Journal articles: 'Yellow rust on wheat crops'

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KHANFRI, Siham, Mohammed BOULIF, and Rachid LAHLALI. "Yellow Rust (Puccinia striiformis): a Serious Threat to Wheat Production Worldwide." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 10, no. 3 (September 27, 2018): 410–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb10310287.

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Wheat (Triticum sp. L.), as one of the first domesticated food crops, is the basic staple food for a large segment of population around the world. The crop though is susceptible to many fungal pathogens. Stripe rust is an important airborne disease caused by Puccinia striiformis (Pst) and is widespread wherever wheat is cultivated throughout the world, in temperate-cool and wet environments. The causal fungus of stripe rust or yellow rust is an obligate parasite that requires another living host to complete its life cycle. Pst includes five types of spores in the life cycle on two distinct hosts. Stripe rust is distinguished from other rusts by the dusty yellow lesions that grow systemically in the form of streaks between veins and on leaf sheaths. The importance and occurrence of stripe rust disease varies in cultivated wheat, depending on environmental conditions (moisture, temperature, and wind), inoculum levels and susceptible host varieties. Transcaucasia was previously thought to be the center of origin for the pathogen. However, new findings further underlined Himalayan and near-Himalayan regions as center of diversity and a more tenable center of origin for P. striiformis. Long-distance dispersal of stripe rust pathogen in the air and occasionally by human activities enables Pst to spread to new geographical areas. This disease affects quality and yield of wheat crop. Early seeding, foliar fungicide application and cultivation of resistant varieties are the main strategies for its control. The emergence of new races of Pst with high epidemic potential which can adapt to warmer temperatures has expanded virulence profiles. Subsequently, races are more aggressive than those previously characterized. These findings emphasize the need for more breeding efforts of resistant varieties and reinforcement of other management practices to prevent and overcome stripe rust epidemic around the world.

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Bhaika, Amina. "Estimation of Yellow Rust in Wheat Crop Using K-Means Segmentation." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 12 (June 1, 2012): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/dec2013/5.

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Manninger, K. "Occurrence and virulence of wheat yellow rust in Hungary during 1999–2001." Plant Protection Science 38, SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (December 31, 2017): 408–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10508-pps.

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The occurrence and virulence of wheat yellow rust in Hungary was studied in the period of 1999–2001. Yellow rust in Hungary occurred only in traces in 1999, strongly spread and reached epidemic level in Röjtökmuzsaj (West Hungary) in 2000, and the epidemic explosion was in the whole country in 2001. Surveys of yellow rust showed the importance of pathotypes, whose virulence spectra (virulent for Yr2, Yr3, Yr6, Yr7, Yr8, Yr9, Yr17, YrA+, YrCV, YrSD) were able to math the unknown resistance genes. Among 78 Hungarian and foreign cultivars 29 were strongly infected by yellow rust.

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Matveeva, Irina, Anastasia Danilova, Yuriy Kim, Olesya Miroshnichenko, and Alexander Grigoriev. "Efficacy of plant resistance inducers on cereal crops against a complex of pathogens." BIO Web of Conferences 21 (2020): 00029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202100029.

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The article describes the benefits of using plant resistance inducers on cereal crops and the basic principles of their impact on pests development (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, Puccinia triticina, Puccinia striiformis, Puccinia graminis, Puccinia hordei). The assessment results of the biological and economic effectiveness of L-479 and DL-59 preparations are presented in comparison with the chemical Kolosal,CE and biological Albit, which were used as standards for reducing the development of yellow leaf spot and rust diseases. L-479 product was found to be the most effective on wheat against brown, yellow and stem rust, and yellow leaf spot. Its biological efficacy ranged from 48.3 % to 57.0 % depending on the pathogen, and the increase in grain yield ranged from 3.7 % to 22.1 %. DL-59 product showed the best biological efficacy against dwarf leaf rust of barley – 89.8 %, the increase in grain yield was 3.5 %.

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Ali, Yasir, Muhammad A. Khan, Muhammad Atiq, Waseem Sabir, Arslan Hafeez, and Faizan A. Tahir. "OPTIMIZATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS CONDUCIVE FOR STRIPE RUST OF WHEAT." Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology 29, no. 2 (December 30, 2017): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.33866/phytopathol.029.02.0400.

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Wheat rusts are the significant diseases of wheat crop and potential threats worldwide. Among all major wheat diseases occurring in all wheat growing areas of the world, yellow rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici is a big hazard when it occurs in severe condition. The susceptible germplasm and conducive environmental conditions contribute towards wide outbreak of rust diseases. In the present study, eight wheat lines were screened out and correlated with epidemiological factors (temperature, relative humidity, rainfall and wind speed). Results showed that maximum disease severity was observed at minimum and maximum temperature ranging from 13.7-16.7 and 23.5-27.65 0C respectively. Their disease severity was increased with increase in relative humidity ranging from 52-64 %. Similarly, rain fall ranging from 5.7-21.99 mm and wind speed 6.88-11.73 km/h respectively proved conducive for yellow rust development in Sargodha. A positive correlation was observed between disease severity and all environmental factors.

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Kema, Gert H. J. "Resistance in spelt wheat to yellow rust." Euphytica 63, no. 3 (January 1992): 207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00024546.

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Kema, Gert H. J., and Wouter Lange. "Resistance in spelt wheat to yellow rust." Euphytica 63, no. 3 (January 1992): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00024547.

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Kema, Gert H. J. "Resistance in spelt wheat to yellow rust." Euphytica 63, no. 3 (January 1992): 225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00024548.

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Kharouf, Shoula, Shadi Hamzeh, and Mohamad Fawaehz Azmeh. "Races Identification of Wheat Rusts in Syria during the 2019 Growing Season." Arab Journal for Plant Protection 39, no. 1 (March 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-39.1.001013.

