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Journal articles on the topic 'Yams'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 February 2023

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1

Siqueira, MVBM. "Yam: a neglected and underutilized crop in Brazil." Horticultura Brasileira 29, no. 1 (March 2011): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-05362011000100003.

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In Brazil current studies and investments on yams are incipient. Similarly, the literature in recent decades lacks adequate information on this group of plants. The existing literature, on its turn, requires more than ever to be revised and organized. Yams have joined the so-called "neglected" group of crops for several reasons, but particularly because they are associated with poor and traditional communities. Many vegetables introduced in Brazil during the colonization period have adapted to different cropping systems, yams being an excellent example. This diversity resulted very widespread, yet poorly recognized in the country. In turn, the gardens using traditional farming systems continue to maintain and enhance yam local varieties. Studies from other countries, with an emphasis on characterization and genetic breeding, brought to light an urgent need for Brazil to invest in yams as a food rich in carbohydrates, even to the point of alterations in food public policy. Reversal of the yam's current stigma is both a challenge to the scientific community and to the population as a whole. This paper aims to raise pertinent questions about Dioscorea species, an important key group for many communities in tropical countries, yet still unrecognized as so in Brazil.

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2

Ackermann, Klaus. "Utilisation of wild growing yams as supplementary nutrition and its impact on the dry forest ecosystem in north-western Madagascar." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 155, no. 3-4 (March 1, 2004): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2004.0080.

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Wild growing yams (Dioscorea spp.) are an important supplementary food in Madagascar, especially during periods of rice shortage in the rainy season. Yams grow in dry forests and there is a particularly high occurrence of yam tubers in recently burned, open secondary forest formations. The study found that the uncontrolled harvest of yams can contribute to the degradation of dry forests due to the high quantity of wild yams harvested by the local population and the widespread practice of intentionally burning forests to increase yams production.

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3

Mauti, Godfrey O., Peter F. Kasigwa, Joan J. E. Munissi, and Justus M. Onguso. "Antioviposition and Reduction of Callosobruchus chinensis Pic. 1902 (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) Emergence on Phaseolus vulgaris by Dioscorea sansibarensis Powder and Its Chemical Composition." Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 2020 (November 11, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3298479.

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Callosobruchus chinensis causes damage to the Phaseolus vulgaris seeds. Traditionally, Dioscorea sansibarensis serves as a medicinal plant. Naturally, D. sansibarensis has toxins that protect against herbivores and the surrounding invasive plants in its natural habitat. Phytochemical analysis by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and laboratory experiments was carried out to determine the activity of D. sansibarensis leaves, bulbils, and yams powders on antioviposition and inhibition of the F1 emergence of C. chinensis. Bioassay data were subjected to nonparametric (Kolmogorov–Smirnov) statistical analysis and a generalized linear model at P ≤ 0.05 . Statistically, the powders had an antioviposition activity of 34.3% (R2 = 0.343). A recommendable activity on antioviposition was displayed by the yams powder; treatment by 0.8 g of yams powder had a Wald Chi-Square value of 1.291, P = 0.26 . Inhibition of F1 emergence was significantly attained by the yams powder; the treatment by 0.6 g of yams powder had a Wald Chi-Square value of 7.72, P = 0.01 . Statistically, the bulbils powder displayed low antioviposition and inhibition of F1 emergence. Observations on the TLC exposed compounds with similar Rf values; saponin with an Rf value of 0.72 was portrayed in the leaves, bulbils, and yams. A terpenoid and a flavonoid with Rf values of 0.37 and 0.71, respectively, were observed in bulbils and yams but absent in leaves. A terpenoid with an Rf value of 0.49 was visualized in leaves and bulbils but not in the yams powder. The study concluded that the D. sansibarensis yams and leaves powders are viable for application by the farmers in the protection of stored legumes against attack by C. chinensis. However, there may be other diverse interests in other storage insects and other methods of phytochemical analysis that have not been investigated.

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4

Butcher, James. "Candied Yams." Cream City Review 42, no. 2 (2018): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ccr.2018.0060.

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5

Wumbei, Abukari, Judith Kania Asibi Bawa, Mamudu Abunga Akudugu, and Pieter Spanoghe. "Absence of Effects of Herbicides Use on Yam Rots: A Case Study in Wulensi, Ghana." Agriculture 9, no. 5 (May 2, 2019): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9050095.

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Yam farmers in Ghana have, over the years, used herbicides for weed control, particularly glyphosate. Although this has been helpful to them, there are complaints and concerns, among the yam farmers and a section of the public, that the yam tuber rots easily under the use of herbicides. This study, therefore, was set up at the field level to investigate the possibility of herbicides use causing yam rot. Two yam varieties, “laribako” and “olodo”, were grown under the conditions of chemical weed control (use of glyphosate) and manual weed control in three replicate sites in Wulensi in the Nanumba traditional area of northern Ghana. The study revealed that there was no difference in rots between herbicide treated yams and manually weeded yams, but that there was a difference in rots between “laribako” and “olodo” yam varieties. The results also showed that there was no difference in yield between herbicide treated yams and manually weeded yams. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that, there was no difference in yam rot and yield between herbicides treated and manually weeded yams, but “laribako” was more susceptible to rot than “olodo”.

