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Journal articles on the topic 'Y type jet atomizer'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 6 July 2025

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1

Malý, Milan, Marcel Sapík, Jan Jedelský, et al. "Internal flow characteristics in scaled pressure-swirl atomizer." EPJ Web of Conferences 180 (2018): 02059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818002059.

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Pressure-swirl atomizers are used in a wide range of industrial applications, e.g.: combustion, cooling, painting, food processing etc. Their spray characteristics are closely linked to the internal flow which predetermines the parameters of the liquid sheet formed at the discharge orifice. To achieve a better understanding of the spray formation process, the internal flow was characterised using Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA) and high-speed imaging in a transparent model made of cast PMMA (Poly(methyl methacrylate)). The design of the transparent atomizer was derived from a pressure-swirl atomizer as used in a small gas turbine. Due to the small dimensions, it was manufactured in a scale of 10:1. It has modular concept and consists of three parts which were ground, polished and bolted together. The original kerosene-type jet A-1 fuel had to be replaced due to the necessity of a refractive index match. The new working liquid should also be colourless, non-aggressive to the PMMA and have the appropriate viscosity to achieve the same Reynolds number as in the original atomizer. Several liquids were chosen and tested to satisfy these requirements. P-Cymene was chosen as the suitable working liquid. The internal flow characteristics were consequently examined by LDA and high-speed camera using p-Cymene and Kerosene-type jet A-1 in comparative manner.

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2

Daikoku, Masatoshi, Sh Tanno, and Takao Inamura. "Spray Characteristics of Y-Jet-Type Airblast Atomizer Embedding Fluid Amplifier." International Journal of Fluid Mechanics Research 24, no. 1-3 (1997): 407–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/interjfluidmechres.v24.i1-3.410.

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3

DAIKOKU, Masatoshi, Hitoshi FURUDATE, and Takao INAMURA. "Characteristics of Y-Jet-Type Airblast Atomizer with Self-Control Function." JSME International Journal Series B 48, no. 1 (2005): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeb.48.41.

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4

Arriaga, Ian, Jasuo Sayán, Julio Ronceros, et al. "Study of Internal Flow in a Liquid Nitrogen Flow Decelerator Through Swirl Effect Consisting of a Jet-Type Cryogenic Injection System for Food Freezing." Fluids 9, no. 12 (2024): 302. https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids9120302.

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This article addresses the study of internal flow dynamics within a cryogenic chamber designed for freezing food using liquid nitrogen injection. The chamber features a circular section with strategically placed jet-type atomizers for this purpose. The primary objective is to extend the residence time of the cryogenic fluid within the chamber to ensure uniform and effective freezing of the passing food items. This is achieved by inducing a swirl effect through strategic deceleration of the flow using the atomizers. The meticulous placement of these atomizers at periodic intervals along the internal walls of the cylindrical chamber ensures prolonged recirculation of the internal flow. Internal temperature analysis is crucial to ensure the freezing process. The study is supported by numerical analysis in CFD ANSYS to assess the dynamics of the swirl effect and parameters associated with the nitrogen–air interface, from which we obtain a sophisticated analysis thanks to the design of a hexahedral mesh made in greater detail in ICEM CFD. This approach aims to understand internal flow behavior and its correlation with the complexity of cryogenic system design, utilizing variable nitrogen-injection pressures and strategic atomizer placement as fundamental parameters to optimize system design.

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5

Xiao, Yao Zong, Wen Jun Zhang, Bin Wang, and Chun Cheng Tai. "Floatation Column Test Research into Ore Way." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 1718–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.1718.

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Developed a test using column flotation device, this experiment device in the structure designing considerate multifunctional traits, realizing continuous and respectively working. In the testing platform, installing two diameter vertical and inclined floatation column, so the device can complete roughing, selection and sweep the election testing. On researching the inflatable way, designing and testing two kinds of inflatable devices, one is jet, the other is sand core type. And testing three kinds of into ore ways, conical nozzle atomizer, atomizer grid and bar nozzle device. Through a series of contrast testing, making useful testing data, the testing provide the basis for designing the floatation column.

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6

Sikka, Raghav, Knut Vågsæther, Dag Bjerketvedt, and Joachim Lundberg. "Experimental Study of Primary Atomization Characteristics of Sonic Air-Assist Atomizers." Applied Sciences 11, no. 21 (2021): 10444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112110444.

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The present study compares two twin-fluid atomizer concepts based on the airflow (shock waves) pattern obtained through shadowgraph imaging for atomization of water with a low air/water pressure supply. The research work was conducted using the backlight imaging technique for converging (sonic) and converging–diverging (supersonic) air-assist atomizers with a 3.0 mm (throat) diameter. An annular sheet of thicknesses 70 µm and 280 µm with a high-speed air-core was employed to study the breakup dynamics for different water mass flow rates (100–350 kg/h) and air mass flow rates (5–35 kg/h). Different sheet breakup patterns were identified as the function of the ALR ratio (air-to-liquid mass flow), liquid Weber number (WeL), and Reynolds number (Reg). Different breakup modes extend from canonical Rayleigh bubble breakup, ligament-type breakup, to the pure pulsating breakup via annular sheet disintegration. The sheet breakup dynamics were studied in terms of spray angle and breakup length. With higher ALR values, breakup length showed a decreasing trend, while spray angle showed an increasing trend in the converging and converging–diverging (CD) air-assist atomizers, respectively, owing to the drastic difference in the jet flow dynamics.

