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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Yeast fungi'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Swiegers, Jan Hendrik. "Carnitine in yeast and filamentous fungi." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49753.

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Dissertation (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevtstee, two biochemical pathways ensure that activated cytoplasmic or peroxisomal acetyl-groups are made available for mitochondrial energy production when the cells utilise non-fermentable carbon sources. The first pathway is the glyoxylate cycle, where two activated acetyl-groups are incorporated into each cycle, which releases a C4 intermediate. This intermediate is then transported to the mitochondria where it can enter the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The second pathway is the car

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2

Cao, Juxiang Locy Robert D. "Functional genomics of GABA metabolism in yeast thermotolerance." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2007%20Fall%20Dissertations/Cao_Juxiang_41.pdf.

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3

Rome, Jacqueline Louise de. "Biosorption of heavy metals by fungi and yeast." Thesis, University of Dundee, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338281.

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4

Brady, Dean. "Bioaccumulation of metal cations by yeast and yeast cell components." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004107.

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The aim of the project was to determine whether a by-product of industrial fermentations, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, could be utilized to bioaccumulate heavy metal cations and to partially define the mechanism of accumulation. S. cerevisiae cells were found to be capable of accumulating Cu²⁺in a manner that was proportional to the external Cu²⁺ concentration and inversely proportional to the concentration of biomass. The accumulation process was only minimally affected by temperature variations between 5 and 40°C or high ambient concentrations of sodium chloride. The accumulation process was ho

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5

Beh, Ai Lin Chemical Sciences &amp Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Investigation of yeasts and yeast-like fungi associated with Australian wine grapes using cultural and molecular methods." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Chemical Sciences & Engineering, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40683.

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This thesis presents a systematic investigation ofyeasts associated with wine grapes cultivated in several Australian vineyards during the 2001-2003 vintages. Using a combination of cultural and molecular methods, yeast populations of red (Cabernet sauvignon, Merlot, Tyrian) and white (Sauvignon blanc, Semilion) grape varieties were examined throughout grape cultivation. The yeast-like fungus, Aureobasidium pullulans, was the most prevalent species found on grapes. Various species of Cryptococcus, Rhodotorula and Sporobolomyces were frequently isolated throughout grape maturation. Ripe grapes

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6

Ha, Seon-Ah. "The role of the INP53 protein in membrane trafficking in yeast /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3060102.

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7

Yip, Hopi. "Genetic manipulation of baker's yeast for improved maltose utilisation /." [Richmond, N.S.W.] : Centre for Biostructural and Biomolecular Resarch, Faculty of Science and Technolocy, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 1999. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030625.100807/index.html.

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8

Soerensen, Tine Kring. "Cloning and characterisation of a gpt gene from Aspergillus niger." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364397.

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9

Buchan, Arlene. "The roles of calcium and calmodulin in the regulation of dimorphism and pathogenicity of Candida albicans." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1995. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU083184.

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Studies on the capacity of growing and non-growing cells to be induced to grow in different morphological forms suggested that metabolically active cells are better able to undergo dimorphism than metabolically quiescent cells. Accelerated growth kinetics requiring de novo RNA and or protein biosynthesis but not DNA synthesis were observed in metabolically active cells undergoing a yeast to hyphal transition. The roles that divalent cation calcium plays in eukaryotic growth and morphogenesis are illustrated in this study with regard to C. albicans. Free calcium was required for germ tube emerg

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10

Beckhouse, Anthony Gordon Biotechnology &amp Biomolecular Sciences Faculty of Science UNSW. "The transcriptional and physiological alterations in brewers yeast when shifted from anaerobic to aerobic growth conditions." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/24201.

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Yeast are exposed to many physical and chemical stresses when used in large-scale industrial fermentations, particularly the initial stages in which yeast are shifted from anaerobic storage to aerated wort. This work investigated the transcriptional and physiological responses of yeast that had been shifted from anaerobic to aerobic growth conditions. Microarray technology was employed to determine the transcriptional changes that occurred in the first hour of a pilot-plant fermentation compared to the 23rd hour. It was found that over 100 genes were up-regulated initially including genes invo

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11

Mocke, Bernard A. "The breeding of yeast strains for novel oenological outcomes." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1117.