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6

Vernier, P., G. C. Orkwor, and A. R. Dossou. "Studies on Yam Domestication and Farmers' Practices in Benin and Nigeria." Outlook on Agriculture 32, no. 1 (March 2003): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000003101294244.

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This paper combines the results of surveys carried out between 1995 and 2001 in Benin and Nigeria on farmers' practices in connection with the domestication of yams (Dioscorea rotundata), which is still an active process in West Africa. In Benin more than 500 yam producers belonging to four major yam-producing ethnic groups (Bariba, Mahi-Fon, Nago and Yom) and nearly 300 farmers in six different states of Nigeria were interviewed. The knowledge of wild yams is still alive even among farmers who have never domesticated yam. In the two countries the techniques described are very similar and the domesticated wild yams belong either to D. abyssinica in the northern part of the studied area (drier savanna zone) or to D. praehensilis in the southern part (humid savanna). The percentage of farmers who are domesticating or have recently domesticated yams varies from 3–14%. The domestication process mainly leads to early maturing cultivars, which are produced in double-harvest systems. The practice of domestication is decreasing, especially in the regions where commercial yam production is well developed.

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7

Wolff, Simon P. "Yams and poisons." Nature 365, no. 6446 (October 1993): 580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/365580a0.

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8

CRAUFURD, P. Q., R. J. SUMMERFIELD, R. ASIEDU, and P. V. VARA PRASAD. "DORMANCY IN YAMS." Experimental Agriculture 37, no. 2 (April 2001): 147–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001447970100206x.

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The tubers of yam, principally those of Dioscorea rotundata (white Guinea yam) and D. alata (water or greater yam), are important staple foods and sources of carbohydrate in West Africa. Yams are grown in diverse environments – from the high-rainfall forest zone on the coast to the seasonally arid savannas of West Africa, that is in situations in which the duration and the timing of the onset of the growing season vary appreciably. Dormancy in both underground and aerial tubers of the Dioscoreaceae is an important adaptive mechanism that helps to maintain organoleptic quality during storage and also ensures that tubers germinate at the start of the growing season. Plant breeders are especially keen to manipulate the duration of the dormant period in order to synchronize growth periods and, therefore, to produce more than one generation per year. The control of tuber dormancy, however, is poorly understood. This review examines critically those factors that affect tuber initiation, dormancy and sprouting, and makes recommendations for future priorities in research.

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9

Mirkin, G. "Estrogen in yams." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 265, no. 7 (February 20, 1991): 912b—912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.265.7.912b.

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10

Mignouna, H. D., M. M. Abang, R. Asiedu, and R. Geeta. "Yam (Dioscorea) Husbandry: Cultivating Yams in the Field or Greenhouse." Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2009, no. 11 (November 1, 2009): pdb.prot5324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot5324.

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11

Gray, J. Patrick. "Growing Yams and Men:." Journal of Homosexuality 11, no. 3-4 (January 28, 1986): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j082v11n03_04.

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12

Otoo, Emmanuel. "Yam Breeding in Ghana." Journal of Agricultural Science 9, no. 10 (September 13, 2017): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n10p122.

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CSIR-Crops Research Institute of Ghana is the National Centre of Specialization (NCOs) for Root and Tuber Crops and migrating into a Regional Centre of Excellence (RCOE) in Root and Tuber research in the West African sub-region. Yam is one of the major root and tuber crops of importance in the sub-region and for that matter the NCOS. Even though yams are indigenous to the West African sub-region, with the exception of Dioscorea alata (Asiatic origin), yams are often aptly described as an orphan crop due to the relatively little research effort compared to its significance in the sub-region in particular and the world at large. Breeding of yams therefore can be a challenge due to little literature available on the subject matter. This paper looks at the historic perspective, what can be done presently and projects into future direction of yam breeding in Ghana and the world at large. It also serves as a guide for yam breeding in particular and root and tuber crops in general.

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13

Agyei-Amponsah, Joyce, Mavis Owureku-Asare, Wisdom Agbemavor, Jonathan Armah, Abena Okyere, Elvis Baidoo, Solomon Dowuona, and Charles Tortoe. "Quality Characteristics of Pre-treated Yam Chips Produced from Irradiated Yams." British Journal of Applied Science & Technology 4, no. 36 (January 10, 2014): 5045–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bjast/2014/13081.

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14

Aluko, O. B., and O. A. Koya. "Some engineering properties of yam setts from two species of yams." Journal of Food Engineering 76, no. 3 (October 2006): 396–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.05.051.

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15

COURSEY, D. G. "Low temperature injury in yams." International Journal of Food Science & Technology 3, no. 2 (June 28, 2007): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1968.tb01449.x.

