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1

Qasim Mohammed Hussein, Ahmed Saadi Abdullah, and Nada Qasim Mohammed. "The efficiency of Color Models layers at Color Images as Cover in text hiding." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 21, no. 1 (2023): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v21i1.963.

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The color images are used widely as a cover in hiding of the information. Since the variety of applications of the color image there are several color models of color image. Most color models consist of three layers. The nature of the color mode of the cover plays a main role in determining the robustness and security of hiding algorithm.
 The objective of this paper tests the layers, components, of the color models of cover color images, to figure out which color layer of each color model is best (less affected) to use as a cover to hide information within each color model in the hiding process. The experiments concentrate on the hiding texts in two positions of each layer, 7th bits and 8th bits (LSB). Mean Square Error (MSE) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) were used to measure the affected of hidden text in layers. The tests were done on nine colors models: RGB, HSV, HIS, HSL, HSB, YCbCr, La*b*, LUV and CMYK.
 The results show that some of color models have best layer to hide text such as YCbCr, HSI, CMYK, HSL and LUV . In other color models which have been tested, there is not a distinctive layer. The layer H is the worst because any hiding leaves a clear impact on the cover image.
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2

Baker, Esraa Jaffar, Adil Abbas Majeed, Sundos Abdulameer Alazawi, et al. "Video steganography using 3D distance calculator based on YCbCr color components." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 24, no. 2 (2021): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v24.i2.pp831-842.

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Steganography techniques have taken a major role in the development in the field of transferring multimedia contents and communications. Therefore, field of steganography become interested as the need for security increased significantly. Steganography is a technique to hide information within cover media so that this media does not change significantly. Steganography process in a video is to hide the information from the intruder and prevent him access to that hidden information. This paper presents the algorithm of steganography in the video frames. The proposed algorithm selected the best frames to hide the message in video using 3D distance equation to increasing difficulty onto the intruder to detect and guess the location of the message in the video frames. As well as selected the best frames in this algorithm increased the difficulty and give us the best stego-video quality using structural similarity (SSIM). Also, the hash function was used to generate random positions to hide the message in the lines of video frames. The proposed algorithm evaluated with mean squared error (MSE), peak signalto-noise ratio (PSNR) and SSIM measurement. The results were acceptable and shows that is the difficulty of distinguishing the hidden message in stego-video with the human eye.
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Baker, Esraa Jaffar, Adil Abbas Majeed, Sundos Abdulameer Alazawi, et al. "Video steganography using 3D distance calculator based on YCbCr color components." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 24, no. 2 (2021): 831–42. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v24.i2.pp831-842.

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Steganography techniques have taken a major role in the development in the field of transferring multimedia contents and communications. Therefore, field of steganography become interested as the need for security increased significantly. Steganography is a technique to hide information within cover media so that this media does not change significantly. Steganography process in a video is to hide the information from the intruder and prevent him access to that hidden information. This paper presents the algorithm of steganography in the video frames. The proposed algorithm selected the best frames to hide the message in video using 3D distance equation to increasing difficulty onto the intruder to detect and guess the location of the message in the video frames. As well as selected the best frames in this algorithm increased the difficulty and give us the best stego-video quality using structural similarity (SSIM). Also, the hash function was used to generate random positions to hide the message in the lines of video frames. The proposed algorithm evaluated with mean squared error (MSE), peak signalto-noise ratio (PSNR) and SSIM measurement. The results were acceptable and shows that is the difficulty of distinguishing the hidden message in stego-video with the human eye.
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4

HIREMATH, P. S., and AJIT DANTI. "DETECTION OF MULTIPLE FACES IN AN IMAGE USING SKIN COLOR INFORMATION AND LINES-OF-SEPARABILITY FACE MODEL." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 20, no. 01 (2006): 39–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021800140600451x.

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In this paper, human faces are detected using the skin color information and the Lines-of-Separability (LS) face model. The various skin color spaces based on widely used color models such as RGB, HSV, YCbCr, YUV and YIQ are compared and an appropriate color model is selected for the purpose of skin color segmentation. The proposed approach of skin color segmentation is based on YCbCr color model and sigma control limits for variations in its color components. The segmentation by the proposed method is found to be more efficient in terms of speed and accuracy. Each of the skin segmented regions is then searched for the facial features using the LS face model to detect the face present in it. The LS face model is a geometric approach in which the spatial relationships among the facial features are determined for the purpose of face detection. Hence, the proposed approach based on the combination of skin color segmentation and LS face model is able to detect single as well as multiple faces present in a given image. The experimental results and comparative analysis demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach.
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5

Hung, Chang-Hung. "A Study of Automatic and Real-Time Table Tennis Fault Serve Detection System." Sports 6, no. 4 (2018): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports6040158.

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Calling a table tennis fault serve has never been easy for umpires, since they can only rely on their intuition. This study presents an algorithm that is able to automatically find the positions of the ball and racket in the images captured by high-speed camera. The trajectory of ball toss is analyzed and the result can be used as the objective basis for the umpire to decide if the serve is legal. This algorithm mainly consists of YCbCr color space processing, morphological processing method, circle Hough transform application, separation of moving and static components in an image sequence using the stable principal component pursuit method. The experiment results show that YCbCr color space provides better performance than HSV color space in recognizing the ball color close to skin tone. It is also demonstrated that the positions of the ball and racket can be successfully located by using the methods of color segmentation and stable principal component pursuit. Lastly, it is hoped that this study will provide more useful information regarding how to identify illegal ball toss in tennis ball game using image processing techniques to other researchers.
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Rogachev, Dmitriy, Ivan Kozlov, and Vladislav Klubnichkin. "Noise filtering of the forest site scanned by LiDAR based on YCbCr and L*a*b* color models." Forestry Engineering Journal 13, no. 4 (2024): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/8.

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Point clouds are widely used in ground-based forest scanning using LiDAR and stereo cameras. Point clouds
 often suffer from noise outliers and artifacts that distort data. Hardware accuracy and quality of the initial point cloud
 during ground scanning of a forest area can be improved by using scanners with higher expansion, as well as using
 photogrammetry or additional sensors. To eliminate noise, software methods can be used: point filtering, smoothing,
 statistical methods and reconstruction algorithms. A new approach to filtering the noise of the scanned forest area is based
 on the analysis of the values of the color components in the YCbCr- and L*a*b- spaces. The properties of the YCbCrand L*a*b-color models were investigated and threshold values for classifying points as noise or object depending on
 their distance to the centroids were determined. The use of a combined (YCbCr | L*a*b) filter on the point cloud reduced
 the number of points to 38 963 (17.41% of the original number). When calibrating the camera and LiDAR based on the
 (YCbCr | L*a*b) filter, the total average value of translation errors was 0.0247 m, rotation 6,244 degrees, reprojection
 8,385 pixels. The noise-filtering method (YCbCr | L*a*b) shows high accuracy and reliability in removing noise and
 maintaining the integrity of objects in the point cloud, which will allow the data obtained on unmanned machines to be
 used later when performing logging operations.
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7

Shamshad, Fahad, M. Mohsin Riaz, and Abdul Ghafoor. "Poisson Denoising for Astronomical Images." Advances in Astronomy 2018 (June 10, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2417939.

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A denoising scheme for astronomical color images/videos corrupted with Poisson noise is proposed. The scheme employs the concept of Exponential Principal Component Analysis and sparsity of image patches. The color space RGB is converted to YCbCr and K-means++ clustering is applied on luminance component only. The cluster centers are used for chromatic components to improve the computational efficiency. For videos, the information of both spatial and temporal correlations improves the denoising. Simulation results verify the significance of proposed scheme in both visual and quantitative manner.
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8

Hussain F. Mahdi. "AN EFFICIENT REARRANGEMENT OF DATA FOR GRAY IMAGE COMPRESSION BASED ON WAVELET TRANSFORM." Diyala Journal of Engineering Sciences 4, no. 2 (2011): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24237/djes.2011.04203.

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In this paper a new method is a proposed for gray image compression based on re-ordering the data of image before applying a wavelet transform. The advantage of converting the color image into luminance-chrominance color space is that the luminance and chrominance components are very much decorrelated between each other. Moreover, the chrominance signals contain much redundant information and can easily be subsampled without sacrificing any visual quality for the reconstructed image
 In this paper a rearrangement of the gray image data is done by dividing it into three components (similar the RGB components of the color image) and convert color space from RGB to YCbCr (Y: luminance, Cb chrominance/blue, and Cr is chrominance/red) then apply wavelet transform. This method can return information more than wavelet method therefore very good result and high PSNR are obtained when it is compared with wavelet transform
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9

Luo, Xian Zhe, Nan Run Zhou, Qing Min Zhao, and Jian Hua Wu. "Color Image Encryption Based on the Multiple-Order Discrete Fractional Cosine Transform and Chaos in YCbCr Space." Applied Mechanics and Materials 182-183 (June 2012): 1839–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.182-183.1839.

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Based on the theory that a color image can be decomposed into three primary components and each one can be seen as a gray image, we propose a color image encryption method with multiple-order discrete fractional cosine transform (MODFrCT), which is a kind of encryption with the secrecy of pixel value and pixel position simultaneously. The complex number mode that has a real part and an imaginary one is used in this encryption method to save the transmission channel. Human vision is more sensitive to the Y component than to other two components in YCbCr color space and this color format is used for encrypting the color image. Chaos is introduced to scramble the image phases both in spatial and transformation domains. The numerical simulations demonstrate the validity and efficiency of this scheme and the robustness of the method against occlusion attack is examined.
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10

Tymochko, Oleksandr, Volodymyr Larin, Maksym Kolmykov, Oleksander Timochko, and Vladislava Pavlenko. "RESEARCH OF IMAGES FILTRATION METHODS IN COMPUTER SYSTEMS." Advanced Information Systems 5, no. 1 (2021): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2522-9052.2021.1.13.

