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1
Salda, Violeta B. "Ethnobotany and food uses of Philippine highland yams (Dioscorea)." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2132637X.
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Jayaratne, Dehiwala Liyanagle. "Detection and differentiation of potyviruses affecting yams." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266999.
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Baimey, Hugues Kossi. "Scutellonema bradys as a pathogen of yam in Benin." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10252006-164955.
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Tang, Yina. "Comparative study on the morphology, chemistry, metabolism and anti-myocardial ischemia activity of three medicinal species of dioscorea." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2015. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/166.
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As folk medicines used in China for decades, Dioscorea nipponica Makino (DN, 穿龍薯蕷), D. panthaica Prain et Burkill (DP, 黃山藥), and D. zingiberensis C. H. Wright (DZ, 盾葉薯蕷) are regarded as having more or less similar traditional therapeutic actions, such as regulating qi, relieving pain, and dispersing swelling. It is noteworthy that, of the 49 species of the genus Dioscorea (薯蕷屬) distributed in China, only these three have been successfully developed as effective single-herb medicines for treating cardiovascular diseases by the modern pharmaceutical industry. Usually considered as the bioactive and major constituents, various steroidal saponins have been discovered from these herbs. In order to provide scientific data for the rational use of DN, DP and DZ, this present study focused on comparing these three herbs through the following four-pronged approach: morphology, chemistry, metabolism and anti-myocardial ischemia activity. The morphological study aimed to distinguish the rhizomes of DN, DP and DZ by macroscopic and microscopic observation. Comprehensive microscopic techniques, including common light microscopy, fluorescence microscopy and polarized light microscopy were successfully applied to fulfill this purpose. What’s more, it is the first research to observe characteristics of transections of crude drugs under polarized lighting for the purpose of authentication. Polarized light has been found to provide a number of unique characteristics. The results indicate that starch granules, vascular bundles and other significant tissue features can be used to authenticate these three herbs. The chemical study aimed to develop a reliable and effective protocol for comparing the chemical composition of DN, DP and DZ. The qualitative results by UPLC-QTOF-MS indicated that generally, DN and DP have similar chemical composition, but both are distinct from DZ. However, the aglycone, diosgenin, was the main component of all acid hydrolyzed DN, DP and DZ. As diosgenin has been reported for the anti-myocardial ischemia activity, we hypothesized that diosgenin could be one of the bioactive sapogenin related to the anti-myocardial ischemia (MI) activity of these three herbs. Then, to further validate the similarity of DN and DP, the major constituents, including six glycosides and one aglycone, contained in DN and DP were further quantified. The chemical composition of all DN and DP samples studied exhibited a high level of global similarity based on comparisons of chromatographic fingerprint profiles and the contents of determined components using fingerprint similarity evaluation, test of significance and principal component analysis. This chemical similarity validates the common application of DN and DP in the pharmaceutical industry as anti-MI herbal drugs. The metabolism study aimed to a) compare the metabolic profiles of total saponins (TS) from DN, DP and DZ (abbreviated as DNTS, DPTS and DZTS, respectively), which are considered to be their bioactive components, and b) to compare the changes in sustained levels of metabolites from rat biosamples. TS from each of the three species, and four individual saponins, namely protodioscin, pseudoprotodioscin, dioscin and diosgenin, were given to rats by oral administration. Chemical profiles of the rats’ plasma, urine and feces were monitored 1-36 h. A UPLC-QTOF-MS based method was performed to identify the absorbed constituents and their metabolic products in rat biosamples (i.e., blood, urine, and feces); the ratio of peak area of metabolites to that of internal standard was calculated and plotted versus time to characterize the sustained levels of metabolites in biosamples. The results indicated that formation of diosgenin by desugarization was the main pathway by which steroidal glycosides were metabolized. Generally, the metabolic profiles of DN and DP were shown to be quite similar, but different from that of DZ. However, some particular similarities were found among these three total saponins. Diosgenin, as one of the main metabolites commonly found in plasma and feces (excluding urine), from all groups receiving different total saponins, as well as individual saponins; this is likely to be one of the bioactive constituents playing an essential role in cardioprotective efficacy. In addition, these furostane-type saponins and spirostane-type saponin (including diosgenin) in these three total saponins showed two changing patterns, suggesting that the therapeutic effect of these Dioscorea saponins is achieved through a complex, multi-step process over time. Thus, these similarities described above constitute evidence supporting similarity in efficacy of these three herbs from the perspective of metabolism. The anti-myocardial ischemia activity study aimed to further investigate the underlying mechanisms with respect to anti-oxidative stress activity by which these Dioscorea spp. prevent MI, and to compare the therapeutic effect of total saponins from these three species on myocardial antioxidant levels and myocardium histology. The rats experienced myocardial ischemia induced by isoprenaline (ISO) injection; the test solutions (DNTS, DPTS, DZTS) were administered either after the ISO injection, or both before and after. Compared with the model group (ISO injection only), TS groups exhibited significantly reduced activities of serum CK, LDH and AST (P < 0.01), lowered level of MDA (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), and increased activities of SOD, CAT, GPx and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Heart tissues from TS groups (administered either after the ISO injection, or both before and after) revealed less severe histological damage than the model group. The findings of the present study provide evidence that DNTS, DPTS and DZTS can protect the myocardium against ischemic insult. Furthermore, the protective effect can be attributed to the increase of myocardial antioxidant levels and decrease of lipid peroxidation formation. Although the chemical compositions of DNTS and DPTS were similar, and distinct from DZTS, in general, the cardioprotective efficacy of these three Dioscorea TS for rat MI were closely comparable based on LDH, CK, AST, SOD, GPx, CAT, T-AOC and MDA levels, as well as on myocardial histology, thereby explaining the similarity in their clinical efficacy as anti-MI drugs. In conclusion, these findings in the present study constitute evidence that DN, DP and DZ all can be used as starting material for anti-MI drugs in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Wong, Kam-lok, and 黃金樂. "Chemical and biological characterization of a steroidogenic protein from Dioscorea opposita Thunb." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/211560.
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Menopause is the period during which the level of estrogen secreted by the ovaries gradually declines and patients of menopausal syndrome may experience osteoporosis, cognitive decline, hot flush, mood disorder, night sweat, depression, nervous tension and insomnia. The report published by the World Health Organization in 1990 stated that the total population of postmenopausal women in the world was 476 million. By 2030, the predicted population will reach 1200 million. The current way to relieve menopausal syndrome is hormone replacement therapy (HRT) which restores the endogenous estrogen level by administration of supplementary exogenous estrogen or estrogen plus progestin. However, various studies showed that HRT might increase the incidence of breast cancer and ovarian cancer. There is a potential risk of using HRT for menopausal syndrome.
The novel protein DO isolated in this study could be a potential alternative of HRT for the treatment of menopausal syndrome. DO isolated from Chinese yam Dioscorea opposite Thunb. had adistinctive N-terminal sequence Gly-Ile-Gly-Lys-Ile-Thr-Thr-
Tyr-Trp-Gly-Gln-Tyr-Ser-Asp-Glu-Pro-Ser-Leu-Thr-Glu-Ala, indicating that DO might be a novel protein.DO was an acid stable and thermal stable protein. As determined by electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) detection, DO could stimulate estradiol biosynthesis in rat granulosa cells in vitro as well as inducing both estradiol and progesterone secretion in female aging Sprague Darley (SD)-rat model in vivo. From the results of real-time PCR and Western blot, the possible mechanism might be through up-regulating the expression of ovarian follicle stimulating hormone receptor(FSHR)and aromatase. DO also exerted a beneficial effect on the cognitive function through elevating the translational level of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)and TrkB gp 145 receptor in the prefrontal cortex of female aging SD-rat model.
Though further pharmacological studies are required, the results in this study suggested that DO could be a safer potential alternative for HRT in the treatment of menopausal syndrome with beneficial effects on hormone levels and cognitive function.published_or_final_version
Chinese Medicine
Master
Master of Philosophy
6
Caddick, Lizabeth Rebecca. "Systematics of dioscoreales." Thesis, University of Reading, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312537.
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Turaki, Aliyu Abdullahi. "Characterisation of badnavirus sequences in West African yams (Dioscorea spp.)." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2014. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/13829/.
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Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is an important staple food crop in Sub-Saharan Africa and is vegetatively-propagated. This had led to the accumulation of viruses decreasing yam production and hindering international movement of selected germplasm. This study was to determine the prevalence and diversity of yam badnaviruses, as well as determine if badnavirus sequences are also integrated in the genomes of West African yam breeding lines. DNAs were extracted from Nigerian yam leaf samples (177 breeding lines, 78 landraces), using an optimised CTAB-extraction method and then screened using degenerate badnavirus-specific PCR primers targeting a 579 bp RT-RNaseH region. All 255 yam samples (100%) tested badnavirus PCR-positive. Denaturation gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of these PCR products revealed 24 discrete bands in total. Sequence analysis of the bands confirmed they were typical of the genus Badnavirus and a nucleotide diversity of 1-37% in this partial RT-RNaseH region representative nine of badnavirus species group. To determine which sequences were from episomal infections, rolling circle amplification (RCA) was performed on samples, and three complete genome sequences of yam badnaviruses were amplified, cloned and sequenced. Two of these full viral genome sequences (7258 and 7538 bp) of D. rotundata origin represent new species in the genus Badnavirus and the third (7529 bp) from D. alata represented an isolate of Dioscorea bacilliform AL virus. The three new genomes shared nucleotide identities of 68.3-70.5% and demonstrated a typical size and organisation of yam badnaviruses. PCR-based assays were developed for the detection of the five yam badnavirus genomes, and for the detection of three putative badnavirus species groups (K08, K09 and U12) that contain integrated sequences. Southern hybridisation results using individual DGGE band partial RT-RNaseH sequences (NGb4_Dr, NGb5_Dr and NGb6_Dr), supported integration of badnavirus sequences in genomes of D. rotundata breeding lines. Fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) results using badnavirus complete and partial cloned genome sequences as probes were inconclusive for the yam samples tested. The consequences of the integrated and episomal badnavirus sequences for yam improvement programmes in West Africa are discussed.
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Sukal, Amit Chand. "Molecular characterisation and diagnosis of badnaviruses infecting yams in the South Pacific." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/122927/1/Amit%20Chand_Sukal_Thesis.pdf.
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Yams are an important food source grown throughout the Pacific but the international movement of the crop is restricted due to a lack of understanding of the viruses infecting these plants. This study focused on identifying and characterising badnaviruses infecting yams and the subsequent development of sensitive and reliable diagnostic tests. These tests can be used in virus-screening programs to enable the safe international movement of virus-free yam germplasm thus contributing to food and nutritional security of Pacific Island Countries.
