek från vedartade vävnader som genomgår fibercelldöd eller från mikroarray experiment i Populus stam. Dessa kandidatgener är antingen potentiella nya regulatorer av fibercelldöd eller medlemmar av tidigare beskrivna familjer av celldödsrelaterade gener. Bland de sistnämnda finns autofagi-relaterade gener, vilket stöder funktionen av autofagi i samband med autolys av cellinnehållet i xylemfibrerna. Dessa studier pekar därför på en typ av PCD som har inte tidigare beskrivits för xylemet. Arabidopsis är ett alternativt växtmodellsystem för studier av vissa aspekter av vedbildningen, såsom karakteriseringen av negativa regulatorer av PCD. Därför har också hypokotylanatomin analyserats, och ACAULIS5 (ACL5) genen, som kodar för ett enzym i biosyntesen av polyaminer, har visats vara en viktig regulator av xylemspecifikation genom dess negativa effekt på kärlens celldöd. Sammantaget visar denna avhandling att PCD i xylemutvecklingen verkar involvera unika morfologiska och molekylära mekanismer. Vi visar dessutom att komplexiteten hos de vedartade vävnaderna leder till ett behov av bättre anpassade verktyg för att djupare kunna bedöma PCD och liknande fenomen i veden.
Även med namnet Moreau-Courtois, Charleen L. samt Moreau, Charleen.
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Ramchander, Krithika. "Development of xylem-based water filters." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104270.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2016.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Diarrheal diseases caused due to microbial contamination are one of the leading causes of fatalities amongst children. Despite the availability of numerous commercial products for water filtration and treatment, there continues to be a need for technological solutions that can make safe drinking water affordable and accessible. Due to their low cost, high filtration rate per unit weight and the ability to be manufactured locally with little infrastructure, xylem-based filtration devices have potential to address the challenge of microbial contamination of water in resource-limited settings. Previous studies by Boutilier et al. have demonstrated the ability of sapwood xylem from conifers to achieve up to 99.9% rejection of bacteria from water. However, it has been reported that drying of xylem after extraction leads to a drop in permeability by a factor of over 100. This poses a huge challenge in the context of transportation and storage of these filters. Maintaining the filters in a wet state would require special packaging and also reduce their shelf-life. Further, previous tests with the xylem filters at laboratory scale have involved the use of gas-pressure to drive the flow. In practical applications, the use of pumps would drive up the cost of the device negating the primary advantage of these filters. To keep operational costs as minimal as possible, it is critical to operate xylem filters offline. This thesis aims to address the challenge of dry storage and offline, gravity-based operation of xylem filters. Moreover, the use of xylem for water filtration has not been explored before and little is known about its performance characteristics. This thesis also seeks to advance the understanding of xylem as a filter material through the study of attributes such as degradation of xylem when soaked in water, filter lifetime, its variation with water quality and variation of flow rate with time. Methods to engineer the xylem filters to improve their rejection capability have also been discussed. In parallel to technology development, efforts were also made to identify avenues for implementation of these filters in India. The insights gathered from field visits to India and discussions with key stakeholders have also been presented..
by Krithika Ramchander.
S.M.
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Galicki, Stanley J., Gregg R. Davidson, and Stephen T. Threlkeld. "Element Mobility In Bald Cypress Xylem." Tree-Ring Society, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622564.

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Trace element mobility in bald cypress (Taxodium distichum) was investigated for a suite of elements using cores from century-old trees from a wetland in Humphreys County, Mississippi. Element mobility was determined by comparing the dendrochemistry of decadal increments over the life span of a tree, and by comparing increments of the same age collected from the same tree during two different seasons. Variability within growth increments at the time of sampling was evaluated by comparing cores from the same tree collected at three points around the bole. Of 42 elements analyzed, eight were found above detection limits (As, Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Zn). Clear evidence of translocation of P and Mn to the sapwood and K, Mg, and Na to the heartwood was observed. Ca and Zn were found with higher average concentrations in the sapwood, though evidence of translocation to the sapwood was equivocal. Arsenic did not vary significantly through any individual core. Variation in concentration was not found to be significant for any element with respect to year of sampling, season, location in the wetland, or position around the bole. With the exception of As, variation was significant with respect to increment age (decade) and location within the heartwood or sapwood.
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Schauer, Anke. "Komplexierung von Nickelionen an Pektin." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=964609770.