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It is known that human eyes are less sensitive to color, than to their brightness. In the RGB color space, all three components are considered equally important, and they are usually stored with the same resolution. However, you can display a color image more efficiently, separating the brightness from color information and presenting it with a higher resolution than color. RGB space is well suited for computer graphics, because it uses these three components for color formation. However, RGB space is not very effective when it comes to real images. The fact is that to save the color of an image, you need to know and store all three components of the RGB, and if one of them is missing, it will greatly distort the visual image representation. Also, when processing images in RGB space, it is not always convenient to perform any pixel conversion, because, in this case, it will be necessary to list all three values of the RGB component and write back. This greatly reduces the performance of various image processing algorithms. For these and other reasons, many video standards use brightness and two signals that carry information about the red and blue components of the signal, as a color model other than RGB. The most famous among such spaces is YCbCr.
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11

Tan, Ji Loun, Mastang Tanra, Muhammad Mukhlisin, et al. "A Comparative Analysis of Different Color Spaces for Paddy Maturity Assessment Using Drone Imagery." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 21, no. 3 (2025): 2045–56. https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v21n3.3875.

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Paddy is a staple food for a large portion of the global population with Asia accounting for about 90% of the world's rice production. The accurate detection of paddy maturity is important to optimizing harvest time, ensuring maximum yield and reducing post-harvest losses. Traditional methods of assessing paddy ripeness are labour-intensive and prone to human error, hence required the development of efficient and automation approaches. This study explores the effectiveness of drone imagery and image processing to assess paddy maturity at two ripeness stages which are unripe and ripe (ready for immediate harvest). High-resolution images of paddy fields in a district of an ASEAN country were captured and processed using MATLAB software to analyze four color spaces include RGB, HSV, YCbCr and L*a*b*. The results show that the RGB and HSV color spaces reflect shifts in red/green intensities and hues during ripening. YCbCr shows the changes in chrominance components between the unripe and ripe stages. However, the L*a*b* color space proved to be the most effective, offering the highest distinction between ripe and unripe paddy in L*, a*, and b* values, which closely align with the expected visual ripeness characteristics. This study has suggested that integrating this method with machine learning could enable real-time, automated crop monitoring, improving harvest timing and overall crop management.
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Lee, Hyo Haeng, Xiang Hua Li, Kwang Woo Chung, and Kwang Seok Hong. "Flower Image Recognition Using Multi-Class SVM." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 3106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.3106.

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This In this paper, a specific system is developed to recognize images of flower types. The proposed automatic flower boundary extraction method consists of two major procedures: the detection of four edge points and boundary tracing. Flower recognition includes two stages: feature extraction and matching. For the flower boundary extraction portion, we present a new technique for automatically identifying a flower’s boundary in an image. For boundary tracing, an intelligent scissors algorithm is applied. The color gradient magnitude cost term is implemented so that it can act directly on the three components of the color image. Suggested extraction of the characteristics has used division of the image in three levels (level 1, level 2, and level 3), the RGB and YCbCr of each level, the minimum Euclidean distance value of eight colors, and the number of petals. Using multi-class SVM, this dissertation derived 97.07% recognition of thirteen different types of flower images.
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13

Yu, Wan Xia, and Jing Su. "Moving Vehicle Detection Scheme Using Edge Information and Background Subtraction in YCbCr Color Space." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 2605–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.2605.

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In this paper, we propose the spatial domain based vehicle detection scheme. This proposed scheme combines the Sobel edge detection method with background subtraction in YCbCr color space. The scheme detects the vehicle in Y(Luminance), Cb and Cr (chrominance) components of the vehicle image using background subtraction and combines the three images. Edge detection method determines edge information of the luminance component of the vehicle image. The image combined with edge detection and background difference is implemented filling and filtering operation. The robustness of the proposed scheme is analyzed considering different types of vehicle image.
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Salsabila Arifa Hasibuan, Zahara Vonna, Silfia Rahmadani Sitorus, Putri Kurni Wati, and Siti Fadiyah Nabila. "Aplikasi Pengolahan Citra Mendeteksi Kualitas Tomat Berdasarkan Tingkat Kematangan Meggunakan Transformasi Warna YcbCr." Jurnal Publikasi Ilmu Komputer dan Multimedia 4, no. 2 (2025): 160–67. https://doi.org/10.55606/jupikom.v4i2.4117.

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This study develops an image processing application to automatically detect the ripeness level of tomatoes using the YCbCr color space transformation. This method is effective because it is able to separate the luminance and chrominance components, so it can identify color changes that indicate the ripeness level of tomatoes, namely unripe, semi-ripe, and ripe tomatoes. The application is designed with matlab and uses a GUI interface that makes it easy for users to upload and process images. Based on trials on image samples, the system is able to classify tomato ripeness with 100% accuracy on a limited test dataset. The classification process is based on three main parameters: the red area ratio, the average value of the Cr channel, and the average value of the Cb channel. The results of the study indicate that this approach can be used as a digital solution in the automatic and efficient tomato sorting process
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Shao, Hong Xiang, and Xiao Ming Duan. "Video Vehicle Detection Method Based on Multiple Color Space Information Fusion." Advanced Materials Research 546-547 (July 2012): 721–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.546-547.721.

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A detection method which selective fuses the nine detection results of RGB, YCbCr and HSI color space according to the image color space relative independence of each component and complementarities is approached in order to improve vehicle video detection accuracy. The method fuses three different detection results in nine components by the value of H when the value of both S and I are higher and does another three detection results when the value of both S and I are smaller. Experiments show that the method compared to the traditional method using only the detection results of the brightness component improved substantial, reduced empty of the detected vehicle a large extent and increased traffic information data accuracy depending on the detection result.
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SREELEKHA, G., and P. S. SATHIDEVI. "A WAVELET-BASED PERCEPTUAL IMAGE CODER INCORPORATING A NEW MODEL FOR COMPRESSION OF COLOR IMAGES." International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing 07, no. 05 (2009): 675–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219691309003197.

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A wavelet-based perceptual image coder for the compression of color images is proposed here in which the coding structure is coupled with Human Visual System models to produce high quality images. The major contribution is the development of a new model for the compression of the color components based on psychovisual experiments, which quantifies the optimum amount of compression that can be applied to the color components for a given rate. The model is developed for YCbCr color space and the perceptually uniform CIE Lab color space. A complete coding structure for the compression of color images is developed by incorporating the new perceptual model. The performance of the proposed coder is compared with a wavelet-based coder that uses the quantization stage of the JPEG2000 standard. The perceptual quality of the compressed images is tested using the wavelet-based subjective and objective perceptual quality matrices such as Mean Opinion Score, Visual Information Fidelity and Visual Signal to Noise Ratio. Though the model is developed for a perceptually lossless high quality image compression, results obtained reveal that the proposed structure gives very good perceptual quality compared to the existing schemes for lower bit rates. These advantages make the proposed coder a candidate for replacing the encoder stage of the current image compression standards.
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Kim, Hyun-Koo, Ju H. Park, and Ho-Youl Jung. "An Efficient Color Space for Deep-Learning Based Traffic Light Recognition." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2018 (December 6, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2365414.

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Traffic light recognition is an essential task for an advanced driving assistance system (ADAS) as well as for autonomous vehicles. Recently, deep-learning has become increasingly popular in vision-based object recognition owing to its high performance of classification. In this study, we investigate how to design a deep-learning based high-performance traffic light detection system. Two main components of the recognition system are investigated: the color space of the input video and the network model of deep learning. We apply six color spaces (RGB, normalized RGB, Ruta’s RYG, YCbCr, HSV, and CIE Lab) and three types of network models (based on the Faster R-CNN and R-FCN models). All combinations of color spaces and network models are implemented and tested on a traffic light dataset with 1280×720 resolution. Our simulations show that the best performance is achieved with the combination of RGB color space and Faster R-CNN model. These results can provide a comprehensive guideline for designing a traffic light detection system.
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18

Kiranjit, Kaur, and Kumar Dinesh. "Hybrid Watermarking Scheme with Dual Encryption and Channel Coding in YCbCr Color Space." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 14, no. 14 (2021): 1139–59. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v14i14.85.