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Kwoseh, Charles Kodia. "Identification of resistance to major nematode pests of yams (Dioscorea spp.) in West Africa." Thesis, University of Reading, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340023.
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Ferreira, Almecina Balbino [UNESP]. "Sistemas de cultivo do cará dioscorea spp. por pequenos agricultores da baixada Cuiabana – MT." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93493.
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As dioscoreáceas constituem uma importante fonte alimentar e estão distribuídas nas regiões tropicais, subtropicais e temperadas de todo mundo. O gênero Dioscorea, ao qual pertence a maioria das espécies cultivadas e silvestres da família, engloba espécies tropicais originárias da África, Ásia e América. O objetivo do trabalho foi realizar um levantamento das variedades de cará (Dioscorea spp.) cultivadas pelos agricultores com o intuito de verificar as espécies mantidas por eles e suas diversidades, nomes populares das variedades e sobre o sistema produtivo da cultura como: preparo das túberas sementes, manejo da cultura, preparo do solo, plantio, tratos culturais e comercialização. Para o início da pesquisa de campo, foi usada a técnica de amostragem do tipo “bola de neve”, que consistiu em conversar com alguns agricultores e vendedores dos mercados de hortaliças da região para a localização dos principais agricultores que cultivam o cará e suas indicações subsequentes. Durante a pesquisa de campo, foram encontrados 48 agricultores que cultivam diversas culturas e também plantam o cará, com seu respectivos nomes populares para o gênero. Foram encontradas três espécies: Dioscorea alata, D. trifida e D. bulbifera. O preparo do solo é feito de forma rudimentar e o cultivo do cará é feito no sistema de “roça de toco”. 14% dos agricultores utilizaram algum tipo de implemento agrícola para o preparo do solo. O preparo das “sementes” varia de acordo com cada espécie, sendo que 55% são plantadas partidas e 45% inteiras. A organização e destino da produção acontecem nas comunidades, onde grande parte é destinada à alimentação familiar, e o excedente é para a venda direta para consumidores ou via intermediários
The dioscoreaceas constitute an important source of food and are distributed in tropical, subtropical and temperate all over the world. The genus Dioscorea, whose the most cultivated and wild species of the family belong to, encompassing tropical species originally from Africa, Asia and America. The objective was to survey the varieties of yams grown by farmers in order to verify the species kept by them and their diversity, popular names of the varieties and the crop production system as: preparation of tubers-seeds, crop management, soil preparation, planting, cultivation and marketing. In the field research the sampling snowball, was used, which consisted of talking to some farmers and vegetable sellers in the region for the location of the main farmers who grow yams. During the fieldwork, there were 48 farmers growing different crops and also plant the yams, their respective common names for the genus. Three species were found: Dioscorea alata, D. trifida and D. bulbifera. Soil preparation is done rudimentary and the cultivation of yams is done on a “slash and burn” system. 14% of farmers used some type of agricultural implement for soil tillage. The “seed” preparation varies with each species, 55% are planted using divided portions of the tubers and 45% using entire tubers. The organization of production and destination are done in communities where a large part is devoted to the family diet, and the surplus is for sale delivered directly to consumers or by middle-men
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Li, Meiling 1988. "Response of taro [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott] growth, yield, and corm quality to varying water regimes and soil textures /." Botucatu, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/180858.
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Orientador: Lin Chau MingCoorientador: Angélica Cristina Fernandes Deus
Banca: Dirceu Maximino Fernandes
Banca: João Carlos Cury Saad
Banca: Gabriela Granghelli Gonçalves
Banca: Laís Lorena Queiroz Moreira
Resumo: A irrigação é uma prática agrícola importante para o cultivo do inhame, entretanto, há poucos resultados experimentais focados no Brasil, e não há informações sobre a necessidade de água para essa cultura sob diferentes texturas de solo no estado de São Paulo. Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar o desenvolvimento, biomassa e qualidade dos tubérculos do inhame sob diferentes lâminas de irrigação e texturas de solo. O experimento foi conduzido de 2016 a 2017 com duas colheitas em casa de vegetação na Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCA/UNESP), Botucatu. Estudou-se cinco lâminas de irrigação: 20%, 60%, 100% (controle), 140% e 180% da necessidade de água da cultura (ETc), e três texturas de solo: solo de textura argilosa (CS), solo de textura média (SCL) e solo de textura arenosa (SS). Os resultados mostraram que a altura da planta, diâmetro do pecíolo, número de folhas, área foliar, peso fresco/seco da parte aérea, da raiz e do tubérculo, número e diamêtro de tubérculo do inhame foram menores em 20% e 60% ETc e maiores em 140% and 180% ETc quando comparado com 100% ETc. SS apresentou maior número de folhas em todas as lâminas de irrigação, enquanto a área foliar para SS foi maior que SCL e CS em 20% ETc. Para a primeira colheita, SCL apresentou maior peso fresco/seco da raiz, e SS apresentou maior peso seco do tubérculo do que os outros dois solos. A maior eficiência no uso da água (WUE) e índice de colheita (HI) foram detectados em 20% ETc. Para a segunda safra, SS apr... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Irrigation is an important agricultural practice for the cultivation of taro, however, there are few experimental results focus on this practice in Brazil, and there is no information on water requirement for this crop under different soil textures in São Paulo State. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the development, biomass and corm quality of taro under varying water regimes and soil textures. The experiment was conducted from 2016 to 2017 with two harvests, in a greenhouse of Agronomical Sciences College, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. The five irrigation levels were 20%, 60%, 100%, 140%, and 180% of crop water requirement (ETc), with 100% ETc as the control. And three soil textures: clay soil (CS), sandy clay loam soil (SCL) and sandy soil (SS) were used. Results showed that plant height, petiole diameter, leaf number and area, above-ground, root, and corm fresh/dry weight, corm number and diameter of taro were lower at 20% and 60% ETc, and higher at 140% ETc and 180% ETc when compared with 100% ETc. SS exhibited higher leaf number at all water regimes, whereas leaf area for SS was higher than SCL and CS at 20% ETc. For the first harvest, SCL showed higher root fresh/dry weight, and SS exhibited higher corm dry weight than the other two soils. The highest water-use efficiency (WUE) and index (HI) were detected at 20% ETc. For the second harvest, SS showed higher root and corm fresh weight, corm number and diameter. Th... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Andriamparany, Jessica N. [Verfasser]. "Diversity, local uses and availability of medicinal plants and wild yams in the Mahafaly region of south-western Madagascar / Jessica N. Andriamparany." Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1077078633/34.
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Heppert, Jennifer K. "Evolution of TOO MANY MOUTHS and stomatal patterning mechanisms in the monocot Dioscorea bulbifera." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1273.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Sciences
Biology
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Ferreira, Almecina Balbino 1978. "Sistemas de cultivo do cará dioscorea spp. por pequenos agricultores da baixada Cuiabana - MT. /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93493.
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Orientador: Lin Chau MingBanca: Maria Christina de Mello Amorozo
Banca: Moacir Haverroth
Resumo: As dioscoreáceas constituem uma importante fonte alimentar e estão distribuídas nas regiões tropicais, subtropicais e temperadas de todo mundo. O gênero Dioscorea, ao qual pertence a maioria das espécies cultivadas e silvestres da família, engloba espécies tropicais originárias da África, Ásia e América. O objetivo do trabalho foi realizar um levantamento das variedades de cará (Dioscorea spp.) cultivadas pelos agricultores com o intuito de verificar as espécies mantidas por eles e suas diversidades, nomes populares das variedades e sobre o sistema produtivo da cultura como: preparo das túberas sementes, manejo da cultura, preparo do solo, plantio, tratos culturais e comercialização. Para o início da pesquisa de campo, foi usada a técnica de amostragem do tipo "bola de neve", que consistiu em conversar com alguns agricultores e vendedores dos mercados de hortaliças da região para a localização dos principais agricultores que cultivam o cará e suas indicações subsequentes. Durante a pesquisa de campo, foram encontrados 48 agricultores que cultivam diversas culturas e também plantam o cará, com seu respectivos nomes populares para o gênero. Foram encontradas três espécies: Dioscorea alata, D. trifida e D. bulbifera. O preparo do solo é feito de forma rudimentar e o cultivo do cará é feito no sistema de "roça de toco". 14% dos agricultores utilizaram algum tipo de implemento agrícola para o preparo do solo. O preparo das "sementes" varia de acordo com cada espécie, sendo que 55% são plantadas partidas e 45% inteiras. A organização e destino da produção acontecem nas comunidades, onde grande parte é destinada à alimentação familiar, e o excedente é para a venda direta para consumidores ou via intermediários
Abstract: The dioscoreaceas constitute an important source of food and are distributed in tropical, subtropical and temperate all over the world. The genus Dioscorea, whose the most cultivated and wild species of the family belong to, encompassing tropical species originally from Africa, Asia and America. The objective was to survey the varieties of yams grown by farmers in order to verify the species kept by them and their diversity, popular names of the varieties and the crop production system as: preparation of tubers-seeds, crop management, soil preparation, planting, cultivation and marketing. In the field research the sampling "snowball", was used, which consisted of talking to some farmers and vegetable sellers in the region for the location of the main farmers who grow yams. During the fieldwork, there were 48 farmers growing different crops and also plant the yams, their respective common names for the genus. Three species were found: Dioscorea alata, D. trifida and D. bulbifera. Soil preparation is done rudimentary and the cultivation of yams is done on a "slash and burn" system. 14% of farmers used some type of agricultural implement for soil tillage. The "seed" preparation varies with each species, 55% are planted using divided portions of the tubers and 45% using entire tubers. The organization of production and destination are done in communities where a large part is devoted to the family diet, and the surplus is for sale delivered directly to consumers or by middle-men
Mestre
15
Silva, Danielle Muniz da. "Diversidade genética de cará-do-ar (Dioscorea bulbifera L.) originários de roças de agricultura tradicional por meio de marcadores microssatélites." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-08042013-104056/.