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7

Wang, Muh Ron, Che Jui Yang, Jian Duen Huang, Tien Chu Lin, and Ming Shen Sheu. "Effects of Substrate Geometry on Performance of Twin-Fluid Atomizer in Metal Powder Production." Materials Science Forum 594 (August 2008): 138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.594.138.

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Uniform and spherical metal powders have been widely used in many industrial applications. This paper investigates the control of particle size and size distribution by the impingement of the molten spray on the substrate with different geometries. The idea is to combine the atomization process with the classification process. Result shows that a significant reduction of the particle size occurred when the substrate was placed in the spray jet. The mean particle size was lowered to 8.0μm with a low transmission ratio of the spray jet in the existence of the ring type substrate. The particle size increased from 8.78μm to 12.67μm as the transmission ratio was increased from 13.92% to 75.80%. The reduction in particle size was due to the effect of the blockage of the substrate on the spray. The particle size increased from 6.72μm to 6.98μm when the disk-type substrate was placed at Z = 150mm and 200mm, respectively. The particle size of this case was smaller than the case with ring type substrate because the transmission ratio of the disk type substrate was lower. The percentage of small particles (i.e., V15-) were higher than 60% and the percentages of V25-45 were 4.19% and 0.37% when the disk-type substrate was placed at Z=150mm and Z=200mm, respectively, indicating that almost all of the particles were below 25μm under these conditions. Hence this technique is very effective in controlling the particle size in the metal powder production.

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8

Ridzwan Kamaruddin, Syabillah Sulaiman, Amir Khalid, et al. "Computational Fluid Dynamics: Flow Analysis on The Effect of Different Jet Orifice Angle Multi Circular Jet for Fuel and Air Mixing." CFD Letters 16, no. 1 (2023): 121–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/cfdl.16.1.121137.

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The mixing of fuel and air plays a major role in the spray and flame behavior, hence affecting the combustion performance and emissions of the internal mixing air-assisted atomizers. Air-assisted atomizers are introduced to counter the low-pressure differential of a simplex nozzle, which reduces the atomization quality. The present study aims to determine the effects of Multi Circular Jet (MCJ) plates on the geometrical configurations of internal flows in mixing chamber and the internal flow of plate 3 using different properties of fuel. In this study, the realizable k-ε turbulence model, specifically designed for strongly swirling flows, is validated through numerical simulations. The turbulence model selected is a type of Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) model called the k-ε model. The MCJ plates provide the primary air entrance into the mixing chamber. Additionally, it acts as a turbulence generator and can be adjusted to alter the flow of fuel and air mixtures in a mixing chamber. The study compares several MCJ geometries in terms of pressure, speed, turbulent kinetic energy, and volume fraction and compares the performances of diesel and Crude Palm Oil (CPO) B30 biodiesel fuels. The findings imply that CPO B30 biodiesel has superior atomization and mixing due to its higher density and turbulent kinetic energy. CPO B30 biodiesel was compared to Diesel in terms of maximum pressure, average speed, turbulent kinetic energy per unit mass, and volume fraction. The results indicate that CPO B30 has lower pressure and higher velocity than Diesel, suggesting better fuel atomization and mixing. The higher density of CPO B30 leads to increased turbulent kinetic energy, improving fuel-air mixing inside the combustion chamber. The study demonstrates that the use of MCJ plates can enhance mixing in a mixing chamber. In addition, MCJ plates show the ability to control the spray and atomization. The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of the relationships between geometry and fuel-air mixing, as well as the characteristics of the internal mixing air-assisted atomizer, which will lead to future burner system improvements.

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9

Inamura, Takao, and Nobuki Nagai. "CONTROL OF MEAN DROPLET DIAMETER ISSUED FROM Y-JET-TYPE AIRBLAST ATOMIZER BY USING FLUID AMPLIFIER." Atomization and Sprays 5, no. 3 (1995): 243–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/atomizspr.v5.i3.10.

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10

Zhang, Feichi, Simon Wachter, Thorsten Zirwes, et al. "Effect of nozzle upscaling on coaxial, gas-assisted atomization." Physics of Fluids 35, no. 4 (2023): 043302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0141156.

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Mass flow scaling of gas-assisted coaxial atomizers from laboratory to industrial scale is of major interest for a wide field of applications. However, there is only scarce knowledge and research concerning the effect of atomizer scale-up on liquid breakup and spray characteristics. The main objective of this study is therefore to derive basic principles for liquid jet breakup using upscaled nozzles to increase the liquid mass flow rate [Formula: see text]. For that purpose, atomizers with the same geometrical setup but increased sizes have been designed and experimentally investigated for [Formula: see text], 50, 100, and 500 kg/h, while the aerodynamic Weber number Weaero and gas-to-liquid ratio GLR have been kept constant. The primary jet breakup was recorded via high-speed imaging, and the liquid core length LC and the frequency of the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability fK were extracted. Applying these results as reference data, highly resolved numerical simulations have been performed to gain a deeper understanding of the effect of mass flow scaling. In the case of keeping Weaero and GLR constant, it has been shown by both experiments and simulations that the breakup morphology, given by a pulsating liquid jet with the disintegration of fiber-type liquid fragments, remains almost unchanged with the degree of upscaling n. However, the normalized breakup length [Formula: see text] has been found to be considerably increased with increasing n. The reason has been shown to be the decreased gas flow velocity vgas at the nozzle exit with n, which leads to a decreased gas-to-liquid momentum flux ratio j and an attenuated momentum exchange between the phases. Accordingly, the calculated turbulence kinetic energy of the gas flow and the specific kinetic energy in the liquid phase decrease with n. This corresponds to a decreased fKHI with n or [Formula: see text], respectively, which has been confirmed by both experiments and simulations. The same behavior has been shown for two liquids with different viscosities and at different Weaero. The obtained results allow a first-order estimate of the liquid breakup characteristics, where the influence of nozzle upscaling can be incorporated into j and Reliq in terms of n.

