Journal articles: 'Y-tube olfactometer'

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Kubo, Ryohei, and Masato Ono. "Queens of Bombus diversus tersatus (Hymenoptera: Apidae) are innately attracted to floral scents emitted by Cremastra appendiculata (Orchidaceae)." Canadian Entomologist 149, no. 3 (February 23, 2017): 372–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2017.2.

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AbstractThe rewarding orchid, Cremastra appendiculata (Orchidaceae), has a strong floral scent and is pollinated by long-tongued bumble bee queens (Bombus diversus tersatus Smith; Hymenoptera: Apidae). The response of queens of B. diversus tersatus to the scent of C. appendiculata was investigated using a gas chromatography–electroantennographic detector system and Y-tube olfactometer. Gas chromatography–electroantennographic detector analysis of flower extracts showed that seven compounds (nerol, methyl decanoate, methyl dodecanoate, methyl tetradecanoate, methyl hexadecanoate, ethyl dodecanoate, and ethyl tetradecanoate) elicited antennal responses from B. diversus tersatus queens. Further, Y-tube olfactometer test results showed that queens significantly preferred both the flower extracts and synthetic mixture of seven EAD active compounds compared with pentane (a solvent control). These results suggest that floral scents play an important role in attracting queens and promote successful pollination.

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Riddick, E. W., J. R. Aldrich, and J. C. Davis. "DEET Repels Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Adults in Laboratory Bioassays1." Journal of Entomological Science 39, no. 3 (July 1, 2004): 373–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-39.3.373.

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The potential of least-toxic compounds to repel adults of the multicolored Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), was explored. Bioassays in olfactometers and Petri dishes were designed to test the hypothesis that DEET (N, N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) can effectively repel H. axyridis adults. A bioassay in a y-tube olfactometer indicated that beetles spent significantly less time in the test arm (DEET; 10, 100, and 1,000 μg) than in the control arm (hexane blank) within a 10-min time frame. A bioassay in a 3-neck bulb-tube olfactometer indicated that significantly more beetles avoided the test arm (DEET, 142 μg) than the control arm (hexane blank) within a 40-min time frame. A bioassay in a Petri dish revealed that significantly more beetles avoided filter paper disks treated with DEET (0.1 and 1.0 mg/cm2; aged for 1 d or 5 d) than acetone (the control) within a 60-min time frame. Finally, another bioassay in a Petri dish revealed that significantly more beetles avoided filter paper strips coated with DEET/paraffin (1% or 9% mixture, aged for 1 d or 23 d) than camphor/paraffin (0.1, 1 and 9% mixtures, aged for 1 d or 23 d), or paraffin alone (the control). This investigation suggests that DEET has good potential for repelling H. axyridis adults and should be field-tested on urban structures.

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Nordlund, Donald A., Richard B. Chalfant, and W. J. Lewis. "RESPONSE OF TRICHOGRAMMA PRETIOSUM FEMALES TO VOLATILE SYNOMONES FROM TOMATO PLANTS1,2." Journal of Entomological Science 20, no. 3 (July 1, 1985): 372–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-20.3.372.

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Volatile synomones in tomato plants stimulate search behavior in Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, resulting in increased rates of parasitization in both the laboratory and field. In a Y-tube olfactometer, female T. pretiosum are attracted by volatiles from tomato.

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Jahromi, Mojtaba Ghane, Ali Asgar Pourmirza, and Mohammad Hasan Safaralizadeh. "Repellent activity of SirinolÂ® (Garlic emulsion) on adults of Rhizopertha dominica (F.) and Sitophilus oryzae (L.) with two laboratory methods." South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology 1, no. 6 (December 27, 2011): 268–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.1(6).p268-276.

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The natural products of plants come as an alternative ecologically more compatiblein substitution to the synthetic insecticides. This study had the objectiveto evaluate the action of 85% Sirinol ® EC (5% of alicin extracted fromgarlic bean, 75% of fuel oils, 20% of surfactant and retentive) on Rhizoperthadominica (F.) and Sitophilus oryzae (L.) in the adult phase in stored wheat,through the assessment of repellent effect on exposed individuals to wheatgrains treated. Therfore, adults of R. dominica and S. oryzae through the useof two methods â€Petriâ€dishes and olfactometer Y shape tubeâ€ were exposedto 0.5, 1, 5 and 10% concentration of Sirinol ® and Percentage Repellency(PR) was determined. In each of two methods, the maximum PR of Sirinol ®was at concentration of 10%, with the recorded values 71.58% and 50.26%for adults of R. dominica and, 75.79 % and 62.96% for S. oryzae in Petridishesand Y â€ shape olfactometer tube methods, respectively. It was shownthat S. oryzae were more sensitive to Sirinol® than R. dominica. The interactionbetween concentration and time (concentration × time) was not significantfor adults of two species.

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DeVries, Zachary C., Ahmed M. Saveer, Russell Mick, and Coby Schal. "Bed Bug (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) Attraction to Human Odors: Validation of a Two-Choice Olfactometer." Journal of Medical Entomology 56, no. 2 (November 12, 2018): 362–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjy202.

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Abstract Bed bugs (Cimex lectularius L.) (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) are obligate hematophagous ectoparasites, and, therefore, must locate suitable hosts to ensure survival and reproduction. Their largely nocturnal activity suggests that chemosensory and thermosensory cues would play critical roles in host location. Yet, the importance of olfaction in host attraction of bed bugs remains unclear. We developed and validated a Y-tube, two-choice olfactometer and tested its suitability for investigating attraction to human odors (from skin swabs). Olfactometer orientation significantly affected the percentage of bed bugs that were activated by human odors, with significantly more bed bugs responding when the olfactometer was oriented vertically (bug introduced at bottom of the olfactometer) compared with all other orientations. Starved (7–10 d) adult males, mated females, and nymphs responded (47–77% moved up the olfactometer and made a choice) when human odors were present in the olfactometer, while starved, unmated females did not respond. Skin swabs from all five human participants elicited high response rates (65–82%), and bed bugs from four different populations responded to skin swabs (40–82% response rate). However, in all assays including those resulting in relatively low response rates, bed bugs exhibited >90% preference for human odors over blank controls. These results provide strong evidence that bed bugs can respond and orient towards human odors, independently of all other host cues. Furthermore, the validated olfactometer should enable rapid and efficient evaluations of bed bug behavioral responses to semiochemicals.

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Germinara, Giacinto Salvatore, Antonio De Cristofaro, and Giuseppe Rotundo. "Electrophysiological and Behavioral Responses ofTheocolax elegans(Westwood) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) to Cereal Grain Volatiles." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5460819.

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Volatiles emitted by the host’s food would be the first signals used by parasitoids in the host location process and are thought to play an important role in host habitat location. In this study, the olfactory responses ofTheocolax elegans(Westwood), a Pteromalid wasp that parasitizes immature stages of stored-product insect pests developing inside cereal or leguminous grains, to volatiles emitted by healthy wheat grains, their hexane extracts, and different doses of three individual compounds previously identified in cereal grain odors were investigated in Y-tube olfactometer and Petri dish arena behavioral bioassays and electroantennogram recordings. In Y-tube olfactometer bioassays, odors from healthy wheat grains and their hexane extracts were attractive to both sexes ofT. elegans. Moreover, hexane extracts elicited arresting effects in Petri dish arena. The three synthetic compounds valeraldehyde, maltol, and vanillin elicited dose-dependent responses in both male and female adult wasps confirming the capability of the peripheral olfactory systems to perceive cereal volatiles. In behavioral bioassays, different doses of vanillin were significantly attractive to both sexes.