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12

Trollope, Kim. "Investigation of resveratrol production by genetically engineered Saccharomyces cervisiae strains /." Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1247.

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13

Speers, Robert Alexander. "Rheological and colloidal properties of commercial brewing yeast suspensions." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31517.

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A three part study was carried out to examine rheological, colloidal and floe microstructural aspects of industrial brewing yeast strains. Following a review of the literature, the rheological properties of four yeast strains (two flocculent ale and lager types and their non-flocculent variants) were examined. In related colloidal studies, orthokinetic flocculation rates of these strains as well as their cell surface charge were determined. Floc microstructure was characterized using both light and scanning electron microscopy. In a summary chapter, the cell floc model (a modification of Hunte

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14

Yip, Hopi. "Genetic manipulation of baker's yeast for improved maltose utilisation." Thesis, [Richmond, N.S.W.] : Centre for Biostructural and Biomolecular Resarch, Faculty of Science and Technolocy, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 1999. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/223.

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Two yeast/E.coli shuttle vector plasmids were studied in 1994, termed pIBIDB and pBP33. According to this study, each plasmid should contain at least one ADH2UAS (upstream activation sequence in the alcohol dehydrogenase 2 gene) insert. In the present study, the constructed plasmids were analysed and transformed into laboratory strain yeast. The aim of this project was to identify the orientation, quantity and quality of the insert in the selected plasmids. Methods such as restriction analysis, polymerase chained reaction (PCR), sequencing, plate assays and enzyme assays were used to identify

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15

Govender, Patrick. "Industrial yeast strains engineered for controlled flocculation." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1450.

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Thesis (PhD (Viticulture and Oenology. Wine Biotechnology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.<br>In many industrial fermentation processes, Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast should ideally meet two partially conflicting demands. During fermentation a high suspended yeast count is of paramount importance to maintain a rapid fermentation rate, whilst efficient flocculation should ideally be initiated only on completion of the primary alcoholic fermentation, so as to enhance product clarification and recovery. Most commercial wine yeast strains are non-flocculent, probably because this trait was co

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16

Niebauer, Ronald Thomas. "Engineering yeast cells for optimal expression of the human adenosine (A2a) receptor." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 4.52 Mb., 175 p, 2005. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3181857.

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17

Crimmins, Kay. "The significance of genetic regulation in the control of glycolysis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320258.

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The aim of this work was to establish the relative contribution of genetic regulation of the <I>PYK1</I>, <I>PFK1</I> and <I>PFK2</I> genes to the control of glycolysis. A series of isogenic mutant strains were constructed where the promoters and 5' untranslated sequences of the <I>PYK1, PFK1</I> and <I>PFK2</I> genes were replaced with those from <I>PGK1</I>. In addition , a second series of mutant strains were constructed where synthesis of Pyk1p and Pflkp was driven by the <I>PGK1<sub>Δuas</sub></I> promoter. These latter series of mutants were designed to contain weak expression of Pyklp a

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18

Bowen, Suzanne. "Stress and stationary phase characteristics in cell wall defective strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Thesis, University of Bath, 2000. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341199.

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19

Campos, Katherine Helen de Sa. "Identification and characterization of components that overcome secretion limitations of the yeast Pichia pastoris." Scholarly Commons, 2013. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/844.

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The methylotrophic yeast. Pichia pastoris, is a powerful, adaptable, and inexpensive recombinant expression system commonly used to secrete heterologous protein. Although P. pastoris is a popular host organism, secretion inefficiency continues to be a major hurdle in its ability to produce high levels of foreign protein. Optimization of cis- and trans-acting factors has greatly enhanced the secretory capabilities of P. pastoris, however protein-specific engineering of a host organism is costly and not always effective. P. pastoris' secretion inefficiency is commonly due to trans-acting factors

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20

Boeira, Lucia Schuch. "Effects of fusariotoxins on the performance of brewing yeast strains." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/560.

