Academic literature on the topic 'Yakut philology'

This article is dedicated to the creation of a folklore subcorpus of the national corpus of Yakut language. The need for creating a folklore subcorpus is substantiated by fact that it illustrates the initial, historical path of development of a particular language, cultural and linguistic richness, and folk traditions. Language corpora are considered incomplete if not contain folklore texts. The development of such subcorpus has a number of theoretical and technological difficulties, which defines the relevance of this work. The object of this research is the folklore subcorpus of the national corpus of Yakut language. The subject is articulation of the problem, structure, and technique of creating this subcorpus. Attention is focused on the problematic of creation of a folklore subcorpus. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that this article is first to develop the concept of creation of the Yakut folklore corpus and determine the cognate problems, structure and technique of its formation. It is revealed that the structure of folklore subcorpus must reflect the genre differences, forms of record, authenticity, various databases that characterize a folklore text, its performer or register.  The author determines the work stages and preparation technique of the folklore subcorpus. The conclusion is made that the folklore subcorpus can serve as a method for solution of fundamental and applied tasks of Yakut philology, as well as one of the ways to preserve folklore heritage of the Sakha people.

The study objective is describing the interpretation features of Kulakovsky's ideas and images in the history of Yakut Soviet literature; outlining the national uniqueness of the literary word by this classical poet. The methodological basis of the research is theoretical issues of source studies as a philology area, as well as major aspects of textual criticism. In this paper, we selected comparative and hermeneutical methods of text analysis based on the literary language analysis. The research results show that in Kulakovsky's texts the poetics of oral folk art is equated with an unshakable basis of his individual style, but in works of the classics there are distinct guidelines of the desire to detach from tradition to establish a literary form. The practical and theoretical significance of the research is to present new perspectives of studying the national classics problems.

Статья посвящена оценке вклада якутского фольклориста, доктора филологических наукН. В. Емельянова в исследование сюжетики и мотивики героического эпоса олонхо. Актуальность иссле-дования заключается в том, что систематизация сюжетов и мотивов якутского героического эпоса, начатаяН. В. Емельяновым, представляет собой фундаментальную научную работу, требующую должной оцен-ки и продолжения, углубления исследований по этой теме. Теория мотива в фольклористике до сих порнеоднозначна, и определение позиции якутских исследователей по этой проблеме также представляетсяактуальным. Цель статьи – оценка вклада Н. В. Емельянова в выявление и систематизацию мотивов якут-ского героического эпоса олонхо. Использованы методы структурного, сравнительно-типологическогоанализа. Выявлено, что в фольклористике большое влияние оказали теоретические подходы А. Н. Весе-ловского, В. Я. Проппа, Б. Н. Путилова, Е. М. Мелетинского, С. Ю. Неклюдова по мотиву, которые по-влияли и на научные труды Н. В. Емельянова. В результате многолетней, кропотливой работы на основеархивных материалов исследователем была проведена систематизация олонхо по сюжетно-тематиче-ским группам: о заселении Среднего мира племенами ураангхай саха, о родоначальниках ураангхай саха,о защитниках племени айыы аймага. По Н. В. Емельянову, эти группы представляют собой эволюцион-ное развитие сюжетов олонхо. Обнаружены типологические сходства мотивов олонхо и историческихпреданий о заселении первопредков якутов долины реки Лена. Отмечена устойчивость композиционнойструктуры сюжета якутского героического эпоса, для которой характерны определенные сюжетные моти-вы. Установлено, что Н. В. Емельянов рассматривал мотив как составляющую часть, компонент сюжетаи выделил 139 мотивов, которые он распределил на несколько групп и видов: основные, подчиненные,специфичные, эпизодические мотивы – по значению в сюжете; эпические и сказочные мотивы – по ге-незису; архаические, христианские и социальные – по напластованию. Труды Н. В. Емельянова оказалибольшое влияние на последующие исследования по сюжетике и мотивике якутского героического эпоса.В перспективе следует изучить рецепцию идей Н. В. Емельянова в трудах современных эпосоведов. The article is devoted to the assessment of the contribution of N. V. Emelyanov, a Yakut folklorist,Doctor of Philology, in the study of the plot and motifs of the heroic epic olonkho. The relevance of the studylies in the fact that the systematization of plots and motifs of the Yakut heroic epic, begun by N. V. Emelyanov,is a fundamental scholarly work that requires proper assessment and continuation, deepening of research on thistopic. The theory of motif in folklore is still ambiguous, and the determination of the position of Yakut researcherson this issue is also relevant. The purpose of the article was to evaluate the contribution of N. V. Emelyanov tothe identification and systematization of the motifs of the Yakut heroic epic olonkho. The methods of structural,comparative typological analysis were used. It was revealed that the theoretical approaches of A. N. Veselovsky,V. Ya. Propp, B. N. Putilov, E. M. Meletinsky, S. Yu. Neklyudov had a great influence in folklore based on themotif. Their ideas also influenced the research works of N. V. Emelyanov. As a result of many years of painstakingwork on the basis of archival materials, the olonkho was systematized according to plot and thematic groups:about the settlement of the Middle World by the Uraanghai Sakha tribes; about the ancestors of the UraanghaiSakha; about the defenders of the Aiyy Aimaga tribe. According to N. V. Emelyanov, these groups represent theevolutionary development of olonkho plots. Typological similarities between the motifs of olonkho and historicallegends about the settlement of the first ancestors of the Yakuts in the Lena River valley were found. The stabilityof the compositional structure of the plot of the Yakut heroic epic, which is characterized by certain plot motifs,was noted. It was established that N. V. Emelyanov considered the motif as a constituent part, a component ofthe plot and identified 139 motifs, which he divided into several groups and types: main, subordinate, specific,episodic motifs – according to their meaning in the plot; epic and fabulous motifs – by genesis; archaic, Christianand social – by strata. The works of N. V. Emelyanov had a great influence on subsequent research on the plot andmotifs of the Yakut heroic epic. In the future, research should be carried out on the reception of N. V. Emelyanov’sideas in the works of modern epic scholars.