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16

Slauson, Sherilyn D., Bernard Miller, and Ludwig Rebenfeld. "Physicochemical Properties of Sized Yams." Textile Research Journal 55, no. 3 (March 1985): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051758505500309.

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17

ONAYEMI, O., A. OJO, and V. O. ADETUNJI. "PEELING OF YAMS FOR PROCESSING." Journal of Food Processing and Preservation 9, no. 3 (September 1985): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4549.1985.tb00717.x.

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18

Rudo, Anna, Hans-Ullrich Siehl, Klaus-Peter Zeller, Stefan Berger, and Dieter Sicker. "Diosgenin aus Yams als Hormonvorstufe." Chemie in unserer Zeit 49, no. 6 (October 16, 2015): 372–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.201500723.

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19

Techen, Natascha, Iffat Parveen, and Ikhlas A. Khan. "A single molecular marker to distinguish between species of Dioscorea." Genome 60, no. 3 (March 2017): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2015-0105.

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Yams are species of the genus Dioscorea (family Dioscoreaceae), which consists of approximately 630 species. The majority of the world production of yams occurs in Africa with 58.8 million t annually, but they are also produced in the Americas and Asia. The saponins in yams have been reported to possess various properties to improve health. The tuber and aerial parts of various species often share morphological similarities, which can cause problems in the proper identification of sample material. For example, the rootstocks and aerial parts of Dioscorea villosa L. share similarities with Dioscorea polystachia Turcz. Dioscorea bulbifera L. may be mistaken for Dioscorea alata L. owing to similar morphologies. Various molecular analyses have been published to help with the identification of species and varieties within the genus Dioscorea. The multi-loci or single-locus analysis has resulted in varying success, some with only a limited discrimination rate. In the present study, a single nuclear genomic region, biparentally inherited, was analyzed for its usefulness as a molecular marker for species identification and discrimination between D. bulbifera, D. villosa, D. nipponica, D. alata, D. caucasica, and D. deltoidea samples. The results of this study show that the LFY genomic region can be useful as a molecular marker to distinguish between samples.

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20

Zeng, Rong, Wensheng Fang, Xinshen Li, Shuijin Huang, Xi Wang, Qingyou Zhou, Qiuxia Wang, Aocheng Cao, Yang Sun, and Juling Hua. "Uniform Root Layer Application at Optimal Timing Can Effectively Improve Root-Knot Nematode Disease Control in Rui Yam." Agriculture 12, no. 12 (November 28, 2022): 2031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12122031.

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Root-knot nematode disease seriously threatens the production of Rui yams, making it important to explore effective management strategies, including the optimal time for disease control and efficient application techniques. In this study, we monitored the dynamics of a root-knot nematode J2 population in the soil using field sampling; moreover, we investigated the dynamics of root-knot nematode disease using a field sampling and visual in situ device based on identifying species of root-knot nematodes in Rui yams. Additionally, experiments pertaining to optimal application time and techniques were conducted in Ruichang and Nanchang. This is the first study to propose that chemical control should be optimally timed, with one application administered at the time of yam seedling flush, and another given approximately 60 days later. Applications of a 41.7% fluopyram suspension (1426 g.a.i./hm2) and a 30% fosthiazate microencapsulated suspension (2925 g.a.i./hm2) achieved disease control effects of 81.56–83.15% and 75.95–78.42%, respectively. Additionally, the comparative analysis demonstrated that using uniform root layer application technology at the optimal time produces a control effect exceeding 80%, which is significantly higher than conventional techniques such as drip irrigation and root irrigation. These results provide theoretical and technical support for the efficient control of root-knot nematode disease in Rui yams.

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21

Morse, Stephen, and Nora McNamara. "Pesticide residues in seed yams produced using the adaptive Yam Minisett Technique." Journal of Crop Improvement 34, no. 5 (April 19, 2020): 644–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2020.1755922.

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22

Ananto, Ananto. "Several Shoot Of Cassava Plants." Jurnal Agrium 16, no. 1 (April 9, 2019): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/agrium.v16i1.1340.

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Research on Various Connections of Manihot esculenta crant for thepurpose of obtaining good quality cassava seeds and increasing farmers' income,especially cassava farmers. This study was compiled based on a completerandomized design (CRD) with four treatment levels and three replications ofeach replication consisting of four treatments, consisting of control (A),connecting local cinnamon yams with yellow cassava (B), connecting localcinnamon yams with plain cassava (C), connecting local sweet potatoes withelephant cassava (D). The variables observed were weight of fresh tuber weight(kg), number of tubers (fruit), longest tuber length (cm). Splicing using localcassava rootstock with elephant cassava stem (D), gives a better influence onfresh tuber weight (6.89 kg), tuber number (20.67 pieces) and longest tuber length (63.55 cm).Key words: Cassava, shoots, Varieties

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23

Vivek, Singaravelan, and Segar Prakash. "Analysis of nutrient composition and phytochemicals of wild yams Dioscorea pentaphylla L. and Dioscorea oppositifolia Griseb." Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences 5, no. 10 (2018): 427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.051019.

