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Academic literature on the topic 'Yellow fever. [from old catalog]'
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Journal articles on the topic "Yellow fever. [from old catalog]"
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Ahmed, Qanta A., and Ziad A. Memish. "Yellow fever from Angola and Congo: a storm gathers." Tropical Doctor 47, no. 2 (April 2017): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049475517699726.
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In common with Zika, Chikungunya and Dengue, Yellow Fever (YF) is an arthropod-borne flavivirus. It is transmitted between humans and from monkeys by mosquitoes of the Aedes aegypti (its principal vector), haemogogus and albopictus varieties. Three cycles of transmission may occur: urban; sylvatic; and intermediate. Recently, sub-Saharan Africa has seen the resurgence of this neglected disease. The current YF outbreak in Angola began in December 2015 in the capital Luanda and by October 2016 there had been > 4300 suspected cases, with 376 deaths (case fatality rate = 8.8%). A total of 884 were laboratory confirmed but it is likely that case numbers may be seriously underestimated. YF has subsequently quickly spread to neighbouring Congo and further afield to Kenya and also China, this being of grave concern as this was a first introduction of YF to Asia. YF has recently hit Brazil, with 555 suspected cases and 107 deaths reported by the end of January 2017. Extremely rapid unplanned urban migration in Africa by non-immune rural populations to already densely populated cities, where high densities of mosquitoes co-exist with city dwellers in makeshift flimsy accommodation, poses a ready recipe for an epidemic of massive proportion. In such conditions, with enormously strained public services existing among the most needy and vulnerable populations, mosquito control programmes are nearly impossible. YF in Congo is a tempest barely restrained. However, it is one that can be controlled by focused and committed international collaboration, by intense and united political will and by the marriage of old and trusted techniques: a vaccine almost a century old and some of the most modern technologies available to man.
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Y., Sodipo Olutomi, Gwomson Dauda, and Lar Luret A. "Yellow fever outbreak in Plateau state, Nigeria: A re-emerging disease or a case of misdiagnosis over the years?" International Journal of Biomedical Research 9, no. 5 (May 29, 2018): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.7439/ijbr.v9i5.4768.
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Background: The first reported Yellow fever outbreak in Nigeria occurred in 1931.The latest outbreak in Nigeria, commenced in September 2017. It is active in seven states and suspected cases have been reported in sixteen states, inclusive of Plateau state. The last reported outbreak in Plateau state occurred in Jos in 1969 with an estimated 100,000 cases.Materials and Methods: The cases and health workers involved in management were interviewed. Hospital records, laboratory and surveillance data were reviewed.Results: Case 1: A 6-year-old girl from Tudun-Wada, Jos Plateau state presented with fever (38.6oC), abdominal pain, sore throat and jaundice. Liver function test (AST: 398U/L, ALT: 96U/L). Treatment included ribavirin, ceftriaxone, anti-oxidants, intravenous fluids, blood transfusion. ELISA-IgM was positive for YF, but negative on PNRT.Case 2: A 10-year-old boy from the same family with case 1 presented with fever (39.0oC), abdominal pain, diarrhoea and jaundice. Liver function test (AST: 315 U/L, ALT: 126U/L). Treatment is same as case 1 plus metronidazole. ELISA-IgM was positive for YF, but negative on PNRT, while PCR was positive for Lassa fever.Twenty-three contacts (17 healthcare workers, 6 family members) were traced and daily monitoring instituted.Conclusion: The potential for a major urban outbreak of Yellow Fever in Plateau state and Nigeria is already present. Advocacy, health education and enforcement of vector control measures need to be intensified by the State Ministry of Health. Surveillance for rapid case finding and proactive vaccination also need to be intensified to forestall a disaster.
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Goldstein, Emily J., David J. Bell, and Rory N. Gunson. "Yellow fever vaccine-associated neurological disease: it is not just the silver generation at risk." BMJ Case Reports 12, no. 5 (May 11, 2019): e229558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2019-229558.