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11

INAMURA, Takao, Nobuki NAGAI, and Tetsuro HIRAI. "Spray Flow Characteristics in Air Blast Atomization. 1st Report. Spray Characteristics for a Flash-Type Plain-Jet Atomizer." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 57, no. 541 (1991): 3248–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.57.3248.

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12

Li, Xin Can. "Numerical Simulation of Flow Field of Air-Jet in Quenching Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 2804–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.2804.

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The type of atomize-cool and air-cool are widely used in the world now. Air-jet is a very vital instrument in quenching by air-cooling. t is necessary to simulate the inner and outer flow-field of air-jet. By means of computational fluid dynamics soft system Fluent, numerical simulation of quenching air cooling process of air-jet was carried out. The work can support the actual production.

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13

Jozsa, Viktor, and Krisztian Sztanko. "Flame emission spectroscopy measurement of a steam blast and air blast burner." Thermal Science 21, no. 2 (2017): 1021–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci150616062j.

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Control and online monitoring of combustion have become critical to meet the increasingly strict pollutant emission standards. For such a purpose, optical sensing methods, like flame emission spectrometry, seem to be the most feasible technique. Spectrometry is capable to provide information about the local equivalence ratio inside the flame through the chemiluminescence intensity ratio measurement of various radicals. In the present study, a 15 kW atmospheric burner was analyzed utilizing standard diesel fuel. Its plain jet type atomizer was operated with both air and steam atomizing mediums. Up to now, injection of steam into the reaction zone has attracted less scientific attention contrary to its practical importance. Spatial plots of OH*, CH*, and C2* excited radicals were analyzed at 0.35, 0.7, and 1 bar atomization gauge pressures, utilizing both atomizing mediums. The C2* was found to decrease strongly with increasing steam addition. The OH*/CH* and OH*/C2* chemiluminescence intensity ratios along the axis showed a divergent behavior in all the analyzed cases. Nevertheless, CH*/C2* chemiluminescence intensity ratio decreased only slightly, showing low sensitivity to the position of the spectrometer. The findings may be directly applied in steady operating combustion systems, i. e., gas turbines, boilers, and furnaces.

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14

Han, Qiuge, Dawei Zhang, Xuedong Liu, et al. "Experimental Study on Atomization Characteristics of Swirl Nozzle under Annular Airflow Impingement." Fluids 9, no. 3 (2024): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids9030080.

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Pressure nozzles are widely used in spray drying and other industries. In order to improve the atomization characteristics of pressure cyclone nozzles, a new type of annular jet gas impingement atomization device is developed. We use high-speed imaging and digital image processing and other methods to analyze the spray characteristics of the different annular device configurations (using four, six, and eight tubes) and under different gas–liquid mass flow rates. It is shown that with an increase in the Air–Liquid mass Ratio (ALR), the liquid film breakup process changes from undulating sheet breakup to perforated sheet breakup and the breakup length decreases. The breakup length decreases the most under the condition of six-tube airflow with the range of 31–55%, while the Sauter mean diameter (SMD) basically does not change. With the increase in ALR and the Weber number of liquid (Wel), the droplet size distribution becomes more uniform. The spray characteristics of the atomizer assisted by gas jets reaches the best state when Wel = 4596.3 and m˙g = 1.97 g/s. The experimental conclusions have some guiding significance for the design and optimization of the atomization devices in spray drying towers.

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15

Seo, Yechan, Gyongwon Ryu, Hyeonseok Shim, and Jeekeun Lee. "An experimental study on the low-temperature spray characteristics of aviation Jet A-1 fuel with rotational speeds in a slinger-type atomizer." Fuel 331 (January 2023): 125899. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.125899.

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16

Arriaga Carpio, Ian Lev, Jasuo Sayán, Julio Ronceros, et al. "Study of Internal Flow with Deceleration in a Cryogenic Chamber Composed of Jet-Type Atomizers." CFD Letters 17, no. 6 (2024): 57–68. https://doi.org/10.37934/cfdl.17.6.5768.

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The present article delves into the comprehensive study of internal flow dynamics within a cryogenic chamber used for freezing food with high water percent. For cryogenic freezing is necessary to reduce temperature extremely and maintain a uniform distribution, different behaviours may cause structural damages on food. This is because the chamber comprises a circular-sectioned tunnel or chamber coupled with a set of Jet-type atomizers for the injection of liquid nitrogen. The internal flow, predominantly consisting of liquid nitrogen, necessitates prolonged residency within the chamber to uniformly and effectively cool or freeze food traversing its interior. Consequently, the primary aim is to extend the cryogenic fluid's residence time, achieved by strategically decelerating the flow. This deceleration is orchestrated through the strategic injection of the fluid to induce a swirling or vortex effect. The formation of this effect is meticulously executed by positioning the atomizers at periodic intervals around the internal walls of the cylindrical chamber, ensuring a prolonged recirculation of the internal flow. This research endeavour is further augmented by a comprehensive numerical analysis of swirling flow dynamics and associated parameters such as temperature, velocity, pressure and nitrogen-liquid interface. Leveraging the robust capabilities of CFD ANSYS software (Computational Fluid Dynamics), this analysis incorporates sophisticated models including the Volume of Fluid (VOF) model and the k-epsilon turbulence model. Additionally, the construction of a three-dimensional hexahedral mesh, facilitated by ICEM CFD software, adds depth and precision to the numerical simulations. The culmination of this study lies in the profound comprehension of internal flow behaviour and its intrinsic correlation with the design intricacies of the cryogenic system. Variations in nitrogen injection pressures and the strategic deployment of atomizers around the chamber serve as pivotal parameters for elucidating the system's optimal design