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O gênero Dioscorea possui o maior número de representantes da família Dioscoreaceae e possui uma ampla variedade de espécies de importância econômica, por seu aspecto comestível e medicinal. Este estudo tem por objetivo caracterizar, por marcadores microssatélites, a diversidade genética de 42 acessos de Dioscorea bulbifera pertencentes ao banco de germoplasma ex situ da ESALQ/USP, originários de roças de agricultura tradicional dos Estados São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Pernambuco, Piauí, Mato Grosso e Goiás. Para esta caracterização foi desenvolvida uma biblioteca genômica enriquecida para D. bulbifera, visto que não havia iniciadores específicos para esta espécie. Foram também utilizados iniciadores heterólogos, desenvolvidos para outras espécies de Dioscorea por meio de transferibilidade. Esta biblioteca resultou em sete iniciadores, sendo seis deles polimórficos. Já a amplificação heteróloga resultou em amplificação positiva para 10 iniciadores testados, todos polimórficos. A análise genética foi realizada, portanto, com um total de 17 iniciadores. Os dados foram analisados como dados binários (presença e ausência de bandas), por tratar-se de uma espécie poliplóide. Foi observado um total de 63 alelos (bandas), com média de 3,7 alelos por loco. O índice de Shannon variou entre 0,18 e 0,68, o poder de discriminação (D) entre 0,70 e 0,97 e a heterozigosidade esperada entre 0,08 a 0,49. Ambas as análises de coordenadas principais e de agrupamento, esta última utilizando o índice de Jaccard, não indicaram a separação dos acessos de acordo com seu local de origem. Apesar de não se mostrar estruturada no espaço os dados apresentados neste estudo demonstram que existe grande variabilidade genética em D. bulbifera mantida por agricultores tradicionais de diversas regiões do Brasil, o que provavelmente se deve ao intercâmbio de materiais entre agricultores.Dioscorea is the largest genus of Dioscoreaceae family and has a wide variety of species of economic interesting, for their edible and medicinal properties. This study aimed to characterize, by microsatellite markers, the genetic diversity of 42 local varieties obtained from the ex situ germplasm collection belonging do ESALQ/USP, originating from São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Pernambuco, Piauí, Mato Grosso and Goiás. For this characterization we developed an enriched genomic library for D. bulbifera, since there were no primers specific for this species. We also tested 17 heterologous primers, developed for other Dioscorea species for cross-amplification. This enriched genomic library resulted in seven primers, six of them polymorphic. The cross-amplification resulted in 10 positive amplifications, all polymorphic primers. Therefore, the genetic analysis was conducted with a total of 17 primers. Data was analyzed as binary data (presence and absence of bands), being a polyploidy species. A total of 63 alleles (bands) were found, with an average of 3.7 alleles per locus. The Shannon index ranged between 0.18 and 0.68, the discrimination power (D) between 0.70 and 0.97, and the expected heterozygosity from 0.08 to 0.49. Both principal coordinate and cluster analysis, using the Jaccard index, indicated no separation among the accessions according to their origin. Although no spatial structure was observed among the accessions, this study demonstrated high genetic diversity in D. bulbifera maintained by traditional farmers in Brazil, which probably can be explained by the exchanging of materials among farmers.
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Robert, Steven Charles. "Yams, years and the Queensland Labour Trade : a linguistic investigation of the Queensland Labour Trade and the Report of the Royal Commission on Recruiting Polynesian Labourers in New Guinea and Adjucent Island, 1885 /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arr6426.pdf.
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Naveira, Miguel Alfredo Carid. "Yama Yama." Florianópolis, SC, 2007. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/89735.
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Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia SocialMade available in DSpace on 2012-10-23T02:10:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 241193.pdf: 8258266 bytes, checksum: 731d30c3f7b6af9ee449c18ce5f3d3f2 (MD5)
Embora se funde na vida e na etnografia, esta tese toda gira direta ou indiretamente em torno da memória: memória dos nomes, que sublinha tanto o vínculo da pertença como da diferença, ou seja, a marca da história na substância; memória das aldeias, que é sempre memória de um trânsito, de uma divisão, dos parentes que moram em outro lugar, memória determinante de ser parte e não Todo; músicas da memória, que são um pouco de memória em estado puro, o que se pensa nas pessoas; vingança, que é permanência da memória e movimento contínuo do pensamento; memória doentia do vegetal (puxta vëte), que inflama o desejo e reduz o corpo; memória do esquecimento, memória que falta aos parentes celestiais. No âmago da memória, os cantos yama yama. Uma das expressões mais claras dos problemas que os Yaminahua (Alto Ucayali, Peru) têm tanto para viver juntos como para viver separados. Como dizem os Yaminahua, os yama yama se cantam para alguém, e são as relações todas com esses alguém que constroem a pessoa e os cantos. Afinal, é aí, à luz de um espaço biográfico desenhado à surdina das ausências, que melhor pode observar-se o espaço dilemático em que se desenvolvem as relações sociais yaminahua. Entre a tristeza que provoca o pensar continuado e a alegria da festa e da convivência, os Yaminahua se encontram na transversal da vida. A par do mapa social, pode notar-se um mapa complexo de afetos que tecem uma rede permanente de ires, vires e perdas.
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Le, Drezen Yann. "Dynamiques des paysages de la vallée du Yamé depuis 4 000 ans : Contribution à la compréhension d'un géosystème soudano-sahélien (Ounjougou, Pays dogon, Mali)." Caen, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00348161.
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Etudier les dynamiques des paysages de la vallée du Yamé depuis 4000 ans consiste à comprendre la genèse des paysages et les changements depuis que les sociétés commencent à intervenir de façon intensive sur le milieu. Nous souhaitons à travers cette recherche contribuer à la connaissance des paysages africains en tant qu'entité culturelle en tenant compte des actions anthropiques et bioclimatiques. La vallée du Yamé, principal cours d'eau du Pays dogon, est localisée dans la zone soudano-sahélienne au Mali. Dans une première partie, nous présentons le cadre et les contextes d'études. La deuxième partie consiste en une présentation du cadre chronostratigraphique à haute résolution. La troisième partie correspond à l'analyse des formations fluvio-palustres et des fonctionnements hydro-sédimentaires. La quatrième partie est une présentation des paysages végétaux et de leur évolution. La cinquième partie repose sur une synthèse des résultats, avec une interprétation spatio-temporelle des paysages. Cette recherche permet d'observer une ouverture progressive des paysages associée à un changement de physionomie des espèces, liée à une aridification du climat et à la mise en place d'agrosystèmes. La végétation a évolué entre différentes mosaïques de savanes, forêts claires et/ou denses sèches, progressivement à caractère soudano-sahélien. Des espèces pyrophiles se renforcent avec l'émergence d'une agriculture de mil attestée par l'archéobotanique et par des feux anthropiques saisonniers. Nous mettons en évidence l'influence croissante des hommes sur leur environnement, depuis 4000 ans qui aboutit à la construction de véritables paysages culturels à partir de milieux originels
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Hernández, González Néstor Felipe. "YAMA : a system for marking network traffic." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41607.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-108).
Computer security performance analysis requires precise labeling of traffic as either background or attack traffic. When an experiment is performed on-line, it may also be important to identify traffic from the security system. Today this is tedious and difficult, requiring personnel with a deep understanding of multiple protocols. YAMA (Your Able Marking Aide) is a tool that labels sessions and packets associated with a set of user actions given those actions, the traffic, and a network configuration (host information and web page corpus). An evaluation of a version that processes web traffic is performed using data from Alexas Top 100 Sites. YAMA 1.0 correctly associates the action of visiting a specific site with 90% of all HTTP packets, and 99% of both HTTP GET and DNS packets. Furthermore, YAMA 1.0 produces zero false positives when given a high-level event indicating a user visited one web site and packets from a different site.
by Néstor Felipe Hernández González.
M.Eng.
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Geisse, Elisabeth. "On Being: The Fictional Yamas and Niyamas." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1481124015984363.
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Lindberg, Filippa. "Hur ungas attityder kring hörselnedsättningar orsakade av fritidsbuller påverkas av deras koppling till sitt framtida jag." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-169671.
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Den här studien undersöker vad som påverkar attityder hos unga gällande hörselnedsättningar relaterade till fritidsbuller såsom ett regelbunden användning av hörlurar. För att svara på dessa frågor genomfördes en onlinebaserad enkät där deltagarna fick skatta sin koppling till sitt framtida jag på en 100-gradig skala, läsa information om hörselnedsättningar orsakade av fritidsbuller i punktform respektive i formen av ett scenario och skatta 19 frågor på en femgradig skala från “håller inte alls med” till “håller helt med”. Studien visade inga signifikanta resultat. I rapporten diskuteras eventuella orsaker till dessa icke signifikanta resultat utifrån ett metodiskt perspektiv, där slutsatsen blir att vidare forskning bör fokusera främst på hur deltagarnas koppling till sitt framtida jag kan stärkas.This study examines what influences young people's attitudes towards hearing loss related to leisure noise such as regular use of headphones. To answer these questions, an online-based survey was conducted where participants were asked to estimate their connection to their future self on a 100-point scale, read information about hearing impairments caused by leisure noise in bullet points or in the form of a scenario and rate 19 questions on a five-point scale from "strongly disagree" to "strongly agree". The study showed no significant results. The report discusses possible reasons for these non-significant results from a methodological perspective, with the conclusion that further research should focus primarily on how to strengthen the connection for the participants' connection to their future selves.
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Pardo, Carrasco Sandra Clemencia. "Reprodução induzida do yamú, Brycon siebenthalae (PISCES: CHARACFORME)." Florianópolis, SC, 2001. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/82150.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Curso de Pós-Graduação em AquiculturaMade available in DSpace on 2012-10-19T12:10:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Este trabalho visa avaliar o efeito de distintos tratamentos hormonais sobre a maturação final das gônadas do yamú. Foram utilizadas matrizes de yamú de primeira maturação sexual, com dois anos de idade e peso médio 1,4±0,001 kg. Os machos foram submetidos a cinco tratamentos assim: três com mGnRH-a (10µg/kg; 15µg/kg e 20µg/kg), um com extrato de pituitária de carpa EPC (4,4 mg/kg) e um tratamento controle só com aplicação do veículo (solução salina 0,9%). O efeito dos tratamentos hormonais sobre os machos foi analisado através do volume de sêmen produzido, concentração espermática, espermatócrito, redutasemetria, tempo de ativação, porcentagem de espermatozóides vivos, motilidade global e taxa de fertilidade. O EPC provocou alterações estatisticamente significativas sobre o sêmen de yamú, quando comparado com os demais tratamentos. Encontrou-se uma regressão linear positiva entre espermatócrito e a concentração espermática. Nos demais parâmetros avaliados não foi encontrada diferença entre os diferentes tratamentos, sendo os resultados apresentados através da média obtida pelos distintos tratamentos. Conclui-se que o EPC tem ação sob a fluidez seminal, aumentando o volume e diminuindo a concentração. As fêmeas foram submetidas a oito tratamentos assim: seis com mGnRH-a (10µg/kg, 15µg/kg e 20µg/kg em dose única e 10µg/kg, 15µg/kg e 20µg/kg em duas doses de 10 e 90%), um com EPC (5,5 mg/kg em duas aplicações, 10% e 90%) e um tratamento controle só com aplicação de solução salina 0,9%. As fêmeas induzidas com mGnRH-a e as fêmeas controle não desovaram. Dentre aquelas tratadas com EPC, 78% liberaram óvulos decorridos em média 176,4±3,0 horas grau a 27oC. Nas fêmeas induzidas com EPC foi observado um aumento significativo na freqüência dos ovócitos. A posição da vesícula germinativa no inicio dos testes para todas as fêmeas estava com 80,2% dos ovócitos em estádio migrando e apenas no tratamento com EPC foi deslocada significativamente para estádio maduro (P<0,05), apresentando o efeito positivo sobre a maturação final dos ovócitos. Nas condições testadas no presente trabalho podemos concluir que a utilização do EPC é efetiva na indução a maturação final e desova do yamú.