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Yam is common name for the genus Dioscorea and considered as good sources of essential dietary nutrients. It has nutritional superiority over the tropical root crops. Understanding the nutritional values of yams, the nutrient contents of two yams, Dioscorea pentaphylla and Dioscorea oppositifolia have been analysed in the present study. During the study, the higher amount of moisture, crude protein, nitrogen, free sugars and buffer protein were estimated and analysed. The rich carbohydrate and calorific value, higher amount of fat and amino acids were observed in D. pentaphylla as compared to D. oppositifolia. The crude fiber and ash contents were comparatively higher in D. oppositifolia. Preliminary phytochemical analysis reveals the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenol, reducing sugars, saponins, steroids, tannins and triterpinoids in methanolic extract of both tubers.

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24

Siqueira, MVBM, WF Nascimento, LRG Silva, AB Ferreira, EF Silva, LC Ming, and EA Veasey. "Distribution, management and diversity of yam local varieties in Brazil: a study on Dioscorea alataL." Brazilian Journal of Biology 74, no. 1 (February 2014): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.17112.

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Widely spread in the tropics, yams were introduced into Brazil during the colonial period and are currently grown throughout the country. Despite its importance as a pharmacological and food source, there is a lack of studies describing how and where this tuber is grown in Brazil. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the cultivation and distribution of Dioscorea alata in different Brazilian regions. A total of 63 farmers were visited in different municipalities and communities in four regions in the country: South, Southeast, Northeast and Midwest. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect socio-economic, use, management and diversity data for this crop. The majority of interviewers were men, married, with children, using retirement benefits and agriculture as income and family labour as the main support in the yam cultivation. A wide distribution of this species was found, with the occurrence of D. alata in the four sampled regions. A variety of vernacular names for this species was collected, differing according to the region where it is cultivated. Most farmers cultivate yams in fields, however an increased usage of home gardens for the cultivation of this tuber was found. Also, most farmers cultivate yams in association with other crops in areas of different sizes and slash and burn practices, although mostly disappearing, are still being used by many farmers. The results of this study provide more concrete data on the distribution and diversity of this important crop.

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25

Oluwafemi Ajiboye, Timothy, David E. Edagbo, A. A. Alowonle, Clement Michael, Feyidara Oyewole, Adegboye S., Dickson Ighere, and Abiola O. Olaniyan. "Current Status of Yam (Dioscorea Sp) Genetic Resources-Case Study of Selected Locations in South-West Nigeria." Sumerianz Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary, no. 41 (January 29, 2021): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47752/sjav.41.7.12.

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Yam is an important tuber crop in Nigeria. Some locations in South west Nigeria (Oyo State, Ondo State, Osun State, and Ogun State) were surveyed to find out the existence and the abundance of diversity of white guinea yam (Dioscorea rotundata). It was discovered that there are also diversity in other species of landrace yams (Dioscorea cayenensis, Dioscorea alata, Dioscorea dumentorum). One unidentified species of yam was found in Ondo State. This species also exist in Osun State. Some of the yam diversities are endangered. Genetic erosion of these yam diversities is imminent because of the decline of the traditional farmers growing these diversities; also because of modern commercial farms that tend to mono-cropping of improved variety and also because of problem of storage of yams and especially ex-situ conservation of yam genetic resources of yam in Nigeria.

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26

Ko, Euisuk, Woncheol Shim, Chanwoo Kim, Hacrae Lee, Kyubae Jeon, and Jaineung Kim. "A Study on Comparison of the Quality Changes Powder Yam and Sliced Yams." KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 22, no. 2 (August 31, 2016): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20909/kopast.2016.22.2.27.

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27

Ko, Euisuk, Woncheol Shim, Chanwoo Kim, Hacrae Kim, Kyubaex Kim, and Jaineung Kim. "A Study on Comparison of the Quality Changes Powder Yam and Sliced Yams." KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 22, no. 3 (December 31, 2016): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20909/kopast.2016.22.3.27.

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28

Lingham, Gareth, Elizabeth Milne, Donna Cross, Dallas R. English, Robyn S. Johnston, Robyn M. Lucas, Seyhan Yazar, and David A. Mackey. "Investigating the long-term impact of a childhood sun-exposure intervention, with a focus on eye health: protocol for the Kidskin-Young Adult Myopia Study." BMJ Open 8, no. 1 (January 2018): e020868. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020868.