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Kharouf, Sh., Sh. Hamzeh and M.F. Azmeh. 2021. Races Identification of Wheat Rusts in Syria during the 2019 Growing Season. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 39(1): 1-13. Wheat rust diseases, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (stripe or yellow rust), P. triticina f. sp. tritici (leaf or brown rust) and P. graminis f. sp. tritici (stem or black rust) are important factors affecting both durum and bread wheat production in Syria. Considerable losses were caused by these diseases, especially stripe rust, estimated at more than one million metric tons, in the 2010 season, out of 5 million anticipated production. Therefore, it is essential to monitor and follow the movement of these three rust physiological races. In the 2019 growing season, 165 wheat fields were surveyed, and 312 samples were collected and characterized. Ten races of stripe rust were identified in ten locations, of which, four represent new record in Syria, namely the races 16E154, 69E150, 264E46 and 258E64. In addition, four races of leaf rust were identified in four locations, one of which (BKLP) is a new record in Syria. In addition, three previously recorded stem rust races were identified from three different locations. It should be mentioned that the newly recorded races of stripe rust are able to overcome resistance genes Yr1 and Yr5, on which the resistance of durum wheat cultivars such as "Cham3" depended, with a disease severity of 40S recorded in the same locations. It is also worth noting that the stripe rust race 462E128 (warrior) was not detected in the isolates studied. Likewise, the stem rust race Ug99 was also not identified, and because of the aggressiveness of this race, continuous inspection through field surveys accompanied with pathogenicity tests is essential during the coming seasons. Keywords: Stripe (yellow) rust, Leaf (brown) rust, stem (black) rust, race identification, wheat, Syria

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Krishna, G., R. N. Sahoo, S. Pargal, V. K. Gupta, P. Sinha, S. Bhagat, M. S. Saharan, R. Singh, and C. Chattopadhyay. "Assessing Wheat Yellow Rust Disease through Hyperspectral Remote Sensing." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-8 (December 23, 2014): 1413–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-8-1413-2014.

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The potential of hyperspectral reflectance data was explored to assess severity of yellow rust disease (Biotroph Pucciniastriiformis) of winter wheat in the present study. The hyperspectral remote sensing data was collected for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropat different levels of disease infestation using field spectroradiometer over the spectral range of 350 to 2500 nm. The partial least squares (PLS) and multiple linear (MLR) regression techniques were used to identify suitable bands and develop spectral models for assessing severity of yellow rust disease in winter wheat crop. The PLS model based on the full spectral range and n = 36, yielded a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.96, a standard error of cross validation (SECV) of 12.74 and a root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV) of 12.41. The validation analysis of this PLS model yielded r2 as 0.93 with a SEP (Standard Error of Prediction) of 7.80 and a RMSEP (Root Mean Square Error of prediction) of 7.46. The loading weights of latent variables from PLS model were used to identify sensitive wavelengths. To assess their suitability multiple linear regression (MLR) model was applied on these wavelengths which resulted in a MLR model with three identified wavelength bands (428 nm, 672 nm and 1399 nm). MLR model yielded acceptable results in the form of r2 as 0.89 for calibration and 0.90 for validation with SEP of 3.90 and RMSEP of 3.70. The result showed that the developed model had a great potential for precise delineation and detection of yellow rust disease in winter wheat crop.

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Zheng, Qiong, Huichun Ye, Wenjiang Huang, Yingying Dong, Hao Jiang, Chongyang Wang, Dan Li, Li Wang, and Shuisen Chen. "Integrating Spectral Information and Meteorological Data to Monitor Wheat Yellow Rust at a Regional Scale: A Case Study." Remote Sensing 13, no. 2 (January 14, 2021): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13020278.

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Wheat yellow rust has a severe impact on wheat production and threatens food security in China; as such, an effective monitoring method is necessary at the regional scale. We propose a model for yellow rust monitoring based on Sentinel-2 multispectral images and a series of two-stage vegetation indices and meteorological data. Sensitive spectral vegetation indices (single- and two-stage indices) and meteorological features for wheat yellow rust discrimination were selected using the random forest method. Wheat yellow rust monitoring models were established using three different classification methods: linear discriminant analysis (LDA), support vector machine (SVM), and artificial neural network (ANN). The results show that models based on two-stage indices (i.e., those calculated using images from two different days) significantly outperform single-stage index models (i.e., those calculated using an image from a single day), the overall accuracy improved from 63.2% to 78.9%. The classification accuracies of models combining a vegetation index with meteorological feature are higher than those of pure vegetation index models. Among them, the model based on two-stage vegetation indices and meteorological features performs best, with a classification accuracy exceeding 73.7%. The SVM algorithm performed best for wheat yellow rust monitoring among the three algorithms; its classification accuracy (84.2%) was ~10.5% and 5.3% greater than those of LDA and ANN, respectively. Combined with crop growth and environmental information, our model has great potential for monitoring wheat yellow rust at a regional scale. Future work will focus on regional-scale monitoring and forecasting of crop disease.

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Yahyaoui, A. H., M. S. Hakim, M. El Naimi, and N. Rbeiz. "Evolution of Physiologic Races and Virulence of Puccinia striiformis on Wheat in Syria and Lebanon." Plant Disease 86, no. 5 (May 2002): 499–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.5.499.

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Virulence-avirulence phenotypes of Puccinia striiformis isolates collected in Lebanon and Syria were determined on seedlings of the wheat-yellow rust differential genotypes. We found 25 and 11 physiologic races over 6 years (1994 to 1999) in Syria and Lebanon, respectively. The composition of physiologic races found in Syria and Lebanon differed greatly between 1994 and 1999. Races identified in 1999, such as 230E150 and 230E134, have wider spectra of virulence on resistant genotypes than races collected in 1994. In Lebanon, three races were found in 1994 compared with six races in 1999. Yellow rust differential genotypes were used in a trap nursery to monitor yellow rust populations under natural conditions. Races identified from cultivars in the trap nursery in Syria and Lebanon, and from land race cultivars in Iraq, were recovered among the races identified from farm fields. Yellow rust samples were collected from Yemen, and none of the races identified from Yemen samples were identical to those in Syria and Lebanon. Virulence frequencies in the yellow rust population on the differential genotypes tested in the trap nurseries were above 70% for some resistance genes. Yellow rust populations in Syria and Lebanon have diverse virulence phenotypes. P. striiformis populations appear to be changing over, and this would be an important consideration for wheat breeding programs in the region.

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Chen, Wanquan, Colin Wellings, Xianming Chen, Zhengsheng Kang, and Taiguo Liu. "Wheat stripe (yellow) rust caused byPuccinia striiformisf. sp.tritici." Molecular Plant Pathology 15, no. 5 (May 6, 2014): 433–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mpp.12116.

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Calvo-Salazar, V., R. P. Singh, J. Huerta-Espino, S. Cruz-Izquierdo, R. Lobato-Ortiz, S. Sandoval-Islas, M. Vargas-Hernández, et al. "Genetic Analysis of Resistance to Leaf Rust and Yellow Rust in Spring Wheat Cultivar Kenya Kongoni." Plant Disease 99, no. 8 (August 2015): 1153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-07-14-0718-re.