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Abstract <strong>Objectives:</strong>&nbsp;This study aims to Improve and Secure the watermarking scheme with dual encryption (chaotic maps and Arnold transform) and channel coding in YCbCr color space with embedding and extraction procedure.&nbsp;<strong>Methods:&nbsp;</strong>In this scheme, the cover watermarked image is encoded and the singular value is decomposed by singular value decomposition (SVD). The four levels of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) are applied after that, the singular value matrixes are embedded into the Y, Cb, Cr components of the host image.The embedding factor for each component is calculated with singular vectors of the hl sub-band of DWT with bit selection automatically by Gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). In this paper, the GLCM technique is used to enhance the performance of a watermarked image affected by degradation with the DWT method. An inefficient approach is chosen randomly for image embedding which is bit selection. There is degradation in the quality of the watermark image when randomly selecting the bits. To dynamically choose the embedding bit, this research applies the Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix method.<strong>&nbsp;Findings:</strong>&nbsp;Different performance parameters like Mean Squared Error (MSE), Peak Signal to Noise ratio (PSNR), Bit Error Rate (BER), Normalized correlation coefficient (NCC), and Mean Structural Similarity Index Measure (MSSIM) has been used to compare the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. The achieved outcomes show that when applying dual encryption and FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) with the GLCM, around 10 to 15 percent improvement in the results can be obtained.&nbsp;<strong>Novelty:</strong>&nbsp;We have proposed a hybrid watermarking scheme with Chaotic maps, Arnold transform and Fast Fourier transform in YCbCr color space. <strong>Keywords:</strong>&nbsp;Encryption; Discrete wavelet transform; Singular value decomposition; Chaotic map; Arnold transforms; Channel coding &nbsp;
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Rismayana, Aris Haris, Henny Alfianti, and Dadan Saepul Ramdan. "Facial Skin Color Segmentation Using Otsu Thresholding Algorithm." Journal of Applied Intelligent System 7, no. 1 (2022): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33633/jais.v7i1.5513.

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The development of technology and information is currently very fast. One of the fields of technology and information that is experiencing development is the field of digital image processing. There are many technologies today that utilize digital images such as facial recognition, object detection and many others. Skin is one of the largest components of the human body. Currently, technology in the identification of skin color is widely used in recognizing the human race. In this study, skin color detection uses the YCbCr color space, which in this study only uses the range of Cb and Cr values, and ignores the Y value. Where Y is the lighting in the image. So if not changed, the image will contain light effects that can change the characteristics of skin color. However, problems were found because the detected images were not segmented properly, such as clothes and hair from the tested images were still detected as skin. Therefore, the HCbCr color space method is proposed where the Hue value will represent the color of visible light. While the Otsu Thresholding method will separate the background from the object in the digital image.
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Huang, Lei, Fei Xie, Jing Zhao, Shibin Shen, Weiran Guang, and Rongjian Lu. "Human Emotion Recognition Based on Face and Facial Expression Detection Using Deep Belief Network Under Complicated Backgrounds." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 14 (2020): 2056010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001420560108.

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The human emotion recognition based on facial expression has a significant meaning in the application of intelligent man–machine interaction. However, the human face images vary largely in real environments due to the complex backgrounds and luminance. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a robust face detection method based on skin color enhancement model and a facial expression recognition algorithm with block principal component analysis (PCA). First, the luminance range of human face image is broadened and the contrast ratio of skin color is strengthened by the homomorphic filter. Second, the skin color enhancement model is established using YCbCr color space components to locate the face area. Third, the feature based on differential horizontal integral projection is extracted from the face. Finally, the block PCA with deep neural network is used to accomplish the facial expression recognition. The experimental results indicate that in the case of weaker illumination and more complicated backgrounds, both the face detection and facial expression recognition can be achieved effectively by the proposed algorithm, meanwhile the mean recognition rate obtained by the facial expression recognition method is improved by 2.7% comparing with the traditional Local Binary Patterns (LBPs) method.
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A.B., Dhivya, and Sundaresan M. "Enhancing the Tablet Images using Noise Reduction Algorithms by Analyzing Different Color Models." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) 9, no. 2 (2019): 148–55. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.B3119.129219.

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Unidentified tablets are challenges to both patients and healthcare professionals. Using these unknown tablets results in undesirable reaction of drug and also it is foundation to ill health that leads to death even sometimes. Thus, recognition of unidentified tablets is a significant task in medical industry. Identification of tablets is one of the major concerns for public and pharmacists, which can be carried out by means of either text-based or image-based methods. The tablet identification system is focused on removing noise from the tablet images using algorithms like Independent Component Analysis (ICA) and Discrete Wavelet Packet Transmission (DWPT). The three color space models, i.e., RGB (Red-Green-Blue), YCbCr (Y-Luma, C-&nbsp;Chroma of blue and red components) and HSV (Hue-Saturation Value) are examined for their efficiency on removing noise from tablets. For each color space model, the two denoising algorithms, ICA and DWPT are analyzed and applied. The result is interpreted using metrics like PSNR, FoM, MSSI and Speed. Experimental results proved that denoising with HSV color space model gives maximum efficiency when used with ICA and DWPT-based tablet identification systems.
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Pourdarbani, Razieh, Sajad Sabzi, Davood Kalantari, José Luis Hernández-Hernández, and Juan Ignacio Arribas. "A Computer Vision System Based on Majority-Voting Ensemble Neural Network for the Automatic Classification of Three Chickpea Varieties." Foods 9, no. 2 (2020): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9020113.

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Since different varieties of crops have specific applications, it is therefore important to properly identify each cultivar, in order to avoid fake varieties being sold as genuine, i.e., fraud. Despite that properly trained human experts might accurately identify and classify crop varieties, computer vision systems are needed since conditions such as fatigue, reproducibility, and so on, can influence the expert’s judgment and assessment. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important legume at the world-level and has several varieties. Three chickpea varieties with a rather similar visual appearance were studied here: Adel, Arman, and Azad chickpeas. The purpose of this paper is to present a computer vision system for the automatic classification of those chickpea varieties. First, segmentation was performed using an Hue Saturation Intensity (HSI) color space threshold. Next, color and textural (from the gray level co-occurrence matrix, GLCM) properties (features) were extracted from the chickpea sample images. Then, using the hybrid artificial neural network-cultural algorithm (ANN-CA), the sub-optimal combination of the five most effective properties (mean of the RGB color space components, mean of the HSI color space components, entropy of GLCM matrix at 90°, standard deviation of GLCM matrix at 0°, and mean third component in YCbCr color space) were selected as discriminant features. Finally, an ANN-PSO/ACO/HS majority voting (MV) ensemble methodology merging three different classifier outputs, namely the hybrid artificial neural network-particle swarm optimization (ANN-PSO), hybrid artificial neural network-ant colony optimization (ANN-ACO), and hybrid artificial neural network-harmonic search (ANN-HS), was used. Results showed that the ensemble ANN-PSO/ACO/HS-MV classifier approach reached an average classification accuracy of 99.10 ± 0.75% over the test set, after averaging 1000 random iterations.
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Han, Hongyin, Chengshan Han, Taiji Lan, Liang Huang, Changhong Hu, and Xucheng Xue. "Automatic Shadow Detection for Multispectral Satellite Remote Sensing Images in Invariant Color Spaces." Applied Sciences 10, no. 18 (2020): 6467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10186467.

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Shadow often results in difficulties for subsequent image applications of multispectral satellite remote sensing images, like object recognition and change detection. With continuous improvement in both spatial and spectral resolutions of satellite remote sensing images, a more serious impact occurs on satellite remote sensing image interpretation due to the existence of shadow. Though various shadow detection methods have been developed, problems of both shadow omission and nonshadow misclassification still exist for detecting shadow well in high-resolution multispectral satellite remote sensing images. These shadow detection problems mainly include high small shadow omission and typical nonshadow misclassification (like bluish and greenish nonshadow misclassification, and large dark nonshadow misclassification). For further resolving these problems, a new shadow index is developed based on the analysis of the property difference between shadow and the corresponding nonshadow with several multispectral band components (i.e., near-infrared, red, green and blue components) and hue and intensity components in various invariant color spaces (i.e., HIS, HSV, CIELCh, YCbCr and YIQ), respectively. The shadow mask is further acquired by applying an optimal threshold determined automatically on the shadow index image. The final shadow image is further optimized with a definite morphological operation of opening and closing. The proposed algorithm is verified with many images from WorldView-3 and WorldView-2 acquired at different times and sites. The proposed algorithm performance is particularly evaluated by qualitative visual sense comparison and quantitative assessment of shadow detection results in comparative experiments with two WorldView-3 test images of Tripoli, Libya. Both the better visual sense and the higher overall accuracy (over 92% for the test image Tripoli-1 and approximately 91% for the test image Tripoli-2) of the experimental results together deliver the excellent performance and robustness of the proposed shadow detection approach for shadow detection of high-resolution multispectral satellite remote sensing images. The proposed shadow detection approach is promised to further alleviate typical shadow detection problems of high small shadow omission and typical nonshadow misclassification for high-resolution multispectral satellite remote sensing images.
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Kieu, Quoc Viet, Vinh Nam Huynh, Thi Phuong Nghiem, Oanh Cuong Do, and Giang Son Tran. "A NEW METHOD FOR MEDICAL IMAGE FUSION BASED ON GAUSSIAN BLUR FILTER AND ROBINSON COMPASS OPERATOR." Journal of Computer Science and Cybernetics 40, no. 2 (2024): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1813-9663/18655.

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Medical image fusion is a process of extracting features from multi-modal medical images and combining them into a composite image. It brings huge support in medical imaging and clinical diagnosis. However, the extraction of both structural and functional information from input MRI and PET images using multi-scale transform fusion methods poses a challenge of providing high-quality decomposition layers since during the decomposition process, images can still lose information such as blur or noise at the edges of the image. To address this limitation, we present a new method to improve the visual information fidelity of medical image fusion. Firstly, the YCbCr color space is utilized to prevent distortion when merging color and grey images. The second algorithm uses the CLAHE model, which allows the input images to have good contrast. Then, a Gaussian blur filter is employed to decompose the images into base and detail layers. The use of Gaussian blur ensures a smoothing filter of the edges. After that, the Robinson compass operator is applied to create the fusion rule of detail components. Finally, the fused base and detail layers are concatenated together to form the final composite image. The experimental results show that the proposed approach outperforms the latest methods in bringing visual information fidelity of the input images to the fused image, which is helpful in supporting doctors and radiologists in visual analysis of the medical images.
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Siddiqi, Muhammad Hameed, Khurshed Asghar, Umar Draz, et al. "Image Splicing-Based Forgery Detection Using Discrete Wavelet Transform and Edge Weighted Local Binary Patterns." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (September 30, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4270776.