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A 35-year-old man presented to his optician with sudden onset diplopia and a 1-week history of headaches. He was noted to have sixth nerve palsy. The following day he was admitted to hospital with confusion and expressive dysphasia. He had been due to travel to Ghana on business and had received yellow fever (YF) vaccination 18 days prior to onset of headaches. His initial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) revealed elevated protein, increased white cell count but was PCR negative for standard viral pathogens. Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 was detected by PCR in CSF at a very low level from a second lumbar puncture performed 6 days later, and the patient was treated for HSV meningoencephalitis. However, retrospective investigation for yellow fever vaccine-associated neurological disease revealed increasing titres of YF IgG in three serial CSF samples, and no evidence of HSV antibodies in CSF or plasma, ruling out HSV encephalitis.
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Chambers, Thomas J., Yan Liang, Deborah A. Droll, Jacob J. Schlesinger, Andrew D. Davidson, Peter J. Wright, and Xiaoshan Jiang. "Yellow Fever Virus/Dengue-2 Virus and Yellow Fever Virus/Dengue-4 Virus Chimeras: Biological Characterization, Immunogenicity, and Protection against Dengue Encephalitis in the Mouse Model." Journal of Virology 77, no. 6 (March 15, 2003): 3655–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.6.3655-3668.2003.
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ABSTRACT Two yellow fever virus (YFV)/dengue virus chimeras which encode the prM and E proteins of either dengue virus serotype 2 (dengue-2 virus) or dengue-4 virus within the genome of the YFV 17D strain (YF5.2iv infectious clone) were constructed and characterized for their properties in cell culture and as experimental vaccines in mice. The prM and E proteins appeared to be properly processed and glycosylated, and in plaque reduction neutralization tests and other assays of antigenic specificity, the E proteins exhibited profiles which resembled those of the homologous dengue virus serotypes. Both chimeric viruses replicated in cell lines of vertebrate and mosquito origin to levels comparable to those of homologous dengue viruses but less efficiently than the YF5.2iv parent. YFV/dengue-4 virus, but not YFV/dengue-2 virus, was neurovirulent for 3-week-old mice by intracerebral inoculation; however, both viruses were attenuated when administered by the intraperitoneal route in mice of that age. Single-dose inoculation of either chimeric virus at a dose of 105 PFU by the intraperitoneal route induced detectable levels of neutralizing antibodies against the homologous dengue virus strains. Mice which had been immunized in this manner were fully protected from challenge with homologous neurovirulent dengue viruses by intracerebral inoculation compared to unimmunized mice. Protection was associated with significant increases in geometric mean titers of neutralizing antibody compared to those for unimmunized mice. These data indicate that YFV/dengue virus chimeras elicit antibodies which represent protective memory responses in the mouse model of dengue encephalitis. The levels of neurovirulence and immunogenicity of the chimeric viruses in mice correlate with the degree of adaptation of the dengue virus strain to mice. This study supports ongoing investigations concerning the use of this technology for development of a live attenuated viral vaccine against dengue viruses.
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Duarte‐Neto, Amaro N., Marielton dos P. Cunha, Izabel Marcilio, Alice T. W. Song, Rodrigo B. Martino, Yeh‐Li Ho, Shahab Z. Pour, et al. "Yellow fever and orthotopic liver transplantation: new insights from the autopsy room for an old but re‐emerging disease." Histopathology 75, no. 5 (August 19, 2019): 638–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/his.13904.
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Okwuraiwe, Azuka Patrick, Oumar Faye, Fehintola Anthonia Ige, Ayorinde Babatunde James, Joseph Ojonugwa Shaibu, Martin Faye, Olufemi Samuel Amoo, et al. "Surveillance of Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses in Lassa Fever Suspects in Ondo State, Nigeria." European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 4, no. 3 (May 30, 2022): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejmed.2022.4.3.1245.
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Lassa Fever (LF) continues to be an endemic acute viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) illness in Nigeria. Many suspected cases of LF infection have subsequently been confirmed negative and raises concerns as to what the diagnosis of such patients could be. Hence this study was to determine the causative agents of unconfirmed LF among initially suspected cases in South Western Nigeria. In this retrospective study, blood samples originally collected from 233 suspected cases of a LF outbreak response at Owo and Ose LGAs of Ondo State, were transported in triple level packaging and stored at -80°C. All samples were screened for LF IgM and IgG markers and LF PCR. Forty-five out of the stored plasma samples were randomly retrieved and analyzed for presence of IgM for seven other VHF viruses; Chikungunya (CHIK), West Nile (WN), Rift Valley fever (RVF), Yellow fever (YF), Dengue fever (DEN), Zika and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF). Out of 45 samples screened, 1 (2.2%) was positive for YF IgM antibody. The same sample was previously confirmed LF positive by PCR. This LF and YF co-infection was from a male, 23-year old individual. The presence of co-infections of LF and YF draw to limelight the need to be broad minded in exploring for the presence of other VHF viruses in outbreaks. Further studies are needed to decipher the diagnosis of LF suspected cases.
