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Journal articles on the topic 'Yemenis'
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1
Thabit, Budoor Mohammed, and Hanisa Hassan. "STUDY ON USAGE OF FABRIC REMNANTS ON YEMENI’S FASHION FOR WOMEN." International Journal of Heritage, Art and Multimedia 3, no. 9 (June 10, 2020): 01–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijham.39001.
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The big quantity of fabric remnants was thrown away in Yemen due to a lack of knowledge and competency in reusing the remnants as material for making clothes. It has become a burden to the consumers and also bad for the environment. Therefore, this research aims to understand why the seamstress in Yemen wasted a lot of remnants and the possibility of using the remnants in making innovative designs on Yemenis traditional clothing such as Abaya and Galabiah. In order to answer the objectives, the researcher applies the qualitative approach in order to describe and understand the problems stated for this study by made several interviews with Yemeni’s respondent who used to be a seamstress in Yemen, besides her personal experience when working in the workshop in Yemen. The prior objective is to recognise what was done to remnants in sewing workshops. Secondly, the researcher will be producing a design line using remnants with various techniques of embellishment to create new designs for Yemen's traditional costume of Abaya and Galabiah. The researcher hopes that through her innovation can inspire other designers or seamstress to use remnants as a source of material in making clothes. At the end of this study, the researcher found out that her Yemeni’s respondents threw away remnants because they do not have the knowledge and skill to turn remnants into fashion. Plus, they are also lazy to think of recycling remnants since they had lots of orders from clients. In the end, the researcher made a questionnaire about the final designs and they did agree that remnants can be used to make beautiful traditional Yemeni’s dress. Since remnants came from different sources, the design made is unique and one-off, which is the preference for most Yemenis. The researcher also proved that innovative and creative thinking are vital in creating designs, and hopefully it can change the perspective of Yemeni women towards the usage of remnants in fashion.
2
Beckerleg, Susan. "From Ocean to Lakes: Cultural Transformations of Yemenis in Kenya and Uganda." African and Asian Studies 8, no. 3 (2009): 288–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156921009x458127.
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Abstract Migration from Yemen to East Africa has been occurring for centuries and continued well into the twentieth century. Since the European explorations of the nineteenth century the term 'Arab-Swahili', as distinguished from 'African', has been in use. The ways that Yemenis have both adopted and changed Swahili culture in Kenya are outlined in this paper. Most Yemeni migrants who settled in Uganda passed through Mombasa, acquiring some knowledge of the Swahili language en route. However, the Yemenis of Uganda are not Swahili, despite using the Swahili language as a major medium of communication, even at home. Ugandan 'Arab' food eaten at home and cooked by Yemenis in cafes is actually Indian/Swahili cuisine. The ways that Yemenis have promoted the cultivation of qat across Uganda and have made its consumption a marker of identity are described. The degree that the terminology of diaspora studies can be applied to Yemenis in Kenya and Uganda is assessed, and concludes that the migrants are both 'cultural hybrids' and 'transnationals'.
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Salem, Nabil. "A Socio-semiotic Analysis of Qat culture in Yemen." southern semiotic review 2021 i, no. 14 (July 14, 2021): 68–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33234/ssr.14.5.
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Qat, Catha edulis has become synonymous with Yemen, as the phenomenon of Qat chewing in Yemen dates back hundreds of years in history. No social, cultural, or political gathering in the afternoon time can do without Qat. Afternoon time becomes the sign of Qat sessions and socialization. Despite Yemen's openness to other cultures and the recent revolution in all kinds of social media, Yemenis do not stop the habit of chewing Qat. The purpose of the present research work is to analyze 'Qat' as a linguistic sign consisting of a signifier and a signified to understand its various social, cultural, and political signifieds that give it the semiotic power to dominate all aspects of life in Yemen and to ground the coinage of many lexical items that are culturally specific to Qat culture and Yemeni dialects. The present paper uses semiotics as a research method in which it adopts Saussure's linguistic model of sign, signifier, and signified and Barthes' concepts of denotation and connotation. Semiotically, this paper shows that the Yemeni people are not addicted to Qat as a drug, as might be assumed by some foreigners who are not familiar with the sign system of Yemeni culture. The Yemeni people are addicted to Qat as a polysemous sign that is associated with values, norms, rituals, enjoyment, relationship, and socialization at the connotative level.
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Burrowes, Robert D. "The Famous Forty and Their Companions: North Yemen's First-Generation Modernists and Educational Emigrants." Middle East Journal 59, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 81–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3751/59.1.15.
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This article is a study of the several hundred North Yemenis who went out from isolated Yemen for education between 1947 and 1959. It focuses on their backgrounds, what and where they studied, the impact on them of this experience, what they did when they returned and, finally, the impact they have had on the Yemen most hoped to change. The major conclusion is that their impact has been modest and that this is best explained by Yemen's socio-cultural system and the political structure it supports.
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de Regt, Marina, and Aisha Aljaedy. "“We Are All Suffering Equally”: The Impact of the War on Muwalladin in Yemen." Northeast African Studies 22, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 165–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/nortafristud.22.1.0165.
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Abstract This article focuses on the impact of the war on people of mixed Yemeni-African descent in Yemen. These so-called muwalladin have been the target of discriminatory practices for decades. Since the start of the civil war in Yemen, stigmatization and discrimination on the basis of one's family background has increased. Based on a qualitative study among muwalladin in Yemen we argue that discrimination on the basis of race and gender is highly prevalent in Yemen, even though many interviewees were of the opinion that differences between Yemenis had decreased as a result of the war because “everyone is suffering equally.” Indeed, the daily lives of the Yemeni population are affected on many different levels, yet those who are considered second class citizens based on the intersection of their gender, race, lineage, and skin color, are suffering more than others.
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Suvorov, Mikhail. "Otherworldly Beings in Modern Yemeni Ethnographic and Fiction Literature." Manuscripta Orientalia. International Journal for Oriental Manuscript Research 28, no. 1 (June 2022): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31250/1238-5018-2022-28-1-23-30.