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21

La, Grange-Nel Karin. "Characterisation and improvement of whiskey yeast." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53327.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Scotch whiskey is of two main types, namely Scotch malt whiskey, made from malted barley alone, or Scotch grain whiskey, made from cereals, such as wheat or maize, together with malted barley. In both processes, the enzymes from the barley are responsible for starch conversion and should always be derived entirely from the malted barley. No exogenous enzymes are allowed to be added to any mashing. The enzymes involved in the conversion process to fermentable sugars, are the aand p-amylases, limit dextrinase and p-glucosida

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22

Yip, Hopi, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, and Faculty of Science and Technology. "Genetic manipulation of baker's yeast for improved maltose utilisation." THESIS_FSTA_SFS_Yip_H.xml, 1999. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/223.

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Two yeast/E.coli shuttle vector plasmids were studied in 1994, termed pIBIDB and pBP33. According to this study, each plasmid should contain at least one ADH2UAS (upstream activation sequence in the alcohol dehydrogenase 2 gene) insert. In the present study, the constructed plasmids were analysed and transformed into laboratory strain yeast. The aim of this project was to identify the orientation, quantity and quality of the insert in the selected plasmids. Methods such as restriction analysis, polymerase chained reaction (PCR), sequencing, plate assays and enzyme assays were used to identify

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23

Boynton, Primrose. "Ecological Patterns and Processes in Sarracenia Carnivorous Pitcher Plant Fungi." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10636.

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The kingdom Fungi is taxonomically and ecologically diverse, containing an estimated 1.5 million species. Fungi include decomposers, pathogens, and plant and animal mutualists. Many fungi are microorganisms, and the processes shaping microbial diversity may be fundamentally different from those that shape plants and animals. However, ecologists do not yet fully understand how fungal species are distributed over space and time. Using fungi that inhabit the water of Sarracenia carnivorous pitchers, I describe inter and intraspecific fungal diversity and investigate the processes that shape funga

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24

Stanislaw, Justina Marie. "Identification and analyzation of a gene preferentially expressed in the yeast phase of thepathogenic fungus Talaromyces marneffei." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1596025620277104.

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25

Rizzi, John. "Production of emulsifier by Torulopsis petrophilum." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=64014.

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26

Ho, Hei Ngam Jennifer. "Functional characterization of yeast NMD3 in the biogenesis and transport of the large (60S) ribosomal subunit /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3004287.

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27

Zhao, Jianming 1972. "Classification and identification of yeasts by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31564.

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Infrared spectra of microbial cells are highly specific, fingerprint-like signatures which can be used to differentiate microbial species and strains from each other. In this study, the potential applicability of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for the classification of yeast strains in terms of their biological taxonomy, their use in the production of wine, beer, and bread, and their sensitivity to killer yeast strains was investigated. Sample preparation, spectral data preprocessing methods and spectral classification techniques were also investigated. All yeast strains were g

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28

Smit, Annel. "Maltotriose transport in yeast." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21760.

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Dissertation (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The conversion of sugar into ethanol and carbon dioxide is a process that has been intertwined with human culture and long as civilized man has existed. This fermentation process has been dominated by the micro-organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae and from providing ancient seafaring explorers of a non perishable beverage to equipping bakers with a raising agent to turn flour into bread; this organism with its fermentative potential, has formed an essential part of most societies. In more recent times, many industrie

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29

You, Tao. "Modelling and simulation of amino acid starvation responses in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources. Restricted: no access until June 2, 2014, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25979.

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30

Al-Talhi, Abdullah Dakheel D. "Environmental and medical studies on microbial growth under low nutrient (oligotrophic) conditions." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340132.

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31

Davey, Claire Louise. "Reductions of aromatic carboxylic acids and nitroarenes using whole cell biotransformations." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361337.

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32

Schoeman, Heidi. "The fate of genetically modified yeast in the environment." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50489.