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Sridhar, Varshini. "Proteomic studies of grape xylem tissue and sap." Thesis, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1594029.

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Pierce’s disease (PD), caused by bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, seriously hampers the cultivation of Vitis vinifera also known as bunch grapes, in different parts of the world. The bacterium clogs xylem vessels and forms a biofilm, resulting in the wilting of the plant. Bunch grape cultivars exhibit certain degree of tolerance to PD, however most commercial cultivars suffer heavy loss due to this devastating disease. Therefore, studies on genetic variation for disease tolerance will assist in identification of key molecular components that confer tolerance to PD. Vitis species, such as, Florida hybrid bunch (FH) and muscadine grape ( Vitis rotundifolia) are widely cultivated in southeastern United States, and are known for their tolerance to PD. A detailed proteomic profile study of contrasting grape species is vital to understand the biological molecules associated with the PD tolerance. However information on total protein composition of Vitis xylem and sap is limited. The overall goals of this study are to determine the signal sequences associated with xylem and sap for the delivery of therapeutic proteins to control Xylella fastidiosa. The specific objectives of this research project are: 1) to compare the proteome profiles of xylem tissue and xylem sap from PD tolerant and -susceptible grapevine cultivars, and 2) to determine the role of proteins in the tissue and sap associated with PD tolerance mechanism. In this study, we used Bunch, FH, and Muscadine grape cultivars to characterize differentially expressed and unique proteins. Differentially expressed proteins were identified using LC MS/MS spectrometry searched against Vitis database. A total of 2519 and 402 proteins were identified in xylem and sap respectively, of which 151 proteins were common to both tissues. Bunch, FH, and muscadine sap showed 52, 53, and 30 unique proteins respectively. The cluster dendrogram analysis of the sap proteome showed that all of the Vitis species are bifolious. Based on the aforementioned, Florida hybrid bunch and muscadines are more closely related to each other than to bunch grape. Functional analysis and gene ontology revealed that proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolic process are more abundant in bunch grape, while FH and muscadine grape have more defense related proteins. Therefore, it is plausible to conclude that major functions of sap proteins in Bunch, FH, and Muscadine grapes are carbohydrate metabolic process and proteolysis (23%), protein phosphorylation (38%), and oxidation and reduction process (16%), respectively. Proteins involved in the defense and peroxidase activity are abundantly present in xylem and sap of FH and muscadine, and these proteins are relatively in reduced levels in bunch xylem and sap. Together, our findings highlight the possible roles of the identified unique proteins towards PD tolerance to Florida hybrid bunch and muscadine cultivars.

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Gilliham, Matthew. "Regulation of ion loading to maize root xylem." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620512.

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Watson, Richard James. "The development of a novel technique for sampling xylem sap from intact, transpiring plants using Philaenus spumarius, a xylem-feeding insect." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391384.

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Many approaches have been employed to extract xylem sap from plants but uncertainty remains about exactly what is sampled by these methods and the extent to which extracted fluid reflects the content of the transpiration stream. The aim of this thesis was to develop a new technique for sampling xylem sap from intact, transpiring plants, using the common spittlebug Philaenus spumarius, a xylem-feeding insect. Continuous monitoring of the insect's excretion rate was achieved through a balance system connected to a computer. Using this procedure, it was demonstrated that P. spumarius feeds from the main transpiration stream and it was shown that P. spumarius can feed against xylem tensions more negative than previously realised. The relationship of the fluid extracted by P. spumarius to xylem sap was tested r through a xylem perfusion system. The concentration of the inorganic ions tested was not altered by the insect's metabolism. In addition, ABA was detected in the excreta and an increase in excreta ABA content was shown in water-stressed plants. The P. spumarius technique was used to demonstrate the xylem dynamics of Ca2+, ABA, and diurnal cycles of ion composition in intact, transpiring plants. In conclusion, P. spumarius represents a powerful vehicle for the quasi-continuous and quasi-non-invasive extraction of xylem sap from intact, transpiring plants.
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Bollhöner, Benjamin. "Significance of hydrolytic enzymes expressed during xylem cell death." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysiologisk botanik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-81340.