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The society of Yemen, which in many respects retains its traditional features, is characterized, among other matters, by a strong belief it the existence of otherworldly beings, such as jinn, ghoul, ghost, werewolf, etc. This paper is intended to discuss to what extent and in what way this belief is manifested in the modern ethnographic and fiction literature of Yemen. Appropriate fragments of short stories, novels, memoir and scholarly works of Yemeni authors help to clarify what Yemenis think about the nomenclature of supernatural creatures, about their appearances, abilities, habits and “specializations” in contacts with humans, about their harm and their possible benefits for humans.
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BAYASHOT, Mohammed. "THE EFFECT OF NEW MEDIA ON FORMATTING A PUBLIC OPINION ABOUT THE WAR IN YEMEN "A FIELD STUDY AMONG YEMENIS RESIDING IN TURKEY"." RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 05, no. 04 (July 1, 2023): 179–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.24.11.
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The research aims to find out the extent of the effect of the new media on forming public opinion about the war in Yemen among Yemenis residing in Turkey, Moreover, to know the extent to which the research sample relies on social media in following up situation in Yemen compared to reliance on traditional media. The qualitative research "descriptive" methodology was used, through the an in-depth semi-structured interview method, to collect research data with eight Yemenis residing in Turkey. The results of the research concluded that most of the Yemenis residing in Turkey depend on social media as a main source in following up the war in Yemen, furthermore, the facebook was the first platform compared to other platforms in the following. The results of the research also revealed that the social media contributed greatly to the formation of the mental image that is closest to reality about the events of the war in Yemen among the research sample, in addition to the fact that most of the research sample do not trust all posts that were published on social media about the war in Yemen
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Alrefaee, Yasser, Naimah Alghamdi, and Najeeb Almansoob. "A Sociolinguistic Study of the Realization of Refusals Among Yemeni EFL Learners." International Journal of English Linguistics 9, no. 6 (October 20, 2019): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v9n6p172.
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The present paper attempts to study the realization of refusal responses to invitations and requests among Yemen EFL learners in equal, higher and lower social status. It also aims to find out the pragmatic failure resulted from negative pragmatic transfer. In order to do so, refusals of 40 Yemeni EFL (20 high and 20 low proficient) learners were compared with refusals of 20 native speakers of English (ENS) and 20 native speakers of Arabic (ANS). Data were collected using a Written Discourse Completion Test (WDCT) consisting of six refusals to invitations and requests in higher, equal and lower social status. This study finds out that Yemenis and Americans used different refusal strategies when refusing persons of equal and lower social status. ANS also used the adjunct of invoking the name of God which is religiously rooted and culturally specific to assert their excuses. Interestingly, Yemeni EFL learners showed a tendency toward the L1 pragmatic norms in the use of invoking the name of God and also in the use of more Direct strategies when refusing someone equal or lower in status. With respect to the content of refusals, Yemenis used general and vague excuses when refusing someone equal or lower in social status whereas Americans, on the other hand, were found to use detailed and clear excuses with persons of different social status.
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Al-Eriani, Kamilia. "Mourning the death of a state to enliven it: Notes on the ‘weak’ Yemeni state." International Journal of Cultural Studies 23, no. 2 (September 20, 2019): 227–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367877918823774.
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Observers interested in Yemen often worry about the near collapse of the Yemeni state. Such worries assume that the death of the state will lead to a complete social disintegration. With a brief reflection on the 2011 Gulf Cooperation Council Initiative, the recent US–Saudi-led intervention, this article argues that thinking about the Yemeni state through public worry is an exercise in symbolic violence. This violence articulates itself through the erasure of Yemenis’ communitarian culture; an erasure that becomes the condition for perpetuating the life of the discursively produced ‘weak’ state, and the domination of regional-international powers. This article proposes an alternative approach towards rethinking the ‘weak’ Yemeni state. It suggests that rethinking the Yemeni state through mourning its death could possibly give birth to a novel form of political community. It is through acts of mourning the injury and (imagined) death of the weak Yemeni state that the promise of the state as a unifying apparatus is reclaimed.
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Bokov, Timofey A. "One Problem in the Study of the Houthi Movement (Three Сliches of anti-Houthi Propaganda)." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies 13, no. 1 (2021): 74–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2021.105.
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The article identifies and analyzes three main accusations leveled in the 2000s by the Yemeni Government against Houthis: a desire to restore the Imamate, gaining support from Iran and conversion to Twelver Shiism. It is shown that these accusations are incorrect and are consequences of the Yemeni authorities’ discrimination policy against practicing Zaydis and especially sayyids — Zaydi religious “aristocracy”. It is demonstrated that reestablishment of theocratic rule was not part of the Houthi political agenda since a majority of Yemenis were against it; the goal of allegations about Houthi connections with Tehran, made by the Yemeni political establishment, was to secure additional financial aid from Washington and Riyadh; Al-Houthi was not a Twelver Shiite and was critical of the main ideas of this denomination. The author of the article suggests that many Yemenis and several Russian and Western scholars believed the accusations due to the dominance of anti-Zaydi sentiment in the Yemeni information space and the fact that these accusations complement each other in a quasi-logical way: to reestablish the Imamate, Houthis need support, which can be gained from Iran, while conversion to Twelver Shiism guarantees such support.
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Dresch, Paul, and Bernard Haykel. "Stereotypes and Political Styles: Islamists and Tribesfolk in Yemen." International Journal of Middle East Studies 27, no. 4 (November 1995): 405–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800062486.
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An outbreak of fighting in May 1994 put Yemen in the world's headlines when, from one point of view, the unity of Yemen proclaimed in May four years earlier was confirmed by force. One topic which straddles that period has been Islah, an Islamist party of unusual form. The present article explores the rhetorical axes that defined Islah. Briefly put, a supposedly “fundamentalist,” even “radical,” party, was in fact more a party of the establishment center. Its public identity, however, depends on terms and arguments that are centered elsewhere than Yemen, and they misrepresent, to many Yemenis as to others, what is happening. The problem is not resolved by such standard academic moves as avoiding “stereotypes” or sticking to “local terms.” The terms at issue are widely shared among Yemenis and foreigners alike.