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Guirakhoo, F., R. Weltzin, T. J. Chambers, Z. X. Zhang, K. Soike, M. Ratterree, J. Arroyo, K. Georgakopoulos, J. Catalan, and T. P. Monath. "Recombinant Chimeric Yellow Fever-Dengue Type 2 Virus Is Immunogenic and Protective in Nonhuman Primates." Journal of Virology 74, no. 12 (June 15, 2000): 5477–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.74.12.5477-5485.2000.
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ABSTRACT A chimeric yellow fever (YF)-dengue type 2 (dengue-2) virus (ChimeriVax-D2) was constructed using a recombinant cDNA infectious clone of a YF vaccine strain (YF 17D) as a backbone into which we inserted the premembrane (prM) and envelope (E) genes of dengue-2 virus (strain PUO-218 from a case of dengue fever in Bangkok, Thailand). The chimeric virus was recovered from the supernatant of Vero cells transfected with RNA transcripts and amplified once in these cells to yield a titer of 6.3 log10 PFU/ml. The ChimeriVax-D2 was not neurovirulent for 4-week-old outbred mice inoculated intracerebrally. This virus was evaluated in rhesus monkeys for its safety (induction of viremia) and protective efficacy (induction of anti-dengue-2 neutralizing antibodies and protection against challenge). In one experiment, groups of non-YF-immune monkeys received graded doses of ChimeriVax-D2; a control group received only the vaccine diluents. All monkeys (except the control group) developed a brief viremia and showed no signs of illness. Sixty-two days postimmunization, animals were challenged with 5.0 log10focus forming units (FFU) of a wild-type dengue-2 virus. No viremia (<1.7 log10 FFU/ml) was detected in any vaccinated group, whereas all animals in the placebo control group developed viremia. All vaccinated monkeys developed neutralizing antibodies in a dose-dependent response. In another experiment, viremia and production of neutralizing antibodies were determined in YF-immune monkeys that received either ChimeriVax-D2 or a wild-type dengue-2 virus. Low viremia was detected in ChimeriVax-D2-inoculated monkeys, whereas all dengue-2-immunized animals became viremic. All of these animals were protected against challenge with a wild-type dengue-2 virus, whereas all YF-immune monkeys and nonimmune controls became viremic upon challenge. Genetic stability of ChimeriVax-D2 was assessed by continuous in vitro passage in VeroPM cells. The titer of ChimeriVax-D2, the attenuated phenotype for 4-week-old mice, and the sequence of the inserted prME genes were unchanged after 18 passages in Vero cells. The high replication efficiency, attenuation phenotype in mice and monkeys, immunogenicity and protective efficacy, and genomic stability of ChimeriVax-D2 justify it as a novel vaccine candidate to be evaluated in humans.
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Awoyale, Oladayo D., Olayinka S. Ilesanmi, Aanuoluwapo A. Afolabi, and Oluwatosin E. Fakayode. "An investigation of the resurgence of yellow fever outbreak in Kwara State, Nigeria, 2018." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 12 (November 24, 2021): 6064. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20214616.
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The frequent occurrence of yellow fever (YF) outbreaks in Nigeria affirms that YF is a re-emerging public health threat. This case report therefore aimed to provide a description of a confirmed case of in Ifelodun Local Government Area of Kwara State between January and December 2018. We conducted an outbreak investigation of YF in Kwara state, Nigeria. On 18th December 2018, a 25-year-old man (Mr. A) suspected for YF was reported from Agunjin ward of Ifelodun LGA in Kwara State. Mr. A presented with a history of fever and jaundice. Laboratory investigations were conducted, and Mr. A was confirmed positive to YF Immunoglobin M from the regional World Health Organization laboratory in Dakar, Senegal, but survived the YF illness. Community survey revealed nearly 53% YF vaccination coverage using both card and history. The rapid response team in Kwara State paid courtesy visits to the palace of the Alagunjin of Agunjin who assured of the community’s cooperation. Active case search was encouraged for all healthcare workers who participated in the vaccination activity, and on-the-job trainings were conducted. To ensure 100% YF vaccine coverage in Agunjin and neighboring settlements, a mop-up vaccination program, was conducted, and all persons who received the vaccine were each issued a yellow card. To forestall a recurrence of YF outbreaks, increasing YF vaccination coverage in community settings should be promoted. Increased commitment of the government at all levels towards improving YF surveillance and providing logistics support should be prioritized.