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Marler, Thomas, and Paris Marler. "Rhyzobius lophanthae Behavior is Influenced by Cycad Plant Age, Providing Odor Samples in a Y-tube Olfactometer." Insects 9, no. 4 (December 18, 2018): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects9040194.

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The scale predator Rhyzobius lophanthae Blaisdell was introduced to Guam and Rota to control invasive Aulacaspis yasumatsui Takagi armored scale infestations on the native Cycas micronesica K.D. Hill populations. The predator demonstrated a clear preference for A. yasumatsui infesting adult plants, resulting in 100% seedling mortality due to the lack of a biocontrol of the scale on seedlings. A Y-tube olfactometer was employed to determine if scale-infested seedling leaves were less attractive to R. lophanthae than scale-infested mature tree leaves. Five paired combinations of seedling versus mature tree leaves were used. The R. lophanthae adults navigated toward scale-infested and un-infested leaves of adults and seedlings when paired with an empty chamber. However, a clear preference for adult leaves occurred when paired with seedling leaves. The results were unambiguous in charcoal-filtered air, intermediate in unfiltered air from an open laboratory, and most ambiguous when conducted with unfiltered in-situ air. The number of predators that did not make a choice was greatest for in-situ air and least for charcoal-filtered air. These results indicated that the substrate used in olfactometry influenced the results, and interpretations of charcoal-filtered air assays should be made with caution. Volatile chemical cues are involved in R. lophanthae preferring A. yasumatsui located on C. micronesica adults when infested adult and seedling leaves are present.

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N. S. Mandour, Abdelhady. "Attraction Response of Tuta absoluta Females to Solanaceous Host in Y-Tube Olfactometer." Journal of Applied Plant Protection 9, no. 1 (September 12, 2020): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/japp.2020.178428.

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Janssen, A., C. D. Hofker, A. R. Braun, N. Mesa, M. W. Sabelis, and A. C. Bellotti. "Preselecting predatory mites for biological control: the use of an olfactometer." Bulletin of Entomological Research 80, no. 2 (June 1990): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300013390.

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AbstractPrevious investigations showed that (1) predatory mites use odours volatilizing from spider-mite infested plants for remote prey selection and (2) the response to the volatiles is correlated to the predator's ability to control populations of the prey species. Based on this correlation, it is hypothesized that preselecting predatory mites with the aid of olfactometer experiments will increase the probability of finding an efficient natural enemy. Y-tube olfactometer experiments with 11 species of phytoseiids showed that only four species were attracted by the odour of cassava leaves infested with cassava green mite Mononychellus tanajoa (Bondar). If the hypothesis mentioned above is valid, the probability of finding an efficient natural enemy within this group of four will be higher than finding one by randomly taking a species from the initial group of 11 species. Since testing of phytoseiids with an olfactometer can be done in a few hours, it is suggested that these tests precede more laborious evaluation methods.

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Zhang, Hong, Shuang Shan, Shaohua Gu, Xinzheng Huang, Zibo Li, Adel Khashaveh, and Yongjun Zhang. "Prior Experience with Food Reward Influences the Behavioral Responses of the Honeybee Apis mellifera and the Bumblebee Bombus lantschouensis to Tomato Floral Scent." Insects 11, no. 12 (December 14, 2020): 884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11120884.

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Bee responses to floral scent are usually influenced by both innate biases and prior experience. Honeybees are less attracted than bumblebees to tomato flowers. However, little is known about how tomato floral scent regulates the foraging behaviors of honeybees and bumblebees. In this study, the foraging behaviors of the honeybee Apis mellifera and the bumblebee Bombus lantschouensis on tomato flowers in greenhouses were investigated. Whether the two bee species exhibit different responses to tomato floral scent and how innate biases and prior experience influence bee choice behavior were examined. In the greenhouses, honeybees failed to collect pollen from tomato flowers, and their foraging activities decreased significantly over days. Additionally, neither naïve honeybees nor naïve bumblebees showed a preference for tomato floral scent in a Y-tube olfactometer. However, foraging experience in the tomato greenhouses helped bumblebees develop a strong preference for the scent, whereas honeybees with foraging experience continued to show aversion to tomato floral scent. After learning to associate tomato floral scent with a sugar reward in proboscis extension response (PER) assays, both bee species exhibited a preference for tomato floral scent in Y-tube olfactometers. The findings indicated that prior experience with a food reward strongly influenced bee preference for tomato floral scent.

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Gao, Guanqun, Lulu Dai, Jing Gao, Jiaxing Wang, and Hui Chen. "Electroantennogram, behavioural responses, and field trapping of Trypophloeus klimeschi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) to eight host volatiles." Canadian Entomologist 151, no. 02 (February 12, 2019): 236–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2018.64.

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AbstractTrypophloeus klimeschiEggers (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) was first discovered in China in 2003, and it exhibits strong species specificity toPopulus albavar.pyramidalisBunge (Salicaceae). To screen plant volatile compounds for monitoring and trappingT. klimeschi, the electroantennogram responses of adultT. klimeschito eight plant volatiles, including nonanal, 2-methylbutanal, decanal, 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol benzoate, methyl benzoate, methyl salicylate, and geraniol were tested at various concentrations. Behavioural responses of female and male adults to various concentrations of these eight plant volatiles were also determined using a Y-tube olfactometer. We then tested the effectiveness of these compounds as lures for trappingT. klimeschiin the field. Electroantennogram tests showed thatT. klimeschipossesses olfactory sensitivity for eight compounds. Additionally, walkingT. klimeschiexhibited attraction to low concentrations (≤ 1 μg/μL) of all eight compounds in Y-tube olfactometer. Field experiment results indicated that baits composed of each volatile compound alone were more attractive to greater numbers ofT.klimeschithan the control. The methyl benzoate bait was better attracted byT.klimeschithan other tested volatiles. These results suggest that these compounds could be used in attraction of this stem-boring pest. This study could have important implications for the development of an effective semiochemical-based management tool forT. klimeschiin the field.

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Quirt, Janice, and David Lasenby. "Cannibalism and ontogenetic changes in the response of the freshwater shrimp Mysis relicta to chemical cues from conspecific predators." Canadian Journal of Zoology 80, no. 6 (June 1, 2002): 1022–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z02-084.

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Laboratory feeding experiments demonstrated that juvenile and immature mysids could be susceptible to cannibalism by adult mysids. Differences in the responses to chemical cues between juvenile, immature, and adult Mysis relicta were determined by noting the distributions of test animals after a 4-h test period in a Y-tube choice-test olfactometer. Both juvenile and immature mysids avoided water that had contained adult mysids.

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Geier, Martin, and Jurgen Boeckh. "A new Y-tube olfactometer for mosquitoes to measure the attractiveness of host odours." Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 92, no. 1 (July 1999): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1570-7458.1999.00519.x.

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Wang, Yu Jie, Dong Xiang Zhao, Jing Lin Gao, Zheng Qiang Peng, Xiao Na Li, and Yun Wang. "Electrophysiological and Behavioral Activity of Compounds in Metathoracic Glands of Adults of Tessaratoma Papillosa (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)." Applied Mechanics and Materials 108 (October 2011): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.108.301.

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.Adult Tessaratoma papillosa (Drury) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) secreted volatiles from metathoracic glands (MTG). Behavior and olfactory responses of adult bugs to their MTG secretions were tested using a Y-tube olfactometer and an electroantennogram (EAG). The results indicated that males were obviously attracted by female secretions and repelled by male secretions. Secretions of adult males elicited the greatest response of male antennae, whereas the lower response of male antennae to MTG secretions of adult females was recorded. The four compounds, (E)-2-octenal, undecane, dodecane and tridecane were tested for the EAG activity and behavior response with male adults at different concentrations. In EAG assays, the antenna of male T. papillosa showed the highest sensitivity to (E)-2-octenal (10 μL /μL) and the second highest sensitivity to undecane (10 μL /μL), but a similar sensitivity to other stimuli. Unlike EAG results, males were attractive to (E)-2-octenal (10-2 and 10-1 μL /μL) and tridecane (10 μL /μL), and repelled by (E)-2-octenal (10-3, 1, 10 and 102 μL /μL) and tridecane (10-1 μL /μL) in the Y-tube olfactometer. Our data suggested that (E)-2-octenal and tridecane may be part of a complex pheromone system in T. papillosa.