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Tor, Mahmut. "Genetic transformation of yam (Dioscorea)." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267504.
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Tsegmed, Uranchimeg. "Staphylococci isolated from raw milk of yak and cattle in Mongolia : studies on the occurrence, characterization, detection of enterotoxin and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the isolates /." Uppsala : Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/10186505.pdf.
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Andersson, Daniel. "Evaluering av neurala nätverk för en fotbollsspelande mobil robot." Thesis, University of Skövde, Department of Computer Science, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-637.
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Detta examensarbete behandlar ett experiment som Tom Smith utförde vid sitt magisterarbete, att utveckla en Kheperarobot som ska utföra en fotbollsuppgift av enklare modell. Dock koncentrerar sig detta arbete mer på en evaluering av artificiella neurala nätverk för detta problem. De olika typerna av ANN-arkitekturer som har använts till detta arbete är förutom Tom Smiths, baserade på arkitekturer från en artikel skriven av Stefano Nolfi.
De resultat som har uppnåtts visar att precis som i Stefano Nolfis artikel är det en arkitektur med "spontan modularitet" som visar sig fungera bäst av de arkitekturer som undersökts, även till detta problem.
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Siirilä, Robert. "Implementering av schema för YAML och JSON i .NET." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Mathematics, Natural and Computer Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-813.
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Genom att använda scheman till textfiler som ska matas in ett system, kan textfilerna direkt översättas till systemets interna datastrukturer. Scheman kan också användas för att kontrollera att inte felaktiga värden matas in i systemet. För enklare textfiler som YAML och JSON är det ovanligt med format för att definiera scheman. Det vanligaste schema-formatet för YAML i nuläget är Kwalify, men det finns inte för Microsofts .NET-ramverk. Lösningen är att implementera Kwalify på .NET. Implementationen benämns Nkwalify. För verifiering av implementeringen används systemdatabasen i Lantmäteriets nya miljö för kartproduktion. Implementeringen jämförs med Xmlserializer, som har delvis samma användningsområde. Xmlserializer ingår som standard i .NET. Prestandatester visar att vid mycket stora datamängder är Xmlserializer upp till fem gånger snabbare på att ladda in data. Nkwalify stödjer dock fler datatyper och mer komplicerade datastrukturer än Xmlserializer samt matar ut data minst fem gånger snabbare. Nkwalify är lämplig för snabb och enkel överföring av komplexa data och för kontroll av inmatade värden. Det behövs ytterligare utveckling och tester för att Nkwalify ska vara produktionsklart.
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Taylor, Stephen S. "Manipulation of YACs to construct a mammalian artificial chromosome." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260750.
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ANDRADE, Genira Pereira de. "Diagnóstico fitossanitário da cultura do inhame (Dioscorea spp.) em áreas produtoras do Nordeste do Brasil." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2007. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/6597.
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Genira Pereira de Andrade.pdf: 531734 bytes, checksum: 9dc28c82bfccaa852aa4dbc98b012e2d (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-17T12:25:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Genira Pereira de Andrade.pdf: 531734 bytes, checksum: 9dc28c82bfccaa852aa4dbc98b012e2d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-20
Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
The yam (Dioscorea spp.) is affected by several diseases and pests occurring in field and/or during transport and storage. It is a crop with a high social economic importance in Northeast of Brazil, showing a good expansion potential by tuber export, especially to Europe. An evaluation of disease and pest development in important producing areas was undertaken, as well as a study on the quality of tuber seed used by the growers. Visits to seven counties of Pernambuco and three of Paraíba, totaling 30 farms were done. In order to evaluate the occurrence of diseases and the damages caused by pests under field conditions, in each field five lines of 10 plants were marked, while for virus evaluation, 30 plants were randomly selected. The plants were analyzed 30 days before and at the harvest day. The nematodes were extracted by association the Jenkins method and identified by their structures under light microscope. For fungus identification, isolation and inoculation were doneand the structures were observed under light microscope. For the viruses, observation under electron microscopy, triple antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay” (TAS-ELISA), with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies specific to Yam mosaic virus (YMV), from IITA, Nigeria, and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with degenerated primers for detecting badnavirus and duplex reverse transcription (RT-PCR) with specific primers to YMV and Yam mild mosaic virus (YMMV) were used. The PCR and RT-PCR products were purified and sequenced in order to validate the tests used for detecting badnavirus andidentification of the potyviruses by the comparative analyses of the sequences available in the GenBank. It was observed the leaf spot caused by Curvularia eragrostidis in all areas studied, with a higher intensity on cv. Inhame-da-Costa of D. cayennensis-D. rotundata complex, whereas the damages caused by leaf wor (Pseudoplusia oo), present in all fields, were higher on cv. São Tomé of D. alata plants. The seed tubers of both yam species, collected in five farms representative of the growing areas of Pernambuco and Paraíba, after 60 days of storage, presented serious problems of green rot caused by Penicilium sclerotigenum, mealybugs (Planoccocus sp.) and tuber worms (Araecerus fasciculatus). It was identified the potyviruses YMV and YMMV, occurring in single and mixed infections with badnavirus, consisting the first detailed report with molecular information on theseviruses in Brazil.
O inhame (Dioscorea spp.) tem sido afetado por a vários problemas fitossanitários, que se manifestam na lavoura e durante o transporte e/ou armazenamento. É uma cultura de elevada importância sócio-econômica para a região Nordeste do Brasil, inclusive com potencial de expansão via exportação de túberas, especialmente para a Europa. Foi efetuada uma avaliação do desenvolvimento de doenças e pragas em importantes áreas produtoras, bem como um estudo da qualidade do material de propagação utilizado pelos produtores. Foram visitados sete municípios de Pernambuco e três da Paraíba, totalizando 30 propriedades. Para avaliação da ocorrência das doenças da parte aérea e danos causados por lagarta, foram marcadas em cada campo, 5 fileiras de 10 plantas e mais 30 plantas, escolhidas aleatoriamente, para análise de viroses, as quais foram avaliadas um mês antes e no período da colheita. Para extração dos nematóides foi usado método de centrifugação rápida associadoao de Jenkins, os quais foram identificados por suas estruturas observadas ao microscópio ótico. Os fungos detectados foram isolados e identificados e observando-se suas estruturas reprodutivas. Para identificação dos vírus foram efetuadas observações ao microscópio eletrônico de transmissão, teste “triple antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay” (TAS-ELISA), com anti-corpos policlonais e monoclonais específicos para Yam mosaic virus (YMV), obtidos do IITA, Nigéria e reaçaão de PCR (“polimerase chain reaction”) com oligonucleotídeos degenerados paradetecção de badnavírus e duplex reverse transcription (RT)-PCR com oligonucleotídeos específicos para YMV e Yam mild mosaic virus (YMMV). Os produtos de PCR e RT-PCR foram purificados e seqüenciados para validação dos testes usados na detecção de badnavírus e identificação dos potyvírus, por análise comparativa com as seqüências disponíveis no GenBank. Ficou comprovada a ocorrência de pinta preta, causada por Curvularia eragrostidis em todas as áreas estudadas, com maior intensidade na cv. Inhame-da-Costa do complexo D. cayennensis-D. rotundata, enquanto que o ataque de lagarta das folhas (Pseudoplusia oo), presente em todos os campos, teve maior severidade na cv. São Tomé de D. alata. As túberas-semente de ambas as espécies de inhame, coletadas em cinco propriedades representativas das áreas de cultivo em Pernambuco eParaíba, após 60 dias de armazenamento, apresentaram sérios problemas de Podridão Verde, causada por Penicillium sclerotigenum, cochonilhas (Planoccocus sp.) e brocas das túberas (Araecerus fasciculatus). Foram identificados os potyvírus YMV e YMMV, ocorrendo em infecção simples e mista com badnavírus, constituindose o primeiro registro detalhado com informações moleculares destes vírus no Brasil.
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Abelló, Gamazo Alberto. "YAM^2: a multidimensional conceptual model." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6637.
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ABRSTRACTThis thesis proposes YAM^2, a multidimensional conceptual model for OLAP(On-Line Analytical Processing). It is defined as an extension of UML (Unified Modeling Language). The aim is to benefit from Object-Oriented concepts and relationships to allow the definition of semantically rich multi-star schemas. Thus, the usage of Generalization, Association, Derivation, and Flow relationships (in UML terminology) is studied.
An architecture based on different levels of schemas is proposed and the characteristics of its different levels defined. The benefits of this architecture are twofold. Firstly, it relates Federated Information Systems with Data Warehousing, so that advances in one area can also be used in the other. Moreover, the Data Mart schemas are defined so that they can be implemented on different Database Management Systems, while still offering a common integrated vision that allows to navigate through the different stars.
The main concepts of any multidimensional model are facts and dimensions. Both are analyzed separately, based on the assumption that relationships between aggregation levels are part-whole (or composition) relationships. Thus, mereology axioms are used on that analysis to prove some properties.
Besides structures, operations and integrity constraints are also defined for YAM^2. Due to the fact that, in this thesis, a data cube is defined as a function, operations (i.e. Drill-across, ChangeBase, Roll-up, Projection, and Selection) are defined over functions. Regarding the set of integrity constraints, they reflect the importance of summarizability (or aggregability) of measures, and pay special attention to it.
Aquesta tesi proposa YAM^2, un model conceptual multidimensional per OLAP (On-Line Analytical Processing). El model es defineix com una extensió d'UML (Unified Modeling Language). La intenció és aprofitar conceptes i relacions de la Orientació a Objectes per permetre la definició d'esquemes multi-estrella semànticament rics. Així, s'estudia la utilització de relacions del tipus Generalization, Association, Derivation, i Flow (utilitzant la terminologia d'UML).
Es proposa una arquitectura basada en diferents nivells d'esquemes i es defineixen les característiques dels nivells. Els beneficis d'aquesta arquitectura tenen dues vessants. Primerament, relaciona els Sistemes d'Informació Federats amb els Magatzems de Dades, de manera que els avenços en els primers es puguin utilitzar en els segons. A més, els Magatzems de Dades Departamentals es defineixen de manera que es puguin implementar en Sistemes Gestors de Bases de Dades diferents, al mateix temps que ofereixen una visió integrada que permet navegar a través de diferents estrelles.