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With the advancement of the multimedia technology, the extensive accessibility of image editing applications makes it easier to tamper the contents of digital images. Furthermore, the distribution of digital images over the open channel using information and communication technology (ICT) makes it more vulnerable to forgery. The vulnerabilities in telecommunication infrastructure open the doors for intruders to introduce deceiving changes in image data, which is hard to detect. The forged images can create severe social and legal troubles if altered with malicious purpose. Image forgery detection necessitates the development of sophisticated techniques that can efficiently detect the alterations in the digital image. Splicing forgery is commonly used to conceal the reality in images. Splicing introduces high contrast in the corners, smooth regions, and edges. We proposed a novel image forgery detection technique based on image splicing using Discrete Wavelet Transform and histograms of discriminative robust local binary patterns. First, a given color image is transformed in YCbCr color space and then Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is applied on Cb and Cr components of the digital image. Texture variation in each subband of DWT is described using the dominant rotated local binary patterns (DRLBP). The DRLBP from each subband are concatenated to produce the final feature vector. Finally, a support vector machine is used to develop image forgery detection model. The performance and generalization of the proposed technique were evaluated on publicly available benchmark datasets. The proposed technique outperformed the state-of-the-art forgery detection techniques with 98.95% detection accuracy.
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R, Subha Sree, and Karthikeyan S. "DE-NOISING PADDY SEED IMAGES BY NOISENIXIE REJUVENATION FILTER: A NOVEL PREPROCESSING ALGORITHM FOR ENHANCED IMAGE QUALITY." ICTACT Journal on Image and Video Processing 15, no. 2 (2024): 3411–16. https://doi.org/10.21917/ijivp.2024.0483.

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The digital age thrives on image processing, a technology critical for healthcare and security. This paper proposes a robust approach to improve image quality and empower further analysis through innovative preprocessing techniques. Our approach attempts to implement image data systematically, ensuring it's ready for advanced processing. Standardization with Bicubic Interpolation: Input images are resized to a uniform dimension using Bicubic Interpolation. This ensures compatibility within datasets, regardless of their original sizes, while preserving the image's proportions. Separating Brightness for Sharper Analysis: Images are converted from RGB to YCbCr color space. This separates the image data into brightness (luma) and color (chrominance) components. Focusing on the bright information is crucial for noise reduction and edge detection. Enhanced Clarity with NoiseNixie Rejuvenation Filter: Our novel NoiseNixie Rejuvenation Filter (NNRF) tackles noise, a standard image quality hurdle. This filter incorporates noise variation and light correction adjustments, resulting in sharper and clearer images. Fast Fourier Transform for Refined Processing: The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) converts image data into the frequency domain. This transformation unveils hidden patterns within the image and allows for precise adjustments. The data is then converted back using the Inverse FFT, preparing the image for in-depth analysis. By implementing these techniques, our preprocessing pipeline empowers researchers and practitioners to unlock valuable insights from image data. This comprehensive approach paves the way for advancements in image processing across various applications. From medical imaging to autonomous vehicles, high-quality image analysis is essential, and this method provides a robust foundation for achieving that goal.
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Zhang, Shuailing, Hailin Yu, Bingquan Tian, et al. "Combining UAV Multi-Source Remote Sensing Data with CPO-SVR to Estimate Seedling Emergence in Breeding Sunflowers." Agronomy 14, no. 10 (2024): 2205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14102205.

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In order to accurately obtain the seedling emergence rate of breeding sunflower and to assess the quality of sowing as well as the merit of sunflower varieties, a method of extracting the sunflower seedling emergence rate using multi-source remote sensing information from unmanned aerial vehicles is proposed. Visible and multispectral images of sunflower seedlings were acquired using a UAV. The thresholding method was used to segment the excess green image of the visible image into vegetation and non-vegetation, to obtain the center point of the vegetation to generate a buffer, and to mask the visible image to achieve weed removal. The components of color models such as the hue–saturation value (HSV), green-relative color space (YCbCr), cyan-magenta-yellow-black (CMYK), and CIELAB color space (L*A*B) models were compared and analyzed. The A component of the L*A*B model was preferred for the optimization of K-means clustering to segment sunflower seedlings and mulch using the genetic algorithm, and the segmentation accuracy was improved by 4.6% compared with the K-means clustering algorithm. All told, 10 geometric features of sunflower seedlings were extracted using segmented images, and 10 vegetation indices and 48 texture features of sunflower seedlings were calculated based on multispectral images. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient method was used to filter the three types of features, and the geometric feature set, the vegetation index set, the texture feature set, and the preferred feature set were constructed. The construction of a sunflower plant number estimation model using the crested porcupine optimizer–support vector machine is proposed and compared with the sunflower plant number estimation models constructed based on decision tree regression, BP neural network, and support vector machine regression. The results show that the accuracy of the model based on the preferred feature set is higher than that of the other three feature sets, indicating that feature screening can improve the accuracy and stability of models; assessed using the CPO-SVR model, the accuracy of the preferred feature set was the highest, with an R² of 0.94, an RMSE of 5.16, and an MAE of 3.03. Compared to the SVR model, the value of the R2 is improved by 3.3%, the RMSE decreased by 18.3%, and the MAE decreased by 18.1%. The results of the study can be cost-effective, accurate, and reliable in terms of obtaining the seedling emergence rate of sunflower field breeding.
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Rafea, S., and Dr N. H. Salman. "Hybrid DWT-DCT compression algorithm & a new flipping block with an adaptive RLE method for high medical image compression ratio." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4 (2018): 4602. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.25904.

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Huge number of medical images are generated and needs for more storage capacity and bandwidth for transferring over the networks. Hybrid DWT-DCT compression algorithm is applied to compress the medical images by exploiting the features of both techniques. Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) coding is applied to image YCbCr color model which decompose image bands into four subbands (LL, HL, LH and HH). The LL subband is transformed into low and high frequency components using Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) to be quantize by scalar quantization that was applied on all image bands, the quantization parameters where reduced by half for the luminance band while it is the same for the chrominance bands to preserve the image quality, the zigzag scan is applied on the quantized coefficients and the output are encoded using DPCM, shift optimizer and shift coding for DC while adaptive RLE, shift optimizer then shift coding applied for AC, the other subbands; LH, HL and HH are compressed using the scalar quantization, Quadtree and shift optimizer then shift coding. In this paper, a new flipping block with an adaptive RLE is proposed and applied for image enhancement. After applying DCT system and scalar quantization, huge number of zeros produced with less number of other values, so an adaptive RLE is used to encode this RUN of zeros which results with more compression.Standard medical images are selected to be used as testing image materials such as CT-Scan, X-Ray, MRI these images are specially used for researches as a testing samples. The results showed high compression ratio with high quality reconstructed images
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Селиверстов, С. А., А. А. Халтурин, Е. Р. Шафхатов, and Ш. С. Фахми. "Performance of marine video systems for transmitting images of increased detail." MORSKIE INTELLEKTUAL`NYE TEHNOLOGII)</msg>, no. 4(58) (December 2, 2022): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.37220/mit.2022.58.4.042.

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На современном этапе развития интеллектуальных морских технологий необходимо включить в состав системы обработки изображений способ учёта степени детальности и количества объектов на изображениях. В данной статье вычислена производительность алгоритмов на основе различных размеров блоков дискретного косинусного преобразования в зависимости от степени детальности объектов изображения. Для достижения поставленной задачи сжатия цветных изображений, необходимо их преобразовать в черно-белого полутонового формат. Формат Y - компонент яркости и Cb и Cr - цветоразностные компоненты изображения позволяет достичь лучшие значения коэффициента сжатия. Предложен адаптивный алгоритм сжатия морских изображений, на основе предварительной группировки блоков изображения в зависимости от степени детальности и контрастности путём определения областей границ объектов. Полученные блоки с границами подвергаются сжатию с низким коэффициентом сжатия, а блоки без границ сжимаются с высоким коэффициентом сжатия. Результаты моделирования алгоритмов показали, что информационные показатели системы обработки морских изображений и производительность предложенного метода выше по сравнению с известным методом сжатия JPEG. At the present stage of the development of intelligent marine technologies, it is necessary to include in the image processing system a method for taking into account the degree of detail and the number of objects in the images. In this article, the performance of algorithms based on different sizes of discrete cosine transformation blocks is calculated depending on the degree of detail of the image objects. To achieve this task, the RGB color image format is converted to a black-and-white halftone YCbCr format for further compression. The Y - component brightness format and Cb and Cr - color-difference components of the image allows you to achieve the best values of the compression ratio. An adaptive algorithm for compressing marine images is proposed, based on the preliminary grouping of image blocks depending on the degree of detail and contrast by determining the areas of the boundaries of objects. The resulting blocks with boundaries are compressed with a low compression ratio, and blocks without boundaries are compressed with a high compression ratio. The results of the analysis showed that the information indicators of the marine image processing system and the performance of the proposed method are higher compared to the known JPEG compression method.
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Mohammed, Mohammed H., Hazim G. Daway, and Jamela Jouda. "WBCs detection depending based on a binary conversion of the color component in a Ycbcr color space." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 928 (November 19, 2020): 072081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/928/7/072081.