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The Kenyan wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) ‘Kenya Kongoni’ exhibits high levels of adult plant resistance (APR) to leaf rust (LR) and yellow rust (YR). We determined the genomic regions associated with LR and YR resistance in a population of 148 recombinant inbred lines generated from a cross between ‘Avocet-YrA’ and Kenya Kongoni. Field experiments to characterize APR to LR and YR were conducted in four and two Mexican or Uruguayan environments, respectively. A linkage map was constructed with 438 diversity arrays technology and 16 simple-sequence repeat markers by JoinMap 4.1 software. Genetic analyses showed that resistance to both rusts was determined by four to five APR genes, including Lr46/Yr29 and Sr2/Lr27/Yr30. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis indicated that pleiotropic APR loci QYLr.cim-1BL corresponding to Lr46/Yr29 and QYLr.cim-7BL that is a putative novel QTL accounted for 5 to 57% and 12 to 35% of the phenotypic variation for resistance to LR and YR, respectively. These loci, in combination with another three LR QTL and two YR QTL, respectively, conferred high levels of resistance to both LR and YR in wheat under Mexican and Uruguayan environments. Among other detected QTL, QLr.cim-1DS, QLr.cim-2BL, and QYLr.icm-7BL may be new loci for APR to both rusts in common wheat.

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Baranova*, O. A., S. N. Sibikeev, A. E. Druzhin, and I. D. Sozina. "Loss of effectiveness of stem rust resistance genes Sr25 and Sr6Agi in the Lower Volga region." PLANT PROTECTION NEWS 104, no. 2 (July 16, 2021): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31993/2308-6459-2021-104-2-14994.

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Wheat is one of the most important food crops in Russia. Rust diseases (leaf, yellow and stem rusts) are particularly dangerous diseases of wheat that threaten food security. The stem rust (the causative agent is a biotrophic fungus Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) is the most damaging; crop losses can reach 50 to 80% and more. The paper presents the results of the analysis of resistance to stem rust of 189 introgressive lines of spring soft wheat breeding ARISER and 11 varieties cultivated in the Lower Volga region in the growing season 2016-2020. The results of phytopathological assessment of virulence of Saratov pathogen population 2016-2020 are also presented. It is shown that Sr13, Sr26, Sr31, Sr35 and combinations of Sr24+31, Sr36+31 and Sr26+9g genes are effective for Saratov populations of P. graminis 2016 - 2020. No isolates virulent to the line with the Sr31 gene have been identified in all years of research. Analysis of resistance in wheat varieties and lines showed a loss of Sr6Agi gene efficacy from 2016 and a gradual loss of Sr25 efficacy by 2020. In 2020, varieties carrying the Sr25 gene (Lebedushka and Dobrynya) and lines with this gene affected the Saratov population of stem rust, both under laboratory conditions and in the field on a natural infection background. In the analyzed 189 introgressed lines, Sr25/Lr19 (77.2%) and Sr31/Lr26 (22.2%) genes were mainly identified, Sr22, Sr35, Sr28, Sr38/Lr37 and Sr57/Lr34 genes were also identified. Fifty lines carrying the combination of Sr31 with Sr25/Lr19 and Sr6Agi have been identified as highly resistant to stem rust. Thus, it was shown that Sr31 gene was effective against P. graminis populations in Volga region, while Sr6Agi and Sr25 genes lost their effectiveness in Volga region.

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Akfirat, F., Y. Aydin, F. Ertugrul, S. Hasancebi, H. Budak, K. Akan, Z. Mert, N. Bolat, and A. Uncuoglu. "A microsatellite marker for yellow rust resistance in wheat." Cereal Research Communications 38, no. 2 (June 2010): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/crc.38.2010.2.6.

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BOYD, L. A. "Can Robigus defeat an old enemy? – Yellow rust of wheat." Journal of Agricultural Science 143, no. 4 (August 2005): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859605005095.

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The rust diseases have plagued cereal cultivation from the early days of domestication. Biblical accounts report on the plight of Hebrews resulting from severe rust epidemics, while the ancient Greeks and Romans made offerings to the corn god, Robigus in attempts to defeat these devastating diseases (McIntosh et al. 1995). Man's approaches to fighting plant disease have changed since the time of the Romans, but still the fight continues. While we may have won many battles, the war is not yet over.

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Chen, Xianming, and Roland F. Line. "Inheritance of stripe rust (yellow rust) resistance in the wheat cultivar Carstens V." Euphytica 71, no. 1-2 (1993): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00023473.

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Cuthbert, R. D., R. M. DePauw, R. E. Knox, A. K. Singh, T. N. McCaig, B. McCallum, and T. Fetch. "AAC W1876 hard red spring wheat." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 98, no. 3 (June 1, 2018): 799–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2017-0326.

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AAC W1876 hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has grain yield and time to maturity within the range of the check cultivars: Katepwa, Laura, Lillian, Carberry, and CDC Kernen. AAC W1876 has an awned spike, a low lodging score indicative of strong straw, and a short plant stature typical of a semidwarf wheat. AAC W1876 expressed resistance to prevalent races of leaf rust, moderate resistance to stem rust, and intermediate resistance to Fusarium head blight, yellow rust, common bunt, and loose smut. Compared with the Canada Western Red Spring check cultivars, AAC W1876 had improved flour yield and lower flour ash. AAC W1876 is eligible for grades of Canada Western Red Spring.

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Cuthbert, R. D., R. M. DePauw, R. E. Knox, A. K. Singh, B. McCallum, and T. Fetch. "AAC Viewfield hard red spring wheat." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 99, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2018-0147.

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AAC Viewfield hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has a grain yield significantly higher than the check cultivars Katepwa and Lillian and is similar to Carberry. AAC Viewfield matures significantly later than Katewpa and Lillian but is similar to Carberry. AAC Viewfield has an awned spike, a low lodging score (indicative of strong straw), and significantly shorter plant stature than all checks. AAC Viewfield expressed resistance to prevalent races of yellow rust and stem rust, moderate resistance to leaf rust and common bunt, and intermediate resistance to Fusarium head blight. AAC Viewfield has quality attributes within the range of the check cultivars and is eligible for grades of Canada Western Red Spring wheat.

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William, H. M., R. P. Singh, J. Huerta-Espino, G. Palacios, and K. Suenaga. "Characterization of genetic loci conferring adult plant resistance to leaf rust and stripe rust in spring wheat." Genome 49, no. 8 (August 1, 2006): 977–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g06-052.