Els principals conceptes de qualsevol model multidimensionals són els fets i les dimensions. Ambdós són analitzats de forma separada, basat en l'assumpció que les relacions entre els nivells d'agregació són de tipus part-tot (o composició). Així, els axiomes de la mereologia són utilitzats en l'anàlisi per provar algunes propietats.
Juntament amb les estructures, operacions i restriccions d'integritat han estat definides per YAM^2. Degut al fet que, en aquesta tesi, un cub de dades es definit com una funció, les operacions (Drill-across, ChangeBase, Roll-up, Projection, i Selection) són definides sobre funcions. Respecte al conjunt de restriccions d'integritat, aquestes reflecteixen la importància de la sumaritzabilitat (o agregabilitat) de les mesures, i paren especial atenció a ella.
Esta tesis propone YAM^2, un modelo conceptual multidimensional para OLAP (On-Line Analytical Processing). Éste se define como una extensión de UML (Unified Modeling Language). La intención es beneficiarse de los conceptos y relaciones de la Orientación a Objetos para permitir la definición de esquemas multi-estrella semánticamente ricos. Así, se estudia la utilización de relaciones de tipo Generalization, Association, Derivation, y Flow (en terminología UML).
Se propone también una arquitectura basada en diferentes niveles de esquemas, y se estudian las características de cada uno de esos niveles. De esta arquitectura se obtienen dos beneficios. Primeramente, relaciona los Sistemas de Información Federados con los Almacenes de Datos, de manera que los avances en una de las áreas se puedan utilizar en la otra. Además, los esquemas de los Almacenes de Datos Departamentales son definidos de forma que estos se pueden implementar sobre diferentes Sistemas de Gestión de Bases de Datos, al mismo tiempo que ofrecen una visión común e integrada, que permite navegar entre las diferentes estrellas.
Los principales conceptos de cualquier modelo multidimensional son los hechos y las dimensiones. Ambos son estudiados de forma independiente, basado en la asunción de que las relaciones entre los niveles de agregación son de tipo parte-todo (o composición). Así, los axiomas de la mereología son utilizados en ese análisis para demostrar algunas propiedades.
Juntamente con las estructuras, operaciones y restricciones de integridad son también definidas para YAM^2. Debido al hecho de que, en esta tesis, un cubo de datos es definido como una función, la operaciones (Drill-across, ChangeBase, Roll-up, Projection, y Selection) son definidas sobre funciones. Respecto al conjunto de restricciones de integridad, estas reflejan la importancia de la sumarizabilidad (o agregabilidad) de las medidas, y presta especial atención a ello.
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Borgenstrand, Markus. "Network automation – the power of Ansible." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för informationssystem och -teknologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-34002.
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This report discusses network automation primarily with Ansible. Ansible is a software from Red Hat that can be used for network automation. The report also goes through YAML which is a standardized way of exchanging data, Jinja2 that is a templating language, Python as well as the security with Ansible. The report also goes through why network automation is needed as well as how much time might be saved with Ansible. Ansible ships with modules for Cisco IOS such as ios_config and ios_command and for Cisco ASA asa_config, asa_command and asa_acl as well as many other modules for Arista, Juniper and for other vendors. Ansible can use new APIs by creating new modules for handling that particular API, which means that the only change needed in the playbooks is to change the module name. Ansible can handle NETCONF API using the netconf_config module or various Juniper modules. Ansible is used in this report to perform certain tasks such as to adding VLAN's, close ports on ASA's, audit network devices configuration as well as to create network diagram using the information from CDP. Ansible can be made as secure as manually doing the tasks except that Ansible can do it faster and more consistently. For connecting to normal Linux servers Ansible uses OpenSSH which is a default SSH client on most Linux systems and for connecting to network devices it uses Paramiko. The security in Ansible depends on SSH and may or may not have passwords stored locally, Ansible can be as secure as the administrator wants it to be such as using RSA key-pair to authenticate, using vault encrypted credentials or asking the administrator about which username and password to use. Using Ansible network automation can save time, the amount saved depends on what is being done, how many devices it is doing it on as well as how the playbook is written.Rapporten behandlar nätverksautomation primärt i Ansible. Ansible är en mjukvara från Red Hat som kan användas för nätverksautomering. Rapporten går igenom YAML som är ett sätt att standardisera överförning av data, Jinja2 som är ett mallspråk, Python samt säkerheten i Ansible. Rapporten går dessutom igenom varför vi ens vill ha nätverksautomation och hur mycket tid som möjligtvis kan sparas. Ansible kommer med moduler för Cisco IOS som exempelvis ios_config och ios_command och för Cisco ASA finns moduler så som asa_config, asa_command och asa_acl. För andra tillverkare så finns det moduler för Arista, Juniper och för andra leverantörer. Om en ny API kommer ut för en ny enhet så kan en ny Ansible modul skapas som använder denna, vilket betyder att Ansible playbooks kan då använda sig av de nya modulerna med samma struktur som tidigare. Ansible kan hantera NETCONF API med hjälp av netconf_config modulen och av flertalet Juniper moduler. Ansible kan användas på ett lika säkert sätt som manuellt arbete, med undantag på att Ansible gör det snabbare och mer konsekvent. För uppkoppling till vanliga Linux-servrar så använder Ansible OpenSSH klienten som standard och mot nätverksenheter utan Python installerat så används Python biblioteket Paramiko. Ansible använder sig av SSH och kan ha lösenord sparat i playbooken, utanför i annan fil, i ett krypterat vault, fråga användaren som användarnamn och lösenord samt autentisering med hjälp av RSA nycklar. Ansible används för att skapa olika VLAN, stänga portar på en ASA, granska nätverksenhetens konfiguration gentemot vad den borde ha för konfiguration samt för att skapa nätverksdiagram baserat på informationen från CDP. Genom att använda sig av Ansible nätverksautomation så kan tid sparas, hur mycket beror helt på vad som ska göras, hur många enheter det ska göras på samt hur playbooken faktiskt är skapad.
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Keřka, Marek. "Systém podpory prodeje sportovních dat." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-192386.
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The goal of diploma thesis is disquisition on existing file format intended for data transmission over computer network. Choose one of the compared file format and create a file structure for transmission sports data. Assess the structure of files from existing sports data suppliers and create their own structure. Compare the possible ways of distribution of created data files and give recommendations for services implementers.
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Francis, Michael J. "Physical mapping around the SMA gene using yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259879.
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Ekefan, Ebenezer Jonathan. "Epidemiology and control of yam anthracnose in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Reading, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336680.
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Pabon, Vivas Rohely, and Lisa Rydberg. "Svenskars benägenhet att ha en utrikes född partner : En kvantitativ studie om hur unga svenskars utbildning och bostadsort påverkar benägenheten att ha en utrikes född partner." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-88847.
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Uppsatsens syfte ämnar undersöka svenskars benägenhet att välja en utrikes född partner utifrån individers bostadsort samt deras egen och föräldrars utbildning. Valet av partner analyseras utifrån ett perspektiv där valet inte sker slumpmässigt utan styrs av faktorer som påverkar möjligheterna till vilken partner svenskar träffar. Tidigare forskning har främst studerat parförhållanden mellan olika minoritetsgrupper och minoriteters tendens att ha en inrikes född partner. Eftersom parförhållanden mellan majoriteten och minoriteterna anses vara en indikator på hur starka gränserna är mellan olika grupper i samhället, är det av sociologiskt intresse att också studera hurmajoritetsgruppen väljer en partner från minoritetsgrupper.Teoriavsnittet beskriver inledningsvis begreppen endogami, homogami och exogami som olika former av parförhållanden för att sedan diskutera hur svenskars partnermarknad påverkas av deras socioekonomiska resurser och sociala kontext. Datamaterialet som används i studien kommer från SUDA:s undersökning Young Adult Panel Study från år 1999 och studiens urval består av individer födda i Sverige av svenskfödda föräldrar som vid undersökningstillfället var i ett parförhållande. Logistisk regressionsanalys är den metod som tillämpats för att analysera svenskars benägenhet att ha en utrikes född partner. Studiens resultat indikerar att föräldrars utbildning, till skillnad från respondenters egen utbildning, hade en betydande effekt på benägenheten att ha en partner som är född utomlands. Det visar också att svenskar som bor i storstäder är mer benägna att ha en utrikes född partner i jämförelse med de som bor på landsbygden. Samspelet mellan individers socioekonomiska bakgrund och sociala kontext kan således påverka vilken partnermarknad som är tillgänglig för varje individoch är därmed avgörande för svenskars benägenhet att ha en utrikes född partner.
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Spajic, Ana-Marija. "Granskning av yogautövares uppfattningar om ekologisk hållbarhet : En kvalitativ studie." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Religionsvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-27541.
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Fem kvinnor som regelbundet utövar yoga har intervjuats för att undersöka hur deras uppfattning av ekologisk hållbarhet ser ut. Trots att samtliga intervjuade är uppväxta i olika länder - Sverige, Schweiz, Singapore, Filippinerna - är deras svar i hög grad överensstämmande med varandra. Det är värt att observera att svaren även stämmer väl överens med nyheter som rapporteras i media. De intervjuade har gett beskrivningar av de bekymmer de ser i miljön samt vilka initiativ de personligen tar till för att minska miljöförstörelse. Störst är temat för konsumtion / överkonsumtion, följt av reducering och återvinning. Det är möjligt att svaren är påverkade av media. Palmolja nämns inte under någon av intervjuerna trots att 3/5 av de intervjuade nämner avskogning / habitatdegradering som ett problem.
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HAYASHI, Evelyn Anly Ishikawa. "Detecção de novas espécies virais em inhame (Dioscorea spp.) no Brasil por sequenciamento de nova geração." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2016. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/6040.