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17

TAMAKI, Nobushige, and Masanori SHIMIZU. "Enhancement of Atomization of High Viscous Liquid Jet by Pressure Atomized Type Nozzle." Proceedings of Conference of Chugoku-Shikoku Branch 2002.40 (2002): 167–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmecs.2002.40.167.

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18

Frühhaber, Jens, Christian Lieber, Dominik Mattes, Thomas Lauer, Rainer Koch, and Hans-Jörg Bauer. "Modeling the Formation of Urea-Water Sprays from an Air-Assisted Nozzle." Applied Sciences 10, no. 16 (2020): 5723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10165723.

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Ammonia preparation from urea-water solutions is a key feature to ensure an effective reduction of nitrogen oxides in selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems. Thereby, air-assisted nozzles provide fine sprays, which enhance ammonia homogenization. In the present study, a methodology was developed to model the spray formation by means of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for this type of atomizer. Experimental validation data was generated in an optically accessible hot gas test bench using a shadowgraphy setup providing droplet velocities and size distributions at designated positions inside the duct. An adaption of the turbulence model was performed in order to correct the dispersion of the turbulent gas jet. The spray modeling in the near nozzle region is based on an experimentally determined droplet spectrum in combination with the WAVE breakup model. This methodology was applied due to the fact that the emerging two-phase flow will immediately disintegrate into a fine spray downstream the nozzle exit, which is also known from cavitating diesel nozzles. The suitability of this approach was validated against the radial velocity and droplet size distributions at the first measurement position downstream the nozzle. In addition, the simulation results serve as a basis for the investigation of turbulent dispersion phenomena and evaporation inside the spray.

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19

ZHAO, Daiqing, Takeshi SAKAI, Masayoshi SADAKATA, Satoru SUDA, and Masayuki SATO. "Correlation Between Liquid Atomization and Turbulent Characteristics of Air Within a Spray Jet Spouted out from a Twin Fluid Atomizer of an Internal Mixing Type." Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy 71, no. 5 (1992): 353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3775/jie.71.353.

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20

Fdida, Nicolas, Lucien Vingert, Arnaud Ristori, and Yves Le Sant. "DROPLET SIZE AND VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS IN A CRYOGENIC JET FLAME OF A ROCKET-TYPE COMBUSTOR USING HIGH-SPEED IMAGING." Atomization and Sprays 26, no. 5 (2016): 411–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/atomizspr.2015011814.

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21

Sheleg, V. K., Ma Min, and M. A. Belotserkovsky. "Production Technology and Damping Properties of Aerated Polymer Coatings." Science & Technique 20, no. 5 (2021): 375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2021-20-5-375-382.

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The process of obtaining aerated (filled with air bubbles) polymer coatings has been developed and investigated by the method of flame spraying with an assessment of their ability to damp vibrations. A technology for the controlled formation of aerated polymer coatings has been developed while using the capabilities of the ОИМ (OIM) 050 polymer thermal atomizer design which consists in providing a concurrent air flow between the flame torch and the jet of powder material. The experiments have been carried out with such thermoplastic polymers as polyethylene terephthalate, high pressure polyethylene, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, polyamide. It has been found that the aeration coefficient grows almost in direct proportion with an increase in the amount of air in the concurrent flow for all investigated polymer coatings. It is noted that the aeration process is influenced by the rheological properties of liquid polymers, or rather, the value of the polymer melt flow rate. The limiting values of air in the concurrent flow have been determined, which make it possible not to reduce the adhesion of polymer coatings to steel substrates by less than 6 MPa and not to decrease their hardness by more than 25–30 %. Studies of the damping properties of samples with polymer coatings have been carried out on a stand, the kinematic diagram of which is based on loading the free end of a cantilever sample, abrupt removal of the load and registration of free damped oscillations by an induction-type contactless sensor connected to a computer. It is shown that the use of aeration when forming noise-absorbing coatings on steel samples can increase their logarithmic damping decrement by 18–26 %.

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22

Dang, Xin An, Li Li Wang, and Li Jun Yang. "A Study on Novel Gas Atomization Device for Preparing Ultra Fine Metal Powder." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 741–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.741.

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On the basis of technologies of gas atomization, supersonic gas atomization, surface effect of electric charge and jet, we design a new-style device of two fluids atomization with the combination of solid atomization and electric field utilizing a LAVAL nozzle, a delivery tube of sectional type and the electrical field dispersion technique. The soldering tin of 63 A was atomized with the air, and the powder prepared was analyzed by optical granularity analyzer, nanometer magnetic particles and Zeta potential analyzer. The results show that the particle size with less than 8μm can reach 75%; the average particle size is 1.7612μm, and the first peak in the distribution curve is about 500 nm, which is an order of magnitude smaller than that the existing reported peak. The compound atomization device can refine the particle size of powers effectively, improve uniformity, yielding rate, and the purity of atomized powders and has a significant effect on atomizing, thus provides powerful supports for preparing ultra fine metal powders with high efficiency and low energy consumption and has a good prospect in application.