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Leaf (brown) and stripe (yellow) rusts, caused by Puccinia triticina and Puccinia striiformis, respectively, are fungal diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum) that cause significant yield losses annually in many wheat-growing regions of the world. The objectives of our study were to characterize genetic loci associated with resistance to leaf and stripe rusts using molecular markers in a population derived from a cross between the rust-susceptible cultivar 'Avocet S' and the resistant cultivar 'Pavon76'. Using bulked segregant analysis and partial linkage mapping with AFLPs, SSRs and RFLPs, we identified 6 independent loci that contributed to slow rusting or adult plant resistance (APR) to the 2 rust diseases. Using marker information available from existing linkage maps, we have identified additional markers associated with resistance to these 2 diseases and established several linkage groups in the 'Avocet S' × 'Pavon76' population. The putative loci identified on chromosomes 1BL, 4BL, and 6AL influenced resistance to both stripe and leaf rust. The loci on chromosomes 3BS and 6BL had significant effects only on stripe rust, whereas another locus, characterized by AFLP markers, had minor effects on leaf rust only. Data derived from Interval mapping indicated that the loci identified explained 53% of the total phenotypic variation (R2) for stripe rust and 57% for leaf rust averaged across 3 sets of field data. A single chromosome recombinant line population segregating for chromosome 1B was used to map Lr46/Yr29 as a single Mendelian locus. Characterization of slow-rusting genes for leaf and stripe rust in improved wheat germplasm would enable wheat breeders to combine these additional loci with known slow-rusting loci to generate wheat cultivars with higher levels of slow-rusting resistance.Key words: Puccinia triticina, Puccinia striiformis, Triticum aestivum, bulked segregant analysis, single chromosome recombinant lines, linkage mapping, adult plant resistance.

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Singh, A. K., J. M. Clarke, R. E. Knox, R. M. DePauw, I. Wise, J. Thomas, T. N. McCaig, R. D. Cuthbert, F. R. Clarke, and M. R. Fernandez. "AAC Marchwell durum wheat." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 95, no. 1 (January 2015): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps-2014-223.

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Singh, A. K, Clarke, J. M., Knox, R. E., DePauw, R. M., Wise, I., Thomas, J., McCaig, T. N., Cuthbert, R. D., Clarke, F. R. and Fernandez, M.R. 2015. AAC Marchwell durum wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 189–195. AAC Marchwell durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] is adapted to the durum production area of th Canadian prairies. AAC Marchwell is the first durum genotype registered for commercial production in Canada with the Sm1 gene for antibiosis-based resistance to orange wheat blossom midge [Sitodiplosis modellana (Gehin)]. It combines high grain yield, grain protein concentration, yellow pigment, test weight, and low grain cadmium concentration. AAC Marchwell has similar straw strength, plant height, and days to maturity as Strongfield. AAC Marchwell is resistant to leaf rust, stem rust, stripe rust, common bunt, loose smut, and common root rot. AAC Marchwell has end use quality suitable for the Canada Western Amber Durum class.

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Genievskaya, Yuliya, Yerlan Turuspekov, Aralbek Rsaliyev, and Saule Abugalieva. "Genome-wide association mapping for resistance to leaf, stem, and yellow rusts of common wheat under field conditions of South Kazakhstan." PeerJ 8 (August 31, 2020): e9820. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9820.

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Common or bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most important cereal crop in the world, including Kazakhstan, where it is a major agricultural commodity. Fungal pathogens producing leaf, stem, and yellow (stripe) rusts of wheat may cause yield losses of up to 50–60%. One of the most effective methods for preventing these losses is to develop resistant cultivars with high yield potential. This goal can be achieved using complex breeding studies, including the identification of key genetic factors controlling rust disease resistance. In this study, a panel consisting of 215 common wheat cultivars and breeding lines from Kazakhstan, Russia, Europe, USA, Canada, Mexico, and Australia, with a wide range of resistance to leaf rust (LR), stem rust (SR), and yellow rust (YR) diseases, was analyzed under field conditions in Southern Kazakhstan. The collection was genotyped using the 20K Illumina iSelect DNA array, where 11,510 informative single-nucleotide polymorphism markers were selected for further genome-wide association study (GWAS). Evaluation of the phenotypic diversity over 2 years showed a mostly mixed reaction to LR, mixed reaction/moderate susceptibility to SR, and moderate resistance to YR among wheat accessions from Kazakhstan. GWAS revealed 45 marker–trait associations (MTAs), including 23 for LR, 14 for SR, and eight for YR resistances. Three MTAs for LR resistance and one for SR resistance appeared to be novel. The MTAs identified in this work can be used for marker-assisted selection of common wheat in Kazakhstan in breeding new cultivars resistant to LR, SR, and YR diseases. These findings can be helpful for pyramiding genes with favorable alleles in promising cultivars and lines.

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Tehseen, Muhammad Massub, Zakaria Kehel, Carolina P. Sansaloni, Marta da Silva Lopes, Ahmed Amri, Ezgi Kurtulus, and Kumarse Nazari. "Comparison of Genomic Prediction Methods for Yellow, Stem, and Leaf Rust Resistance in Wheat Landraces from Afghanistan." Plants 10, no. 3 (March 16, 2021): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10030558.

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Wheat rust diseases, including yellow rust (Yr; also known as stripe rust) caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici, leaf rust (Lr) caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks. and stem rust (Sr) caused by Puccinia graminis Pres f. sp. tritici are major threats to wheat production all around the globe. Durable resistance to wheat rust diseases can be achieved through genomic-assisted prediction of resistant accessions to increase genetic gain per unit time. Genomic prediction (GP) is a promising technology that uses genomic markers to estimate genomic-assisted breeding values (GBEVs) for selecting resistant plant genotypes and accumulating favorable alleles for adult plant resistance (APR) to wheat rust diseases. To evaluate GP we compared the predictive ability of nine different parametric, semi-parametric and Bayesian models including Genomic Unbiased Linear Prediction (GBLUP), Ridge Regression (RR), Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO), Elastic Net (EN), Bayesian Ridge Regression (BRR), Bayesian A (BA), Bayesian B (BB), Bayesian C (BC) and Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spacing model (RKHS) to estimate GEBV’s for APR to yellow, leaf and stem rust of wheat in a panel of 363 bread wheat landraces of Afghanistan origin. Based on five-fold cross validation the mean predictive abilities were 0.33, 0.30, 0.38, and 0.33 for Yr (2016), Yr (2017), Lr, and Sr, respectively. No single model outperformed the rest of the models for all traits. LASSO and EN showed the lowest predictive ability in four of the five traits. GBLUP and RR gave similar predictive abilities, whereas Bayesian models were not significantly different from each other as well. We also investigated the effect of the number of genotypes and the markers used in the analysis on the predictive ability of the GP model. The predictive ability was highest with 1000 markers and there was a linear trend in the predictive ability and the size of the training population. The results of the study are encouraging, confirming the feasibility of GP to be effectively applied in breeding programs for resistance to all three wheat rust diseases.