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Zhu, Xiaofeng, Bingqiang Xu, Abudukyoum Kader, Bo Song, Zhihu Zhang, Fengqi Li, and Sen Yang. "Behavioral Responses of Scolytus schevyrewi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) to Volatiles From Apricot Tree (Rosales: Rosaceae)." Environmental Entomology 49, no. 3 (March 21, 2020): 586–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvaa027.

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Abstract Scolytus schevyrewi Semenov (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is native to China and Central Asia. Damage by the adults and larvae weakens local apricot trees (Armeniaca spp.), often causing death to many host trees. In previous studies, freshly cut apricot logs were found to be highly attractive to S. schevyrewi adults. To explore the possibility of trapping and monitoring this bark beetle, we evaluated the effect of the apricot tree volatiles on S. schevyrewi behavior. Volatiles from the apricot logs were collected by headspace sampling and subjected to coupled gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analysis. Behavioral responses to EAD-active compounds were assessed using two-choice Y-tube olfactometers. The results showed that the antennae of females responded to 21 volatile compounds from apricot logs. Seventeen compounds were confirmed with authentic compounds. The Y-olfactometer bioassays showed that at a stimulation dose of 100 µg, four compounds [(1S)-(−)-α-pinene, (±)-limonene, (1S)-(+)-3-carene, and 1-hexanol], and some binary mixtures of the four compounds [(1S)-(−)-α-pinene plus (±)-limonene; (1S)-(−)-α-pinene plus (1S)-(+)-3-carene; (1S)-(−)-α-pinene plus camphene; (1S)-(−)-α-pinene plus (±)-limonene, (1S)-(+)-3-carene, and 1-hexanol] were significantly attractive to both sexes (except (±)-limonene and (1S)-(+)-3-carene for males), suggesting that these compounds may play a role in host tree selection by S. schevyrewi and should be evaluated as lures for population monitoring. In contrast, octanal, nonanal, decanal, linalool and N,N-diethylformamide appeared to repel S. schevyrewi adults in Y-tube at the concentration tested.

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Boff, Mari I. C., Frans C. Zoon, and Peter H. Smits. "Orientation of Heterorhabditis megidis to insect hosts and plant roots in a Y-tube sand olfactometer." Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 98, no. 3 (March 2001): 329–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1570-7458.2001.00789.x.

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Blackmer, J. L., C. Rodriguez-Saona, J. A. Byers, K. L. Shope, and J. P. Smith. "Behavioral Response of Lygus hesperus to Conspecifics and Headspace Volatiles of Alfalfa in a Y-Tube Olfactometer." Journal of Chemical Ecology 30, no. 8 (August 2004): 1547–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:joec.0000042067.27698.30.

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Ebssa, Lemma, Christian Borgemeister, Hans-Michael Poehling, Ralf-Udo Ehlers, Elisabeth Struck, and Andreas Gaigl. "Interactions between host plants, the subterranean burrower bug, Cyrtomenus bergi, and the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis megidis." Nematology 6, no. 5 (2004): 633–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568541042843441.

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AbstractInteractions between seedlings of Zea mays L. as a host plant, the subterranean burrower bug, Cyrtomenus bergi Froeschner, as a pest, and Heterorhabditis megidis Poinar, an entomopathogenic nematode, as a biological control agent, were studied, with a particular emphasis on the host finding behaviour of the nematode. For the trials a sand-filled Y-tube olfactometer was used. In the Y-arms, a bug, a maize seedling, a combination of both, or sand only was offered. Six experiments were carried out with differently treated Y-arms. Nematodes were significantly attracted to maize as well as to the combination of maize and bug, but not to C. bergi alone or to sand only. The influence of the feeding strategy of C. bergi on the host finding behaviour of H. megidis is discussed.

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Burrows, Matthew, Tolulope Morawo, and Henry Fadamiro. "Do age and mating status affect olfactory response of the parasitoid, Microplitis croceipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to host-related plant odors?" F1000Research 7 (November 20, 2018): 1817. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.16927.1.

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Background: Parasitic wasps (parasitoids) use volatile organic compounds released by herbivore-infested plants to locate their hosts. Response of parasitoids to plant odors may be plastic and dependent on their physiological state. Using Microplitis croceipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a relatively specialized larval endoparasitoid of Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), we asked whether age and mating status of parasitoids affect their olfactory response to host-related odors. Methods: Four odor stimuli of varying complexity were selected based on previous reports of parasitoid response to cotton volatiles: cis-3-hexenol (a green leaf volatile), α-pinene (a constitutive monoterpene), a 50/50 v/v binary mixture (cis-3-hexenol + α-pinene), and H. virescens-infested cotton odors. Female M. croceipes used in Y-tube olfactometer bioassays were either mated or unmated, and grouped 1–3, 4–6, and 7–9 d-old. Female parasitoids used in electroantennogram (EAG) recording were mated and grouped 1–3, 4–6, 7–9 and 10–12 d-old. Results: In Y-tube olfactometer bioassays, neither age nor mating status played a major role in the attraction of parasitoids to test odor stimuli, with two exceptions: 4–6 d-old mated parasitoids showed attraction to the binary mixture, and 1–3 d-old mated parasitoids showed attraction to H. virescens-infested cotton. Age did not affect EAG response of parasitoids to test stimuli. Conclusions: The present results suggest that age and mating status do not play a major role in modulating olfactory responses of M. croceipes to host-related plant odors. Instead, plasticity of olfactory response may be limited in M. croceipes due to strong innate sensitivity to host-related odor cues.

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Burrows, Matthew, Tolulope Morawo, and Henry Fadamiro. "Do age and mating status affect olfactory response of the parasitoid, Microplitis croceipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to host-related plant odors?" F1000Research 7 (December 19, 2018): 1817. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.16927.2.

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Background: Parasitic wasps (parasitoids) use volatile organic compounds released by herbivore-infested plants to locate their hosts. Response of parasitoids to plant odors may be plastic and dependent on their physiological state. Using Microplitis croceipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a relatively specialized larval endoparasitoid of Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), we asked whether age and mating status of parasitoids affect their olfactory response to host-related odors. Methods: Four odor stimuli of varying complexity were selected based on previous reports of parasitoid response to cotton volatiles: cis-3-hexenol (a green leaf volatile), α-pinene (a constitutive monoterpene), a 50/50 v/v binary mixture (cis-3-hexenol + α-pinene), and H. virescens-infested cotton odors. Female M. croceipes used in Y-tube olfactometer bioassays were either mated or unmated, and grouped 1–3, 4–6, and 7–9 d-old. Female parasitoids used in electroantennogram (EAG) recording were mated and grouped 1–3, 4–6, 7–9 and 10–12 d-old. Results: In Y-tube olfactometer bioassays, neither age nor mating status played a major role in the attraction of parasitoids to test odor stimuli, with two exceptions: 4–6 d-old mated parasitoids showed attraction to the binary mixture, and 1–3 d-old mated parasitoids showed attraction to H. virescens-infested cotton. Age did not affect EAG response of parasitoids to test stimuli. Conclusions: The present results suggest that age and mating status do not play a major role in modulating olfactory responses of M. croceipes to host-related plant odors. Instead, plasticity of olfactory response may be limited in M. croceipes due to strong innate sensitivity to host-related odor cues.