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Evelyn Anly Ishikawa Hayashi.pdf: 995457 bytes, checksum: 6e8e0ab5195fade5b6ad359231618e69 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-01T12:56:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Evelyn Anly Ishikawa Hayashi.pdf: 995457 bytes, checksum: 6e8e0ab5195fade5b6ad359231618e69 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29
Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
The yam (Dioscorea spp.) has an important socio-economic role in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa and the Americas including the Caribbean. In Brazil, it is a significant source of income and food for the local populations and family agriculture, especially in the Northeast region of the country. The crop yield is very affected by both abiotic factors and biotic agents, including fungi, nematodes and viruses. Diseases caused by viruses are important because the vegetative propagation of yam provides the accumulation and spread of these pathogens on successive crops. To date, the reported viruses in this crop belong to nine genera: Aureusvirus, Badnavirus, Carlavirus, Comovirus, Cucumovirus, Fabavirus, Macluravirus, Potexvirus and Potyvirus. The objective of the present work was to analyze, through the Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), different viral species that infect the yam in fields located in the states of Pernambuco and Paraíba and in the Federal District. Leaf tissue samples of D. rotundata and D. alata were subjected to partial virus purification, the total RNA was extracted and submitted to NGS. The nucleotide reads obtained were assembled using CLC Genomics Workbench 6.5 program and the contigs using Geneious program. Based on the data obtained from NGS it was possible to detect three new virus species reported in this work. It was sequenced the complete genome of two new species, one belonging to the family Secoviridae, with the proposed name Dioscorea virus S (DVS), and another to Foveavirus genus of the family Betaflexiviridae, called Dioscorea virus F (DVF). For the third species described, belonging to the family Closteroviridae, it was done only the viral detection in the collected samples and proposed the name Dioscorea virus C (DVC).
O inhame (Dioscorea spp.) apresenta importante papel socioeconômico nas regiões tropicais e subtropicais da Ásia, África e Américas incluindo o Caribe. No Brasil, se constitui uma expressiva fonte de renda e alimento para as populações locais e agricultura familiar, principalmente na região Nordeste do país. A produtividade da cultura é bastante afetada, tanto por fatores abióticos, como por agentes bióticos, entre os quais fungos, nematoides e vírus. Doenças causadas por vírus são importantes, pois a propagação vegetativa do inhame proporciona o acúmulo e disseminação desses patógenos em cultivos sucessivos. Até o momento, os vírus relatados nesta cultura pertencem a nove gêneros: Aureusvirus, Badnavirus, Carlavirus, Comovirus, Cucumovirus, Fabavirus, Macluravirus, Potexvirus e Potyvirus. No presente trabalho objetivou-se analisar, através do Sequenciamento de Nova Geração (Next Generation Sequencing - NGS), as diferentes espécies virais que infetam o inhame em plantios localizados nos estados de Pernambuco e Paraíba e no Distrito Federal. Amostras de tecido foliar de D. rotundata e D. alata foram submetidas a purificação viral parcial, o RNA total foi extraído e submetido ao NGS. As leituras nucleotídicas obtidas foram montadas utilizando o pragrama CLC Genomics Workbench 6.5 e os contigs utilizando o programa Geneious. Por meio dos dados obtidos por NGS foi possível a detecção de três espécies virais novas relatadas neste trabalho. Foi sequenciado o genoma completo de duas espécies, uma pertencente à família Secoviridae, que recebeu o nome Dioscorea virus S (DVS), e outra ao gênero Foveavirus da família Betaflexiviridae, denominada de Dioscorea virus F (DVF). Para a terceira espécie descrita, pertencente à família Closteroviridae, foi feita apenas a detecção viral nas amostras coletadas e a proposição do nome Dioscorea virus C (DVC).
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Kao, Hsin-chieh. "Labour, life, and language : personhood and relations among the Yami of Lanyu." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3206.
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This thesis discusses the concepts of labour, life, and language among the Yami of Lanyu, Taiwan. In the local context, it is labour, life and language that comprise the concept of personhood among the Yami: tao, i.e. the ‘person' in Yami language, is someone created labouring, and his labour in turn creates affluence, authority, and truth. I name this culturally particular image of a real or true person as Homo laboris or ‘Man the Worker'. This thesis aims to explore how labour, wealth, power, and knowledge are interrelated in Yami culture, and behind these relations, what material, social and epistemological conditions exist and render the relatedness possible. By analysing the contemporary economic predicament among the Yami, I attempt to highlight the effect of an episteme: when the Yami recognise and pursue wealth in the context of market economy they seem to be blind to the enormous invisible wealth in the market, because their category of wealth is constructed through numerous vis-à-vis relationships whose meaning resides in what a particular person is able to ‘see'. The concept of wealth is being re-categorised among the Yami, due to both their continuous trial and error in business management and the invincible power of abstract money. Accordingly, the straightforward relations between wealth, power, knowledge and labour are dissolving. The image of a real person is also changing now. In short, what money and commodities introduce to the Yami is not merely their use- or exchange- value but a set of new relations and a new way to see and recognise the world.
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Alvares, Myriam Martins. "Yamy, os espiritos do canto : a construção da pessoa na Sociedade Maxakali." [s.n.], 1992. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279326.
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Orientador : Robin M. WrightDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: O objeto de estudo desta dissertação é a sociedade indígena Maxakali, do nordeste do estado de Minas Gerais, grupo ainda praticamente desconhecido na literatura etnológica existente, a despeito de sua riqueza e complexidade etnográfica. A etnografia se desenvolve em uma descrição da sociedade e da cosmologia. O fio condutor é a construção da noção de Pessoa que será tratada a partir da compreensão de um duplo fluxo de transformação - o do sangue e o da palavra. A descrição da sociedade Maxakali procura situar as diferenciações de espaço e tempo da sociabilidade e compreender os processos de formação do Grupo local na dinâmica social. O universo do parentesco e do casamento demarca as relações de reciprocidade, esgarçada entre a partilha e a pilhagem. A relação ritual - Komãy - de troca de bens (alimentos) e de corpos (serviços funerários) perpassa o sistema de parentesco, sobrepondo-se a este. Uma reflexão sobre as categorias de 'morto/inimigo afim' será levada acabo a partir de dois pares de oposição entre vivos/yãmiy (mortos e espíritos) e dentro deste par, humanos/inimigos (outros estranhos). A construção da pessoa Maxakali é realizada através do controle humano sobre o trânsito celeste - o movimento dos Yãmiy. As implicações deste movimento espiritual sobre o movimento humano será central para os rituais de cura. A questão da doença e dos ciclos biológicos, a escatologia Maxakali, será abordada através da perspectiva da construção da pessoa.
Mestrado
Mestre em Antropologia Social
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Zeng, Jiangyong. "Epidemiology of Brucellosis in Yaks in the Tibet autonomous region of China." Thesis, Zeng, Jiangyong (2017) Epidemiology of Brucellosis in Yaks in the Tibet autonomous region of China. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2017. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/40571/.
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Brucellosis, caused by members of the genus Brucella, is a highly contagious production-limiting disease and one of the most important zoonosis in many countries of the world, including China. Prior to the study outlined in this thesis, few studies on the epidemiology of brucellosis in Tibet had been undertaken. Consequently, the aims of this study were to determine the epidemiological characteristics and economic impact of brucellosis in yaks in Tibet.
In a study examining historical data, significant differences were found in the spatial and temporal distribution of brucellosis in both livestock and humans (p<0.05). In the period from 2011 to 2013 there was a positive correlation between the seroprevalence in livestock and humans (r=0.93). Brucellosis was shown to be more common in the spring/summer seasons when parturition occurred.
A cross-sectional serological study of 1,523 randomly selected yaks belonging to 181 herders was conducted in Damxung, Maizhokunggar and Yadong counties. Sera were tested using a Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and a Competitive immune-enzymatic assay (C-ELISA) and the results interpreted in parallel. The individual yak seroprevalence was 2.8% (95%CI: 2.0, 3.7) with a herd level seroprevalence of 18.2% (95%CI: 12.9, 24.6). At the individual animal level, age and production system were significantly associated with seropositivity in a multivariable logistic regression model. The odds of Brucella infection were significantly higher in older yaks (3-5 years old, OR=4.51; 95%CI: 1.53, 19.29; >5 years old, OR=3.89; 95%CI: 1.23, 17.21) compared to younger yaks (<3 years old). The odds of seropositivity for yaks managed under an agro-pastoral production system was 2.9 (95%CI: 1.48, 5.86) times higher compared to those managed under a pastoral production system. At the herd level an association between seropositivity and a history of herd-abortions was observed (OR=4.98, 95%CI: 1.48, 16.62). Surprisingly vaccination of calves in Pali township of Yadong county was not associated with a lower level of infection (p=0.49 and p=0.99 for individual and herd level data, respectively).
A total of 317 yak pastoralists were interviewed using a structured questionnaire to determine their knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) relating to brucellosis. Although 60.6% of the respondents had heard of the disease, there was an overall low level of knowledge about the disease. Pastoralists did, however, adopt management/husbandry practices which would reduce transmission of the disease to humans and other animals. Multivariable logistic modelling showed that better knowledge was predicted by age (≥50 years old, OR=1.98; CI: 1.15, 3.46), production system practiced (pastoral, OR=10.57; CI: 5.47, 21.54), education level (primary/secondary school, OR=2.19; CI: 1.22, 3.96) and number of persons in a household (≥6 persons, OR=2.77; CI: 1.59, 4.91). Difference in attitudes and practices were predicted by education level (primary/secondary school, OR=1.72; CI: 1.03, 2.88), number of persons in a household (≥6 persons, OR=2.80; CI: 1.68, 4.76) and production system practiced (pastoral, OR=2.43; CI: 1.38, 4.33).
An economic evaluation of brucellosis found that the disease could result in a loss of US$ 3,126,256.68 (95%CI: US$2,006,644.50, US$4,559,176.80) in the total population of yaks over a six-year period in Damxung and Maizhokunggar counties and Pali township of Yadong county in Tibet, with an average loss per yak estimated at US$ 1.42 (95%CI: 0.91, 2.07) annually. Through benefit-cost analysis, vaccination was found to be the most economically sound control method with a benefit-cost ratio (BCR) of 3.19 (95% CI: 2.17, 4.66) and a net present value (NPV) of US$313,354.87 (95%CI: US$157,678.46, US$541,061.80). In a sensitivity analysis the NPV of the vaccination control program was shown to be most sensitive to the loss from an abortion. In contrast the price of yaks that were slaughtered had the largest influence on the NPV for the test-and-slaughter control program and the combination control program (vaccination and test-and-slaughter programs).
It is concluded that both public health education and implementation of a routine vaccination program are needed to effectively control brucellosis in yaks on the Tibetan plateau.
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Atencio-García, Víctor Julio. "Influência da primeira alimentação na alevinagem do yamú Brycon siebenthalae (Eigenmann, 1912) /." Florianópolis, SC, 2000. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/78734.