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Smith, Phil H., John A. Howie, Anthony J. Worland, Rebecca Stratford, and Lesley A. Boyd. "Mutations in Wheat Exhibiting Growth-Stage-Specific Resistance to Biotrophic Fungal Pathogens." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 17, no. 11 (November 2004): 1242–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2004.17.11.1242.

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Two mutants were isolated in wheat that showed enhanced resistance towards Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, the fungal causal agent of yellow rust. The altered phenotype of I3-48 is due to a minimum of two mutation events, each showing a partial, additive effect, with one mutation segregating with a deletion on the long arm of chromosome 4D. In the case of I3-54, the enhanced resistance is due to a single, dominant mutation. In both mutants, the expression of the enhanced resistance is growth-stage specific. With I3-54, the full resistance phenotype is apparent from the third seedling leaf onwards, while with I3-48, a full resistance phenotype is only seen on the tenth and subsequent leaves. In addition to the enhanced resistance towards yellow rust, I3-48 also shows enhanced resistance towards brown rust, and I3-54 shows enhanced resistance to powdery mildew.

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van den Berg, F., and F. van den Bosch. "The Elasticity of the Epidemic Growth Rate to Observed Weather Patterns with an Application to Yellow Rust." Phytopathology® 97, no. 11 (November 2007): 1512–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-97-11-1512.

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We extend a previously developed method that quantifies the sensitivity of the exponential epidemic growth rate, r, to weather changes, through a pathogen's life cycle components (basic reproduction number, latent period, and mean and standard deviation of the spore production curve). Here a method is developed to study the elasticities of the system and subsequently the model is linked to observed weather patterns. This enables a direct comparison between the effects of different weather variables (temperature, surface wetness duration, and light quantity) under realistic weather scenarios. The three sites studied represent areas within the United Kingdom with contrasting climates. Yellow rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis, on winter wheat is studied as a key application. Our results show that temperature and more importantly changes in temperature through their effect on pathogen reproduction have the largest effect on r. The long latent period at low winter temperatures is not a key component in the epidemic development, which is contrary to general beliefs. The results combined with long term average yellow rust severity patterns show that it is winter survival and not summer survival that controls the eventual disease severity. The results also show that within the current United Kingdom spraying regime on wheat crops against yellow rust, the first spray should mainly affect the basic reproduction number, i.e., should be a protectant spray, whereas the second spray should also affect the latent period, i.e., should also have curative action.

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Silfhout, C. H., and Z. K. Gerechter-Amitai. "Adult-plant resistance to yellow rust in wild emmer wheat." Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology 94, no. 5 (September 1988): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01977317.

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Khatra, Amina. "Yellow Rust Extraction in Wheat Crop based on Color Segmentation Techniques." IOSR Journal of Engineering 3, no. 12 (December 2013): 56–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/3021-031215658.

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Cuthbert, R. D., R. M. DePauw, R. E. Knox, A. K. Singh, T. N. McCaig, T. Fetch, and B. McCallum. "AAC Elie hard red spring wheat." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 96, no. 5 (October 1, 2016): 919–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2015-0291.

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AAC Elie hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has grain yield and time to maturity within the range of the checks. AAC Elie has an awned spike, a low lodging score indicative of strong straw, and a short plant stature typical of a semidwarf. These traits were comparable to the check Carberry. AAC Elie expressed resistance to prevalent races of leaf and stem rust, and intermediate resistance to fusarium head blight, yellow rust, common bunt, and loose smut. Compared with the five Canada Western Red Spring checks, AAC Elie has improved flour yield, and lower flower ash. AAC Elie is eligible for grades of Canada Western Red Spring.

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Ambrozková, M., F. Dedryver, V. Dumalasová, A. Hanzalová, and P. Bartoš. "Determination of the cluster of wheat rust resistance genes Yr17, Lr37, and Sr38 by a molecular marker." Plant Protection Science 38, No. 2 (February 6, 2012): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4849-pps.

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A translocation from Aegilops ventricosa carrying genes Yr17, Lr37 and Sr38 was verified in cultivars Hussar, Eureka, Torfrida, Renan, Rendezvous, Rapier and Brigadier by the molecular marker SCARSC-Y15. Of the cultivars recently registered in the Czech Republic, only the western European cultivars Corsaire, Apache, Complet and Bill possessed the translocation carrying Yr17, Lr37 and Sr38. Cultivars Corsaire, Apache, Bill and Complet were highly or medium resistant to yellow rust and leaf rust in 1999–2001 field trials at Prague-Ruzyně, although virulence to Yr17 was found in the 2001 virulence survey also in the Czech Republic. Cultivars Corsaire, Apache and Bill displayed an above average resistance to stem rust, whereas Complet was susceptible.

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Navabi, A., J. P. Tewari, R. P. Singh, B. McCallum, A. Laroche, and K. G. Briggs. "Inheritance and QTL analysis of durable resistance to stripe and leaf rusts in an Australian cultivar, Triticum aestivum 'Cook'." Genome 48, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g04-100.

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An F4-derived F6 recombinant inbred line population (n = 148) of a cross between the durable stripe (yellow) rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis) and leaf (brown) rust (caused by Puccinia triticina) resistant cultivar, Triticum aestivum 'Cook', and susceptible genotype Avocet-YrA was phenotyped at several locations in Canada and Mexico under artificial epidemics of leaf or stripe rusts and genotyped using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and microsatellite markers. Durable adult plant resistance to stripe and leaf rusts in 'Cook' is inherited quantitatively and was based on the additive interaction of linked and (or) pleiotropic slow-rusting genes Lr34 and Yr18 and the temperature-sensitive stripe rust resistance gene, YrCK, with additional genetic factors. Identified QTLs accounted for 18% to 31% of the phenotypic variation in leaf and stripe rust reactions, respectively. In accordance with the high phenotypic associations between leaf and stripe rust resistance, some of the identified QTLs appeared to be linked and (or) pleiotropic for both rusts across tests. Although a QTL was identified on chromosome 7D with significant effects on both rusts at some testing locations, it was not possible to refine the location of Lr34 or Yr18 because of the scarcity of markers in this region. The temperature-sensitive stripe rust resistance response, conditioned by the YrCK gene, significantly contributed to overall resistance to both rusts, indicating that this gene also had pleiotropic effects.Key words: wheat, rust diseases, Puccinia striiformis, Puccinia triticina, durable resistance, leaf-tip necrosis, QTL analysis.

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Farahani, Hadis, Manoochehr Khodarahmi, Khodadad Mostafavi, and Shapur Ebrahimnejad. "Inheritance of resistance to wheat yellow rust at adult plant stage." Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection 47, no. 10 (September 18, 2013): 1202–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2013.835985.