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Jumean, Z., C. Wood, and G. Gries. "Does larval aggregation pheromone of codling moth, Cydia pomonella, induce attraction or arrestment of receivers?" Bulletin of Entomological Research 98, no. 4 (March 3, 2008): 425–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485308005646.

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AbstractCocoon-spinning larvae of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella, emit a pheromone that mediates aggregation by pupation site-seeking fifth-instar larvae. It was unknown and, thus, we tested whether the aggregation pheromone induces arrestment or attraction responses. In paired straight-tube experiment 1, fifth-instars moved faster and farther upwind toward cospecific cocoons compared to blank controls. In still-air cage experiment 2, fifth-instars selected more often as first and final choices of pupation sites those with cocooning conspecifics than those without. Finally, in Y-tube olfactometer experiment 3, fifth-instars anemotactically responded to, and preferred, side arms with cocooning conspecifics to those without. Our data provide evidence that codling moth larvae are attracted to, rather than merely arrested by, larval aggregation pheromone. These results help explain reported aggregations or clumped distributions of larvae on tree trunks, which would likely not occur if they were based merely on chance encounter of cocoon-spinning larvae by foraging larvae.

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Tyasningsiwi, Retno Wikan, Witjaksono Witjaksono, and Siwi Indarti. "Analysis of Volatile Compound at Different Age of Corn Crops Used as Bemisia tabaci Repellent." Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia 23, no. 1 (July 3, 2019): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jpti.35954.

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Bemisia tabaci is one of the red chili pests that plays a role as a Begomovirus vector. This vector can be controlled through Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices. One of the potential practices is by utilizing corn as a barrier crop to prevent the vector from attacking the main crop. The aim of this research was to examine the repellence activity of the volatile compound obtained from various ages of corn crop against B. tabaci. The volatile compound was collected from the corns at 4 week after planting (WAP), 6 WAP, 8 WAP, 10 WAP, and 12 WAP. Volatile compound capture device was designed with two solvents, i.e. hexane and ethanol, then the volatile compound analyzed by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). B. tabaci repellency against volatile compound was examined using Y-tube olfactometer. Each treatment was employed with 5 replications. Data were analyzed using ANOVA with 95% and further analyzed by Least Significant Different (LSD). The parameter observed was the total of B. tabaci avoided the volatile compound tested until half of the control olfactometer arm. The results showed that all ages of the corn produced repellent compound and the most optimal were corn aged 12 WAP with repellency rate of 83.72%. GC-MS analysis identified the volatile compound were citronella, limonene, β-phellandrene, β-caryophyllene, 1.8 cineole, farnesol, caryophyllene, and patchouli alcohol.

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Zhu, Xiang, Li Li, Tom Hsiang, Yuping Zha, Zhixiong Zhou, Ran Chen, Xian Wang, Qinglai Wu, and Junkai Li. "Chemical Composition and Attractant Activity of Volatiles from Rhus potaninii to The Spring Aphid Kaburagia rhusicola." Molecules 25, no. 15 (July 28, 2020): 3412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25153412.

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Rhus potaninii Maxim, a type of sumac, is an economically important tree widely cultivated in mountainous areas of western and central China. A gall, called the bellied gallnut, induced by the aphid, Kaburagia rhusicola Takagi, is important in the food, medical, and chemical industries in China. Volatiles from R. potaninii were found to attract K. rhusicola, but little is known about them. The chemical composition of these volatiles was investigated using GC–MS analysis and Y-tube olfactometer methods. Twenty-five compounds accounting for 55.3% of the volatiles were identified, with the highest proportion of 1-(4-ethylphenyl)ethanone (11.8%), followed by 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)ethanone (11.2%) and p-cymen-7-ol (7.1%). These findings provide a theoretical basis for the preparation of attractants and could eventually lead to increased bellied gallnut yield.

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Hua, Yang, Wang Hong-Wei, Yang Wei, and Yang Chun-Ping. "Electrophysiological and behavioral responses of Tomicus minor (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to host volatiles." Entomologica Fennica 26, no. 1 (May 13, 2015): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33338/ef.50912.

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To screen for host volatiles that effectively attract the lesser pine shoot beetle, Tomicus minor (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), an important forest pest, water vapor distillation extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were combined to analyze volatiles emitted from uninfested and infested shoots of Pinus yunnanensis (Pinaceae). Electroantennography and Y-tube olfactometer behavioral tests were used to compare and analyze the responses of male and female beetles to each of selected eight compounds. The spectrometry results showed that monoterpenes are the primary chemicals emitted by P. yunnanensis. The electroantennogram responses of adult T. minor to six of the plant compounds peaked at 10 μg/μL; the exceptions were terpinolene and myrcene, which had maxima above 100 μg/μL. (+)-α-Pinene and β-phellandrene were strongly attractiveto the male and female adults.

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Dwumfour, Edward F. "Volatile substances evoking orientation in the predatory flowerbug Anthocoris nemorum (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 82, no. 4 (December 1992): 465–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300042528.

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AbstractChemical signals produced by leaves of stinging nettle (Urtica dioica), goat willow (Salix caprea) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) attracted Anthocoris nemorum Linnaeus in a Y-tube plexiglass-walled olfactometer. A. nemorum reacted to odours of chloroform extracts of tomato foliage but not to water or methanol extracts. On the other hand, methanol or water extract of U. dioica attracted A. nemorum, but it was not attracted to chloroform soluble fractions of this plant. Adult A. nemorum could not distinguish between odour released by the aphids Myzus persicae (Sulzer) or Brevicoryne brassicae Linnaeus (Homoptera: Aphididae) and leaf odours emitted by Brussels sprout (Brassica oleracea). However, A. nemorum reacted to and distinguished between odours coming from either Tetranychus urticae Koch or T. cinnabarinus Boisduval (Acari: Tetranychidae) and from clean French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) leaves.

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Hamid, Hazrulrizawati Abd, Nishantini Silvarajoo, and Nurulhusna Ab Hamid. "Chemical Composition and Repellent Activity against Mosquito Aedes Aegypti of Pelargonium radula, Syzygiumaromaticum and Citrus aurantifolia Essential Oils." Materials Science Forum 981 (March 2020): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.981.253.

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The mosquito Aedes aegypti is an epidemic vector of several diseases such as dengue fever and yellow fever. Several pesticides are used to control the mosquito population. Because of their frequent use, some mosquitoes have developed resistance. In the present study, we evaluated the synergistic mosquito-repellent activity of essential oils from Pelargonium radula, Syzgium aromaticum and Citrus aurantifolia against Aedes aegypti by using Y-tube olfactometer. The oils was subsequently analyzed by using GC–MS. These results clearly reveal that the essential oil of C. aurantifolia served as the most potent repellent agent against Aedes aegypti . The results indicate that three constituents; limonene (19.58%) followed by β–pinene (17.12%), geraniol (13.23%) which comprise a large proportion of the C. aurantifolia are likely responsible for the observed repellent activity.

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Tian, Mi, Lili Xu, Jun Jiang, Shize Zhang, Tongxian Liu, and Yongyu Xu. "Host Plant Species of Bemisia tabaci Affect Orientational Behavior of the Ladybeetle Serangium japonicum and Their Implication for the Biological Control Strategy of Whiteflies." Insects 11, no. 7 (July 11, 2020): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11070434.