This paper compares the data of our acoustic study on the South Kyungsang Korean consonant system with information about consonants of other Korean language dialects (North Korean, Seoul Korean, and Jeju Korean) and languages of hypothetic Altaic language family (Turkic languages of Siberia: Altaic, Teleut, Telengit, Kumandin, Tubin, Chelkan, Shor, Baraba-Tatar, Yakut, Dolgan) found in the scientific literature. The purpose of this study was to reveal the specifics of the South Kyungsang Korean consonant system within the system of Korean dialects and in comparison with the languages of the Altaic language family using comparative and typological analysis. The material of our study includes 1050 Korean words recorded on a voice recorder from 10 speakers of South Kyungsang Korean. Following the methodology used at the Laboratory of experimental phonetic studies of the Institute of Philology, SB RAS, each word was pronounced by each of the informants four times. We analyzed only the second and the third repetitions in the computer program Speech Analyzer, taking into account the data of oscillograms, spectrograms, f0, and intensity. We have noticed the similarity of the South Kyungsang consonant system with the consonant system of North Korean dialects, suggesting that the South Kyungsang and North Korean dialects have preserved some elements of the ancient Korean language. In addition, we have found the similarity with some consonant systems of Turkic languages due to the opposition of noisy consonants on a quantitative basis and to the blurred boundaries between sonority and noisiness.

The genre of lullabies of Tuvans has been poorly studied. A precious little number of musical transcriptions of melodies of Tuvan lullabies have been published. This paper presents the results of an ethnomusicological study of a lullaby songs and rocking lullabies of the Tuvans using the recordings made during the expeditions to Tuva by ethnomusicologists and philologists of the Novosibirsk Conservatory and the Institute of Philology of the SB RAS. Some expeditions took place in cooperation with Tuvan colleagues. The analysis of the folk terminology used by the bearers of tradition in relation to this field of folk art has revealed four types of lullabies: lullaby songs, rocking lullabies, throat singing lullabies, and lullabies performed with tongue trembling. The first two types refer to genre characteristics, while the last two specify the timbre specifics of intonation. The study led the author to draw a conclusion about the heterogeneity of the lullaby genre, indicating the multitemporal nature of the appearance of lullaby songs and rocking lullabies of the Tuvans. Of importance is the observation that lullaby style accumulates many genres of ethnic intonation culture. It is through lullabies that a child is introduced to the intonational world of his ethnic culture. This work also provides comparative observations on terminology, cradle words, and the function of lullabies among the Turkic and Mongolian peoples of Siberia: Altaians, Shors, Khakas, Yakuts, Siberian Tatars, as well as Buryats and Mongols.