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23

Kumar, Abhijeet, and Srikrishna Sahu. "Liquid jet breakup unsteadiness in a coaxial air-blast atomizer." International Journal of Spray and Combustion Dynamics 10, no. 3 (2018): 211–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1756827718760905.

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The aim of this paper is to experimentally characterize the liquid jet breakup unsteadiness in a coaxial air-blast atomizer. The current research focuses on the measurement of the fluctuations of the jet breakup length and the flapping instability of the liquid jet, which contribute to the downstream fluctuations of the spray characteristics. The optical connectivity technique was used to measure the instantaneous breakup length of the water jet. Also, time resolved shadowgraph images of the primary jet breakup process were captured by high-speed imaging to characterize the jet instabilities at different axial locations from the atomizer exit. Experiments were performed for a wide range of air-to-liquid momentum flux ratio ( M) and aerodynamic Weber number ( Weg) corresponding to membrane- and/or fiber breakup mode of the jet disintegration process. The mean jet breakup length was found to vary inversely with M through a power law relation in agreement with the literature, while the breakup length fluctuations were found to first decrease and then increase with M. In order to capture the unsteady dynamics of the jet breakup process, the proper orthogonal decomposition analysis of the optical connectivity images was performed. The jet flapping and the fluctuations of the jet breakup length were identified as the second and the third spatial proper orthogonal decomposition modes, respectively, for all operating conditions of the atomizer. The amplitude and the frequency of the instabilities were measured by temporal tracking of the liquid–air interface on the shadowgraph images. The disturbance close to the injector exit corresponds to the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability, while close to the jet breakup point the jet exhibits the flapping instability, which is characterized by lateral oscillation of the jet about the atomizer axis. The influence of the liquid jet Reynolds number and momentum flux ratio on the KH and the flapping instabilities are examined.

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24

T., SREELAKSHMI, and N. CHIKKANNA DR. "A NUMERICAL STUDY OF SPRAY CHARACTERISTICS OF A PRESSURE SWIRL ATOMIZER." IJIERT - International Journal of Innovations in Engineering Research and Technology 4, no. 7 (2017): 4–10. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1459042.

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<strong>This paper deals with the numerical analysis of 2d model of aPressure Swirl Atomizer,which is developed to study the spray characteristics of atomizer,the flow parameters are SMD,aircore diameter and spray cone angle . The variation in nozzle diameters are 1.5m,2m and 2.5m using fuel is jet A and methodology affect flow over the atomizer. Results of CFD simulation indicated the optimum nozzle diameter of the atomizer,methodology required to have uniform flow and Spray characteristics within the atomizer . It also proved that CFD is a convenient tool for designing and optimizing the flow over the atomizer.</strong> <strong>https://www.ijiert.org/paper-details?paper_id=141074</strong>

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25

Tseng, T. M., P. Y. Chen, H. Tseng, H. C. Lin, C. Y. Chang, and S. H. Hung. "An unexpected route for otolaryngology bacterial contamination with a Venturi atomizer." Rhinology journal 52, no. 2 (2014): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4193/rhino13.124.

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Background: The Venturi-principle atomizer is a commonly used device in otolaryngology practices. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the possible route of bacterial contamination from the nasal vestibule to the atomizer tip through the jet airflow created during the use of the Venturi atomizer. Methods: Thirty nostrils from 15 enrolled volunteers were tested. The aerosols generated by spraying sterilized saline into the nostrils were collected using a specially made aerosol-collecting nozzle cap. The collected samples were sent for bacterial culture, and nasal vestibular swab cultures were performed for comparison. Results: In the aerosol-exposed group, 18 out of 30 samples (60%) were positive for bacterial growth, confirming the bacterial contamination from the nasal vestibule to the atomizer tip through the reverse jet airflow. The bacteria species in 8 of the 18 positive samples were identical to those from the nasal swab culture results from the same nostril. Conclusion: In ordinary otolaryngology practices, there are significant risks for bacterial contamination from the nasal vestibule to the tip of the Venturi atomizer even without direct contact. Clinicians must be more aware of this pattern of contamination, which has not been reported in the existing literature.

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26

Sher, Eran, and Ronen Harari. "OPTIMIZATION OF A PLAIN-JET AIRBLAST ATOMIZER." Atomization and Sprays 7, no. 1 (1997): 97–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/atomizspr.v7.i1.50.

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27

FILONOV, ROMAN F. "Efficient washing of milking units." Agricultural Engineering, no. 1 (2024): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/2687-1149-2024-1-25-30.

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The cleaning and disinfection of milking equipment are extremely important for obtaining high-quality milk. When washing the milking system, the most problematic, costly, and time-consuming operation is to flush teat cups. To optimize the process, the authors carried out analytical studies of air-hydraulic mixture velocity in the teat cup. They have developed a washing device for milking unit, including a feeding system of collector type for distribution of a washing solution into four cone-shaped rotating nozzles with mechanically active surface of arbitrary rotation. The uniform and volumetric supply of the washing liquid to the contaminated surface of the teat cup rubber is carried out through the cone-shaped nozzles. On their surface, there are jet atomizers and bristles providing friction washing. The collector platform with nozzles allows teat cups to be connected without disassembling the milking unit. With the help of an electronic pulsator and a one-way valve mechanism it is possible to simultaneously wash milk hoses and the collector of the milking unit in a non-disassembling way. Increasing the intensity of impact on the inner walls of the teat cup rubber, filling the suckling chamber of the teat cups with washing liquid and reducing the washing time with localizing the milking unit washing circulation. In addition, it significantly accelerates the disinfection of milking machines, reduces the washing time at least twice and reduces the consumption of detergents, proportional to the reduction of washing time, while washing the milking unit.