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Serangium japonicum Chapin (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is a predominant predator with a preference for Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). To date, the orientational behavior of S. japonicum toward B. tabaci-infested plants has seldom been reported. In this study, greenhouse cage experiments and bioassays with wind tunnels, a Y-tube olfactometer and B. tabaci-induced plant volatiles were executed to clarify this behavior. In greenhouse cage experiments, B. tabaci adults significantly preferred eggplant, cucumber and tobacco to cotton and tomato, whereas S. japonicum adults preferred B. tabaci-infested eggplant, cucumber and cotton to tobacco and tomato. In wind tunnel bioassays, B. tabaci showed a clear preference for eggplant, cucumber and tobacco. Compared with B. tabaci-infested eggplant, cucumber or cotton, B. tabaci-infested tobacco was rarely visited by S. japonicum. In Y-tube bioassays, S. japonicum did not distinguish between B. tabaci-infested and uninfested eggplant. Nine common plant volatiles were detected in different plant species, suggesting that these volatiles may play an important role in the process by which S. japonicum looks for prey. In light of the current results, we discuss the implications of our findings and put forward to a new strategy—i.e., an eggplant + B. tabaci + S. japonicum system—to control B. tabaci damage in the integrated management of whitefly.

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Mbata, G. N., S. Shu, and S. B. Ramaswamy. "Sex pheromones of Callosobruchus subinnotatus and C. maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae): congeneric responses and role of air movement." Bulletin of Entomological Research 90, no. 2 (April 2000): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300000250.

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Females of Callosobruchus spp. are known to produce sex pheromones that attract males. These sex pheromones cannot be adopted for use in pest management without first investigating the responses of the males in the windless conditions of storage environments. Consequently, behavioural bioassays of Callosobruchus subinnotatus Pic males were conducted in an olfactometer in the absence of air-flow. Under these conditions males were found to be able to follow odour trails to the source. However, the latency period was longer in diffusional bioassays than for insects in a Y-tube olfactometer that provided directional wind cues. The highest percentage of males reached the pheromone source when components of the pheromones, (E)-3-methyl-2-heptenoic acid (E32A) and (Z)-3-methyl-2-heptenoic acid (Z32A), were formulated in a 50:50 or 25:75 ratio. Males of C. maculatus (Fabricius) responded to sex pheromone of C. subinnotatus, but males of C. subinnotatus did not respond to that of C. maculatus. The two sex pheromone components of C. subinnotatus are also constituents of C. maculatus sex pheromone. These two components may be potentially useful in monitoring the populations of both species in stored beans. It is postulated that (Z)-3-methyl-3-heptenoic acid (Z33A), the major component of the sex pheromone of C. maculatus, must have acted as an antagonist inhibiting response of C. subinnotatus to the sex pheromone of C. maculatus.

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Koschier, Elisabeth H., Mette-Cecilie Nielsen, Bernhard Spangl, Melanie M. Davidson, and David A. J. Teulon. "The effect of background plant odours on the behavioural responses ofFrankliniella occidentalisto attractive or repellent compounds in a Y-tube olfactometer." Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 163, no. 2 (April 12, 2017): 160–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eea.12566.

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Kim, Dae-Yun, Theerachart Leepasert, Michael J. Bangs, and Theeraphap Chareonviriyaphap. "Evaluation of Mosquito Attractant Candidates Using a High-Throughput Screening System for Aedes aegypti (L.), Culex quinquefasciatus Say. and Anopheles minimus Theobald (Diptera: Culicidae)." Insects 12, no. 6 (June 6, 2021): 528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12060528.

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Several types of olfactometers have been used to evaluate mosquito responses to agents that mimic natural volatiles that repel or attract. The Y-tube olfactometer has been widely used to study repellents and attractants, while the high-throughput screening system assay has only been used to study repellents. Whether the high-throughput screening system assay is suitable for evaluating attractants is unknown. We evaluated the responses to four lactic-acid-based mixtures and two non-lactic-acid-based chemical lure candidates using the high-throughput screening system (HITSS) for three mosquito species (laboratory strains and field populations of both Aedes aegypti (L.) and Culex quinquefasciatus Say.; laboratory strain of Anopheles minimus Theobald) under laboratory-controlled conditions. HITSS assay results showed that KU-lure #1 elicited the greatest percent attraction for pyrethroid-resistant and -susceptible Ae. aegypti. KU-lure #6 elicited the strongest attractive response for pyrethroid-susceptible and -resistant Cx. quinquefasciatus and pyrethroid-susceptible An. minimus. The response to the lures from each species was independent of the pyrethroid susceptibility status (Ae. aegypti, p = 0.825; Cx. quinquefasciatus, p = 0.056). However, a significant difference in attraction to KU-lure #6 was observed between diurnal and nocturnal mosquitoes (Cx. quinquefasciatus vs. Ae. aegypti, p = 0.014; An. minimus vs. Ae. aegypti, p = 0.001). The laboratory-level HITSS assay effectively selects potential lure candidates. Because the host-seeking behavior differs between mosquito species, further studies are needed to develop species-specific attractants. Additional studies in semi-field screen houses using commercial traps are necessary to evaluate the accuracy of these laboratory assay results.

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Zhu, G., L. Pan, Y. Zhao, X. Zhang, F. Wang, Y. Yu, W. Fan, Q. Liu, S. Zhang, and M. Li. "Chemical investigations of volatile kairomones produced by Hyphantria cunea (Drury), a host of the parasitoid Chouioia cunea Yang." Bulletin of Entomological Research 107, no. 2 (September 15, 2016): 234–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485316000833.

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AbstractIn tritrophic ‘plants–herbivores–natural enemies’ systems, there are relatively few reports concerning the role(s) of kairomones in pupal parasitism. Chouioia cunea Yang (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), an endoparasitic chalcid wasp, parasitizes pupae of the fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea Drury). The role of host-related kairomones was investigated using electroantennogram (EAG) and behavioral techniques. Chemicals from some host stages (pupae) and host by-products (frass), induced arrestment behavior of female parasitoids, while chemicals from prepupae, were inactive. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of volatiles collected from pupae, frass and prepupae using solid-phase microextration revealed seven compounds with carbon chain lengths ranging from C4 to C20. All of the chemicals elicited significant EAG responses in C. cunea. Y-tube olfactometer bioassays demonstrated a significant positive response of mated female C. cunea to 1-dodecene. These data provide a better understanding of the host location mechanisms of pupal parasitoid.

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Espinoza, Javier, Manuel Chacón-Fuentes, Andrés Quiroz, Leonardo Bardehle, Paul Escobar-Bahamondes, and Emilio Ungerfeld. "Antifeedant Effects and Repellent Activity of Loline Alkaloids from Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue against Horn Flies, Haematobia irritans (Diptera: Muscidae)." Molecules 26, no. 4 (February 4, 2021): 817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26040817.

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Haematobia irritans is an obligate bloodsucking ectoparasite of cattle and is the global major pest of livestock production. Currently, H. irritans management is largely dependent upon broad-spectrum pesticides, which lately has led to the development of insecticide resistance. Thus, alternative control methods are necessary. Endophyte-infected grasses have been studied as an alternative due to their capability to biosynthesize alkaloids associated with anti-insect activities. Thus, the main aim of this study was to evaluate the antifeedant and repellent activity of lolines obtained from endophyte-infected tall fescue against H. irritans adults in laboratory conditions. The alkaloid extract (ALKE) was obtained by acid–base extraction. N-formyl loline (NFL) and N-acetyl loline (NAL) were isolated by preparative thin layer chromatography (pTLC) and column chromatography (CC), and the loline was prepared by acid hydrolysis of a NFL/NAL mixture. Loline identification was performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Feeding behavior was evaluated by a non-choice test, and olfactory response was evaluated using a Y-tube olfactometer. Accordingly, all samples showed antifeedant activities. NFL was the most antifeedant compound at 0.5 µg/µL and 1.0 µg/µL, and it was statistically equal to NAL but different to loline; however, NAL was not statistically different to loline. NFL and NAL at 0.25 µg/µL were more active than loline. All samples except loline exhibited spatial repellency in the olfactometer. Thus, the little or non-adverse effects for cattle and beneficial activities of those lolines make them suitable candidates for horn fly management.