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31

Abdelhedi, Fatma, and Nabil Derbel. "Volume 2, Issue 3, Special issue on Recent Advances in Engineering Systems (Published Papers) Articles Transmit / Received Beamforming for Frequency Diverse Array with Symmetrical frequency offsets Shaddrack Yaw Nusenu Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 1-6 (2017); View Description Detailed Analysis of Amplitude and Slope Diffraction Coefficients for knife-edge structure in S-UTD-CH Model Eray Arik, Mehmet Baris Tabakcioglu Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 7-11 (2017); View Description Applications of Case Based Organizational Memory Supported by the PAbMM Architecture Martín, María de los Ángeles, Diván, Mario José Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 12-23 (2017); View Description Low Probability of Interception Beampattern Using Frequency Diverse Array Antenna Shaddrack Yaw Nusenu Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 24-29 (2017); View Description Zero Trust Cloud Networks using Transport Access Control and High Availability Optical Bypass Switching Casimer DeCusatis, Piradon Liengtiraphan, Anthony Sager Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 30-35 (2017); View Description A Derived Metrics as a Measurement to Support Efficient Requirements Analysis and Release Management Indranil Nath Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 36-40 (2017); View Description Feedback device of temperature sensation for a myoelectric prosthetic hand Yuki Ueda, Chiharu Ishii Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 41-40 (2017); View Description Deep venous thrombus characterization: ultrasonography, elastography and scattering operator Thibaud Berthomier, Ali Mansour, Luc Bressollette, Frédéric Le Roy, Dominique Mottier Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 48-59 (2017); View Description Improving customs’ border control by creating a reference database of cargo inspection X-ray images Selina Kolokytha, Alexander Flisch, Thomas Lüthi, Mathieu Plamondon, Adrian Schwaninger, Wicher Vasser, Diana Hardmeier, Marius Costin, Caroline Vienne, Frank Sukowski, Ulf Hassler, Irène Dorion, Najib Gadi, Serge Maitrejean, Abraham Marciano, Andrea Canonica, Eric Rochat, Ger Koomen, Micha Slegt Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 60-66 (2017); View Description Aviation Navigation with Use of Polarimetric Technologies Arsen Klochan, Ali Al-Ammouri, Viktor Romanenko, Vladimir Tronko Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 67-72 (2017); View Description Optimization of Multi-standard Transmitter Architecture Using Single-Double Conversion Technique Used for Rescue Operations Riadh Essaadali, Said Aliouane, Chokri Jebali and Ammar Kouki Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 73-81 (2017); View Description Singular Integral Equations in Electromagnetic Waves Reflection Modeling A. S. Ilinskiy, T. N. Galishnikova Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 82-87 (2017); View Description Methodology for Management of Information Security in Industrial Control Systems: A Proof of Concept aligned with Enterprise Objectives. Fabian Bustamante, Walter Fuertes, Paul Diaz, Theofilos Toulqueridis Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 88-99 (2017); View Description Dependence-Based Segmentation Approach for Detecting Morpheme Boundaries Ahmed Khorsi, Abeer Alsheddi Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 100-110 (2017); View Description Paper Improving Rule Based Stemmers to Solve Some Special Cases of Arabic Language Soufiane Farrah, Hanane El Manssouri, Ziyati Elhoussaine, Mohamed Ouzzif Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 111-115 (2017); View Description Medical imbalanced data classification Sara Belarouci, Mohammed Amine Chikh Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 116-124 (2017); View Description ADOxx Modelling Method Conceptualization Environment Nesat Efendioglu, Robert Woitsch, Wilfrid Utz, Damiano Falcioni Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 125-136 (2017); View Description GPSR+Predict: An Enhancement for GPSR to Make Smart Routing Decision by Anticipating Movement of Vehicles in VANETs Zineb Squalli Houssaini, Imane Zaimi, Mohammed Oumsis, Saïd El Alaoui Ouatik Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 137-146 (2017); View Description Optimal Synthesis of Universal Space Vector Digital Algorithm for Matrix Converters Adrian Popovici, Mircea Băbăiţă, Petru Papazian Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 147-152 (2017); View Description Control design for axial flux permanent magnet synchronous motor which operates above the nominal speed Xuan Minh Tran, Nhu Hien Nguyen, Quoc Tuan Duong Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 153-159 (2017); View Description A synchronizing second order sliding mode control applied to decentralized time delayed multi−agent robotic systems: Stability Proof Marwa Fathallah, Fatma Abdelhedi, Nabil Derbel Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 160-170 (2017); View Description Fault Diagnosis and Tolerant Control Using Observer Banks Applied to Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor Martin F. Pico, Eduardo J. Adam Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 171-181 (2017); View Description Development and Validation of a Heat Pump System Model Using Artificial Neural Network Nabil Nassif, Jordan Gooden Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 182-185 (2017); View Description Assessment of the usefulness and appeal of stigma-stop by psychology students: a serious game designed to reduce the stigma of mental illness Adolfo J. Cangas, Noelia Navarro, Juan J. Ojeda, Diego Cangas, Jose A. Piedra, José Gallego Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 186-190 (2017); View Description Kinect-Based Moving Human Tracking System with Obstacle Avoidance Abdel Mehsen Ahmad, Zouhair Bazzal, Hiba Al Youssef Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 191-197 (2017); View Description A security approach based on honeypots: Protecting Online Social network from malicious profiles Fatna Elmendili, Nisrine Maqran, Younes El Bouzekri El Idrissi, Habiba Chaoui Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 198-204 (2017); View Description Pulse Generator for Ultrasonic Piezoelectric Transducer Arrays Based on a Programmable System-on-Chip (PSoC) Pedro Acevedo, Martín Fuentes, Joel Durán, Mónica Vázquez, Carlos Díaz Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 205-209 (2017); View Description Enabling Toy Vehicles Interaction With Visible Light Communication (VLC) M. A. Ilyas, M. B. Othman, S. M. Shah, Mas Fawzi Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 210-216 (2017); View Description Analysis of Fractional-Order 2xn RLC Networks by Transmission Matrices Mahmut Ün, Manolya Ün Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 217-220 (2017); View Description Fire extinguishing system in large underground garages Ivan Antonov, Rositsa Velichkova, Svetlin Antonov, Kamen Grozdanov, Milka Uzunova, Ikram El Abbassi Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 221-226 (2017); View Description Directional Antenna Modulation Technique using A Two-Element Frequency Diverse Array Shaddrack Yaw Nusenu Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 227-232 (2017); View Description Classifying region of interests from mammograms with breast cancer into BIRADS using Artificial Neural Networks Estefanía D. Avalos-Rivera, Alberto de J. Pastrana-Palma Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 233-240 (2017); View Description Magnetically Levitated and Guided Systems Florian Puci, Miroslav Husak Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 241-244 (2017); View Description Energy-Efficient Mobile Sensing in Distributed Multi-Agent Sensor Networks Minh T. Nguyen Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 245-253 (2017); View Description Validity and efficiency of conformal anomaly detection on big distributed data Ilia Nouretdinov Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 254-267 (2017); View Description S-Parameters Optimization in both Segmented and Unsegmented Insulated TSV upto 40GHz Frequency Juma Mary Atieno, Xuliang Zhang, HE Song Bai Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 268-276 (2017); View Description Synthesis of Important Design Criteria for Future Vehicle Electric System Lisa Braun, Eric Sax Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 277-283 (2017); View Description Gestural Interaction for Virtual Reality Environments through Data Gloves G. Rodriguez, N. Jofre, Y. Alvarado, J. Fernández, R. Guerrero Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 284-290 (2017); View Description Solving the Capacitated Network Design Problem in Two Steps Meriem Khelifi, Mohand Yazid Saidi, Saadi Boudjit Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 291-301 (2017); View Description A Computationally Intelligent Approach to the Detection of Wormhole Attacks in Wireless Sensor Networks Mohammad Nurul Afsar Shaon, Ken Ferens Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 302-320 (2017); View Description Real Time Advanced Clustering System Giuseppe Spampinato, Arcangelo Ranieri Bruna, Salvatore Curti, Viviana D’Alto Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 321-326 (2017); View Description Indoor Mobile Robot Navigation in Unknown Environment Using Fuzzy Logic Based Behaviors Khalid Al-Mutib, Foudil Abdessemed Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 327-337 (2017); View Description Validity of Mind Monitoring System as a Mental Health Indicator using Voice Naoki Hagiwara, Yasuhiro Omiya, Shuji Shinohara, Mitsuteru Nakamura, Masakazu Higuchi, Shunji Mitsuyoshi, Hideo Yasunaga, Shinichi Tokuno Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 338-344 (2017); View Description The Model of Adaptive Learning Objects for virtual environments instanced by the competencies Carlos Guevara, Jose Aguilar, Alexandra González-Eras Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 345-355 (2017); View Description An Overview of Traceability: Towards a general multi-domain model Kamal Souali, Othmane Rahmaoui, Mohammed Ouzzif Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 356-361 (2017); View Description L-Band SiGe HBT Active Differential Equalizers with Variable, Positive or Negative Gain Slopes Using Dual-Resonant RLC Circuits Yasushi Itoh, Hiroaki Takagi Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 362-368 (2017); View Description Moving Towards Reliability-Centred Management of Energy, Power and Transportation Assets Kang Seng Seow, Loc K. Nguyen, Kelvin Tan, Kees-Jan Van Oeveren Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 369-375 (2017); View Description Secure Path Selection under Random Fading Furqan Jameel, Faisal, M Asif Ali Haider, Amir Aziz Butt Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 376-383 (2017); View Description Security in SWIPT with Power Splitting Eavesdropper Furqan Jameel, Faisal, M Asif Ali Haider, Amir Aziz Butt Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 384-388 (2017); View Description Performance Analysis of Phased Array and Frequency Diverse Array Radar Ambiguity Functions Shaddrack Yaw Nusenu Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 389-394 (2017); View Description Adaptive Discrete-time Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control For a Class of Chaotic Systems Hanene Medhaffar, Moez Feki, Nabil Derbel Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 395-400 (2017); View Description Fault Tolerant Inverter Topology for the Sustainable Drive of an Electrical Helicopter Igor Bolvashenkov, Jörg Kammermann, Taha Lahlou, Hans-Georg Herzog Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 401-411 (2017); View Description Computational Intelligence Methods for Identifying Voltage Sag in Smart Grid Turgay Yalcin, Muammer Ozdemir Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 412-419 (2017); View Description A Highly-Secured Arithmetic Hiding cum Look-Up Table (AHLUT) based S-Box for AES-128 Implementation Ali Akbar Pammu, Kwen-Siong Chong, Bah-Hwee Gwee Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 420-426 (2017); View Description Service Productivity and Complexity in Medical Rescue Services Markus Harlacher, Andreas Petz, Philipp Przybysz, Olivia Chaillié, Susanne Mütze-Niewöhner Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 427-434 (2017); View Description Principal Component Analysis Application on Flavonoids Characterization Che Hafizah Che Noh, Nor Fadhillah Mohamed Azmin, Azura Amid Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 435-440 (2017); View Description A Reconfigurable Metal-Plasma Yagi-Yuda Antenna for Microwave Applications Giulia Mansutti, Davide Melazzi, Antonio-Daniele Capobianco Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 441-448 (2017); View Description Verifying the Detection Results of Impersonation Attacks in Service Clouds Sarra Alqahtani, Rose Gamble Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 449-459 (2017); View Description Image Segmentation Using Fuzzy Inference System on YCbCr Color Model Alvaro Anzueto-Rios, Jose Antonio Moreno-Cadenas, Felipe Gómez-Castañeda, Sergio Garduza-Gonzalez Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 460-468 (2017); View Description Segmented and Detailed Visualization of Anatomical Structures based on Augmented Reality for Health Education and Knowledge Discovery Isabel Cristina Siqueira da Silva, Gerson Klein, Denise Munchen Brandão Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 469-478 (2017); View Description Intrusion detection in cloud computing based attack patterns and risk assessment Ben Charhi Youssef, Mannane Nada, Bendriss Elmehdi, Regragui Boubker Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 479-484 (2017); View Description Optimal Sizing and Control Strategy of renewable hybrid systems PV-Diesel Generator-Battery: application to the case of Djanet city of Algeria Adel Yahiaoui, Khelifa Benmansour, Mohamed Tadjine Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 485-491 (2017); View Description RFID Antenna Near-field Characterization Using a New 3D Magnetic Field Probe Kassem Jomaa, Fabien Ndagijimana, Hussam Ayad, Majida Fadlallah, Jalal Jomaah Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 492-497 (2017); View Description Design, Fabrication and Testing of a Dual-Range XY Micro-Motion Stage Driven by Voice Coil Actuators Xavier Herpe, Matthew Dunnigan, Xianwen Kong Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 498-504 (2017); View Description Self-Organizing Map based Feature Learning in Bio-Signal Processing Marwa Farouk Ibrahim Ibrahim, Adel Ali Al-Jumaily Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 505-512 (2017); View Description A delay-dependent distributed SMC for stabilization of a networked robotic system exposed to external disturbances." Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal 2, no. 3 (2016): 513–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.25046/aj020366.