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Peskes, Esther. "Geiseln in der jemenitischen Geschichte." Archiv orientální 81, no. 2 (September 12, 2013): 285–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.47979/aror.j.81.2.285-306.
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More than any other country in the Near and Middle East, Yemen has become known for the taking of foreigners – tourists or others – as hostages during the last two decades. While such incidents evoke much international sensation, the fact that hostages were taken in Yemeni society itself for centuries has been generally ignored by the public, except for some experts on Yemen and the Yemenis themselves. The article explores the practice of local hostage taking, starting from the twentieth century, then going back to the historical dimension. Yemeni historiography from the Middle Ages and later as well as modern ethnographical and historical studies testify to the existence of a many-layered phenomenon rooted deeply in the political strategies of dynasties or powers aiming at central rule and in the tribal society. The article collects situations of hostage taking documented in the sources and examines them as to the parties engaged, the policies pursued and the fate of the individuals taken as hostages. Finally the article proposes an answer to the question why Yemen stands so unique amongst other regions in the Middle East in a political practice which is testified for from pre-Islamic times until the twentieth century.
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Maghfiroh, Devi Laila, and M. Anwar Masadi. "DIRĀSAH AL-MUQĀRANAH AL-ADABIYAH FI RIWĀYAH BELĀD BELĀ SAMA' WA RIWĀYAH 'AẒRA JĀKARTA." 3rd Annual International Conferences on Language, Literature, and Media, no. 1 (August 25, 2021): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/aicollim.v2i1.1376.
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This research explains the differences and similarities in the forms and representations of stereotypical ideas of women in Yemeni and Indonesian society in the novel “A Country Without a Sky” by Wajdi Al-Ahdal and “The Virgin of Jakarta” by Najib Al-Kilani. It uses comparative literature and Helen Sixus feminism focusing on the dualistic patriarchal opposition. Data collection techniques used reading and taking notes. The analysis refers to the comparative literary analysis model by François Just, through the phases of object-deepening, subject-study and focus analysis. The results show the similarity of the forms of stereotyped ideas of women that the Yemeni and the Indonesian women are beautiful and contradictory. The stereotypes about Indonesian society are more fluid than the Yemenis. The similarity of the main social representations behind the stereotypical notions of is the ideology that attempts to eradicate religion from human life. The ideology of secularism and communism requires people to separate religion from life. The social and cultural differences between Yemenis and Indonesians are due to the difference in the year of the novel, 1965 and 2008. The distance that separates the distant years will certainly describe a completely different life.
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Sarroub, Loukia. "The Sojourner Experience of Yemeni American High School Students: An Ethnographic Portrait." Harvard Educational Review 71, no. 3 (September 1, 2001): 390–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.17763/haer.71.3.m8190855254316p1.
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In this article, Loukia Sarroub explores the relationships between Yemeni American high school girls and their land of origin. She also illustrates the tensions that often arise between immigrant students' lives and the goals of U.S. public schooling. Sarroub begins by providing historical background on Yemeni and Arab culture and international migration. Then, drawing upon a larger ethnographic study set in the Detroit, Michigan, area, she presents a case study of one girl's experiences in the contexts of home, school, and community in both the United States and Yemen. Throughout the study, Sarroub makes thematic comparisons to the experiences of five other Yemeni American high school girls. She uses the notion of the "sojourner" to highlight the fact that many Yemenis "remain isolated from various aspects of American life while maintaining ties to their homeland." Sarroub describes the relationships between Yemen and the United States as social and physical "spaces" from which high school girls' networks and identities emerge. She suggests that in this particular Yemeni community, which was fraught with ritual and sanctioned norms, public schooling was both liberating and a sociocultural threat. This duality sometimes led girls to disengage with home and school worlds and to create "imagined" spaces that could bridge their Yemeni and American lives. Sarroub's study provide a larger lens through which to understand the multiple spaces students must negotiate and the sojourner experience of this Yemeni community in the United States. (pp. 390–415)
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Peutz, Nathalie. "“THE FAULT OF OUR GRANDFATHERS”: YEMEN'S THIRD-GENERATION MIGRANTS SEEKING REFUGE FROM DISPLACEMENT." International Journal of Middle East Studies 51, no. 3 (June 6, 2019): 357–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743819000370.
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AbstractDrawing on ethnographic research conducted in Djibouti's Markazi camp for refugees from Yemen between 2016 and 2018, this article examines the complex motivating factors that drove a subset of Yemenis to seek refuge in the Horn of Africa. Although the primary reason for their flight to the Horn of Africa was the ongoing war, a secondary but not inconsequential driver of many of these Yemeni refugees’ current displacement was their family histories of transnational migrations and interethnic marriages. This article argues that, for this group, it was their “mixed” (muwallad) Arab and African parentage and resulting alienation in Yemen that made their flight imaginable—and, in their view, imperative. Although “mixed motive migration” is not unusual, this example underscores how spatial and social (im)mobilities in Yemen and the Horn of Africa region have been co-constituted across generations. More importantly, it has critical implications for the recently adopted Global Compact on Refugees, which promotes (among other solutions) the “local integration” of refugees in their proximate host societies.
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Corstange, Daniel. "Non-state order and strategic communication via symbolic dress in Yemen." Rationality and Society 33, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): 3–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043463120985322.