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Teulon, D. A. J., M. M. Davidson, N. B. Perry, M. C. Nielsen, C. Castañé, D. Bosch, J. Riudavets, R. W. H. M. van Tol, and W. J. de Kogel. "Methyl isonicotinate – a non-pheromone thrips semiochemical – and its potential for pest management." International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 37, no. 02 (May 16, 2017): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742758417000030.

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AbstractMethyl isonicotinate is one of several patented 4-pyridyl carbonyl compounds being investigated for a variety of uses in thrips pest management. It is probably the most extensively studied thrips non-pheromone semiochemical, with field and glasshouse trapping experiments, and wind tunnel and Y-tube olfactometer studies in several countries demonstrating a behavioural response that results in increased trap capture of at least 12 thrips species, including the cosmopolitan virus vectors such as western flower thrips and onion thrips. Methyl isonicotinate has several of the characteristics that are required for an effective semiochemical tool and is being mainly used as a lure in combination with coloured sticky traps for enhanced monitoring of thrips in greenhouses. Research indicates that this non-pheromone semiochemical has the potential to be used for other thrips management strategies such as mass trapping, lure and kill, lure and infect, and as a behavioural synergist in conjunction with insecticides, in a range of indoor and outdoor crops.

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Xu, Yi-Juan, and Guang Wen Liang. "Effects of Honeydew of Phenacoccus solenopsis on Foliar Foraging by Solenopsis invcta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Sociobiology 59, no. 1 (October 21, 2014): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v59i1.668.

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The olfactory response of fire ants to plant leaves, mealybugs and the honeydew excreted by mealybugs was tested with a Y-tube olfactometer. The foraging activities of fire ants on three plants were also measured. Our results showed that plant leaves and mealybugs alone had no significant attraction to the fire ant workers, while fire ants could be obviously attracted by honeydew. The selection rate of fire ants on honeydew of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, cotton (Gossypium spp.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) was 60.22%, 57.45% and 64.29% respectively. When mealybugs were present on plants, fire ant workers foraged more frequently on the plants than controls (P<0.05). As to different plants, fire ants preferred foraging on tomato (66.3 per plant) to Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (50.4 per plant) and cotton (45.1 per plant). However, there was no significant difference in foraging frequency of fire ants on the three kinds of plant, with 24.9, 22.9 and 32.3 ants foraging per five minutes respectively.

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Bahadoorsingh, Reetu, and Ayub Khan. "Olfactory mediated interactions between Citrus aurantium Toxoptera citricida and Lysiphlebus testaceipes." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 41, no. 11 (November 2006): 1587–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2006001100003.

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The objective of this study was to establish whether there are olfactory interactions in the Lysiphlebus testaceipes Toxoptera citricida and Citrus aurantium tritrophic system. The response of male and female L. testaceipes to different odour sources of the host plant C. aurantium, the aphid host T. citricida and aphid-plant complex were investigated using a Y-tube olfactometer. Laboratory experiments were conducted by exposing individually aged male and female L. testaceipes to eight different odour treatments. Response of the parasitoids was taken after 15 min exposure to the volatiles from the different odour sources and based on their orientation to the particular chamber. Seventy percent of both male and female L. testaceipes showed high attractivity to aphid infested leaves. There was no significant difference based on age and sex of the parasitoid on their choice of odour. The organic compounds released by these combinations acted as semiochemicals in the tritrophic interactions and it is suggested that insect feeding induced attraction of the parasitoid L. testaceipes.

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Belda, Consuelo, and Jordi Riudavets. "Attraction of the parasitoid Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) to odors from grain and stored product pests in a Y-tube olfactometer." Biological Control 54, no. 1 (July 2010): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2010.02.005.

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Zhu, Yan, and Dong Wang. "Leaf Volatiles from Two Corydalis Species Lure A Keystone Seed-dispersing Ant and Enhance Seed Retrieval." Sociobiology 65, no. 3 (October 2, 2018): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v65i3.2726.

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It has been reported that a suit of plant traits can regulate the ant-seed interaction and subsequently affect the seed dispersal. However, the role of plant volatiles in attracting the ants for seed dispersal remains little examined. We used a Y-tube olfactometer to test behavior response of a keystone seed-dispersing ant (Pristomyrmex pungens Mayr) to leaves and seeds of five co-occurring myrmecochorous Corydalis species (C. wilfordii Regel, C. racemosa (Thunberg) Persoon, C. sheareri S. Moore, C. balansae Prain and C. incisa (Thunberg) Persoon). Of the five species, only C. wilfordii and C. racemosa leaves emits heavily volatiles. We also performed seed cafeteria experiments to assess the effect of leaf volatiles from C. racemosa on seed retrieval by presenting simultaneously the seeds near the fresh leaf and the leaf immersed by diethyl ether both in the field and lab. The experiment using Y-tube showed that the ants were only significantly attracted by the fresh leaves of two species, C. wilfordii and C. racemosa. The cafeteria experiments showed that ants spent less time to detect the C. racemosa seeds which were near the fresh leaf, and transported these seeds more quickly. This indicated that the leaf volatiles can function as an attractant for the dispersing ants, and ant preference in turn enhance the seed retrieval. The findings reveal that leaf volatiles can play na important but underestimated role in shaping the ant-seed dispersing interactions.

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Achhami, Buddhi B., Gadi V. P. Reddy, M. L. Hofland, Jamie D. Sherman, Robert K. D. Peterson, and David K. Weaver. "Plant Volatiles and Oviposition Behavior in the Selection of Barley Cultivars by Wheat Stem Sawfly (Hymenoptera: Cephidae)." Environmental Entomology 50, no. 4 (April 22, 2021): 940–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvab035.

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Abstract Wheat stem sawfly, [Cephus cinctus (Hymenoptera: Cephidae)], females display complex behaviors for host selection and oviposition. Susceptible hollow stem wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars release a greater amount of attractive compound, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and receive a greater number of eggs compared to resistant solid stem wheat cultivars. However, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is becoming a more common host for C. cinctus in Montana. Therefore, how do host selection and oviposition behaviors on barley cultivars compare to what happens when encountering wheat cultivars? To answer this question, we carried out greenhouse experiments using two barley cultivars: ‘Hockett’ and ‘Craft’. Between these cultivars at Zadoks stages 34 and 49, we compared host selection decisions using a Y-tube olfactometer, compared oviposition behaviors on stems, and counted the number of eggs inside individual stems. In Y-tube bioassays, we found a greater number of C. cinctus females were attracted to the airstream passing over ‘Hockett’ than ‘Craft’ barley cultivars. Although the frequencies of oviposition behaviors were similar between these cultivars, the number of eggs was greater in ‘Hockett’. Volatile profiles indicated that the amount of linalool was greater in the airstream from ‘Craft’ than in ‘Hockett’ at Zadoks 34 while the amount of (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate was greater in airstream from ‘Hockett’ at both Zadoks 34 and 49. These results suggest that volatiles of barley plants influenced host selection behavior of ovipositing C. cinctus females, while other discriminating behaviors do not differ between cultivars.

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Chen, Yigen, Michael D. Ulyshen, and Therese M. Poland. "Abundance of volatile organic compounds in white ash phloem and emerald ash borer larval frass does not attractTetrastichus planipennisiin a Y-tube olfactometer." Insect Science 23, no. 5 (June 3, 2015): 712–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1744-7917.12227.