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Hasancebi, S., Z. Mert, F. Ertugrul, K. Akan, Y. Aydin, F. Senturk Akfirat, and A. Altinkut Uncuoglu. "An EST-SSR marker, bu099658, and its potential use in breeding for yellow rust resistance in wheat." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 50, No. 1 (February 13, 2014): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/109/2013-cjgpb.

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EST-SSR markers, derived from the A and B genomes of wheat were used to identify molecular markers associated with yellow rust resistance. For this purpose, bulk segregant analysis was performed using 114 EST-SSR primer pairs. They were screened on the parent genotypes and resistant/susceptible DNA pools from the cross between Izgi2001 (resistant male parent) × ES14 (susceptible female parent) at the seedling and adult plant stage. An EST-SSR marker, bu099658, generated the 206 bp DNA fragment that was present in the resistant parent and resistant bulk, but it was not present in the susceptible parent and the susceptible bulk. To investigate its association with Yr genes, 20 individuals of NILs were also amplified with BU099658 and the 206 bp marker fragment was obtained only in Yr1/6 × Avocet S. Additionally, bu099658 was screened on 65 genotypes which possessed different Yr genes/gene combination(s) and Yr1. The results indicate a close linkage of bu099658 with the Yr1 gene.

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Blackall, James L., Jie Wang, Mostafa R. A. Nabawy, Mark K. Quinn, and Bruce D. Grieve. "Development of a Passive Spore Sampler for Capture Enhancement of Airborne Crop Pathogens." Fluids 5, no. 2 (June 18, 2020): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids5020097.

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Yellow rust spores currently blight commercial and domestic wheat production in areas of East Africa such as Ethiopia. Yellow rust is a hazard to crops which appears asymptomatic for a time, but inevitably causes significant losses in yield once symptoms of infection manifest themselves to the point where they can be readily observed by the naked eye. Regionally recurrent losses of up to 5% are common and reach as high as 25% in rare cases. Historically, spore sampling has been undertaken by large, cumbersome devices that require heavy power supplies and significant expertise to reliably operate. Moreover, tools for the design and development of such devices are currently limited. This paper, therefore, proposes design and testing processes to develop a spore sampling device that is compact, passive (requires no power to operate), and can better direct spores onto a biomimetic sensor platform enhancing the capture and detection of pathogens. This represents a novel design context for fluidic devices. Performance of the device has been simulated using Lagrangian particle tracking embedded into computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, demonstrating significant improvements across a range of spore Stokes numbers. Experimental validation of numerical simulations was performed using wind tunnel testing and practical performance such as weathervaning was demonstrated. Results show that that the developed sampler is capable of enhancing the probability of yellow rust spores interacting with an internal sensor by a factor of between 20 and 25; demonstrating the effectiveness of the developed design.

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Lemerle, D., HongYuan Tang, GM Murray, S. Morris, and HY Tang. "Survey of weeds and diseases in cereal crops in the southern wheat belt of New South Wales." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 36, no. 5 (1996): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9960545.

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A field survey of weeds in 86 cereal crops in southern New South Wales was conducted in spring 1993 to determine weed and disease distributions, and their levels of infestation. Fifty weed species from 19 families were identified. The most widespread species were Arctotheca calendula (capeweed) in 76% of fields, Avena spp. (wild oats) in 72%, Trifolium subterraneum (subterranean clover) in 69%, Lolium rigidum (annual ryegrass) in 69%, Vulpia spp. (silvergrass) in 63%, Juncus bufonius (toad rush) in 62%, Crassula spp. (stonecrop) in 37%, Polygonum aviculare (wireweed) in 37%, Fumaria spp. (fumitory) in 36%, Chondrilla juncea (skeleton weed) in 36%, Rumex acetosella (sorrel) in 28% and Hordeum spp. (barley grass) in 26%. Some species were associated with region and previous crop. Levels of weed infestation, based on a visual assessment of the relative weed-crop ground cover, plant density and height, were surprisingly high. A questionnaire completed by 181 farmers and 30 agronomists, to determine their perceptions of the most abundant weeds, showed close agreement with the field survey. Current weeds were generally considered difficult to control and expected to be a continuing problem. The exception was Raphanus raphanistrum (wild radish) which had a low incidence, but was expected to become more serious. The root disease, take-all (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici), was recorded in 32% of the 56 wheat crops examined. It was associated with a previous pasture, lupin or cereal crop, but was absent when the previous crop was canola. Another root disease, rhizoctonia bare patch, was found in only one wheat crop. Common foliar diseases were ring spot (Pyrenophora semeniperda) in 57% of wheat crops, septoria tritici blotch (Mycosphaerella graminicola) in 23%, yellow spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis) in 2 1 %, stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis) in 3%, and septoria nodorum blotch (Phaeosphaeria nodorum) in 2%. These diseases were generally present on less than 5% of crop leaf area.

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Ochoa, J. B., D. L. Danial, and B. Paucar. "Virulence of wheat yellow rust races and resistance genes of wheat cultivars in Ecuador." Euphytica 153, no. 3 (August 30, 2006): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10681-006-9230-4.

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Sackett, K. E., and C. C. Mundt. "Effect of plot geometry on epidemic velocity of wheat yellow rust." Plant Pathology 58, no. 2 (April 2009): 370–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2008.01954.x.

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Mallard, S., D. Gaudet, A. Aldeia, C. Abelard, A. L. Besnard, P. Sourdille, and F. Dedryver. "Genetic analysis of durable resistance to yellow rust in bread wheat." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 110, no. 8 (April 20, 2005): 1401–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00122-005-1954-3.

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Su, Jinya, Cunjia Liu, Xiaoping Hu, Xiangming Xu, Lei Guo, and Wen-Hua Chen. "Spatio-temporal monitoring of wheat yellow rust using UAV multispectral imagery." Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 167 (December 2019): 105035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2019.105035.

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Jiazhi, Pang, Sun Rongjin, Yang Zhigang, and Zhou Giuying. "Monosomic Analyses of Yellow Rust and Leaf Rust Resistance Genes in Winter Wheat Cultivar 'Fengkang 2'." Plant Breeding 110, no. 2 (March 1993): 153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1993.tb01227.x.

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Te Beest, D. E., N. D. Paveley, M. W. Shaw, and F. van den Bosch. "Disease–Weather Relationships for Powdery Mildew and Yellow Rust on Winter Wheat." Phytopathology® 98, no. 5 (May 2008): 609–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-98-5-0609.