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Biran, Yahav, George Collins, Borky John M, and Joel Dubow. "Volume 2, Issue 3, Special issue on Recent Advances in Engineering Systems (Published Papers) Articles Transmit / Received Beamforming for Frequency Diverse Array with Symmetrical frequency offsets Shaddrack Yaw Nusenu Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 1-6 (2017); View Description Detailed Analysis of Amplitude and Slope Diffraction Coefficients for knife-edge structure in S-UTD-CH Model Eray Arik, Mehmet Baris Tabakcioglu Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 7-11 (2017); View Description Applications of Case Based Organizational Memory Supported by the PAbMM Architecture Martín, María de los Ángeles, Diván, Mario José Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 12-23 (2017); View Description Low Probability of Interception Beampattern Using Frequency Diverse Array Antenna Shaddrack Yaw Nusenu Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 24-29 (2017); View Description Zero Trust Cloud Networks using Transport Access Control and High Availability Optical Bypass Switching Casimer DeCusatis, Piradon Liengtiraphan, Anthony Sager Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 30-35 (2017); View Description A Derived Metrics as a Measurement to Support Efficient Requirements Analysis and Release Management Indranil Nath Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 36-40 (2017); View Description Feedback device of temperature sensation for a myoelectric prosthetic hand Yuki Ueda, Chiharu Ishii Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 41-40 (2017); View Description Deep venous thrombus characterization: ultrasonography, elastography and scattering operator Thibaud Berthomier, Ali Mansour, Luc Bressollette, Frédéric Le Roy, Dominique Mottier Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 48-59 (2017); View Description Improving customs’ border control by creating a reference database of cargo inspection X-ray images Selina Kolokytha, Alexander Flisch, Thomas Lüthi, Mathieu Plamondon, Adrian Schwaninger, Wicher Vasser, Diana Hardmeier, Marius Costin, Caroline Vienne, Frank Sukowski, Ulf Hassler, Irène Dorion, Najib Gadi, Serge Maitrejean, Abraham Marciano, Andrea Canonica, Eric Rochat, Ger Koomen, Micha Slegt Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 60-66 (2017); View Description Aviation Navigation with Use of Polarimetric Technologies Arsen Klochan, Ali Al-Ammouri, Viktor Romanenko, Vladimir Tronko Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 67-72 (2017); View Description Optimization of Multi-standard Transmitter Architecture Using Single-Double Conversion Technique Used for Rescue Operations Riadh Essaadali, Said Aliouane, Chokri Jebali and Ammar Kouki Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 73-81 (2017); View Description Singular Integral Equations in Electromagnetic Waves Reflection Modeling A. S. Ilinskiy, T. N. Galishnikova Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 82-87 (2017); View Description Methodology for Management of Information Security in Industrial Control Systems: A Proof of Concept aligned with Enterprise Objectives. Fabian Bustamante, Walter Fuertes, Paul Diaz, Theofilos Toulqueridis Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 88-99 (2017); View Description Dependence-Based Segmentation Approach for Detecting Morpheme Boundaries Ahmed Khorsi, Abeer Alsheddi Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 100-110 (2017); View Description Paper Improving Rule Based Stemmers to Solve Some Special Cases of Arabic Language Soufiane Farrah, Hanane El Manssouri, Ziyati Elhoussaine, Mohamed Ouzzif Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 111-115 (2017); View Description Medical imbalanced data classification Sara Belarouci, Mohammed Amine Chikh Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 116-124 (2017); View Description ADOxx Modelling Method Conceptualization Environment Nesat Efendioglu, Robert Woitsch, Wilfrid Utz, Damiano Falcioni Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 125-136 (2017); View Description GPSR+Predict: An Enhancement for GPSR to Make Smart Routing Decision by Anticipating Movement of Vehicles in VANETs Zineb Squalli Houssaini, Imane Zaimi, Mohammed Oumsis, Saïd El Alaoui Ouatik Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 137-146 (2017); View Description Optimal Synthesis of Universal Space Vector Digital Algorithm for Matrix Converters Adrian Popovici, Mircea Băbăiţă, Petru Papazian Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 147-152 (2017); View Description Control design for axial flux permanent magnet synchronous motor which operates above the nominal speed Xuan Minh Tran, Nhu Hien Nguyen, Quoc Tuan Duong Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 153-159 (2017); View Description A synchronizing second order sliding mode control applied to decentralized time delayed multi−agent robotic systems: Stability Proof Marwa Fathallah, Fatma Abdelhedi, Nabil Derbel Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 160-170 (2017); View Description Fault Diagnosis and Tolerant Control Using Observer Banks Applied to Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor Martin F. Pico, Eduardo J. Adam Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 171-181 (2017); View Description Development and Validation of a Heat Pump System Model Using Artificial Neural Network Nabil Nassif, Jordan Gooden Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 182-185 (2017); View Description Assessment of the usefulness and appeal of stigma-stop by psychology students: a serious game designed to reduce the stigma of mental illness Adolfo J. Cangas, Noelia Navarro, Juan J. Ojeda, Diego Cangas, Jose A. Piedra, José Gallego Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 186-190 (2017); View Description Kinect-Based Moving Human Tracking System with Obstacle Avoidance Abdel Mehsen Ahmad, Zouhair Bazzal, Hiba Al Youssef Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 191-197 (2017); View Description A security approach based on honeypots: Protecting Online Social network from malicious profiles Fatna Elmendili, Nisrine Maqran, Younes El Bouzekri El Idrissi, Habiba Chaoui Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 198-204 (2017); View Description Pulse Generator for Ultrasonic Piezoelectric Transducer Arrays Based on a Programmable System-on-Chip (PSoC) Pedro Acevedo, Martín Fuentes, Joel Durán, Mónica Vázquez, Carlos Díaz Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 205-209 (2017); View Description Enabling Toy Vehicles Interaction With Visible Light Communication (VLC) M. A. Ilyas, M. B. Othman, S. M. Shah, Mas Fawzi Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 210-216 (2017); View Description Analysis of Fractional-Order 2xn RLC Networks by Transmission Matrices Mahmut Ün, Manolya Ün Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 217-220 (2017); View Description Fire extinguishing system in large underground garages Ivan Antonov, Rositsa Velichkova, Svetlin Antonov, Kamen Grozdanov, Milka Uzunova, Ikram El Abbassi Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 221-226 (2017); View Description Directional Antenna Modulation Technique using A Two-Element Frequency Diverse Array Shaddrack Yaw Nusenu Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 227-232 (2017); View Description Classifying region of interests from mammograms with breast cancer into BIRADS using Artificial Neural Networks Estefanía D. Avalos-Rivera, Alberto de J. Pastrana-Palma Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 233-240 (2017); View Description Magnetically Levitated and Guided Systems Florian Puci, Miroslav Husak Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 241-244 (2017); View Description Energy-Efficient Mobile Sensing in Distributed Multi-Agent Sensor Networks Minh T. Nguyen Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 245-253 (2017); View Description Validity and efficiency of conformal anomaly detection on big distributed data Ilia