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Xylem is an inherent feature of all vascular plants and functions in water transport and mechanical support. In order to efficiently transport water, xylem cells are reinforced by secondary walls before they undergo programmed cell death and their cell contents are removed by autolysis to create a hollow tube. During their differentiation, xylem cells express various hydrolytic enzymes, such as proteases, nucleases and lipases, but only in a few examples has their role in xylem cell death been characterized. This thesis focuses on the regulatory aspects of xylem cell death and the autolytic cell clearance in vessel elements and fibers of hybrid aspen (Populus tremula L. x tremuloides Michx.) and in vessel elements of Arabidopsis thaliana. Using comparative transcriptomic analysis, candidate genes for fiber-specific cell death processes were identified. Further, a hypothesis is presented on the regulation of thermospermine levels in the vasculature by a negative feedback-loop involving auxin and the class III Homeodomain-Leucine Zipper (HD-ZIP III) transcription factor HOMEOBOX8 (PtHB8). The role of the Arabidopsis METACASPASE9 (AtMC9) in xylem cell death was characterized using molecular tools, such as reporter lines and fluorescent fusion proteins, and electron microscopy (TEM). This showed that cell death initiation is not controlled by AtMC9. Instead, evidence is presented for the involvement of AtMC9 in the post mortem autolysis of vessel elements that follows tonoplast rupture and leads to the formation of the hollow conduit. Cell death-associated genes were further observed to be expressed during the emergence of lateral roots in Arabidopsis thaliana. This led to the discovery that cells overlying a lateral root primordium undergo cell death, which was demonstrated by detection of DNA degradation and TEM analysis. It is concluded that cell death facilitates emergence of lateral roots through the overlying tissues in a concerted manner with cell wall remodelling. Together, these findings show that although individual hydrolytic enzymes may be dispensable for plant growth and development, their common regulators are the tool for understanding their function and importance.
Xylem är en karakteristisk vävnad i alla kärlväxter som leder vatten och mineraler samt har mekanisk stödfunktion. För att effektivt kunna transportera vatten förstärks xylemceller med sekundära cellväggar innan de dör genom programmerad celldöd. Deras cellinnehåll bryts ner genom autolys för att skapa ett ihåligt rör. Xylemceller uttrycker under sin differentiering olika hydrolytiska enzymer, såsom proteaser, lipaser och nukleaser, men bara för ett fåtal av dessa har funktionen under xylemcelldöd kartlagts. Denna avhandling fokuserar på reglering av xylemcelldöden och den autolytiska nedbrytningen av cellen, i såväl kärlelement och fibrer av hybridasp (Populus tremula L. x tremuloides Michx.) som i kärlelement av backtrav (Arabidopsis thaliana). Med hjälp av jämförande transkriptomanalys identifierades kandidatgener för fiber-specifika celldödsprocesser i hybridasp. Vidare utvecklades en hypotes om reglering av termosperminnivåer i vaskulaturen genom en negativ feedback-loop, som omfattar auxin reglering och klass III homeodomän-leucinzipper (HD-ZIP III) transkriptionsfaktorn HOMEOBOX8 (PtHB8). Funktionen av Arabidopsis METACASPASE9 (AtMC9) under xylemcelldöd karakteriserades med molekylära verktyg, såsom reporterlinjer och fluorescerande fusionsproteiner och elektronmikroskopi (TEM). Dessa analyser visade att celldödens initiering inte styrs av AtMC9. Istället presenteras bevis för en roll av AtMC9 i autolysen av kärlelement som sker post mortem efter att vakuolen har gått sönder och som slutför bildandet av det tomma kärlet. Genuttryck som associeras med celldöd observerades också under utvecklingen av laterala rötter i Arabidopsis thaliana. Detta ledde till upptäckten att celler som ligger ovanför ett lateralrotprimordium dör en programmerad celldöd och visar tecken på DNA-nedbrytning och autolys i TEM-analyser. Slutsatsen av denna studie är att celldöd i samspel med cellväggsmodifiering underlättar utväxten av laterala rötter genom de överliggande cellagren. Sammantaget tyder dessa upptäckter på att även om enstaka hydrolyserande enzymer inte är nödvändiga för växternas tillväxt och utveckling, så kan deras gemensamma reglering nyttjas för att förstå deras funktion och betydelse.
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Books on the topic "Xylum"