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Kuno, Goro. "The Absence of Yellow Fever in Asia: History, Hypotheses, Vector Dispersal, Possibility of YF in Asia, and Other Enigmas." Viruses 12, no. 12 (November 25, 2020): 1349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12121349.
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Since the recent epidemics of yellow fever in Angola and Brazil as well as the importation of cases to China in 2016, there has been an increased interest in the century-old enigma, absence of yellow fever in Asia. Although this topic has been repeatedly reviewed before, the history of human intervention has never been considered a critical factor. A two-stage literature search online for this review, however, yielded a rich history indispensable for the debate over this medical enigma. As we combat the pandemic of COVID-19 coronavirus worldwide today, we can learn invaluable lessons from the historical events in Asia. In this review, I explore the history first and then critically examine in depth major hypotheses proposed in light of accumulated data, global dispersal of the principal vector, patterns of YF transmission, persistence of urban transmission, and the possibility of YF in Asia. Through this process of re-examination of the current knowledge, the subjects for research that should be conducted are identified. This review also reveals the importance of holistic approach incorporating ecological and human factors for many unresolved subjects, such as the enigma of YF absence in Asia, vector competence, vector dispersal, spillback, viral persistence and transmission mechanisms.
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Kuo, I.-Ching, Po-Liang Lu, Wei-Ru Lin, Chun-Yu Lin, Yu-Wei Chang, Tun-Chieh Chen, and Yen-Hsu Chen. "Sphingomonas paucimobilis bacteraemia and septic arthritis in a diabetic patient presenting with septic pulmonary emboli." Journal of Medical Microbiology 58, no. 9 (September 1, 2009): 1259–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.009985-0.
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Sphingomonas paucimobilis, a yellow-pigmented, aerobic, glucose non-fermenting, Gram-negative bacillus, is a rare cause of human infection normally associated with immunocompromised hosts. We report a case of bacteraemia and septic arthritis in a 47-year-old diabetic man who presented with septic pulmonary emboli due to S. paucimobilis. The patient had an initial presentation of fever, right knee pain, coughing, dyspnoea and chest pain. The infection was treated successfully by surgical debridement combined with meropenem plus ciprofloxacin, based on the patient's antibiotic susceptibility profile. To our knowledge, this is the first case report for septic pulmonary emboli having arisen from an S. paucimobilis infection.
Books on the topic "Yellow fever. [from old catalog]"
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Cohn, Jr., Samuel K. Yellow Fever. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198819660.003.0019.
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The chapter begins with the history of yellow fever in the Spanish Empire and its absence in spawning riots or attacks against the victims of the disease in the New World, despite great fear, panic, and the death principally of newly arrived and impoverished immigrants. The chapter then concentrates on yellow fever across the Deep South, the creation of ‘shotgun’ quarantines, and the first threats of collective violence from the end of the nineteenth century to the US’s yellow fever finale in 1905. These threats derived from recently arrived Sicilian workers on bayou sugar plantations and possessed the imprint of Old World cholera threats. Yet, unlike Europe’s cholera riots, suspicions relating to yellow fever never erupted into widespread rioting, destruction, or murder. Through campaigns by Italian-speaking neighbours and priests, the Sicilian workers soon gained trust and joined the campaigns to tackle the yellow fever peril.
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Huffard, R. Scott Jr. Engines of Redemption. University of North Carolina Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469652818.001.0001.