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Kvedaras, O. L., M. An, Y. S. Choi, and G. M. Gurr. "Silicon enhances natural enemy attraction and biological control through induced plant defences." Bulletin of Entomological Research 100, no. 3 (September 9, 2009): 367–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485309990265.

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AbstractSilicon (Si) is known to have a role in constitutive plant defence against arthropod pests, and recent work has illustrated involvement in induced plant defences. The present tri-trophic study tested the hypothesis that Si increases natural enemy attraction to pest-infested plants and improves biological control. Cucumber plants treated with potassium silicate (Si+) and untreated control plants (Si−) were maintained in separately vented glasshouse compartments. Y-tube olfactometer studies showed that adult Dicranolaius bellulus were significantly more attracted to Si+ plants upon which Helicoverpa armigera larvae had fed compared with Si−, pest-infested plants. Predators were not significantly more attracted to Si+ plants when comparing uninfested cucumbers. In a field experiment, we placed H. armigera-infested and uninfested Si+ and Si− cucumber plants in a lucerne stand. Removal rates of H. armigera egg baits showed predation was greater for Si+ infested plants than for other treatments. Results suggest that Si applied to plants with a subsequent pest infestation increases the plants' attractiveness to natural enemies; an effect that was reflected in elevated biological control in the field.

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Hussain, Mubasher, Jing Gao, Summyya Bano, Liande Wang, Yongwen Lin, Steve Arthurs, Muhammad Qasim, and Runqian Mao. "Diamondback Moth Larvae Trigger Host Plant Volatiles that Lure Its Adult Females for Oviposition." Insects 11, no. 11 (October 23, 2020): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11110725.

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The diamondback moth (DBM) is a destructive pest of crucifer crops. In this study, DBM larvae shown to herbivore induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) that were attractive to adult females exposed in a Y-tube olfactometer. Our results showed that olfactory responses of adult females to HIPVs induced by third instar larvae feeding on Barbarea vulgaris were significantly higher (20.40 ± 1.78; mean moths (%) ± SD) than those induced by first instar larvae (14.80 ± 1.86; mean moths (%) ± SD). Meanwhile, a significant concentration of Sulphur-containing isothiocyanate, 3-methylsulfinylpropyl isothiocyanate, and 4-methylsulfinyl-3-butenyl isothiocyanate were detected in HIPVs released by third instar larvae compared to those released by first instar larvae while feeding on B. vulgaris. When the DBM females were exposed to synthetic chemicals, singly and in blend form, a similar response was observed as to natural HIPVs. Our study demonstrated that the relationship between isothiocyanates acting as plant defense compounds, host plant cues emission and regulation of the DBM adult female behavior due to key volatile triggered by the DBM larvae feeding on B. vulgaris.

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Franco-Archundia, Sandra, Agustín Gonzaga-Segura, Alfredo Jiménez-Pérez, and Víctor Castrejón-Gómez. "Behavioral Response of Leptoglossus zonatus (Heteroptera: Coreidae) to Stimuli Based on Colors and its Aggregation Pheromone." Insects 9, no. 3 (July 26, 2018): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects9030091.

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The leaf-footed bug Leptoglossus zonatus (Dallas) (Heteroptera: Coreidae) is an important pest in the Americas. However, no preference of colors, sexual behavior nor aggregation pheromone has been reported, which can be used for detection, monitoring, and control purposes. In the laboratory we tested the attractiveness of white, violet, blue, green, yellow, and orange color to nymphs and adults (mated and unmated) and found that most adults and nymphs were attracted to and remained longer on blue and green colored cards than the other colors tested. We found that couples may remain in copula ≈185 min and mate ≈20 times in a 60 d period with a similar number of matings during the scotophase and the photophase. Sexual behavior consists of six patterns: grooming, abdomen movement, antenna movement, antennation, mounting, and mating. In a Y-tube olfactometer, 80 and 62.5% of the adults tested were attracted to a hexane-extract of the volatiles released by 40 males and 40 females, respectively. This is the first report of the biological evidence of an aggregation pheromone in this bug.

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Xu, Tian, Laura Hansen, and Stephen A. Teale. "Female calling behaviour in the Asian longhorned beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)." Canadian Entomologist 151, no. 5 (August 2, 2019): 600–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2019.37.

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AbstractFemale Asian longhorned beetles, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), were observed rhythmically extruding their genitalia, resembling the calling behaviour observed in other species of Cerambycidae. We demonstrate that only female A. glabripennis adults perform this behaviour, which lasts up to nearly six minutes and typically includes two types: (1) extrusion of only the tip of genitalia and (2) genitalia fully extruded and deflexed. The frequency and duration of this behaviour are affected by temperature and posteclosion feeding experience, but do not vary with the female age. Anoplophora glabripennis adult males were observed flexing their abdomen downward while extruding their genitalia but only when exposed to the odour of live females with host twigs. In Y-tube olfactometer assays, the volatiles from live females or female genital extracts both attracted more males than the volatiles from live males, male genital extracts, or solvent controls, all in the presence of host-plant volatiles. These findings indicate that A. glabripennis females may produce volatile sexual attractants in association with genital extrusion.

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Cao, Yu, Jie Wang, Giacinto Salvatore Germinara, Lijuan Wang, Hong Yang, Yulin Gao, and Can Li. "Behavioral Responses of Thrips hawaiiensis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) to Volatile Compounds Identified from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (Gentianales: Rubiaceae)." Insects 11, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11070408.

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Thrips hawaiiensis is a common thrips pest of various plant flowers with host preference. Plant volatiles provide important information for host-searching in insects. We examined the behavioral responses of T. hawaiiensis adults to the floral volatiles of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, Gerbera jamesonii Bolus, Paeonia lactiflora Pallas, and Rosa chinensis Jacq. in a Y-tube olfactometer. T. hawaiiensis adults showed significantly different preferences to these four-flower plants, with the ranking of G. jasminoides > G. jamesonii > P. lactiflora ≥ R. chinensis. Further, 29 components were identified in the volatile profiles of G. jasminoides, and (Z)-3-hexenyl tiglate (14.38 %), linalool (27.45 %), and (E3,E7)-4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-1,3,7,11-tetraene (24.67 %) were the most abundant. Six-arm olfactometer bioassays showed that T. hawaiiensis had significant positive responses to (Z)-3-hexenyl tiglate, linalool, and (E3,E7)-4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-1,3,7,11-tetraene tested at various concentrations, with the most attractive ones being 10−3 μL/μL, 10−2 μL/μL and 100 μg/μL for each compound, respectively. In pairing of these three compounds at their optimal concentrations, T. hawaiiensis showed the preference ranking of (Z)-3-hexenyl tiglate > linalool > (E3,E7)-4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-1,3,7,11-tetraene. Large numbers of T. hawaiiensis have been observed on G. jasminoides flowers in the field, which might be caused by the high attraction of this pest to G. jasminoides floral volatiles shown in the present study. Our findings shed light on the olfactory cues routing host plant searching behavior in T. hawaiiensis, providing important information on how T. hawaiiensis targets particular host plants. The high attractiveness of the main compounds (e.g., linalool, (E3,E7)-4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-1,3,7,11-tetraene, particular (Z)-3-hexenyl tiglate) identified from volatiles of G. jasminoides flowers may be exploited further to develop novel monitoring and control tools (e.g., lure and kill strategies) against this flower-inhabiting thrips pest.

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Weyl, P., and M. P. Hill. "The Effect of Previous Feeding on Water Hyacinth Leaf Acceptability by Three Water Hyacinth Biological Control Agents Measured with a Simple Y-Tube Olfactometer." African Entomology 20, no. 1 (March 2012): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4001/003.020.0128.