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Dissertation (PhD(Agric))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Considerable efforts have been made to improve strains of the wine yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae through the use of genetic engineering. Although the process is well defined, globally there is much resistance towards the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), primarily because little is known about their environmental fate and their potential effect on naturally occurring organisms. The public concern is mainly focused on the uncertainty associated with the impact of the deliberate or accidental re

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33

Muller, Christo A. "Monitoring the spreading of commercial wine yeasts in the vineyard." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53505.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.<br>Full text to be digitised and attached to bibliographic record.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Traditionally, wine has been produced by the spontaneous fermentation of grape juice by yeast that originate from the grapes and winery equipment. Research has shown that the population composition and dynamics of these yeasts and other microorganisms are very complex. Kloeckera and its anamorph, Hanseniaspora, dominate the yeast population found on the surfaces of grapes, although prevailing Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains complete the fermentation process

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34

Yang, Hui. "Chromosome dynamics and chromosomal proteins in relation to apoptotic cell death in yeast." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1594496261&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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35

Ngsee, Johnny Kuan. "Cassette mutagenic analysis of the signal peptide of yeast invertase." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27500.

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The SUC2 locus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes two forms of invertase; a constitutively expressed cytoplasmic enzyme and a glucose-repressible secreted and glycosylated enzyme which is initially produced with an amino-terminal signal peptide. The coding sequence of the SUC2 locus has been placed under the control of the constitutive ADH1 promoter and transcription terminator in a centromere based yeast plasmid vector from which invertase is expressed in a Sue" strain of yeast. Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis has been used to create a PstI site in the gene at the point encoding the sig

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36

Cai, Chunhui. "Identification and characterization of yeast synergistic regulatory interaction from high throughput data." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2010. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1190.

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37

Porter, Susan Dorothy. "Molecular genetic analysis of the saccharomyces cerevisiae Mat Locus." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29166.

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The MAT∝ locus of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes two regulatory proteins responsible for determining the ∝cell type. The MAT∝1 gene encodes ∝1, a positive regulator of ∝cell-specific genes, whereas the MAT∝2 gene encodes a negative regulator of a cell-specific genes (∝2). MAT∝2. (in conjunction with the MATα1 gene) also determines the α/∝ diploid cell type by repressing haploid-specific genes. ∝2 exerts its effect at the transcriptional level in the ∝ cell by binding to a sequence located upstream of α cell-specific genes. The present study undertook to examine, through in vitro g

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38

Herrick, David. "Structural Determinants of mRNA Turnover in Yeast: a Thesis." eScholarship@UMMS, 1989. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/39.

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Large differences exist in the decay rates of individual mRNAs yet the molecular basis for such differences is substantially unknown. We have developed a procedure for the measurement of individual mRNAs in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae which utilizes northern or dot blotting to quantitate the levels of individual mRNAs after thermal inactivation of RNA polymerase II in an rpb1-1 temperature-sensitive mutant strain (RY260). To assess the reliability of half-life measurements obtained in this manner, we have compared the results of this procedure to results obtained by three other procedur

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39

Armstrong, Gareth Owen. "The production of resveratrol by wine yeast." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52557.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Grapevine is constantly under attack from a wide variety of pathogens including viruses, bacteria and fungi. In order to ensure survival, the grapevine has developed a vast array of defense mechanisms to combat invading organisms. A key element of this disease resistance is the production of phytoalexins, of which resveratrol is the primary component. The synthesis of resveratrol, together with other structural and biochemical defense mechanisms equips the plant to combat a number of pathogens resulting in the production

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40

Ruz-Peres, Monica. "Avaliação da presença de fungos em amostras de leite cru e estudo da susceptibilidade destes microrganismos às relações temperatura/tempo empregadas nos processos de pasteurização e fervura." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-18062008-140110/.