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How do people keep order in weak states? Formal institutions provide law and order in rich societies, but are feeble and capricious in much of the developing world. Instead, people turn to informal, group-based order that operates through reputation and contingent cooperation. Such order requires people to police social boundaries and contributions, looking for costly signals of membership and commitment to weed out mimics and shirkers. Data from Yemen show that people rely on tribes for security and dispute resolution under customary law. Yemenis use a prominent symbol of tribalism, the iconic tribal dagger, to communicate their affiliations and commitments to their customary responsibilities. Yet people vary in how well they understand the semiotic system, and the accuracy of the link between dagger-wearing and tribalism improves with sophistication. While the most knowledgeable Yemenis reveal their tribal types with the dagger, the least knowledgeable communicate nothing at all.
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Iskander, Saeed Naji Ghalib Qaid. "The Role of Yemenis in the Berber Revolution in Morocco during the Umayyad Era «122-132 AH / 739-749 AD»." Journal of Arts and Social Sciences [JASS] 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jass.vol6iss1pp85-99.
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This research aims to highlight the role of Yemenis in the revolution of the Berbers that erupted at the beginning of the third decade of the second century AH / eighth century AD, and involved most of the parts of Morocco. The study examined the conditions that contributed to the involvement of Yemenis in that revolution, and then traced and monitored their roles in it. The study relied, on the whole, on in-depth reading of the sources that made the foundation of this research. The results show that Yemenis took up varied and diverse roles. Some were supporters and contributed effectively to this revolution. While others remained in support of the Umayyad Caliphate, and made great efforts to quell the revolution.
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Iskander, Saeed Naji Ghalib Qaid. "The Role of Yemenis in the Berber Revolution in Morocco during the Umayyad Era «122-132 AH / 739-749 AD»." Journal of Arts and Social Sciences [JASS] 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.53542/jass.v6i1.1078.
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This research aims to highlight the role of Yemenis in the revolution of the Berbers that erupted at the beginning of the third decade of the second century AH / eighth century AD, and involved most of the parts of Morocco. The study examined the conditions that contributed to the involvement of Yemenis in that revolution, and then traced and monitored their roles in it. The study relied, on the whole, on in-depth reading of the sources that made the foundation of this research. The results show that Yemenis took up varied and diverse roles. Some were supporters and contributed effectively to this revolution. While others remained in support of the Umayyad Caliphate, and made great efforts to quell the revolution.
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Alnoor, Abdulghani, and Ma Hong Yu. "Yemenis Primary School Teacher Competency." Social Sciences 5, no. 5 (May 1, 2010): 414–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/sscience.2010.414.420.
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Alsabri, Mohammed, Luai Alsakkaf, Ayman Alhadheri, Jennifer Cole, and Frederick Burkle Jr. "Chronic Health Crises and Emergency Medicine in War-torn Yemen, Exacerbated by the COVID-19 Pandemic." Western Journal of Emergency Medicine 23, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 276–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2021.10.51926.
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Introduction: Much of Yemen’s infrastructure and healthcare system has been destroyed by the ongoing civil war that began in late 2014. This has created a dire situation that has led to food insecurity, water shortages, uncontrolled outbreaks of infectious disease and further failings within the healthcare system. This has greatly impacted the practice of emergency medicine (EM), and is now compounded by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the current state of emergency and disaster medicine in Yemen, followed by unstructured qualitative interviews with EM workers, performed by either direct discussion or via phone calls, to capture their lived experience, observations on and perceptions of the challenges facing EM in Yemen. We summarize and present our findings in this paper. Results: Emergency medical services (EMS) in Yemen are severely depleted. Across the country as a whole, there are only 10 healthcare workers for every 10,000 people – less than half of the WHO benchmark for basic health coverage – and only five physicians, less than one third the world average; 18% of the country’s 333 districts have no qualified physicians at all. Ambulances and basic medical equipment are in short supply. As a result of the ongoing war, only 50% of the 5056 pre-war hospitals and health facilities are functional. In June 2020, Yemen recorded a 27% mortality rate of Yemenis who were confirmed to have COVID-19, more than five times the global average and among the highest in the world at that time. Conclusion: In recent years, serious efforts to develop an advanced EM presence in Yemen and cultivate improvements in EMS have been stymied or have failed outright due to the ongoing challenges. Yemen’s chronically under-resourced healthcare sector is ill-equipped to deal with the additional strain of COVID-19.
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Sheikh, Farrah, Jin-han Jeong, and Kangsuk Kim. "From Sex Offenders to National Heroes: Comparing Yemeni and Afghan Refugees in South Korea." Social Inclusion 10, no. 4 (December 19, 2022): 200–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v10i4.5740.
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This article examines discourses that shaped different outcomes for Yemeni refugees in 2018 and Afghan special contributors in 2021 in South Korea. Following the country’s mission to evacuate its Afghan interlocutors in 2021, Afghans are fast‐tracked for social integration through the creation of emergency enforcement ordinances, with South Korean society broadly welcoming them as national heroes and recognizing them as “special contributors” rather than refugees. In contrast, Yemeni refugees arriving in 2018 were subjected to Islamophobic and legal abuse, constructed as potential sex offenders and terrorists, and accused of being fake refugees. In both cases, refugee protections according to South Korea’s 2013 Refugee Law were withheld as Yemenis and Afghans were processed through alternative systems. This article concludes that Muslim refugee issues in South Korea are masculinized and delves into the multi‐faceted complex factors at play when analyzing the differences between the reception of Afghan evacuees and Yemeni refugees in the South Korean context.
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Al-Nahdi, Yousef Ali Ahmed Saleh, Yenni Patriani, Zhao Shuo, and Fuzhen Si. "What is the Way Allah's Word Manifests Itself in Yemeni Arabic?" At-Ta'lim : Media Informasi Pendidikan Islam 21, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.29300/attalim.v21i1.7037.
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In this paper, the author shows how ‘Allah’ is used in daily Yemeni Arabic conversations. The term Allah has a variety of meanings in Yemeni Arabic, as it does in the Arab world, reflecting the belief that Allah alone is in charge of all the affairs, grants blessings, and either encourages or criticizes someone to do something. The result of this is that the term Allah appears in several expressions when the term is part of a sentence containing the word. For example, there are expressions that have over one meaning, such as Allah alaik, which signifies two literal meanings. The word Allah can also be found in other expressions, but with entirely different meanings, including moaning or aiming for guidance. I conducted a study looking at the occurrences of social life contact, reactions, and the cultural influence of native Yemenis. The rest of this paper explores some of the other most common expressions used in Yemeni society, which shows the word is heavily influenced by religion and culture in its use in Yemeni society.