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IntroductionExcessive and insufficient sun exposure during childhood have been linked to serious diseases in later life; for example, insufficient sun exposure during childhood may increase the risk of developing myopia. The Kidskin-Young Adult Myopia Study (K-YAMS) is a follow-up of participants in the Kidskin Study, a non-randomised controlled trial that evaluated the effect of a 4-year educational intervention on sun-protection behaviours among primary school children in the late 1990s. Children who received the Kidskin intervention had lower levels of sun exposure compared with peers in the control group after 2 and 4 years of the intervention, but this was not maintained 2 years after the intervention had ceased. Thus, a follow-up of Kidskin Study participants provides a novel opportunity to investigate the associations between a childhood sun-exposure intervention and potentially related conditions in adulthood.Methods and analysisThe K-YAMS contacts Kidskin Study participants and invites them to participate using a variety of methods, such as prior contact details, the Australian Electoral Roll and social media. Self-reported and objective measures of sun-exposure and sun-protection behaviours are collected as well as a number of eye measurements including cycloplegic autorefraction and ocular biometry. Data will be analysed to investigate a possible association between myopic refractive error and Kidskin intervention group or measured sun exposure.Ethics and disseminationThe K-YAMS is approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the University of Western Australia (RA/4/1/6807). Findings will be disseminated via scientific journals and conferences.Trial registration numberACTRN12616000812392; Pre-results.

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Mambole, Isabelle Acina, Lydiane Bonheur, Laurence Svanella Dumas, Denis Filloux, Rose-Marie Gomez, Chantal Faure, David Lange, et al. "Molecular characterization of yam virus X, a new potexvirus infecting yams (Dioscorea spp) and evidence for the existence of at least three distinct potexviruses infecting yams." Archives of Virology 159, no. 12 (September 10, 2014): 3421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00705-014-2211-3.

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30

MORSE, STEPHEN, and NORA MCNAMARA. "IMPACT OF THE ADAPTED YAM MINISETT TECHNIQUE ON WARE YAM (DIOSCOREA ROTUNDATA) PRODUCTION UNDER FARMER-MANAGED CONDITIONS IN NIGERIA." Experimental Agriculture 53, no. 1 (March 11, 2016): 131–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479716000120.

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SUMMARYWhite yam (Dioscorea rotundata) is a major root crop grown throughout West Africa and a major limitation on its production is the availability of good quality (i.e. free of pests and diseases) planting material, notably seed yams. One of the methods developed to address this limitation is the Adapted Yam Minisett Technique (AYMT) and since 2012 the AYMT has been promoted in both Nigeria and Ghana via a Bill and Melinda Gates funded project entitled Yam Improvement for Income and Food Security in West Africa (YIIFSWA). While previously published studies have focussed on the agronomy of the sett-to-seed yam process, there has been no work done on the seed-to-ware yam stage which is critical in terms of farmer income and livelihood. This paper provides the first published evidence obtained under entirely farmer-managed conditions in Africa that shows seed yams produced via the AYMT can generate agronomic benefits in the water yam stage, including better germination, tuber numbers and weights.

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Vendl, Oliver, Christoph Wawrosch, Christian Noe, Carlos Molina, Günter Kahl, and Brigitte Kopp. "Diosgenin Contents and DNA Fingerprint Screening of Various Yam (Dioscorea sp.) Genotypes." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 61, no. 11-12 (December 1, 2006): 847–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2006-11-1213.

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Abstract In addition to the importance of many Dioscorea species (yams) as starchy staple food, some representatives are known and still used as a source for the steroidal sapogenin diosgenin, which, besides phytosterols derived from tall-oil, is an important precursor for partial synthesis of steroids for pharmaceutical research and applications. While in edible yams the diosgenin content should be as low as possible, a high yield of the compound is preferable for cultivars which are grown for the extraction of sterols. In the past, miscalculations and insufficiently precise techniques for quantification of diosgenin prevailed. Therefore we set out to re-evaluate the steroid content of a world collection of Dioscorea species, using leaves as sample material. We optimized diosgenin quantification techniques and fingerprinted the whole collection with the DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF) technique. Total diosgenin contents ranged from 0.04 to 0.93% of dry weight within the collection. Several Dioscorea cultivars can be characterized via their DAF fingerprint patterns.

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Dos Santos Aguiar, Francisco Ivo, Francisco Gilvan Borges Ferreira Freitas Júnior, Raiane De Sousa Andrade, and Edmilson Igor Bernado Almeida. "Feed frequency and sensory evaluation of yams." REVISTA AGRO@MBIENTE ON-LINE 13 (September 3, 2019): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.18227/1982-8470ragro.v13i0.5499.