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O presente trabalho foi delineado considerando-se a importância de fungos filamentosos e leveduras, os quais estão associados a diversas patologias no homem e animais. Deve-se considerar ainda que o leite e seus derivados lácteos contaminados com estes microrganismos podem constituir potenciais vias de transmissão de zoonoses a eles relacionados. Foram analisadas amostras de leite cru dos tipos A, B e C colhidas nas próprias propriedades leiteiras, bem como amostras de leite comercializado diretamente ao consumidor, visando-se a comparação da qualidade destes produtos quanto à presença e quant

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41

Lau, Choi-yi Candy, and 劉彩怡. "Characterization and application of MP1 homologues in penicillium marneffei." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42841203.

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42

Tekolo, Obakeng McDonald. "The osmotic stress response of basidiomycetous yeasts." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/18703.

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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Basidiomycetous yeasts are found in a wide range of geographical areas ranging from tropical forests to desert regions. These yeasts are associated with different habitats such as soil, decaying vegetative debris, living plants and animals. Some may even be opportunistic human pathogens. In most of these habitats the yeasts may periodically be exposed to adverse conditions such as osmotic stress. Forty-one basidiomycetous yeast strains obtained from culture collections and isolated from nature were studied using various metho

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43

Kriel, Johan Hendrik. "Development of synthetic signal sequences for heterologous protein secretion from Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53364.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Protein secretion and intracellular transport are highly regulated processes and involve the interplay of a multitude of proteins. A unique collection of thermosensitive secretory mutants allowed scientists to demonstrate that the secretory pathway of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is very similar to that of the higher eukaryotes. All proteins commence their journey in the endoplasmic reticulum, where they undergo amino-linked core glycosyl modification. After passage through the Golgi apparatus, where the remodelling

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44

Zhang, Daiyuan Pirtle Robert M. "Expression analysis of the fatty acid desaturase 2-4 and 2-3 genes from Gossypium hirsutum in transformed yeast cells and transgenic Arabidopsis plants." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-9002.

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45

Lau, Choi-yi Candy. "Characterization and application of MP1 homologues in penicillium marneffei." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42841203.

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46

Wang, You. "Development of yeast-based methods to screen for plant cytokinin-binding proteins." Access electronically, 2004. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20060123.141512/index.html.

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47

Flanagan, Joan Frances. "The Yeast SWI/SNF Complex Structure and Function: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2001. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/187.

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DNA is packaged within the cells' nucleus as a highly compact chromatin structure ranging between 100-400 nm fibers. The organization and alteration of this structure is mandatory in order to arbitrate DNA-mediated processes of the cell, including transcription, DNA replication, recombination and repair. Many different kinds of enzymes modify chromatin components and, in turn, regulate the accessibility of DNA. These multi-subunited enzymes have emerged as key regulators for several processes of the cell. Central to understanding how DNA-mediated processes are regulated is to comprehend the co

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48

Yan, Zhun Xu Jianping. "Mating system and mitochondrial inheritance in a basidiomycete yeast, Cryptococcus neoformans." *McMaster only, 2006.

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49

Guerreiro, Marco Alexandre Figueira Rodrigues. "Unveiling the mating system and genetic variability in the yeast Kwoniella mangroviensis using molecular approaches." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/8288.

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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Genética Molecular e Biomedicina<br>In fungi, sexual reproduction is orchestrated by genomic regions known as mating type loci (MAT), which can be defined by two physically unlinked sex determining regions (tetrapolar mating system) or a single locus (bipolar system). Kwoniella mangroviensis is a saprobic basidiomycetous yeast, belonging to the Kwoniella clade of the order Tremellales, which was described as possessing a bipolar mating-system, similar to the related pathogenic species Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii of the sister

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50

Smit, Annel. "Engineering yeast for the production of optimal levels of volatile phenols in wine." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52823.

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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Phenolic acids (principally p-coumaric and ferulic acids), which are generally esterified with tartaric acid, are natural constituents of grape must and wine, and can be released as free acids during the winemaking process by certain cinnamoyl esterase activities. Free phenolic acids can be metabolised into 4-vinyl and 4-ethyl derivatives by several microorganisms present in wine. These volatile phenols contribute to the aroma of the wine. The Bretfanomyces yeasts are well known for their ability to form volatile phenol

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