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Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias.Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-17T18:29:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
O yamú, Brycon siebenthalae, é uma espécie com características aproveitáveis para a piscicultura colombiana, porém sua consolidação como alternativa depende da solução dos problemas relacionados com a baixa produção de alevinos. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido no Instituto de Acuicultura de Los Llanos/Universidad de Los Llanos (Villavicencio, Colômbia). No experimento I, testaram-se, durante 24 horas, diferentes tipos de alimentos vivos como primeira alimentação das pós-larvas de yamú: náuplios de Artemia sp., zooplâncton silvestre, larvas de pirapitinga (Piaractus brachypomus) e também pós-larvas mantidas em jejum. O alimento que ofereceu melhores resultados em ganho de peso e comprimento total foi as larvas de pirapitinga No experimento II, durante 15 dias, comparou-se o desempenho na alevinagem de pós-larvas estocadas imediatamente em viveiros, após início da alimentação exógena com aquelas estocadas depois de receber manejo da primeira alimentação, com larvas de pirapitinga. Além disso, através da análise dos conteúdos estomacais e do zooplâncton disponível na coluna da água foi determinada a seletividade alimentar das pós-larvas e alevinos de yamú, mediante o índice de Seletividade de Chesson. Ao final da alevinagem a sobrevivência do tratamento submetido ao manejo da primeira alimentação foi bem maior (74,1%) quando comparada com aquela que não recebeu este manejo (13,4%). Os grupos de zooplâncton mais consumidos pelas pós-larvas e alevinos de yamú foram cladóceros e copépodos, apresentando seletividade positiva durante toda alevinagem pelos cladóceros. Na última semana da alevinagem, no tratamento onde houve maior sobrevivência, o consumo de ração foi importante, constituindo 60% dos conteúdos estomacais, sendo seu consumo insignificante no tratamento com baixa sobrevivência e portanto com menor competição alimentar.
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Tolobekova, Aijan. "Analyse der Tier-Umwelt-Interaktionen bei Yaks (Bos grunniens) im kirgisichen Hochgebirge." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/20571.
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Yaks sind sehr gut an die Umweltbedingungen des kirgisischen Hochgebirges angepasst und sind seit Jahrhunderten ein Bestandteil dieses Ökosystems. Politische und wirtschaftliche Veränderungen haben in den letzten 60 Jahren dazu geführt, dass die Yakbestände in Kirgistan zurückgegangen sind. Seit einigen Jahren gibt es Bestrebungen diese wiederaufzubauen. Dabei müssen die ökologischen Ansprüche der alpinen Landschaft berücksichtigt werden. Das Ziel der Arbeit bestand darin, in einem engen zeitlichen Raster, das Verhalten der Yaks im Herdenverband zu analysieren, die Lebendmasseentwicklung von Yakfärsen im Zusammenhang mit dem saisonalen Einfluss zu untersuchen und den Weideertrag zu schätzen. Dazu wurden im Osten Kirgistans Verhaltensuntersuchungen an 12 Yakkühen durchgeführt sowie die Lebendmasseentwicklung von 20 Yakfärsen analysiert. Für die Analyse der Vegetation wurden 10 Plots genutzt.
Das Habitatsverhalten der Yaks ist von verschiedenen Faktoren abhängig, die vor allem im Zusammenhang mit dem großen Weidegebiet stehen: die Variation im Futterangebot, die geografischen Gegebenheiten sowie die Witterungsverhältnisse. Die Untersuchungen zeigten, dass das Verhalten der Yaks stark durch die Jahreszeiten beeinflusst wird. Das bezieht sich auf die Nutzung von Flächen und Höhenlagen sowie auf das Bewegungsverhalten. Es zeigte sich, dass bestimmte Weideareale permanent stärker frequentiert werden. Die Lokomotion der Yaks ist im Winter stärker ausgeprägt als im Sommer. Die Vegetationsanalyse weist darauf hin, dass Ertrag und Futterwert der Weidepflanzen, eindeutig durch die Höhenlage beeinflusst werden. Die Untersuchungen zur Lebendmasseentwicklung zeigten den gravierenden Einfluss der Jahreszeiten und damit des Futterangebotes auf die Lebendmasseentwicklung der Yakfärsen.
Ein detailliertes Wissen über das Verhalten von Yaks kann dazu beitragen, die Bewirtschaftung von Hochgebirgsweideflächen zu verbessern und vorhandene Ressourcen schonend und nachhaltig zu nutzen.Yaks are very well adapted to the environmental conditions of the Kyrgyz high mountains and have been part of this ecosystem for centuries. Political and economic changes over the past 60 years have led to a decline in yak stocks in Kyrgyzstan. For some years, there have been efforts to rebuild them, to this end the ecological demands of the alpine landscape must be taken into account. Within this context, the objectives of the PhD – thesis were to analyse the behaviour of the yaks in the herd, to investigate the development of the body weight of yak heifers in connection with the seasonal influence and to estimate the grazing yield in a tight time grid. In the eastern part of Kyrgyzstan, 12 yak cows were selected for the behavioural studies and 20 yaks heifers for the development of the body weight. For the analysis of the vegetation, 10 plots were used. The habitat behaviour of the yaks depends on various factors, which are mainly related to the large grazing area: the variation in the forage supply, the different geographical conditions as well as the weather conditions. The investigations showed that the behaviour of the animals is strongly influenced by the seasons, specifically regarding use of areas and altitudes; as well as to exercise behaviour. It was found that certain pastures are permanently more frequented than others. The locomotion of the yaks is more pronounced in winter than in summer. The research on the development of the body weight showed the serious influence of the seasons and thus of the food supply on the development of the yak heifers. Results showed that body growth takes place despite the losses in winter. The vegetation analysis indicates that the yield and feed value of the pasture plants are clearly influenced by the altitude. A detailed knowledge of the behaviour of yaks can help to improve the management of high mountain pastures and thus to use the available resources sparingly and sustainably.
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Li, Min. "Immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides from garlic and Chinese yam." Thesis, University of Macau, 2017. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3690874.
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Oagile, Otsoseng. "African yam bean : morphology, clonal propagation and nitrogen fixation." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12946/.
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Morphological and growth observations made on landraces of African yam bean (AYB) used in this study confirm that this species is the most morphologically variable in the genus (Potter, 1992). Morphological characters such as seed colour, stem colour, internode length, leaf size and number of leaves per plant were found to vary between landraces. Growth and development was controlled by both genotype and environment. Flowering was observed only when plants were grown at 25°C, rather than at 30°C, with a 12 h photoperiod. Tuber formation occurred only in AYBS and not in other landraces. Growth rates differed between landraces and between environments with plants grown in the soil displaying faster growth than those grown in pots. The response to the environment (pot and soil experiment) differed between landraces, i.e. AYB1 performed better than AYB2 in the pot experiment, whereas it was surpassed by AYB2 in the soil experiment. Clonal propagation protocols were developed using nodal explants/propagules to reproduce material with a high level of genetic uniformity from existing shoot meristems. Clonal propagation was investigated using macro (leafy stem cuttings) and micro (in vitro propagation from nodal stem segments) approaches. Axenic shoot cultures have been achieved from stem nodal segments sterilised with 10% "Domestos" bleach and grown in MS-based medium fortified with cytokinins. Amongst the cytokinins used, BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) was found to be more suitable than TDZ (N-phenyl-N'-1,2,3thidiazol-5-ylurea) and 2iP (6-(y, y-dimethylallylamino)purine) at both culture establishment and shoot multiplication stages, although optimisation of the protocol for shoot multiplication requires further study. There was persistent callus proliferation at both the establishment/initiation of cultures and the multiplication stage and the use of other plant growth regulators, such as GA3 (Gibberellic acid) and TIBA (2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid), known to counter callus growth in cultures, did not give positive results. Although in vitro adventitious root formation was erratic, some shoots were able to root when exposed to auxins (IBA [indole-3-butyric acid] and NAA [αnaphthaleneacetic acid]) and were established in compost. IBA was preferable to NAA, as it induced more root formation. Overall, AYB cuttings produced adventitious roots relatively easily with or without auxins. Auxins at low concentrations induced rapid formation of roots in high numbers. Unlike in vitro rooting, adventitious rooting of cuttings was as high as 100% without any auxin treatment, suggesting a possibility of other factors involved in the rooting process in vitro. A cheap source of nitrogen for AYB is in the form of biological nitrogen fixation. AYB nodulated profusely with strains of both a slow growing Bradyrhizobium sp. and a fast growing Rhizobium sp., plants forming nitrogen fixing nodules with strains ORS302, CP279 and NGR234. Nitrogen fixed from the atmosphere accounted for 79-98% of the plant nitrogen and supported plant growth by an increase of up-to 1547% of dry matter in shoots.
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Green, Kim Rebecca. "Studies on the epidemiology and control of yam anthracnose." Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359525.
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Tanaka, Tsuyoshi, Iwao Kawabe, and Yasuhiro [et al ]. Hirahara. "Geochemical survey of the Sanage-yama area in Aichi Prefecture for environmental assessment." Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Nagoya University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/2818.
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Hu, Hsien-Te, and 胡賢德. "The Physicochemical Properties of Different Yam Starches：A Study of Yams at Yangmingshan." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49262907087798503198.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中國文化大學
生活應用科學研究所
96
Yam is a perennial vine plant. It has been the healthy food and raw material for medicine since the old times. It can be the important tuber crop for food, medicine, and health. This research wants to regard five cultivars of yams, Tainung No.1（D.alata L.）,Tainung No.2（D.alata L.）,Keelung yam（D.japonic var.）, YangMingShan Native（D.alata L.）, MinJianChangHong（D.alata L. var.）planting in the area of YangMingShan as test materials. The starch of yam was extracted and the difference in the general contents、physicochemical properties and pasting behaviors among different cultivars of yam starch was studied. Research shows the particle size and shapes of yam starch mostly for the ellipse or mixed with the round or triangular. The X-ray diffraction patterns showed that the other cultivars of yams were B-type, except Keelung yam was C-type. The varieties of D.alata L. showed a low content of crude protein, fiber and ash, and high starch should be presented. The amylose contents of five yam starches were ranged between 23.9 to 32.22％ and the phosphate contents of five yam starches were ranged between 205.33 to 498.00 ppm. The amylose and phosphate contents of the same D.alata L. yam starches were different. Because the crystallization, amylose and phosphate contents of yam starches among D.alata L., D.japonic var. and D.alata L. var. were different, cause that the solubility、swelling power、pasting behaviors and texture became to be different. The physicochemical properties showed that D.alata L. starch had higher solubility, swelling power, hardness, gumminess, chewiness and lower gelatinization temperature , enthalpy. The D.alata L. starch had bad level of storage.
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liou, Lan-How, and 劉厚蘭. "Studies on the Physicochemical Properties of Yams and Boxthorn and the development of Yams Boxthorn noodle." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26239667394062382032.