Nouretdinov Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 254-267 (2017); View Description S-Parameters Optimization in both Segmented and Unsegmented Insulated TSV upto 40GHz Frequency Juma Mary Atieno, Xuliang Zhang, HE Song Bai Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 268-276 (2017); View Description Synthesis of Important Design Criteria for Future Vehicle Electric System Lisa Braun, Eric Sax Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 277-283 (2017); View Description Gestural Interaction for Virtual Reality Environments through Data Gloves G. Rodriguez, N. Jofre, Y. Alvarado, J. Fernández, R. Guerrero Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 284-290 (2017); View Description Solving the Capacitated Network Design Problem in Two Steps Meriem Khelifi, Mohand Yazid Saidi, Saadi Boudjit Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 291-301 (2017); View Description A Computationally Intelligent Approach to the Detection of Wormhole Attacks in Wireless Sensor Networks Mohammad Nurul Afsar Shaon, Ken Ferens Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 302-320 (2017); View Description Real Time Advanced Clustering System Giuseppe Spampinato, Arcangelo Ranieri Bruna, Salvatore Curti, Viviana D’Alto Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 321-326 (2017); View Description Indoor Mobile Robot Navigation in Unknown Environment Using Fuzzy Logic Based Behaviors Khalid Al-Mutib, Foudil Abdessemed Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 327-337 (2017); View Description Validity of Mind Monitoring System as a Mental Health Indicator using Voice Naoki Hagiwara, Yasuhiro Omiya, Shuji Shinohara, Mitsuteru Nakamura, Masakazu Higuchi, Shunji Mitsuyoshi, Hideo Yasunaga, Shinichi Tokuno Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 338-344 (2017); View Description The Model of Adaptive Learning Objects for virtual environments instanced by the competencies Carlos Guevara, Jose Aguilar, Alexandra González-Eras Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 345-355 (2017); View Description An Overview of Traceability: Towards a general multi-domain model Kamal Souali, Othmane Rahmaoui, Mohammed Ouzzif Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 356-361 (2017); View Description L-Band SiGe HBT Active Differential Equalizers with Variable, Positive or Negative Gain Slopes Using Dual-Resonant RLC Circuits Yasushi Itoh, Hiroaki Takagi Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 362-368 (2017); View Description Moving Towards Reliability-Centred Management of Energy, Power and Transportation Assets Kang Seng Seow, Loc K. Nguyen, Kelvin Tan, Kees-Jan Van Oeveren Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 369-375 (2017); View Description Secure Path Selection under Random Fading Furqan Jameel, Faisal, M Asif Ali Haider, Amir Aziz Butt Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 376-383 (2017); View Description Security in SWIPT with Power Splitting Eavesdropper Furqan Jameel, Faisal, M Asif Ali Haider, Amir Aziz Butt Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 384-388 (2017); View Description Performance Analysis of Phased Array and Frequency Diverse Array Radar Ambiguity Functions Shaddrack Yaw Nusenu Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 389-394 (2017); View Description Adaptive Discrete-time Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control For a Class of Chaotic Systems Hanene Medhaffar, Moez Feki, Nabil Derbel Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 395-400 (2017); View Description Fault Tolerant Inverter Topology for the Sustainable Drive of an Electrical Helicopter Igor Bolvashenkov, Jörg Kammermann, Taha Lahlou, Hans-Georg Herzog Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 401-411 (2017); View Description Computational Intelligence Methods for Identifying Voltage Sag in Smart Grid Turgay Yalcin, Muammer Ozdemir Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 412-419 (2017); View Description A Highly-Secured Arithmetic Hiding cum Look-Up Table (AHLUT) based S-Box for AES-128 Implementation Ali Akbar Pammu, Kwen-Siong Chong, Bah-Hwee Gwee Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 420-426 (2017); View Description Service Productivity and Complexity in Medical Rescue Services Markus Harlacher, Andreas Petz, Philipp Przybysz, Olivia Chaillié, Susanne Mütze-Niewöhner Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 427-434 (2017); View Description Principal Component Analysis Application on Flavonoids Characterization Che Hafizah Che Noh, Nor Fadhillah Mohamed Azmin, Azura Amid Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 435-440 (2017); View Description A Reconfigurable Metal-Plasma Yagi-Yuda Antenna for Microwave Applications Giulia Mansutti, Davide Melazzi, Antonio-Daniele Capobianco Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 441-448 (2017); View Description Verifying the Detection Results of Impersonation Attacks in Service Clouds Sarra Alqahtani, Rose Gamble Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 449-459 (2017); View Description Image Segmentation Using Fuzzy Inference System on YCbCr Color Model Alvaro Anzueto-Rios, Jose Antonio Moreno-Cadenas, Felipe Gómez-Castañeda, Sergio Garduza-Gonzalez Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 460-468 (2017); View Description Segmented and Detailed Visualization of Anatomical Structures based on Augmented Reality for Health Education and Knowledge Discovery Isabel Cristina Siqueira da Silva, Gerson Klein, Denise Munchen Brandão Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 469-478 (2017); View Description Intrusion detection in cloud computing based attack patterns and risk assessment Ben Charhi Youssef, Mannane Nada, Bendriss Elmehdi, Regragui Boubker Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 479-484 (2017); View Description Optimal Sizing and Control Strategy of renewable hybrid systems PV-Diesel Generator-Battery: application to the case of Djanet city of Algeria Adel Yahiaoui, Khelifa Benmansour, Mohamed Tadjine Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 485-491 (2017); View Description RFID Antenna Near-field Characterization Using a New 3D Magnetic Field Probe Kassem Jomaa, Fabien Ndagijimana, Hussam Ayad, Majida Fadlallah, Jalal Jomaah Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 492-497 (2017); View Description Design, Fabrication and Testing of a Dual-Range XY Micro-Motion Stage Driven by Voice Coil Actuators Xavier Herpe, Matthew Dunnigan, Xianwen Kong Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 498-504 (2017); View Description Self-Organizing Map based Feature Learning in Bio-Signal Processing Marwa Farouk Ibrahim Ibrahim, Adel Ali Al-Jumaily Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 505-512 (2017); View Description A delay-dependent distributed SMC for stabilization of a networked robotic system exposed to external disturbances Fatma Abdelhedi, Nabil Derbel Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 513-519 (2017); View Description Modelization of cognition, activity and motivation as indicators for Interactive Learning Environment Asmaa Darouich, Faddoul Khoukhi, Khadija Douzi Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 520-531 (2017); View Description Homemade array of surface coils implementation for small animal magnetic resonance imaging Fernando Yepes-Calderon, Olivier Beuf Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 532-539 (2017); View Description An Encryption Key for Secure Authentication: The Dynamic Solution Zubayr Khalid, Pritam Paul, Khabbab Zakaria, Himadri Nath Saha Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 540-544 (2017); View Description Multi-Domain Virtual Network Embedding with Coordinated Link Mapping Shuopeng Li, Mohand Yazid Saidi, Ken Chen Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(3), 545-552 (2017); View Description Semantic-less Breach Detection of Polymorphic Malware in Federated Cloud." Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal 2, no. 3 (2017): 553–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.25046/aj020371.