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de Lucas, Miguel, and J. Peter Etchhells, eds. Xylem. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6722-3.

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Hacke, Uwe, ed. Functional and Ecological Xylem Anatomy. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15783-2.

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Tyree, Melvin T., and M. H. Zimmermann. Xylem Structure and the Ascent of Sap. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04931-0.

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1926-, Zimmermann Martin Huldrych, and Zimmermann Martin Huldrych 1926-, eds. Xylem structure and the ascent of sap. 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer, 2002.

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Station, Pacific Southwest Research, ed. Xylem monoterpenes of pines: Distribution, variation, genetics, function. Albany, Calif: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 2000.

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Watson, Richard James. The devolpment of a novel technique for sampling xylem sap from intact, transpiring plants using Philaenus spumarius, a xylem-feeding insect. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1999.

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Woolaway, Kathryn Elizabeth. Calcium transport to the xylem in the roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. [s.l.]: typescript, 1999.

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International Symposium on Sap Utilization (1st 1995 Bifuka, Japan). Tree sap: Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Sap Utilization (ISSU) in Bifuka '95, Bifuka, Hokkaido, Japan, April 10-12, 1995. Edited by McLeod Christopher A, Tamai Yutaka, and Terazawa Minoru. Sapporo: Hokkaido University Press, 1995.

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Cloutier, Renée R. The Seasonal relationship of freezing tolerance, water content and xylem pressure potentials in twigs of two deciduous tree species (Acer rubrum L. and Quercus borealis Michx. f.). Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, Department of Biology, 1993.

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Secondary Xylem Biology. Elsevier, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2014-0-01292-0.

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Book chapters on the topic "Xylum"

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Crang, Richard, Sheila Lyons-Sobaski, and Robert Wise. "Xylem." In Plant Anatomy, 217–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77315-5_7.

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Romberger, John A., Zygmunt Hejnowicz, and Jane F. Hill. "Secondary Xylem." In Plant Structure: Function and Development, 387–411. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-01662-6_19.

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de Bernonville, Thomas Dugé, Cécile Albenne, Matthieu Arlat, Laurent Hoffmann, Emmanuelle Lauber, and Elisabeth Jamet. "Xylem Sap Proteomics." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 391–405. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-631-3_28.

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Buvat, Roger. "Xylem (Vascular Tissue)." In Ontogeny, Cell Differentiation, and Structure of Vascular Plants, 369–445. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73635-3_11.

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Tyree, Melvin T., and M. H. Zimmermann. "Pathology of the Xylem." In Xylem Structure and the Ascent of Sap, 239–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04931-0_9.

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Sauter, Jörg J. "Xylem: Structure and Function." In Progress in Botany, 388–405. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71668-3_25.

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Mohr, Hans, and Peter Schopfer. "Physiology of Xylem Transport." In Plant Physiology, 467–86. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-97570-7_29.

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Schweingruber, Fritz Hans, Annett Börner, and Ernst-Detlef Schulze. "Ontogeny of the Xylem." In Atlas of Stem Anatomy in Herbs, Shrubs and Trees, 371–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20435-7_5.

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Aloni, Roni. "Phloem and Xylem Differentiation." In Vascular Differentiation and Plant Hormones, 101–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53202-4_5.