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碩士國立中興大學
食品科學系
91
Abstract The study is to develop the yam —boxthorn noodles by mixing the wheat flour, yam and boxthorn after the processes of freezing-dring and milling. The object of this study is to evaluate the products physicochemical properties, antioxidant and the sensory evaluation. The result of the ingredients analysis from the product showed the protein of the boxthorn was the highest and also yam power and boxthorn contained more vit.c compared with wheat flour. The data from Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA) analysis showed the final viscosity from yam starch is the highest but that of wheat flour is the lowest. Besides, from the analysis of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), It showed the pasting temperature and the enthalpy of yam starch are higher but those of wheat starch ate lower. By comparing the data of the analysis of physiochemical properties from the blank and testing yam—boxthorn noodles, we could find the cooked moisture content of the testing uncooked and dried yam—boxthorn noodles are higher. On the other hand, with the amount of boxthorn increasing, the pH value and cooked moisture content of the noodles were decreasing but the cooking loss was increasing. The analysis of texture from the uncooked yam —boxthorn noodles showed there was no obvious difference between hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness when the uncooked yam —boxthorn noodles were tested. However, if the amount of boxthorn was increasing but quantity of the yam powder was decreasing, the hardness, gumminess and chewiness decreased, but still there was no obvious change between springiness and cohesiveness. It was decreasing for the hardness of testing samples from each receipt after water boiling with the amount of the boxthorn increasing and amount of the yam powder decreasing. But, the cohesiveness, chewiness and gumminess except springiness were all higher for receipt two. By comparing the data of the analysis of TPA from the blank and testing yam —boxthorn noodles, we could find the analysis of texture of the testing cooked and dried yam —boxthorn noodles are higher. The result of testing sensory evaluation from comsumers showed the appearance, the tissue, the viscosity, the springiness and the flavor of uncooked noodles were more acceptable than those of dried noodles. Based on the experiment of antioxidant, it showed the product of yam—boxthorn noodles had higher antioxidant activity than that of white noodles. From the study we can know the yam and the boxthorn have antioxidant ability and the flavor of the product can be accepted for the public. Therefore, this product can be wildly distributed in the future. Key words: yam, boxthorn, noodle, antioxidant.
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易峻賢. "Immunomodulatory Activities of Mucopolysaccharides from Red Yams (Dioscorea spp.)." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77058421754705843392.
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碩士國立嘉義大學
生化科技學系研究所
98
The tubers of Dioscorea spp. have been used for preserve human’s health in China, Japan and some East Asia countries. Previous research indicated their function materials include anthocyanin and storage protein. The present study aimed to evaluate the immunomodulatory potentials of the polysaccharides extracted from the tubers of Tai-Nong No. 5 yam (TN5) and Ming-Jen yam (MJ). Both yams had 80% of DPPH radical scavenging activities at 1000 μg/ml extracted by ethanol. Mucopolysaccharides were purified by Sephacryl S-200 chromatography, but the molecular weights were not yet determined. By sulfate phenol test and DNS test, the mucopolysaccharide contents of TN5 and MJ yams were 4.6 and 8.3 mg in 10 g of tuber sample, respectively. Mucopolysaccharide-rich extract was examined for the ability to induce secretary and cellular responses in murine mouse BALB/c (Raw264.7) macrophage. The results showed that mucopolysaccharide was able to comparably up-regulate the phenotypic functions of macrophages such NO production and cytokine expression with 10 and 100 μg/ml for each yam during 18 to 24 hr. Both mucopolysaccharide extract of TN5 and MJ yam promoted NO up-regulation of Raw264.7 macrophage to 16.9 μM and 28.8 μM at 18 hr, respectively. Among cytokine genes assayed by RT-PCR, IL-1β was found to be significantly up-regulated. The protein expression of IL-1β was also observed 6 hr after treatment of MJ yam extract. According to this research, red yams had the immunomodulatory activities, and could be applied for the development of functional food.
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Pan, Sue-Yu, and 潘書毓. "The Total Phenol and Antioxidant Properties in Taiwanese Yams and The Effects of Processing." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83707294827394300181.
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碩士中國文化大學
生活應用科學研究所
91
Browning is commonly observed in cut surfaces of yams. Tubers of some varieties are more sensitive to browning than others. It is a great deal of interest in which parameters are responsible for browning. This study was undertaken to attain the following aims: (1) to evaluate the influences of total phenol and of the activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in fourteen cultivars of Taiwanese yams on browning; (2) to determine the antioxidant properties in these yam tubers; (3) to investigate the effect of food processing on total phenol retention and on antioxidant properties. Yam tuber purees were submitted to incubate at 30ºC during 8 hours. Through spectrocolorimetric measurements, the color development of yam puree was expressed as browning index (BI) and lightness difference (∆L). According to the value of BI, the 14 cultivars of fresh yams could be clustered into 3 groups: (1) BI > 40: Yang-Ming-Shan Native and Jung-Guo-Chang; (2) 15 > BI > 25: Heng-chuen, Kee-lung yellow, Kee-lung white and Ja-I; (3) BI < 10: Tai-Nung 1, Tai-Nung 2, Da-san 2, Da-san 3, Yang-Ming-Shan white, Yang-Ming-Shan red, and Hua-lian 3. The tubers with greater ∆L (20 ~ 24) were Kee-lung yellow and Hua-lian 3, on the contrary, Tai-Nung 2 and Da-san 2 were with lesser ∆L (5 ~ 6). Found in the most yam tubers, the values of ∆BI as well as ∆L increased by increasing incubation time. When these values were plotted versus incubation time, it was observed that the curve of browning followed a linear correlation (r2 > 0.7, p < 0.05) within the first hour and then reached a plateau. The browning development was analyzed in relation to the total phenol and to the PPO activity. Of the analyzed variables, the influences on browning were insignificant (r2 = 0.288, p < 0.05). It might be complicated parameters leading to browning. The highest content of total phenol (55 mg/100g dry matter) was analyzed in white tuber of Yang-Ming-Shan Native. The content varied between 10 and 38 mg/100g dry matter in 11 cultivars. Yang-Ming-Shan white contained smallest number of total phenol (6 mg/100g dry matter). It was worthy of note that abundant total phenol (116 mg/100g dry matter) presented in a particular cultivar with purple flesh, Ming-jiang-chang-hung. Antioxidant properties of methanol extracts from yam tubers were determined by using four evaluation systems: radical scavenging activity on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Fe++-chelating effect, reducing power and inhibition on formation of conjugate diene. At a concentration of 10 mg/ml, all test yams have shown antioxidant ability and there were significant differences among them. Yang-Ming-Shan Native scavenged about 90% DPPH radical, which was comparable to BHT (100 ppm). The other yam extracts have exerted on scavenging DPPH in the range of 10 to 85%. In term of Fe++-chelating effect, Tai-Nung 2 showed the strongest activity (94%) among cultivars and no significant difference from the known cheating agent, EDTA (97% at 1000 ppm) at p < 0.05. The cheating powers of the remainder 12 cultivars were in the range of 40% to 90%, whereas that of Kee-lung yellow was 25%. Reducing power was expressed as the absorbance value at 700 nm (A700). The higher A700 represented stronger reducing power. Yang-Ming-Shan white showed a highest value of 0.54 among all cultivars, nevertheless, which was only one fifth of that of ascorbic acid (2.43 at 100 ppm). Comparison with BHT (62% at 100 ppm), yams possessed lesser inhibitory effect on formation of conjugate diene. Ming-jiang-chang-hung showed significantly higher suppression (46%) than the other yams. The results obtained from the antioxidant assay were insignificantly correlated to the amount of total phenol. It indicated that other compositional variables also contributed to its antioxidant properties. Minimal processing included operations such as washing, peeling, slicing, and freeze-drying, which resulted in minor loss of total phenol. Blanching, heating and drying processes caused the loss of total phenols to a great different extent. Also, there were significant differences in antioxidant activity among processed yam tubers. It has shown that radical scavenging activity was in parallel with total phenol retention in processed yams.
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Shen, Chia-Chi, and 沈嘉琪. "Studies on Antioxidation and Antimutagenicity of Lactic Acid Fermented Yams and Their Biological Activity on Mammalian Cells." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30738467430465465871.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立海洋大學
食品科學系
91
Three groups lactic acid bacteria (LAB), group A: Lb. plantarum CCRC10069 and CCRC12250, group B: Lb. plantarum CCRC12250 and Lc. lactis CCRC12315, and group C: Lb. plantarum CCRC12250 and Lc. lactis CCRC12315, fermented 2% aqueous solution of four yams (Keelung, Chidu, Mingjian, and Tainung No. 2). The antioxidation and antimutagenicity characteristics of these four fermented yams and their effects on the biology activity on mammalian cells were studied. In the fermentation experiments of four 2% yams aqueous solutions showed LAB count were 8.2-8.5 log CFU/mL. Fermented yams solution were treated with 50 unit a-amylase, b-cellulase, and a-amylase/b-cellulase, the LAB count can be raised to 8.7-8.9 log CFU/mL. In the antioxidative effect as measurement on inhibition of hemoglobin-induced linoleic acid oxidantion, four fermented yams solution with 10 mg/mL concentration obtained antioxidative activity > 90% inhibition that was better than the four yams aqueous solution without fermentation. While four yams aqueous solution were pretreated with polysaccharide-digesting enzymes and followed by fermention with group A, B, or C LAB, the inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation were decreased to 58-90%. As to the ability of chelating on Fe (II) ion, the results indicated that four yams fermented products performed 60-95% chelating effect on Fe (II) ion. When four yams aqueous solutions were pretreated with polysaccharide-digesting enzymes, their ability on chelating Fe (II) ion were decreased to 50-81%. The ability for scavenging DPPH free radical was examined, and the results showed that no matter treated with or without polysaccharide-digesting enzyme, the four yams fermented products present 10-18% scavenging ability on DPPH free radicals. The results on the toxicity and mutagenicity tests showed no significant difference. The inhibition of Sal. typhimurium reversion induced by 4NQO performed by Mingjian yam fermented by group B LAB and Tainung No. 2 yam fermented by C group LAB were both 61.2%. Four yams fermented products showed inhibition on Sal. typhimurium TA98 reversion that induced by B[a]P, the antimutagenicity observed were 33.6-48.7%. Chidu yam was pretreated with 50 unit b-cellulase and then group C LAB inhibition effect on Sal. typhimurium TA100 mutation that induced by 4NQO, Tainung No. 2 yam aqueous solution pretreated with 50 unit a-amylase/b-cellulase group B LAB have good performance on inhibiting Sal. typhimurium TA100 mutation with induced by B[a]P, the antimutagenicity observed was 87.1%. The growth-promotion or -inhibition ability of four yams fermented to immuno-cells line, HL-60, UMФ, THP-1, and HB4C5, showed no significant difference to the control groups. Chidu yam fermented by group A LAB could decrease the viability of K562 cell after 24 hours incubation. The results on DNA fragmentation experiment indicate that the cause of the death of K562 cell could be apoptosis.