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Ansari, Mohd Aquib, and Dushyant Kumar Singh. "Significance of Color Spaces & their Selection for Image Processing: A Survey." Recent Advances in Computer Science and Communications 14 (March 8, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2666255814666210308152108.

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: The human visual system is encompassed with three components that help to produce a color sensation. The color display devices use this concept and create their full range of colors by incorporating all three primary color components. Any displayable color can be created with the help of these primaries. This paper comprises the concept of color space, which helps to understand a particular device’s color proficiencies. Since colors are a more robust descriptor, color spaces are considered to play a significant role in representing an image appropriately. The performance of many algorithms depends on the selection of an appropriate color space. There are many kinds of color spaces that can be used in real-time applications. These are RGB, nRGB, HSV, TSL, YCbCr, YUV, YES, CIE-XYZ, CMYK, etc. In this paper, color spaces and their vast classification are described in brief. Apart from these, the characteristics, applicability, limitations, mathematical conversion, and other essential factors are also explained for each color space.
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Siekmann, Mischa, Ali Khairat, Tung Nguyen, Detlev Marpe, and Thomas Wiegand. "Extended cross-component prediction in HEVC." APSIPA Transactions on Signal and Information Processing 6 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/atsip.2017.3.

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With Version 2 of the high-efficiency video coding standard, a new compression efficiency tool targeting redundancies among color components is specified for all 4:4:4 profiles, and referred to as cross-component prediction (CCP). This paper describes and analyses two additional extensions to the specified CCP variant. In the first extension, an additional predictor is introduced. Particularly, beside the luma component, also the first chroma component can serve as a reference for prediction of the second chroma component. The second extension proposes a method for predicting the CCP model parameter from the statistics of already reconstructed neighboring blocks. A performance analysis of coding RGB content in different color representations is given in comparison with CCP and both extensions. Experimental results show that the proposed extensions can improve the compression efficiency effectively compared with CCP, when applied in the YCbCr domain.
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"Detection of Fire Regions from a Video Image Frames in YCbCr Color Model." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering 8, no. 3 (2019): 6082–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.c5637.098319.

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Proposed here is a fire region detection method from a recorded video captured during the occurrence of fire. This method is based only on the chrominance components of the YCbCr color model. To distinguish the fire-region in an image frame of fire video containing the fire region, the difference between Cr and Cb is computed. The difference is enhanced by computing the square of it and then normalize range of difference squared to 0 to 255. It is then binarized at using automatic thresholding method to segment the fire region from the non-fire region. The fire region in the binary is located using the connected component analysis and the region is mapped to the original image frames of the fire video. We have tested the method in the actual fire video and it is found that the method can appropriately locate the fire regions in every image frame of the video. The method is simple and fast and hence can be used to forest fire monitoring using drones
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Mohd, Zamri Osman, Aizaini Maarof Mohd, and Foad Rohani Mohd. "Towards Integrating Statistical Color Features for Human Skin Detection." January 2, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1111592.

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Human skin detection recognized as the primary step in most of the applications such as face detection, illicit image filtering, hand recognition and video surveillance. The performance of any skin detection applications greatly relies on the two components: feature extraction and classification method. Skin color is the most vital information used for skin detection purpose. However, color feature alone sometimes could not handle images with having same color distribution with skin color. A color feature of pixel-based does not eliminate the skin-like color due to the intensity of skin and skin-like color fall under the same distribution. Hence, the statistical color analysis will be exploited such mean and standard deviation as an additional feature to increase the reliability of skin detector. In this paper, we studied the effectiveness of statistical color feature for human skin detection. Furthermore, the paper analyzed the integrated color and texture using eight classifiers with three color spaces of <em>RGB</em>, <em>YCbCr,</em> and <em>HSV</em>. The experimental results show that the integrating statistical feature using Random Forest classifier achieved a significant performance with an F1-score 0.969.
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Ochoa-Domí­nguez, H. de Jesús, and K. R. Rao. "A discrete wavelet transform-singular value decomposition system for image coding." Journal of Applied Research and Technology 5, no. 02 (2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/icat.16656423.2007.5.02.542.

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A system that combines techniques of wavelet transform (DWT) and singular value decomposition (SVD) to encode images is presented. The image is divided into tiles or blocks of 64x64 pixels. The decision criterion as to which transform to use is based on the standard deviation of the 8x8 pixel subblocks of the tile to encode. A successive approximation quantizer is used to encode the subbands and vector quantization/scalar quantization is used to encode the SVD eigenvectors/eigenvalues, respectively. For coding color images, the RGB components are transformed into YCbCr before encoding in 4:2:0 format. Results show that the proposed system outperforms the JPEG and approaches the JPEG2000.
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"Enhancing the Tablet Images using Noise Reduction Algorithms by Analyzing Different Color Models." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 9, no. 2 (2019): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.b3119.129219.

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Unidentified tablets are challenges to both patients and healthcare professionals. Using these unknown tablets results in undesirable reaction of drug and also it is foundation to ill health that leads to death even sometimes. Thus, recognition of unidentified tablets is a significant task in medical industry. Identification of tablets is one of the major concerns for public and pharmacists, which can be carried out by means of either text-based or image-based methods. The tablet identification system is focused on removing noise from the tablet images using algorithms like Independent Component Analysis (ICA) and Discrete Wavelet Packet Transmission (DWPT). The three color space models, i.e., RGB (Red-Green-Blue), YCbCr (Y-Luma, CChroma of blue and red components) and HSV (Hue-SaturationValue) are examined for their efficiency on removing noise from tablets. For each color space model, the two denoising algorithms, ICA and DWPT are analyzed and applied. The result is interpreted using metrics like PSNR, FoM, MSSI and Speed. Experimental results proved that denoising with HSV color space model gives maximum efficiency when used with ICA and DWPT-based tablet identification systems.
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Agarwal, Himanshu, and Dr Farooq Husain. "Protecting Ownership Rights of Videos Against Digital Piracy: An Efficient Digital Watermarking Scheme." International Journal of Communication Networks and Information Security (IJCNIS) 13, no. 2 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijcnis.v13i2.4945.

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Violation of one’s intellectual ownership rights by the others is a common problem which entertainment industry frequently faces now-a-days. Sharing of information over social media platforms such as Instagram, WhatsApp and twitter without giving credit the owner causes huge financial losses to the owner and hence needs an immediate attention. Digital watermarking is a promising technique to protect owners’ right against digital piracy. Most of the state-of-the-art techniques does not provides adequate level of resilience against majority of video specific attacks and other commonly applied attacks. Therefore, this paper proposes a highly transparent and robust video watermarking solution to protect the owners rights by first convert each video frame into YCbCr color components and then select twenty five strongest speeded-up robust features (SURF) points of the normalized luminance component as points for both watermark embedding and extraction. After applying variety of geometric, simple signal processing and video specific attacks on the watermarked video meticulous analysis is performed using popular metrics which reveals that the proposed scheme possesses high correlation value which makes it superior for practical applications against these attacks. The scheme also proposes a novel three-level impairment scale for subjective analysis which gives stable results to derive correct conclusions.
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Sari, Yuita Arum, Ratih Kartika Dewi, Jaya Mahar Maligan, Luthfi Maulana, and Sigit Adinugroho. "Automatic Leftover Weight Prediction in Tray Box Using Improved Image Segmentation Color Lighting Component." Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 55, no. 1 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.55.1.32.

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The problem of food waste is experienced by many countries, including Indonesia. In the previous Comstock model, estimating food scraps required the expertise of the estimator, but this method has drawbacks because of subjective perspective of even skilled observers. Another weakness occurred when the observers were exhausted, which in turn negatively affected the measurement of leftover estimation. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an approach for automatic weight prediction using image processing in order to minimize the error forecasting caused by humans. Improved lighting component in image segmentation is also utilized. We apply this framework in the tray box images and estimate each compartment. Two types of tray box backgrounds are tested: gray and black backgrounds. The first part of the proposed method takes a lighting component from each color channel of LAB, HSV, YcbCr, YUV, and LUV. Each of those color channels are applied in contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization to adjust the contrast of each image. After that, the Otsu segmentation is applied, and some formulas to calculate leftover automatically are also presented. The result shows remarkable results when applied in the black background of the tray box with root mean square error around 6.67 using an L lighting component of LAB and Y lighting color component as well YcbCr and YUV. The proposed method is good for leftover forecasting since the estimation is not significantly different from one done by human observers.
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Zohrabi, Saman, Seyed Sadegh Seiiedlou, Iman Golpour, Mark Lefsrud, Raquel P. F. Guiné, and Barbara Sturm. "Diagnosing Fungal Infection in Wheat Kernels by Integrating Spectroscopic Technology and Digital Color Imaging System: Artificial Neural Network, Principal Component Analysis and Correlation Feature Selection Techniques." Journal of Food Process Engineering 47, no. 11 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfpe.14767.

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ABSTRACTContamination of cereal grain, especially wheat, with fungal infections can cause significant economic impacts and it endangers the health of humans and livestock. This study aims to appraise the UV/VIS–NIR and digital color (RGB) imaging systems and spectroscopic methodology to detect wheat kernels infected by fungi such as Penicillium expansum and Fusarium graminearum. NIR spectra of 190–1100 nm at 10 nm intervals, visible color reflectance images and non‐visible reflectance images of wheat kernels in the ultraviolet and near‐infrared ranges were applied to develop the multi‐layer perceptron (MLP) artificial neural network model. The optimum wavelengths were selected by application of the principal component analysis (PCA) after preprocessing the raw spectra. A confusion matrix was used in the correlation feature selection method (CFS) for the decision tree classifier of selected features. The results showed that the four UV wavelengths of 310, 330, 400, and 410 nm were the best wavelengths using PCA to distinguish healthy and unhealthy wheat kernels. Considering the intensity of the wavelengths as the neural network inputs, samples were classified into healthy and unhealthy categories with an accuracy of 90.9%. Also, 18 features of color images in RGB, LAB, HSV, HSI, YCbCr, and YIQ spaces provided the highest average accuracy of 44.4% in classifying healthy and infected wheat kernels by using a CCD Proline camera in the ultraviolet range. In contrast, other cameras in the visible and invisible range showed low accuracy. Furthermore, the best classification accuracy of the healthy and infected samples by the use of the CFS method was obtained at 88.1%. Based on the findings, spectroscopic methodology proved to be highly effective for detecting, classifying and automatic cleaning of various agricultural seeds, with a particular emphasis on wheat kernals.
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