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Several studies have highlighted the variations in consumption habits, compared to the perspectives on food, social class and lifestyles of society. Among the different food groups, underground vegetables are of great importance in human nutrition as one of the main energy sources available for food. Among them, the yam stands out for its high nutritional and energetic power. In this way, the aim was to define the frequency, consumption profile and yam preference, ‘Chinese’ and ‘São Tome’ varieties. For this, a questionnaire of socioeconomic nature, feeding frequency and sensorial evaluation was applied to 52 students of a public university. At the end of the study, it was found that 71% of the students knew the yam, but only 50% had ever consumed the vegetable. It was observed that 85% of the interviewees never or hardly ever consume the tuber, 29% do not know the vegetable and 50% never consumed. Regarding consumption reasons, 25% of the respondents chose the taste as the main reason to consume yam and only 3% consume by the appearance of the product. The interviewees had food frequency in relation to the yam, linked to the palatability of the vegetable (25%) and of the two varieties analyzed, 69% of the interviewees prefer to consume the ‘São Tome’ yam. Given the importance of food in this vegetable, it is important to stimulate consumption, especially among younger individuals, with ages ranging from 20 to 25 years.

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Sengupta, A. K., K. Sen, and A. Mukhopadhyay. "False Twist Texturization of Polypropylene Multifilament Yams." Textile Research Journal 56, no. 5 (May 1986): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051758605600501.

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34

Rodgers, James E., and Shirley Lee. "NIRA Primary Wavelength Investigations of Nylon Yams." Textile Research Journal 59, no. 9 (September 1989): 513–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051758905900904.

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35

Hammond, Paula, and Stephen Lillie. "Fruit & Veg: Y is for Yams…" Child Care 13, no. 3 (March 2, 2016): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/chca.2016.13.3.14.

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36

Kondo, Toru, Shin-ichi Fuji, Kazuo Yamashita, Dong-Kyoon Kang, and Moo-Ung Chang. "Broad bean wilt virus 2 in yams." Journal of General Plant Pathology 71, no. 6 (December 5, 2005): 441–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10327-005-0236-x.

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37

Asiedu, Robert, and Alieu Sartie. "Crops that feed the World 1. Yams." Food Security 2, no. 4 (October 21, 2010): 305–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12571-010-0085-0.

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38

Omidiji, Olusesan, and Joy Okpuzor. "Time Course ofPPO-Related Browning of Yams." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 70, no. 2 (February 1996): 190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0010(199602)70:2<190::aid-jsfa481>3.0.co;2-2.

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39

Farhat, Imad A., Tunde Oguntona, and Roger J. Neale. "Characterisation of starches from West African yams." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 79, no. 15 (December 1999): 2105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0010(199912)79:15<2105::aid-jsfa510>3.0.co;2-r.

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40

Shiwachi, H., CC Okonkwo, and R. Asiedu. "Nutrient deficiency symptoms in yams (Dioscorea spp.)." Tropical Science 44, no. 4 (December 2004): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ts.158.

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41

Sahoré, DA, and NG Amani. "Composition of wild yams of Côte d'Ivoire." Tropical Science 45, no. 3 (September 2005): 110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ts.7.

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42

Widiastuti, Vany, Erlin Ernawati, Vita Fatmadewi, Saraswati Anindyajati, and Shaaliyah Novita Faradina. "Analysis of Cyanide Content on Yams Using Spectrophotometry Methods." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry and Environment 1, no. 1 (August 9, 2018): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/ijce.v1i1.20784.

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This study aims to determine whether or not cyanide content in various species of yams in the District of Tempel, Sleman, Yogyakarta. The samples were cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), water yam (Discorea Alata), intoxicating yam (Dioscorea hispida Dennst), canna lilly (Canna discolor L), and taro (Colocasia esculenta). The qualitative test was performed by cementing the sample with aquadest and 10% tartrate acid and then covering the erlenmeyer that containing the sample with dry filter paper immersed in saturated picric acid and dampened with 8% sodium carbonate and then heating it. Quantitative tests were performed using a spectrum 20 with a wavelength of 590 nm. This quantitative test is based on forming a blue hydrindantin complex at pH 12 when cyanide is reacted with a ninhydrin complex. The results showed that in qualitative test, sample containing cyanide was indicated by the change of color of filter paper from yellow to brownish red. Quantitative results show that cyanide contained in sample as varies levels. The cyanide levels through the various species of yams were 0.1098 mg / 100g for cassava 0.049 mg/100 g for water yam, 0.1394 mg/100g for intoxing yam, 0.0896 mg/100 g for canna lilly and 0.0680 mg / 100g for taro.

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43

Eni, A. O., P. Lava Kumar, R. Asiedu, O. J. Alabi, R. A. Naidu, Jd'A Hughes, and M. E. C. Rey. "First Report of Cucumber mosaic virus in Yams (Dioscorea spp.) in Ghana, Togo, and Republic of Benin in West Africa." Plant Disease 92, no. 5 (May 2008): 833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-5-0833b.