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Key weather factors determining the occurrence and severity of powdery mildew and yellow rust epidemics on winter wheat were identified. Empirical models were formulated to qualitatively predict a damaging epidemic (>5% severity) and quantitatively predict the disease severity given a damaging epidemic occurred. The disease data used was from field experiments at 12 locations in the UK covering the period from 1994 to 2002 with matching data from weather stations within a 5 km range. Wind in December to February was the most influential factor for a damaging epidemic of powdery mildew. Disease severity was best identified by a model with temperature, humidity, and rain in April to June. For yellow rust, the temperature in February to June was the most influential factor for a damaging epidemic as well as for disease severity. The qualitative models identified favorable circumstances for damaging epidemics, but damaging epidemics did not always occur in such circumstances, probably due to other factors such as the availability of initial inoculum and cultivar resistance.

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Basnet, B. R., R. P. Singh, S. A. Herrera-Foessel, A. M. H. Ibrahim, J. Huerta-Espino, V. Calvo-Salazar, and J. C. Rudd. "Genetic Analysis of Adult Plant Resistance to Yellow Rust and Leaf Rust in Common Spring Wheat Quaiu 3." Plant Disease 97, no. 6 (June 2013): 728–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-02-12-0141-re.

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Identifying and utilizing rust resistance genes in wheat has been hampered by the continuous and rapid emergence of new pathogen races. A major focus of many wheat breeding programs is achieving durable adult plant resistance (APR) to yellow (stripe) rust (YR) and leaf (brown) rust (LR), caused by Puccinia striiformis and P. triticina, respectively. This study aimed to determine the genetic basis of resistance to YR and LR in the common spring wheat ‘Quaiu 3’. To that end, we evaluated 198 F5 recombinant inbred lines (RILs), derived from a cross of susceptible ‘Avocet-YrA’ with Quaiu 3, for APR to LR and YR in artificially inoculated field trials conducted in Mexico during the 2009 and 2010 growing seasons. High narrow-sense heritability (h2) estimates, ranging between 0.91 and 0.95, were obtained for both LR and YR disease severities for both years. The quantitative and qualitative approaches used to estimate gene numbers showed that, in addition to known resistance genes, there are at least two to three APR genes associated with LR and YR resistance in the RIL population. The moderately effective race-specific resistance gene Lr42 and the pleiotropic slow-rusting APR gene Lr46/Yr29 were found to interact with additional unidentified APR genes. The unidentified APR genes should be of particular interest for further characterization through molecular mapping, and for utilization by wheat breeding programs.

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Zhang, Xin, Liangxiu Han, Yingying Dong, Yue Shi, Wenjiang Huang, Lianghao Han, Pablo González-Moreno, Huiqin Ma, Huichun Ye, and Tam Sobeih. "A Deep Learning-Based Approach for Automated Yellow Rust Disease Detection from High-Resolution Hyperspectral UAV Images." Remote Sensing 11, no. 13 (June 29, 2019): 1554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11131554.

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Yellow rust in winter wheat is a widespread and serious fungal disease, resulting in significant yield losses globally. Effective monitoring and accurate detection of yellow rust are crucial to ensure stable and reliable wheat production and food security. The existing standard methods often rely on manual inspection of disease symptoms in a small crop area by agronomists or trained surveyors. This is costly, time consuming and prone to error due to the subjectivity of surveyors. Recent advances in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) mounted with hyperspectral image sensors have the potential to address these issues with low cost and high efficiency. This work proposed a new deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) based approach for automated crop disease detection using very high spatial resolution hyperspectral images captured with UAVs. The proposed model introduced multiple Inception-Resnet layers for feature extraction and was optimized to establish the most suitable depth and width of the network. Benefiting from the ability of convolution layers to handle three-dimensional data, the model used both spatial and spectral information for yellow rust detection. The model was calibrated with hyperspectral imagery collected by UAVs in five different dates across a whole crop cycle over a well-controlled field experiment with healthy and rust infected wheat plots. Its performance was compared across sampling dates and with random forest, a representative of traditional classification methods in which only spectral information was used. It was found that the method has high performance across all the growing cycle, particularly at late stages of the disease spread. The overall accuracy of the proposed model (0.85) was higher than that of the random forest classifier (0.77). These results showed that combining both spectral and spatial information is a suitable approach to improving the accuracy of crop disease detection with high resolution UAV hyperspectral images.

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Wan, Anmin, and Xianming Chen. "Virulence Characterization of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici Using a New Set of Yr Single-Gene Line Differentials in the United States in 2010." Plant Disease 98, no. 11 (November 2014): 1534–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-01-14-0071-re.

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Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici causes stripe rust (yellow rust) of wheat and is highly variable in virulence toward wheat with race-specific resistance. During 2010, wheat stripe rust was the most widespread in the recorded history of the United States, resulting in large-scale application of fungicides and substantial yield loss. A new differential set with 18 yellow rust (Yr) single-gene lines was established and used to differentiate races of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici, which were named as race PSTv in distinction from the PST races identified in the past. An octal system was used to describe the virulence and avirulence patterns of the PSTv races. From 348 viable P. striiformis f. sp. tritici isolates recovered from a total of 381 wheat and grass stripe rust samples collected in 24 states, 41 races, named PSTv-1 to PSTv-41, were identified using the new set of 18 Yr single-gene differentials, and their equivalent PST race names were determined on the previous set of 20 wheat cultivar differentials. The frequencies and distributions of the races and their virulences were determined. The five most predominant races were PSTv-37 (34.5%), PSTv-11 (17.5%), PSTv-14 (7.2%), PSTv-36 (5.2%), and PSTv-34 (4.9%). PSTv-37 was distributed throughout the country while PSTv-11 and PSTv-14 were almost restricted to states west of the Rocky Mountains. The races had virulence to 0 to 13 of the 18 Yr genes. Frequencies of virulences toward resistance genes Yr6, Yr7, Yr8, Yr9, Yr17, Yr27, Yr43, Yr44, YrTr1, and YrExp2 were high (67.0 to 93.7%); those to Yr1 (32.8%) and YrTye (31.3%) were moderate; and those to Yr10, Yr24, Yr32, and YrSP were low (3.4 to 5.7%). All of the isolates were avirulent to Yr5 and Yr15.

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Rasheed, Adnan, and Abdul Malik Solangi. "Estimation of genetic diversity for quantitative traits of commercial wheat (Triticum aestivum)." Journal of Scientific Agriculture 1 (December 28, 2017): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.25081/jsa.2017.v1.885.