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Jayed, Dhaifullah. "Prevalence of Mitral Valve Prolapse and Its Adverse Sequelae in Healthy Adult Yemenis." Thamar University Journal of Natural & Applied Sciences 6, no. 6 (January 28, 2023): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.59167/tujnas.v6i6.1320.
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Background: Mitral valve prolapse is a common cardiac disease with frequent complications.
Objectives: To study the prevalence of mitral valve prolapse in healthy Yemenis associated with the prevalence of its adverse sequelae.
Methods: We performed echocardiography for 1164 healthy Yemeni individuals: 615 women and 549 men (mean age ± SD 45.7 ± 10 years).Classical mitral valve prolapse was defined as a superior displacement of mitral valve leaflets at least 2 mm with a maximal leaflets thickness of at least 5 mm during diastasis. On the other hand, nonclassic prolapse was defined as displacement of more than 2 mm with a maximal thickness of less than 5 mm.
Results: 74 subjects (6.3 percent) had mitral valve prolapse, 40 (3.4 percent) had classic prolapse and 34 (2.9 percent) had nonclassic prolapse. None of the patients with prolapse had a history of heart failure nor anyone had atrial fibrillation except one patient (1.3 percent) had cerebrovascular disease and two patients (2.7 percent) had syncope, as compared with unadjusted prevalence of these findings on the individuals without prolapse of 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 and 1.3 percent, respectively. Chest pain, dyspnea and electrocardiographic change frequencies were similar between two groups.
Conclusion: The prevalence of mitral valve prolapse in adult Yemenis was 6.3 percent, which is similar to the results of other studies in different countries but with low prevalence of adverse sequelae in comparison to those studies.
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Swanson, Jon C. "Sojourners and Settlers: Yemenis in America." MERIP Middle East Report, no. 139 (March 1986): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3012042.
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Kelley, Ron. "The Yemenis of the San Joaquin." MERIP Middle East Report, no. 139 (March 1986): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3012043.
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Hartwig, Matthias. "The German Federal Constitutional Court and the Extradition of Alledged Terrorists to the United States." German Law Journal 5, no. 3 (March 1, 2004): 185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200012396.
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In January 2003, two Yemeni citizens were arrested by German police forces at the airport of Frankfurt. The arrest took place pursuant to the request of an American judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York. The action was considered to be a blow against international terrorism and should have demonstrated the functioning of the German-American cooperation in the war against this scourge. However, due to general considerations as well as the concrete circumstances of the case, the extradition of the two persons took more time than would be expected from a smoothly running cooperation. All legal remedies were exhausted in the Yemenis’ efforts to avoid extradition to the United States, and even now, an individual complaint has been brought before the European Court on Human Rights in Strasbourg. The two Yemeni citizens were finally extradited more than ten months after their arrest in November 2003.
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Abdalla, Nihro Nouh Ibrahim, and Saleem Elzain Alhassan. "Effects of Urban Growth and Urbanization on the Social Environment: Case Study Old and Modern Cities of Yemen." South Asian Journal of Social Studies and Economics 21, no. 6 (May 10, 2024): 38–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/sajsse/2024/v21i6829.
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Aim: This research was designed to study the effects of urban growth and urbanization on the social environment (Study of the state of growth and social changes in the old and modern cities of Yemen an example). Background: Yemenis have a rich history of urban centers, which have played a crucial role in trade, crafts, industries, and science. These cities have become distinct areas of cultural development, economic polarization, and cultural radiation. They are considered crucibles for social culturalintegration, nurseries for political growth, and areas for the development of national consciousness. The history of Yemen's cities and urban centers demonstrates the close link between trade, delivery routes, political governance centers, and city growth and development. Some Yemeni historical cities have played a vital role before Islam as political capitals, educators, and seaports. Cities have emerged as a result of the desire to coexist and achieve stability, reflecting spiritual, material, social, and political conditions. The growth of cities and architecture is a reflection of these changes. Methodology: The physical changes in the Republic of Yemen and the identification of the city of Aden were studied by reviewing the studies that monitored these changes and their social, economic and population effects. The study relied on secondary data in the first place. Conclusion: Yemen's population growth rate in 2004 was low at 3.01%, but it remains high due to economic and social developments and changes demographic factors such as fertility, mortality, and migration the growth rate was decreased at 2.20%. The 2004 General Population and Housing Census revealed that the resident population is spread across various governorates, with Ta'izz, Hodeidah, and Ibb having the highest proportions. The General Census of Population and Establishments revealed changes in the relative weight of the provincial population between the 1994 and 2004 censuses, with some governorates experiencing an increase in population relative to the population, while others experienced a decrease. The annual growth rate of the resident population was 3.0%, and the proportion of the young age group increased from 46.2% in 1994 to 51.5% in 2004. The gender ratio in Yemen is 104, with some governorates having a higher proportion of species due to urbanization (male than more than female), employment opportunities, or male labor migration. The Central Statistical Agency predicts that population growth will remain high over the next 20 years, with a natural increase rate of 3.01%. The proportion of married people in the population is higher for both sexes, possibly due to increased living costs and lack of adequate housing.
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Schulman, Susan. "Yemenis’ Daily Struggles Between Conflict and Climate Change." RUSI Journal 166, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2021.1922196.
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Ho, Engseng. "Yemenis on Mars: The End of Mahjar (Diaspora)?" Middle East Report, no. 211 (1999): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3013333.
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Mabkhot, Hashed, and Khaled Alqasa. "An Assessment of Consumer's Trust on Intention to Use Banking Services: The Moderating Role of Cultural Belief." International Business Research 13, no. 7 (June 23, 2020): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v13n7p189.