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Yam (Dioscorea spp., family Dioscoreaceae) is one of the most important food crops cultivated in the West African yam zone comprising the forest and savannah areas of Nigeria, Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire, Republic of Benin, and Togo, which account for more than 90% of the 4.59 million ha of yam cultivation worldwide (1). A survey was conducted in 2005 to document viruses in yams in Ghana, Togo, and the Republic of Benin. Samples (1,405) from five species of yam showing mosaic, chlorosis, and stunting as well as asymptomatic plants were tested for Dioscorea bacilliform virus (DBV, genus Badnavirus), Yam mosaic virus (YMV, genus Potyvirus), and Yam mild mosaic virus (YMMV, genus Potyvirus), the three most common viruses infecting yams. In addition, samples were tested for Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), since CMV was previously reported to infect yams in Côte d'Ivoire (2) and Nigeria (3). In protein-A sandwich-ELISA with polyclonal antibodies to a cowpea isolate of CMV, 23 of the 1,405 samples (6 of 218 samples from Togo, 13 of 628 samples from Ghana, and 4 of 559 samples from Republic of Benin) tested positive for CMV. The CMV-positive samples were from D. alata (N = 16) and D. rotundata (N = 7), whereas all samples from D. cayenensis, D. dumetorum, and D. bulbifera tested negative. CMV was detected as mixed infections with DBV, YMV, or YMMV in 21 of 23 samples. Some of these samples showed puckering, chlorosis, mottling, and crinkling, whereas some plants infected by two or more viruses were asymptomatic. Only two samples from D. rotundata had a single infection of CMV and they showed mild chlorotic symptoms in young leaves that were inconspicuous in mature leaves. In sap inoculations, the virus induced systemic mosaic in Nicotiana glutinosa. The presence of CMV in ELISA-positive yam samples was further confirmed by immunocapture-reverse transcription (IC-RT)-PCR using CMV antibodies as trapping antibody and oligonucleotide primers specific for a 485 nt corresponding to 3′ end of the coat protein gene and C-terminal noncoding region of RNA-3 (4). To confirm the specificity of IC-RT-PCR, the 485-bp amplicons from an isolate from the Republic of Benin was cloned into pCR2.1 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) and three independent clones were sequenced from both orientations. Pairwise comparison of a consensus sequence (Accession No. EU274471) with corresponding sequences of other CMV isolates deposited in GenBank showed 99% identity at the nucleotide sequence level (Accession No. U22821) and revealed that the CMV isolate from yam belongs to sub-Group IA. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CMV infection in yams (D. alata and D. rotundata) in Ghana, Togo, and the Republic of Benin. Together with a previous documentation of CMV in D. alata and D. trifida in Côte d'Ivoire and Nigeria (2,3), this report adds to existing knowledge on distribution of CMV in yams with implications for yam production and germplasm distribution in the West Africa Region. References: (1) FAO. Online publication. FAOSTAT, 2007. (2) C. Fauquet and J. C. Thouvenel. Plant Viral Diseases in the Ivory Coast. ORSTROM: Documentation Techniques. Paris, 1987. (3) Jd'A. Hughes et al. Phytopathology 87:S45, 1997. (4) S. Wylie et al. Aus. J. Agric. Res. 44:41, 1993.

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Belyakov, A. V. "The Organization of Embassy Service in the Russian Lands in the Thirteenth through Sixteenth Centuries." Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences 92, S5 (September 2022): S419—S427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1019331622110053.

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Abstract The features in the development of embassy service in the Russian lands of the thirteenth through sixteenth centuries are analyzed. In particular, the circle of people such as the baksheis, begouls, kilicheis, tolmaches, and grand-prince service Tatars (Horde, delyuis, chislyaks) involved at various times in the organization and maintenance of contacts with the Golden Horde and the states that became its heirs is considered. It is concluded that many well-known components of diplomatic service have risen from the need to maintain constant contacts between the Russian principalities and the Horde khans. The terminology denoting the circle of persons involved in this service is borrowed from the official practice of the Horde. However, on Russian soil, their duties underwent evolution over time. The appearance of yams was also considered as a necessary element to ensure uninterrupted contacts between the khan and the Russian princes. Originally created to serve ambassadors and to transport tribute to the Horde, this institution has been modified with time. Observations of the distribution geography of yams in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries make it possible to determine the earliest embassy roads to the Horde.

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45

Cox, Jennifer M., and Mark N. Wetton. "Identification of the mealybug Planococcus halli Ezzat & McConnell (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) commonly occurring on yams (Dioscorea spp.) in Africa and the West Indies." Bulletin of Entomological Research 78, no. 4 (December 1988): 561–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000748530001542x.

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AbstractMultivariate analysis was used to demonstrate that specimens of Planococcus collected from yams (Dioscorea spp.) in both the West Indies and Africa can be differentiated from the similar P. ficus (Signoret) which occurs on figs, grapevines and pomegranates in the Mediterranean Basin, Pakistan, South Africa and Argentina. The specimens from yams are considered here to be a distinct species, to which the name P. halli Ezzat & McConnell is applied. Examination of material of both species reared on potato tubers at various temperatures showed that the differentiation is not a host-induced effect. Independent canonical variates analysis of the field-collected and reared material each showed clear differentiation of the two groups. However, the coefficients obtained for each character differed markedly between the analysis of the field-collected material and that of the reared material, and thus could not be used to assign individuals to groups. This difference in the values of the coefficients is considered to have been due to the peculiarities of individual populations, as the field-collected material included many genotypes while only three genotypes were represented by the reared material. A key and illustrations are provided for the separation of the two species.