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This research was conducted to assess the performance of wheat genotypes and to detect genotypes with adult plant resistance by evaluating them in a trap nursery. 36 commercial wheat cultivar were used in experiment. Morocco was sown on four sides of trial. Material was sown in augmented design. The data was recorded on different quantitative like Plant height (cm), no. of tillers/plant, spike length (cm), no of spikelets/plant, peduncle length (cm), stem diameter (mm) and flag leaf area. Selection of genotypes could be done from two main clusters to make cross for improvement of traits. No of tillers/plant, peduncle length, spike/length, spikelets/plant and plant height showed large genetic variability in Biplot and these variables could be used as selection criteria. Pak-81, Sindh-81, Mexipak-65, Sarsabaz, Chakwal-86 and Kiran-95 so these cultivars could be potentially used in future breeding programme for improvement of several quantitative traits according to results of Biplot analysis. Following genotypes were found moderate resistant against yellow rust viz. Anmol-9, Bahawalpur-200 and Bakhtawar-92 and could be used further in future breeding programme to stand against yellow ruts pressure. Maxipak-65 and WL-711 need to improve by incorporating yellow rust resistant genes.

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YANG, X. B., and S. M. ZENG. "Effect of yellow rust on yield components of winter wheat in China." Plant Pathology 38, no. 1 (March 1989): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1989.tb01421.x.

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Danial, D. L., L. H. M. Broers, and J. E. Parlevliet. "Does interplot interference affect the screening of wheat for yellow rust resistance?" Euphytica 70, no. 3 (1993): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00023762.

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Mishra, C. N., Satish Kumar, Vikas Gupta, Vinod Tiwari, and Indu Sharma. "Utilization of chlorophyll content index (CCI) to infer yellow rust severity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 7, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v7i1.560.

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Stripe rust caused by Puccinia striformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Eriks. (Pst) is a major constraint to wheat production in Northern India. In this study, 616 indigenous germplasm (IC) accessions of wheat were screened under field conditions against mixture of Pst isolates at DWR Karnal during 2012-13 crop season. Out of 616 accessions, 197 accessions were observed to be resistant (R), 115 moderately resistant (MR) to moderately susceptible (MS) and 304 as susceptible (S) against yellow rust. On the basis of days to heading, the accessions were grouped into four classes (early, medium early, medium late and late). Chlorophyll content index (CCI) recorded in flag leaf showed significant differences between resistant and susceptible lines in each classified group at 5% level of significance. The difference for CCI between resistant and moderately resistant plants was negligible, however in comparison with resistant plants, susceptible plants showed loss of 35-39% of chlorophyll. There was negative correlation (a correlation coefficient of – 0.60) between chlorophyll content and disease severity due to stripe rust in susceptible accessions.

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Chen, Shisheng, Joshua Hegarty, Tao Shen, Lei Hua, Hongna Li, Jing Luo, Hongyu Li, Shengsheng Bai, Chaozhong Zhang, and Jorge Dubcovsky. "Stripe rust resistance gene Yr34 (synonym Yr48) is located within a distal translocation of Triticum monococcum chromosome 5AmL into common wheat." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 134, no. 7 (March 31, 2021): 2197–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00122-021-03816-z.

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AbstractKey messageThe stripe rust resistance geneYr34 was transferred to polyploid wheat chromosome 5AL from T. monococcumand has been used for over two centuries.Wheat stripe (or yellow) rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is currently among the most damaging fungal diseases of wheat worldwide. In this study, we report that the stripe rust resistance gene Yr34 (synonym Yr48) is located within a distal segment of the cultivated Triticum monococcum subsp. monococcum chromosome 5AmL translocated to chromosome 5AL in polyploid wheat. The diploid wheat species Triticum monococcum (genome AmAm) is closely related to T. urartu (donor of the A genome to polyploid wheat) and has good levels of resistance against the stripe rust pathogen. When present in hexaploid wheat, the T. monococcum Yr34 resistance gene confers a moderate level of resistance against virulent Pst races present in California and the virulent Chinese race CYR34. In a survey of 1,442 common wheat genotypes, we identified 5AmL translocations of fourteen different lengths in 17.5% of the accessions, with higher frequencies in Europe than in other continents. The old European wheat variety “Mediterranean” was identified as a putative source of this translocation, suggesting that Yr34 has been used for over 200 years. Finally, we designed diagnostic CAPS and sequenced-based markers that will be useful to accelerate the deployment of Yr34 in wheat breeding programs to improve resistance to this devastating pathogen.

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Shchukin, N. N. "ADAPTABILITI AND ECONOMIC BIOLOGICAL EVLUATION OF INTENSIVE VARIETIES OF GRAIN CROPS ON SOD _ PODZOLIC SOILS OF NON - BLACK EARTH REGION." Innovations and Food Safety, no. 3 (September 28, 2018): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31677/2311-0651-2018-0-3-127-137.

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The study of ecological adaptability of different economic and biological indicators of intensive varieties of grain and leguminous crops for use in feed grain-grass crop rotation is aimed at increasing the production of high-quality concentrated feed. Objects of research: intensive varieties of spring wheat, barley, lupine (yellow, narrow - leaved and white), peas (sowing and field-PELs) and soybeans. In 3 experiments 13 varieties of spring wheat, 7 varieties of spring barley and 16 varieties of 6 types of legumes were studied. It was found that the adaptability of spring wheat, barley and peas against the background of intensive technology on a set of indicators above other cultures. The main stressor wheat varieties in the experiments, the deficiency of moisture and heat in the initial period of the growing season, spring barley - diseases (rust, leaf spot) pea pests (pea moth), Lupin, weeds and diseases, soy - sensitivity, lack of heat, weeds and disease.. On intensive soil fertility varieties of spring wheat «Lyubava», «Kamenka», «Madam», «Zlata» and «Rook» shaped grain crop at 7.3-8.0 t/ha, spring barley «Reliable» - 7.0 t/ha and peas «Before-100”-3,4 t/ha. the results of the comparison of the chemical composition and nutritional value of grain of different crops varieties have confirmed a special feeding value of soybean (14.5 and 15.3 MJ of energy; of 37.8-42.8 % of crude protein; The 17.8 was 23.0 crude fat in 1 kg DM), high contents of certain nutrients in the grain, other kinds: crude protein in yellow lupine (41,0 %) and white (of 37.3 and 39.9 %, respectively), starch - in cereals and peas (38,5 vs. 50.6 %), crude fiber - blue lupine (14,5-22,1 %), especially in determinantal varieties (of 20.9-22.1 per cent). Leguminous cultures were allocated by the greatest maintenance in grain of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and grain cultures - carrying out them with a crop. The grain of all kinds of lupine calcium content of the highest (3.8-5.5 g/kg), the lowest - in peas and wheat (0.8-1.1 g/kg BW).

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Journal articles on the topic 'Yellow rust on wheat crops'

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