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Pittermann, Jarmila, James E. Watkins, Katharine L. Cary, Eric Schuettpelz, Craig Brodersen, Alan R. Smith, and Alex Baer. "The Structure and Function of Xylem in Seed-Free Vascular Plants: An Evolutionary Perspective." In Functional and Ecological Xylem Anatomy, 1–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15783-2_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Xylum"

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Agrawal, Aditya, Josep Torrellas, and Sachin Idgunji. "Xylem." In MICRO-50: The 50th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3123939.3124547.

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Abu Zafar Abbasi, Zubair Ahmed Shaikh, and Syed Arsalan Pervez. "XYLUS: A virtualized programming environment." In 2010 International Conference on Information and Emerging Technologies (ICIET). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciet.2010.5625674.

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Nikolaeva, N. N., and V. V. Vorobev. "Deformations of structural elements in anomalous xylem." In IX Congress of society physiologists of plants of Russia "Plant physiology is the basis for creating plants of the future". Kazan University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/978-5-00130-204-9-2019-313.

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Bourbia, Ibrahim. "Xylem cavitation isolates leaky flowers during water stress in pyrethrum." In ASPB PLANT BIOLOGY 2020. USA: ASPB, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46678/pb.20.1046525.

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Wang, Jian-xin, Mei-li Sui, Shi-feng Yang, and Xian-wei Gao. "The xylem cavitation diagnosis technology based on ultrasonic acoustic emission." In 2011 Symposium on Piezoelectricity, Acoustic Waves, and Device Applications (SPAWDA 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/spawda.2011.6167318.

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Bhugra, Swati, Anupama Anupama, Santanu Chaudhury, Brejesh Lall, and Archana Chugh. "Phenotyping of xylem vessels for drought stress analysis in rice." In 2017 Fifteenth IAPR International Conference on Machine Vision Applications (MVA). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/mva.2017.7986892.

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Ma, Wenkui. "Study on the water flow in the xylem of plants." In MATERIALS SCIENCE, ENERGY TECHNOLOGY, AND POWER ENGINEERING I: 1st International Conference on Materials Science, Energy Technology, Power Engineering (MEP 2017). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4982426.

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Garcia-Pedrero, Angel, Ana Garcia-Cervigon, Cristina Caetano, Saul Calderon-Ramirez, Jose M. Olano, Consuelo Gonzalo-Martin, Mario Lillo-Saavedra, and Miguel Garcia-Hidalgo. "Xylem Vessels Segmentation Through a Deep Learning Approach: a First Look." In 2018 IEEE International Work Conference on Bioinspired Intelligence (IWOBI). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwobi.2018.8464184.

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Logas, Heather, Richard Vallejos, Joseph Osborn, Kate Compton, and Jim Whitehead. "Visualizing Loops and Data Structures in Xylem: The Code of Plants." In 2015 IEEE/ACM 4th International Workshop on Games and Software Engineering (GAS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gas.2015.16.

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Ding, Jinli, and Lanzhou Wang. "Neural networks prediction of electrical signals at xylem in Osmanthus fragrans." In 2010 International Conference on Computer Application and System Modeling (ICCASM 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccasm.2010.5620494.

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Reports on the topic "Xylum"

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Sederoff, Ronald, Ross Whetten, David O'Malley, and Malcolm Campbell. Transcription Factors in Xylem Development. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/760586.

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Smith, Richard. Xylem monoterpenes of pines: distribution, variation, genetics, function. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/psw-gtr-177.

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Ford, Chelcy R., Barbara C. Reynolds, and James Vose. Xylem transport models optimize effectiveness of systemic insecticide applications for controlling hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae). Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/srs-gtr-120.

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Ford, Chelcy R., Barbara C. Reynolds, and James Vose. Xylem transport models optimize effectiveness of systemic insecticide applications for controlling hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae). Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/srs-gtr-120.

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Chandrashekhar P. Joshi and Vincent L. Chiang. Improved Wood Properties Through Genetic Manipulation: Engineering of Syringyl Lignin in Softwood Species Through Xylem-Specific Expression of Hardwood Syringyl Monolignol Pathway Genes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/946605.

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