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46

Kouadio, Yapo Hypolithe, Kouakou Nestor Kouassi, Kouadio Benal Kouassi, Djénébou Marie Corine Ouattara, Yao Denis N’dri, and N’Guessan Georges Amani. "Practices and damages encountered by wholesale traders during 'Kponan' yams (Dioscorea cayenensis-rotundata) storage in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 16, no. 4 (October 31, 2022): 1570–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v16i4.17.

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Yam wholesalers who practice speculative storage sometimes suffer significant losses the level of which has been little studied. Thus, this work was carried out to study the practices and deterioration factors of 'Kponan' yam during storage. To achieve this, 51 yam wholesalers in 4 communes of Abidjan (Abobo, Adjamé, Yopougon and Treichville) were interviewed using a survey form. The data showed that according to storage practices, yams are preferentially grouped by variety (100%) and old yams separately (88.2%). Wholesalers (94.1%) regulate the storage temperature either by fans (23.5%), by air openings in the wall (25.5%), or by fans and air openings in the wall (45.1%). Decay was the most common damage among all wholesalers (100%), followed by weight loss (52.9%), mold (35.3%), injury (29.4%), cracking (23.5%), and sprouting (17.6%). Heat was the main cause of yam damage, followed by moisture (82.3%), animals (31.4%), field storage conditions (17.6%), chemical use during cultivation (17.6%) and sprouting (17.6%). This study shows that the storage and temperature control techniques employed by wholesalers are far from mitigating the heat that is the main cause of damage to 'Kponan' yam (Dioscorea Cayenenis-rotundata) during storage.

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47

Aidoo, A. K., S. Arthur, G. Bolfrey-Arku, K. Osei, J. N. L. Lamptey, M. B. Mochiah, G. Ohene-Mensah, F. Frimpong, Z. Appiah-Kubi, and E. O. Danquah. "Storage rot of seed yam resulting from speargrass injuries." African Crop Science Journal 28, no. 2 (July 27, 2020): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/acsj.v28i2.6.

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Postharvest rot due to injury is a major contributing factor to the declining quality of stored seed yams (Dioscorea spp.). Among the several known injuries, the piercing effect of speargrass rhizomes has become a serious constraint for yam production in Ghana. The objective of this study was to assess injuries on seed yams resulting from piercing of speargrass rhizomes and their effects on postharvest rots in Ghana. Eighty farmer fields from Mem, Watro, Asanteboa and Abour in the Atebubu-Amantin Municipal in the Bono East Region of Ghana were screened for speargrass incidence and injury on harvested tubers, for laboratory analysis of pathogens in 2016 and 2017. The tubers were sorted into four categories of seed yam based on weight. Thirty seed yams each of two selected white yam cultivars (Dente and Kpamyo) with visible speargrass rhizome-pierced-tubers (VSRPT) and non-speargrass rhizome pierced healthy tubers (NSRPHT) were randomly selected and stored in a ban for weekly assessment of rot. The rotten tissues from the localised area of VPSRT were subjected to pathological investigations in the laboratory. The incidence of injury seemingly increased with increasing tuber weight. It was 0% for < 100 g samples and averagely 14% for > 1 kg samples, irrespective of cultivars and locations. Incidence of rot from NSRPHT sample was observed 5 weeks after storage (WAS) for both cultivars; and 2 WAS from the VSRPT sample and 40% higher than NSRPHT at 8 WAS. Eight and six known rot pathogens were isolated from the rotten tissues of VSRPT of Dente and Kpamyo, respectively. Injury from the piercing of speargrass rhizome significantly contributed to hastening of tuber rots; while tuber injury increased with increasing speargrass density. Appropriate management of speargrass is essential for commercial seed yam growers to reduce tuber damage which affects yam quality, storage and marketing. Key words: Dioscorea, postharvest, rot pathogen, speargrass rhizome

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48

Caddick, Lizabeth R., Paul Wilkin, Paula J. Rudall, Terry A. J. Hedderson, and Mark W. Chase. "Yams reclassified: a recircumscription of Dioscoreaceae and Dioscoreales." TAXON 51, no. 1 (February 2002): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1554967.

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49

Schols, Peter, Paul Wilkin, Carol A. Furness, Suzy Huysmans, and Erik Smets. "Pollen Evolution in Yams (Dioscorea: Dioscoreaceae)." Systematic Botany 30, no. 4 (October 1, 2005): 750–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1600/036364405775097743.

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50

Matsumoto, Y., I. Tsuchiya, K. Toriumi, and K. Harakawa. "Silk/Cotton/Scoured Silk Core Twin Spun Yams." Textile Research Journal 61, no. 3 (March 1991): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051759106100302.

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