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The banking system played a crucial role in the economic growth. All sectors of any economies have grown under a solid banking system. However, the banking system in Yemen is facing many challenges that are hampering the country's development. This study attempts to discover the important factors that are influencing Yemenis to use the banking system’s services by investigating the relationship between the intention to use banking services and consumer’s trust, while cultural beliefs played moderator role between IV and DV. Questionnaire distributed to part time university students in seven cities in the country. Data was analysed by SmartPLS3, and the results showed trust significantly and positively influences university student's behavioral intention to use banking services. On the other hand, cultural belief was significant but in the negative direction. The study had a significant contribution to the academic understanding of the consumer's behavioral intention in the banking system in Yemen.
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Paik, Seung-Hoon, and Jung-Hyun Cho. "A Study on Post-Arab Spring Migration of the Middle East and the Status of Yemeni and Afghan Asylum-seekers in Korea." Institute of Middle Eastern Affairs 22, no. 1 (April 30, 2023): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.52891/jmea.2023.22.1.1.
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The turmoil of the decade after the 2011 Arab Spring has changed the migration patterns of MENA that had long been a frequent phenomena of the region since early human civilization. Traditional dispersal was concentrated between MENA countries, and from MENA countries to Europe or North America. However, since 2011, as migration from the Middle East hasbeen dealt as human security and national security agendas of host countries, migration destinations for nationals from MENA countries have diversified.
T the number of immigrants has increased from MENA countries to Korea after the Arab Spring. Therefore, based on international law, this study examines how to understand migration from the MENA countries after the Arab Spring and analyses the influx of Yemenis and Afghans which had a great impact on Korean society in 2018 and 2021. Through the legal analysis on the settlement of special contributors of Afghanistan and humanitarian stay permit to Yemenis, this study will examine the implications for possible policy recommendations on refugees and immigration policies of Korea.
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Song, Young Hoon. "Yemenis’ Asylum Application in Jeju and Discourse of Refugees." Journal of Education for International Understanding 14, no. 2 (December 2019): 9–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.35179/jeiu.2019.14.2.9.
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Nassar, Omar H., and Hameed M. Aklan. "Erectile Dysfunction among Yemenis: Does Chewing Khat Play a Role?" Eurasian Journal of Medicine 46, no. 2 (June 21, 2014): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/eajm.2014.18.
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Bamashmus, MahfouthA, and SalehA Al-Akily. "Causes of blindness among adult Yemenis: A Hospital-based study." Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology 15, no. 1 (2008): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-9233.53367.
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Al-zamzami, AliAli, and AhmedMohammed Suleiman. "Oral cancers among yemenis patient: A prospective hospital-based study." Dentistry and Medical Research 6, no. 2 (2018): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/dmr.dmr_2_18.
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Almansoob, Najeeb Taher, Yasser Alrefaee, and K. S. Patil. "A Cross-cultural Study of The Speech Act of Compliments in American English and Yemeni Arabic." Langkawi: Journal of The Association for Arabic and English 5, no. 1 (June 29, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.31332/lkw.v5i1.1271.
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Based on a cross-cultural perspective, the current study aims to compare the realization of the speech act of compliments among Yemeni Arabic native speakers (YANSs) and American English native speakers (AENSs). Samples of 30 participants of Americans and 30 other participants of Yemenis were involved in the study. The data were collected through a Discourse Completion Test (DCT) consisting of six hypothetical compliment scenarios. The corpus collected for analysis was 380 Arabic compliment semantic formulas and 338 English compliment semantic formulas. Data were analyzed in terms of frequency counts of 20 strategies and order of semantic formulas in the speakers' response utterances. The findings showed that there are some pragmatic similarities and differences between the two native groups. Some strategies seemed to be universal across the two cultures like Admiration whereas strategies of Exaggeration, Gratitude to God and Metaphor are culturally specific to Arabic. The findings also revealed that most of the speakers' utterances were in the two-fold order of semantic formulas. Moreover, the findings showed that American compliments were steady and formulaic in nature while Arabic Compliments were various in formulas and long.
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Vadapalli, Amulya. "Justice Without Power: Yemen and The Global Legal System." Michigan Law Review, no. 121.5 (2023): 811. http://dx.doi.org/10.36644/mlr.121.5.justice.
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The war in Yemen has remained the world’s worst humanitarian crisis since 2015, and yet it is shockingly invisible. The global legal system fails to offer a clear avenue through which the Yemeni people can hold the state actors responsible for their harm accountable. This Note analyzes international legal mechanisms for vindicating war crimes and human rights abuses perpetrated in Yemen. Through the lens of Yemen’s humanitarian crisis, it highlights gaps in the global legal structure, proposes alternative accountability processes, and uses a variety of sources—including interviews with practitioners and Arabic language legal scholarship—to explicate a victim-centered transitional justice process for the Yemeni people.
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Al-hebshi, Nezar Noor, Amat-alrahman Ahmed Shamsan, and Mohammed Sultan Al-ak'hali. "Interleukin-1 Two-Locus Haplotype Is Strongly Associated with Severe Chronic Periodontitis among Yemenis." Molecular Biology International 2012 (June 19, 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/231309.
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Aim. To assess IL-1A C[−889]T and IL-1B C[3954]T genotypes as well as haplotypes in relation to sever chronic periodontitis (SCP) among Yemenis. Materials and Methods. 40 cases with SCP and 40 sex- and age-matched controls were included; all were nonsmokers and free of systemic diseases. Genotyping at each locus was performed using an established PCR-RFLP assay. The Haploview and SimHap software were used to assess data for Hardy-Weinberg's equilibrium (HWE) and linkage disequilibrium (LD) and to obtain subject-level haplotypes. Multiple logistic regression was used to seek for associations in dominant, additive, and recessive models. Results. Mean plaque index (MPI) showed the strongest association with SCP (OR=16). A significant LD was observed in the cases (D'=0.80 and r2=0.47). The genotype at each locus showed significant association with SCP in the recessive model (TT versus TC+CC) even after adjustment for MPI (OR=6.29 & 461, resp.). The C-T haplotype conferred protection against SCP in a dominant manner (OR=0.16). On the other hand, the T-T haplotype in double dose (recessive model) showed strong association with CP (OR=15.6). Conclusions. IL-1 two-locus haplotype is associated with SCP in Yemenis. Haplotype-based analysis may be more suited for use in genetic association studies of periodontitis.