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Coffey, John L., Alvin M. Simmons, B. Merle Shepard, Yaakov Tadmor, and Amnon Levi. "Potential Sources of Whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Resistance in Desert Watermelon (Citrullus colocynthis) Germplasm." HortScience 50, no. 1 (January 2015): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.50.1.13.

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Selection for and incorporation of host plant resistance into cultivars is a fundamental strategy to control insects and diseases and may help reduce reliance on synthetic pesticides. The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), is an important pest of watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunberg) Matsum. and Nakai var. lanatus] and is among the most damaging pests in many agricultural systems worldwide. Citrullus colocynthis L., a perennial melon species indigenous to arid regions of northern Africa, the Mediterranean region, and southwestern Asia, is a valuable source of resistance to insect pests and diseases of watermelon. Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate selected C. colocynthis genotypes for sources of resistance to B. tabaci. Thirty genotypes of C. colocynthis, collected in different geographic regions, were evaluated against the heirloom cultivar Calhoun Gray using first a horizontal Y-tube olfactometer in the laboratory. A selected subset of the genotypes was evaluated in a second experiment in the laboratory using a vertical monitoring assay. In this assay, whiteflies could freely move upward to feed and oviposit on leaves placed in the upper portion of a Y-tube. In a third experiment, a choice assay was conducted on selected genotypes in cages in the greenhouse. Of the 30 C. colocynthis genotypes evaluated, PI 346082 (collected in Afghanistan) exhibited the highest level of resistance against B. tabaci based on all three experiments. PI 537277 (collected in Pakistan) exhibited a significantly high level of whitefly resistance based on low survival of adult whiteflies and a low ratio of nymphs to eggs. PI 346082 and PI 537277 should be a useful source for breeding projects aiming to improve whitefly resistance in watermelon cultivars.

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Kimani, Susan W., and William A. Overholt. "Biosystematics of the Cotesia flavipes complex (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): interspecific hybridization, sex pheromone and mating behaviour studies." Bulletin of Entomological Research 85, no. 3 (September 1995): 379–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300036117.

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AbstractMating behaviour, sex pheromone attraction and reciprocal breeding of Cotesia flavipes Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), C. sesamiae (Cameron) and C. chilonis (Matsumura) were studied. These three putative species comprise the Cotesia flavipes complex. Wing fanning and antennal vibration were the initial courtship signals from the males. Antennal stroking by the male was also an important contact signal and a prerequisite to successful mounting and copulation. Interspecific crosses revealed that males of C. flavipes exhibited courtship behaviour, and mounted and copulated with females of C. chilonis and C. sesamiae; the males transferred sperm but progeny from these crosses did not include females. Males of C. sesamiae copulated with females of C. chilonis and the progeny included viable females. The progeny backcrosses of the hybrid females to male parents also included viable females. Sex pheromone experiments were conducted in a Y-tube olfactometer and in large field cages. Males and females of C. flavipes perceived and responded to odours emitted by the opposite sex. There was no significant response to odours from conspecific individuals of the same sex in any of the three species. Pheromone bioassays in field cages using sticky traps baited with live virgin C. flavipes females attracted conspecific males.

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Milonas, Panagiotis G., Eirini Anastasaki, and Georgios Partsinevelos. "Oviposition-Induced Volatiles Affect Electrophysiological and Behavioral Responses of Egg Parasitoids." Insects 10, no. 12 (December 5, 2019): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10120437.

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In response to an attack by herbivores, plants emit a variety of compounds that may act as semiochemicals. Oviposition-induced volatiles (OIPVs) have been shown to mediate interactions between plants and natural enemies. Here, we investigated the role of OIPVs by Tuta absoluta towards two egg parasitoids, Trichogramma cordubense and T. achaeae. We collected headspace volatiles from tomato plants at 24, 48, and 72 h after oviposition by T. absoluta females and tested the antennographic response of Trichogramma parasitoids to them by means of gas chromatography- electro-antennographical detection (GC-EAD). The response of the parasitoids was also tested in behavioral experiments using a Y-tube olfactometer. Oviposition by T. absoluta females induced qualitative and quantitative changes in the volatiles emitted by tomato plants. Antennae of Trichogramma parasitoids responded to several of the induced volatiles in GC-EAD. T. cordubense females were attracted to tomato plants with T. absoluta eggs 24 h after oviposition. The elucidation of the behavior of egg parasitoids towards OIPVs enhances the development of sustainable management strategies either by selecting species that exploit OIPVs or by manipulating their foraging behavior by utilizing specific OIPVs that are used by parasitoids as a host location.

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Cheng, Weining, Yudong Zhang, Jinlin Yu, Wei Liu, and Keyan Zhu-Salzman. "Functional Analysis of Odorant-Binding Proteins 12 and 17 from Wheat Blossom Midge Sitodiplosis mosellana Géhin (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)." Insects 11, no. 12 (December 17, 2020): 891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11120891.

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The wheat blossom midge Sitodiplosis mosellana, one of the most disastrous wheat pests, depends highly on olfactory cues to track suitable plants. To better understand the olfactory recognition mechanisms involved in host selection, in the present study we cloned two S. mosellana adult antenna-specific odorant binding protein (OBP) genes, SmosOBP12 and SmosOBP17, and evaluated bacterially expressed recombinant proteins for their selectivity and sensitivity for host wheat volatiles using the fluorescence-based ligand binding assay. The results showed that both SmosOBPs effectively bound alcohol, ester, ketone, and terpenoid compounds. Particularly, SmosOBP12 had significantly higher affinities (Ki < 10.5 μM) than SmosOBP17 (Ki2 > 0.1 μM) to 3-hexanol, 1-octen-3-ol, D-panthenol, 3-carene, (Z)-3-hexenylacetate, hexyl acetate, methyl salicylate, heptyl acetate, and ethyl heptanoate. Consistently, S. mosellana females were attracted to all these chemicals in a behavioral assay using Y-tube olfactometer. SmosOBP12 also bound aldehyde, but neither bound alkanes. Notably, SmosOBP12 exhibited strong affinity to ocimene (Ki = 8.2 μM) that repelled S. mosellana. SmosOBP17, however, was insensitive to this compound. Taken together, our results indicate that SmosOBP12 may play a greater role than SmosOBP17 in perceiving these biologically active plant volatiles.

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Liu, Yan-Mei, Shu-Hao Guo, Fei-Feng Wang, Li-He Zhang, Chang-Fei Guo, Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson, Bao-Li Qiu, and Wen Sang. "Tamarixia radiata Behaviour is Influenced by Volatiles from Both Plants and Diaphorina citri Nymphs." Insects 10, no. 5 (May 16, 2019): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10050141.

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Tamarixia radiata (Waterston) is an important ectoparasitoid of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, a globally destructive pest of citrus. In the present study, a Y-tube olfactometer was employed to investigate whether the parasitoid T. radiata is capable of utilizing the odour source emitted by both plants and insect hosts during its foraging. The odour sources included Murraya paniculata (L.) shoots, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th D. citri instar nymphs, both individually and in combinations. Moreover, nymph-stage choice for parasitism, including 3rd, 4th, and 5th D. citri instar nymphs, was carried out. The results indicated that female T. radiata were only significantly attracted to volatiles emitted by M. paniculata shoots, 3rd, 4th, and 5th instar nymphs of D. citri, but could not distinguish between them. T. radiata males were not attracted by odours sourced from any instar D. citri nymphs. Female T. radiata adults exhibited a significant preference to later instar nymphal stages of D. citri for oviposition. The results from this study can be used to guide further investigations on the searching behaviour of this parasitoid and its utilization in D. citri biocontrol.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Y-tube olfactometer'

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