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28

Colantonio, R. O. "The Applicability of Jet-Shear-Layer Mixing and Effervescent Atomization for Low-NOx Combustors." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 120, no. 1 (1998): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2818073.

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An investigation has been conducted to develop appropriate technologies for a low-NOx, liquid-fueled combustor. The combustor incorporates an effervescent atomizer used to inject fuel into a premixing duct. Only a fraction of the combustion air is used in the premixing process. This fuel-rich mixture is introduced into the remaining combustion air by a rapid jet-shear-layer mixing process involving radial fuel–air jets impinging on axial air jets in the primary combustion zone. Computational modeling was used as a tool to facilitate a parametric analysis appropriate to the design of an optimum low-NOx combustor. A number of combustor configurations were studied to assess the key combustor technologies and to validate the three-dimensional modeling code. The results from the experimental testing and computational analysis indicate a low-NOx potential for the jet-shear-layer combustor. Key features found to affect NOx emissions are the primary combustion zone fuel–air ratio, the number of axial and radial jets, the aspect ratio and radial location of the axial air jets, and the radial jet inlet hole diameter. Each of these key parameters exhibits a low-NOx point from which an optimized combustor was developed. Also demonstrated was the feasibility of utilizing an effervescent atomizer for combustor application. Further developments in the jet-shear-layer mixing scheme and effervescent atomizer design promise even lower NOx with high combustion efficiency.

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29

Sonawan, Hery, Dendi Nurhidayat, and Haris Saefudin. "Influence of wall atomizer to condensation rate in flashing purification." Water Practice and Technology 14, no. 4 (2019): 872–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2019.070.

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Abstract This paper presents an experimental study of wall atomizer usage in flashing purification. The water jet bursts out of the nozzle and hit the wall atomizer, splits into particles and evaporates until it finally condenses. The effectiveness of water particle evaporation influences the condensate volume. In this paper, improvements were more focused on how to generate water particles by applying a wall atomizer in a flashing chamber. The more water particles were created, the better the evaporation and condensation rate. Flashing purification experiments were conducted by following the factorial design method. From the first experiment design, an optimum condensate volume was obtained at a specified folding width of wall atomizer and feedwater pressure; meanwhile, vacuum pressure and feedwater temperature were kept constant. Three different folding widths of 5mm, 8mm and 12mm were tested in this experiment. The second experiments were continued by varying feedwater temperature at an optimum atomizer folding width to obtain more condensate volume. Wall atomizer usage in flashing purification has been proved to increase condensation rate or condensate volume. The highest condensate volume of 150.2ml was obtained from 8mm atomizer folding width with a variable combination of 2.0 bar-g feedwater pressure, a vacuum pressure of −53 cmHg and feedwater temperature of 70 °C. This result was in line with the theory that states that the presence of a wall atomizer increases water particles. There was even an atomizer folding width that provided an optimum condensate volume. The use of an atomizer folding width of less and more than 8mm produced lower condensate volume. At 5mm atomizer folding width, condensate volumes were 24.6ml and 22.0ml, whereas 12mm atomizer folding width produced 48.9ml and 50.3ml.

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30

Poghosyan, E. K., I. O. Stasyuk, V. V. Savin, L. A. Savina, and A. O. Marukhin. "Modelling of gas-dynamic processes in the design of small-sized installation for the production of micro-powders by gas spraying melt quenching in a horizontal reactor." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2701, no. 1 (2024): 012097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2701/1/012097.

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Abstract A new scheme for obtaining metal powders by gas spraying is present. The atomization takes place in a horizontal reactor where the interacting flows of the melt and the atomizing gas are perpendicular. The theoretical calculations performed within the selected approximation, quantitative values of process parameters, describing the interaction of flows were obtained as a result. The penetration depth of the gas stream into the melt jet at different pressures and gas flow rates was appreciated. The liquid melt jet, in initial approximation, as a flow of non-reactive particles of a spherical shape with a diameter in the range 40-250 μm in order to evaluate the selected parameters of the design of the spray chamber (atomizer) was considered. A relationship between the distribution of gas flow velocities and the distribution of the velocities of condensed particles in the atomizer chamber was modelled. We have found the areas of the atomizer in which the “reverse” flow of light particles (with a diameter of less than 80 μm). The vortex motion of the gas in the chamber induces this effect. We have found and modeled the correlation between the distribution of gas flow velocities and the distribution of the velocities of condensed particles in the atomizer chamber. The simulation results show that the investigated range of gas-dynamic characteristics in the sprayer of the chosen design ensures the production of powder materials of a given dispersion.

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31

Presser, C., A. K. Gupta, and H. G. Semerjian. "Aerodynamic characteristics of swirling spray flames: Pressure-jet atomizer." Combustion and Flame 92, no. 1-2 (1993): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(93)90196-a.

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32

WANG, MUH-RONG, KUN-HE YANG, CHUN-HSIEN CHIU, and CHE-JUEY YANG. "MECHANISMS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SPRAY FORMATION WITH FLOW FOCUSING IN A NEW AIR-ASSIST MICRO-ATOMIZER." Modern Physics Letters B 23, no. 03 (2009): 365–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984909018412.