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Svetlana, Babenkova. "FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC SYSTEM OF YEMEN: IS RECOVERY POSSIBLE?" Scientific notes of the Russian academy of entrepreneurship 19, no. 2 (May 28, 2020): 8–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24182/2073-6258-2020-19-2-8-31.
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The regional war in Yemen (the Republic of Yemen) began on the 26th March 2015 in the result of the military intervention of the Arabic coalition headed by Saudi Arabia. Nearly all the northern part of the the country is under control of the alliance with the participation of the former ruling party “Yemeni General People's Congress” and Houthi rebellions from the Shiite movement Ansar Allah. In August 2019 the southern part of the country loyal to the coalition was threatened by disintegration as a result of expulsion of the structures of internationally recognized President A.M. Hadi, living in Riyadh since the beginning of the conflict, from the temporary capital Aden by forces of the pro-Emirates group headed by the Southern Transition Council.
The war did not solve any domestic problems of Yemen caused by a massive peaceful protest in all parts of the country split by the crisis in 2011, disrupted the international plan of the peaceful solution to the crisis under United Nations auspices, which started in November 2011, and de facto worsened the split of Yemen, which appeared on the map of Arabia only in 1990 in the result of merging two previously existing sovereign republics – the Yemen Arab Republic and People's Democratic Republic of Yemen.
According to the announcements of the UN, currently the country goes through the hardest humanitarian crisis in the world. The military actions devastated the economy of the country, almost entirely ruined the infrastructure and lead to the absence of food security. The UN estimated that in 2019 nearly 24.1 million people (80% of the population) were exposed to the risk of famine and diseases. In the result of the absence of sanitary conditions and vaccination of the population, the country faces large-scale disease outbreaks, such as cholera, diphtheria, measles and fever.
In addition, analysts estimate that more than 40% of Yemeni families lost their main source of income, consequently, it is quite difficult for them to by goods included in the minimum consumer basket. Poverty is getting worse: before the crisis it affected nearly half of the population, and currently it affects about 80% of Yemenis.
In the result of the inflation, the value of the national currency threefold dropped. Besides, the humanitarian crisis worsened, and failure in the operation of the facilities of the national infrastructure and financial institutions significantly influenced the activity of business society, especially small and medium-sized businesses.
The military conflict in Yemen disrupted the social and economic activity both of individual institutions and of the state as a whole. In the hard situation is found the revenue part of the budget, whose main source of income was export of hydrocarbons. Financial losses from oil revenues resulted in severe shortage of the national currency and plummeting of state revenue. The aforementioned factors in combination with the fragmentation of the public institutions, including the Central Bank of Yemen, resulted in stopping flow of foreign currency for essential imports and payment of salaries in the public sector, which led to the growth of inflation and worsening humanitarian crisis.
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Al Nassiri, K. A. "Hepatitis B infection in Yemenis in Sana’a: pattern and risk factors." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 7, no. 1-2 (March 15, 2001): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2001.7.1-2.147.
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A cross-sectional seroepidemiological study was conducted among 2652 individuals [age range: 1 month-95 years; median 23 years] who presented at Sana’a Central Health Laboratory in response to a campaign to control hepatitis B virus. Screening was carried out by reverse passive haemagglutination. Specificity of positive samples was determined by enzyme immunoassay. Of 2321 participants, 7.4% were carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen. Risk factors determined by bivariate analysis were age, sex, residence, exposure to cutting and puncturing tools and blood transfusion. Multivariate analysis revealed age to be the best predictor of the carrier rate of hepatitis B virus.
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Al-Zamzami, AliAli, and AhmedMohammed Suleiman. "Facial skin cancers among yemenis patients: A prospective hospital-based study." Dentistry and Medical Research 6, no. 2 (2018): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/dmr.dmr_3_18.
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Pandya, Sophia. "Yemenis andMuwalladīnin Addis Ababa: Blood Purity and the Opportunities of Hybridity." Journal of Arabian Studies 4, no. 1 (January 2, 2014): 96–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21534764.2014.918337.
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LEWIS, HERBERT S. "Yemenis in New York City: The Folklore of Ethnicity. SHALOM STAUB." American Ethnologist 18, no. 4 (November 1991): 811–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ae.1991.18.4.02a00220.
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عبدالله محمد سعيد عبدالله. "Proper nouns among Yemenis in modern era: a morpho-semantic study." مجلة الباحث الجامعي للعلوم الانسانية, no. 13 (March 25, 2024): 113–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.69844/pmpfvg62.
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هدف هذا البحث إلى بيان أسماء الأعلام اليمنية في العصر الحديث، من حيث بنيتها المفردة والمركبة، ودلالتها العامة والخاصة، واستخدم البحث المنهج الاستقرائي والمنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وقد اقتضت طبيعة الموضوع أن يشتمل البحث على مدخل عام، وثلاثة مباحث، المبحث الأول: أسماء الأعلام عند اليمنيين من حيث البنية المفردة والمركبة، والمبحث الثاني: أسماء الأعلام عند اليمنيين من حيث الدلالة العامة، والمبحث الثالث: أسماء يمنية ذات دلالة خاصة، وختم البحث بخاتمة تضمنت أهم النتائج من أهمها: غلب على أسماء الأعلام عند اليمنيين في العصر الحديث الأسماء المفردة، وأسهم التعليم والإعلام الحديث والاتصال بالدول العربية في تزايد أسماء الأعلام الجديدة، خاصة أعلام النساء.