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After the upheavals of the Civil War and Reconstruction shattered the plantation economy of the Old South, white southerners turned to the railroad to reconstruct capitalism in the region. Examining the rapid growth, systemization, and consolidation of the southern railroad network, R. Scott Huffard Jr. demonstrates how economic and political elites used the symbolic power of the railroad to proclaim a New South had risen. The railroad was more than just an economic engine of growth; it was a powerful symbol of capitalism’s advance.However, as the railroad spread across the region, it also introduced new dangers and anxieties. White southerners came to fear the railroad would speed an upending of the racial order, epidemics of yellow fever, train wrecks, violent robberies, and domination by corporate monopolies. To complete the reconstruction of capitalism, railroad corporations and their allies had to sever the negative aspects of railroading from capitalism’s powers and deny the railroad’s transformative powers to black southerners. This study of the New South’s experience with the growing railroad network provides valuable insights into the history of capitalism--how it evolves, expands, and overcomes resistance.
Book chapters on the topic "Yellow fever. [from old catalog]"
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Klimasmith, Betsy. "Urban Illuminations in Ormond." In Urban Rehearsals and Novel Plots in the Early American City, 140–79. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192846211.003.0007.
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Concerned that the city’s water supply might have contributed to the devastating 1793 yellow fever outbreak, Philadelphia embarked on the nation’s first urban public works project, a waterworks that connected its citizens to one another even as it raised new fears about these links. Charles Brockden Brown dramatizes these fears in Ormond; his surprising connections to the waterworks shed new light on the novel and on the dirty work behind urban improvement. Chapter 4 explores whether a novel might play a role in shaping a city’s infrastructure. Five years after the 1793 epidemic, and after having suffered his own bout with yellow fever in New York, Brockden Brown published Ormond (1799), a novel that tracks its heroine Constantia’s emergence from enclosed domestic space to city streets of connection and contagion, characterized by deceptions, concealment, and architectural trompe l’oeil. Ormond straddles the worlds of the theatre and infrastructure, exposing a new urban ideology that covers the mechanics of urban engineering with illusionistic design, a dynamic especially visible in two Philadelphia buildings: Mathew Carey’s old haunt, the Chestnut Street Theatre, which Benjamin Henry Latrobe renovated between 1801 and 1805, and Latrobe’s neoclassical Centre Square pump house, which housed the steam engines that powered the city’s new municipal waterworks. In Ormond, urban connection takes on a threatening cast, but paradoxically offers the only hope for Philadelphia’s future. As he reflects on Philadelphia’s recovery, Brockden Brown reveals that the neighborliness the epidemic engenders is tenuous and fleeting.
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Beinart, William, and Lotte Hughes. "Plague and Urban Environments." In Environment and Empire. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199260317.003.0015.
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Our themes have so far been commodity frontiers, the transformation of nature, the beginnings of imperial environmental regulation, and the spatial dimensions of colonial cities. In this chapter we open an interrelated enquiry—into disease, specifically the third pandemic of plague. The link between environments and disease has long been made. By the late nineteenth century, as parasitology and tropical medicine made rapid strides, the precise causes of life-threatening maladies could be identified with increasing accuracy. Ross pinpointed mosquitoes as bearers of malaria and yellow fever; Bruce and others discovered the trypanosome borne by tsetse flies (see Chapter 11). Such discoveries gave environmental investigation and understanding a new urgency. They also provided arguments and scientific rationales for environmental regulation that seemed to offer the possibility of controlling disease. State intervention in controlling disease had a profound impact on some colonial environments, both urban, in this case, and rural (Chapter 11). While environmental controls were conceived as beneficial, both for British and indigenous people, they were also one way in which imperial subjects experienced political and social domination. Medical management of environmentally related diseases was sometimes strongly contested by the colonized. The same dilemma is explored in relation to conservation (Chapter 16). In a seaborne empire, as we have noted, ports were often critical sites for urban development, and formed the fundamental web of early empire. Cities, especially ports, were also centres of disease. Infections were brought into them, both by ships and from their hinterlands. They provided large concentrations of people in which disease could easily take hold, especially in the absence of efficient sanitation and healthcare. More people were becoming urbanized, living on top of one another in unsanitary and overcrowded conditions that were ideal spawning grounds for new and old infections. By the 1890s, Mumbai, a major centre of infection in India, had about 800,000 people—along with Kolkata this was a new scale of ships ‘the most convenient way to travel’, and can easily scramble on board via mooring ropes. Other factors in its spread included the bigger size of ships (hence larger colonies of rats), the large shipments of grain (which provided food and nests), and the passing of infection from ships’ rats to susceptible populations of wild rodents in California, Argentina, and South Africa.