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The atomization mechanisms and characteristics of a new air-assist micro-atomizer (AMA) fabricated via MEMS machining are described. Observations show that the breakup regimes can be described by the mechanisms involved with the laminar jet disintegration, aerodynamic disintegration and turbulent mode based on the atomizing pressure and Weber number. A new phenomenon of flow branching of the liquid jet emanating from the atomizer was also observed. The ratio of liquid-to-gas flow rate determines the spreading angle and droplets size of the branched liquid streams. It is also found that the flow focusing mechanism resulted in the mono-dispersed droplets stream. Furthermore, the micro spray with mean droplet size of 5µm can be obtained by adjusting the atomization pressure. It is very useful in the applications of sample introduction in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and medical inhalation devices.

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33

Mlkvik, Marek, Jan Jedelsky, Heike P. Karbstein, and Volker Gaukel. "Spraying of Viscous Liquids: Influence of Fluid-Mixing Mechanism on the Performance of Internal-Mixing Twin-Fluid Atomizers." Applied Sciences 10, no. 15 (2020): 5249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10155249.

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The thermal usage of liquid fuels implies their combustion, which is a process strongly influenced by the performance of the atomizer, which disrupts the fuel into drops of the required sizes. The spray quality of the twin-fluid atomizers with internal mixing (IM-TFA) is primarily influenced by the two-phase flow pattern inside the mixing chamber. We studied the performance of the four types of the IM-TFA nozzles by the optical diffraction system (Malvern Spraytec) to answer the question of how the mixing chamber design influences the spray quality at low atomizing gas consumption. We tested the effervescent atomizer in outside-in-liquid (OIL) and outside-in-gas (OIG) configurations, the Y-jet nozzle and new nozzle design, and the CFT atomizer when spraying model liquids with the viscosities comparable to the common fuels (μ=60and143 mPa· s). We found that the effervescent atomizer performance was strongly influenced by the configuration of the inlet ports. Although the OIL configuration provided the best spray quality (D32 = 72 μm), with the highest efficiency (0.16%), the OIG nozzle was characterized by unstable work and poor spray quality. Both the devices were sensitive to liquid viscosity. The Y-jet nozzle provided a stable performance over the liquid viscosity spectrum, but the spray quality and efficiency were lower than for the OIL nozzle. Our findings can be used to improve the performance of the common IM-TFA types or to design new atomizers. The results also provide an overview of the tested atomizers’ performances over the wide range of working conditions and, thus, help to define the application potential of the tested nozzle designs.

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34

Patil, Shirin, and Srikrishna Sahu. "Liquid jet core characterization in a model crossflow airblast atomizer." International Journal of Multiphase Flow 141 (August 2021): 103688. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2021.103688.

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35

INAMURA, Takao. "Disintegration Model of Liquid Jet Injected from Coaxial Airblast Atomizer." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 66, no. 650 (2000): 2726–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.66.650_2726.

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36

Nazeer, Y. H., M. Ehmann, M. Sami, and M. Gavaises. "Atomization Mechanism of Internally Mixing Twin-Fluid Y-Jet Atomizer." Journal of Energy Engineering 147, no. 1 (2021): 04020075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ey.1943-7897.0000723.

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37

TSAI, S., and T. VU. "Atomization of coal-water slurry using twin-fluid jet atomizer." Fuel 66, no. 11 (1987): 1596–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(87)90026-3.

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38

Qian, Jia Xing, Yu Ying Liu, Yi Xie, and Zhi Wei Peng. "Spray Distribution of Plain Orifice Atomizer in Preheated Air Flow." Advanced Materials Research 1070-1072 (December 2014): 1911–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1070-1072.1911.

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An experiment by taking photos of the spray field behind plain orifice atomizer was conducted to study its atomization in preheated air flow. The air flow condition was 0.14~0.2 Mach number and 300~400°C. Fuel-to-air momentum flux ratioQvaried from 0.4 to 9, and Weber numberWecovered the range of 60~140. Photos were analyzed by Matlab image processing toolbox. The results indicate that under the experiment conditions: (1) Under the same temperature, jet breakup length increases withQincreasing, and decreases with the increase ofWe. (2) As the air flow temperature increases from 300°C to 400°C, jet and air flow interaction affect the liquid column breakup more greatly than surface tension. (3) Under the same temperature, spray angle increases with the increase ofQ. (4) As the air flow temperature increases from 300°C to 400°C, evaporation affects the atomization more greatly than pneumatic nebulization.

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39

Yeh, Chun-Lang. "Numerical Simulation of a Turbulent Liquid Jet Emanating from a Plain-Orifice Atomizer and a Pressure-Swirl Atomizer." Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications 51, no. 12 (2007): 1187–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10407780601009082.

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40

Liang, Kun Feng, Chun Yan Gao, Chun Lei Ruan, and Lin Wang. "Experimental Study on the Characteristics of Jet and Drop Formation Related to a Fluidization Method for Ice Slurry Production." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 1645–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.1645.

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The new fluidization method of liquid-liquid circulating fluidized bed proposed for ice slurry production was investigated experimentally. Multiple small water-drops were formed in another immiscible liquid coolant by a single-nozzle atomizer and frozen in the fluidized bed by direct contact heat transfer. Experiments were conducted to research the dynamic behaviors of jet and drops formation in the ice making system by the high resolution digital camera and image processing. The photos of jet development, breakup and drop formation were obtained. The affects of the shape of jet breakup, jet length and its surface fluctuation on drops size were revealed. The range of drop sizes and the sloping extent have always increased with the jet rate increasing. And varying jet shape directly results in the jet breakup into droplets under different time and test conditions, so the variation laws of the jet shape contribute most to the quality of the liquid drop, such as drop size distribution.

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41

Zhu, Zhubiao, and Edward H. Piepmeier. "Cathodic Sputtering under High-Gas-Flow Jets." Applied Spectroscopy 49, no. 7 (1995): 880–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702953964903.

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Studies of cathodic sputtering with gas flow rates up to 2.13 L/min/jet were carried out in an Atomsource sputtering atomizer with Ar as the jet gas and Cu as the cathode sample. These flow rates are 20-fold greater than those normally used and were found to increase net sputtering yield significantly. A fourfold increase in net sputtering yield was observed when the number of jets in use was decreased from six to one, with the gas flow rate and other conditions held constant. Possible explanations for these effects are offered.

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42

Graham, K. M., and S. Ramadhyani. "Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Mist Jet Impingement Cooling." Journal of Heat Transfer 118, no. 2 (1996): 343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2825850.

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Experimental data and analytical predictions for air/liquid mist jet cooling of small heat sources are presented. The mist jet was created using a coaxial jet atomizer, with a liquid jet of diameter 190 μm located on the axis of an annular air jet of diameter 2 mm. The impingement surface was a square of side 6.35 mm. Experimental data were obtained with mists of both methanol and water. Surface-averaged heat fluxes as high as 60 W/cm2 could be dissipated with the methanol/air mist while maintaining the target surface below 70°C. With the water/air mist, a heat flux of 60 W/cm2 could be dissipated with the target surface at 80°C. Major trends in the data and model predictions have been explained in terms of the underlying hydrodynamic and heat transfer phenomena.

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43

Harari, Ronen, and Eran Sher. "BIMODAL DROP SIZE DISTRIBUTION BEHAVIOR IN PLAIN-JET AIRBLAST ATOMIZER SPRAYS." Atomization and Sprays 8, no. 3 (1998): 349–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/atomizspr.v8.i3.60.

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44

Jeong, Ji-hun, Hyoungsu Choi, Kwangseok Park, et al. "Polymer micro-atomizer for water electrospray in the cone jet mode." Polymer 194 (April 2020): 122405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122405.

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45

Xia, Y., L. Khezzar, M. Alshehhi, and Y. Hardalupas. "Droplet size and velocity characteristics of water-air impinging jet atomizer." International Journal of Multiphase Flow 94 (September 2017): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2017.04.014.

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46

Yeh, Chun-Lang. "Turbulent flow simulation of liquid jet emanating from pressure-swirl atomizer." Heat and Mass Transfer 44, no. 3 (2007): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00231-007-0237-8.

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47

Franckevich, V., P. Grebenchuk, and P. Minchenko. "INVESTIGATION OF CENTRIFUGAL INJECTORS SLIP ATOMIZER." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 7, no. 9 (2022): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2022-7-9-108-115.

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The article defines the scope of liquid sprayers in modern technologies. The mechanism of formation of drops from a liquid jet and the parameters of the medium that affect the size of these drops are described. The basic requirements for nozzles and other sprayers used in spray dryers are characterized. It has been established that the most important characteristics of their work are the uniformity of the spray and the dispersion of the drops. A technique for calculating the efficiency of spraying based on experimental data using the irrigation non-uniformity coefficient is proposed. Methods for estimating the dispersion and distribution of droplets produced in a nozzle are described. A modernized design of the nozzle with a swirler and a distributor for use in slip atomizers to produce press powder is proposed. Comparative studies of this nozzle are carried out in order to assess the uniformity of its spray and the dispersion of drops according to the above methods. Photographs of the results of spraying by two proposed methods are presented. Analysis of the research results shows that the modernized nozzle has a significant advantage in comparison with traditional designs in terms of its main performance characteristics. This provides the prospects for its use in spray dryers, in particular, in the production of high quality ceramic press powder.

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48

Afanasiy, Lee, Burkhan Utepov, and Satniyaz Allaniyazov. "Formation of an air jet by a fan installation with pneumatic disk sprayer." E3S Web of Conferences 264 (2021): 04003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126404003.

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The article presents the theoretical background, in particular, the developed mathematical models describing the technological processes of air-jet formation and the influence of the wind wheel on changes in the axial velocities of the air jet, as well as the range of the air jet by a fan installation with a pneumatic disk sprayer. Theoretical studies show that the smooth variation of the axial velocity air flow fan installations and prevent the transfer of the isothermal jet of the circular cross-section of the air flow into the annular, possibly with applications on disk atomizer additional fairing and, to reduce the impact of Pavlovskogo spray on the variation of the axial velocity of the air flow and range of the fan system must be applied wind wheel with the highest energy efficiency of the air flow.

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49

Ju, Jungmyoung, Yutaka Yamagata, Hitoshi Ohmori, and Toshiro Higuchi. "Standing wave type surface acoustic wave atomizer." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 147, no. 2 (2008): 570–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2008.03.018.

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50

Barmashenko, B. D., V. A. Kochelap, and L. Yu Mel'nikov. "Singlet oxygen generator of the atomizer type." Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics 15, no. 10 (1985): 1346–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qe1985v015n10abeh007762.

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