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Al-Obaidi, Anas Abdel-Khaleq Ayed, and Hassan Namis Sarhan Jabr Al-Azzawi. "The Political Situation in Yemen 1962 - 1967 AD." Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities 29, no. 8, 2 (August 24, 2022): 212–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/jtuh.29.8.2.2022.12.
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Yemen witnessed a kind of openness to the outside world after the revolution of 1948 AD and the coup of 1955 AD in Taiz, and Yemenis became aware of the political, economic and social conditions, but Imam Ahmed deceived the people by trying to respond to the people’s demands to form a government of his followers. Mahmoud al-Numan and his colleague Muhammad Mahmoud al-Zubayri were against the republic and Imam Ahmad rebelled against the republic of Egypt. The opposition took advantage of the dispute and asked for help from Egypt. The major countries did not want to change Yemen according to their interests. The Egyptian position was positive for the revolution, but the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was against the republicans and the Imam paid the money to the border tribes to support him. America asked Israel to strike the Egyptian forces, and America’s position was characterized by duplicity, as it supports the monarchy on the one hand and recognizes the revolution on the other hand, for the purpose of weakening it from within. The aggression on Egypt was considered as page of the past, openness to the world, working to improve the economic situation and stabilizing the country Ed and support the production process and achieve the demands of the people.
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Hasnain, H. U., A. A. Al Nokhie, and A. R. F. Al Iryani. "SHEEP AND CATTLE IN YEMEN." Animal Genetic Resources Information 13 (April 1994): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1014233900000286.
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SUMMARYThe present Republic of Yemen (RDY) was formed in 1991 with the union of two Yemens namely, Yemen Arab Republic (YAR) or North Yemen and the Peoples Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY) or South Yemen. Studies on livestock breeds were undertaken in the former YAR during 1985–87 under the FAO Project UTFN/YEM/011. It was supplemented with a rapid survey for the former PDRY in 1991 by the senior author (HUH) under the FAO Project UTF/ PDY/013. The information on goats in Yemen has recently been published in FAO Animal Genetic Resources Information No: 8 (1992). Here is presented the information of the Yemeni sheep and cattle population.
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Moore, Scott. "Parchedness, politics, and power: the state hydraulic in Yemen." Journal of Political Ecology 18, no. 1 (December 1, 2011): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v18i1.21705.
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Historically, Yemen was noted for its sustainable, locally-adapted system of water management. Today, however, it faces one of the world's most acute shortages of water, driven chiefly by unsustainable rates of groundwater depletion. This article seeks to explain Yemen's present water crisis as the result of a political ecology dominated both by an expansionist Yemeni state and rural elites. By adopting intensive groundwater abstraction as a key development strategy, Yemen has produced an unsustainable basis for future economic and social development. The Yemeni case confirms both the importance of states and elites in the political ecology of water systems, and indicates that rural as well as urban water systems are characterized by patterns of exclusion and marginalization. As Yemen attempts to reap the fruits of the Arab Spring, it must adopt reform of its broken system of water management as one of its most pressing national objectives.Key Words: Yemen, groundwater depletion, developmental state, hydraulic civilization, water scarcity
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Al-Nahdi, Yousef Ali Ahmed Saleh, Yenni Patriani, Zhao Shuo, and Fuzhen Si. "What is the Way Allah's Word Manifests Itself in Yemeni Arabic?" At-Ta'lim : Media Informasi Pendidikan Islam 21, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.29300/attalim.v21i1.2792.
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Abstract: What is the Way Allah's Word Manifests Itself in Yemeni Arabic?In this paper, the author shows how ‘Allah’ is used in daily Yemeni Arabic conversations. The term Allah has a variety of meanings in Yemeni Arabic, as it does in the Arab world, reflecting the belief that Allah alone is in charge of all the affairs, grants blessings, and either encourages or criticizes someone to do something. The result of this is that the term Allah appears in several expressions when the term is part of a sentence containing the word. For example, there are expressions that have over one meaning, such as Allah alaik, which signifies two literal meanings. The word Allah can also be found in other expressions, but with entirely different meanings, including moaning or aiming for guidance. I conducted a study looking at the occurrences of social life contact, reactions, and the cultural influence of native Yemenis. The rest of this paper explores some of the other most common expressions used in Yemeni society, which shows the word is heavily influenced by religion and culture in its use in Yemeni society.Abstract: Bagaimana Firman Allah Mewujudkan Dirinya dalam Bahasa Arab Yaman?Dalam makalah ini, penulis menunjukkan bagaimana 'Allah' digunakan dalam percakapan bahasa Arab Yaman sehari-hari. Istilah Allah memiliki berbagai arti dalam bahasa Arab Yaman, seperti halnya di dunia Arab, yang mencerminkan keyakinan bahwa hanya Allah yang mengatur semua urusan, memberikan berkah, dan mendorong atau mengkritik seseorang untuk melakukan sesuatu. Akibatnya, istilah Allah muncul dalam beberapa ekspresi ketika istilah tersebut merupakan bagian dari kalimat yang mengandung kata tersebut. Misalnya, ada ungkapan yang memiliki lebih dari satu arti, seperti Allah alaik, yang menandakan dua arti literal. Kata Allah juga dapat ditemukan dalam ungkapan lain, tetapi dengan arti yang sama sekali berbeda, termasuk mengerang atau membidik petunjuk. Saya melakukan penelitian dengan melihat kejadian kontak kehidupan sosial, reaksi, dan pengaruh budaya penduduk asli Yaman. Sisa dari makalah ini mengeksplorasi beberapa ekspresi paling umum lainnya yang digunakan dalam masyarakat Yaman, yang menunjukkan kata tersebut sangat dipengaruhi oleh agama dan budaya dalam penggunaannya di masyarakat Yaman..
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Ahmed, Niaz. "YEMENI CIVIL WAR: CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES AND PROSPECTS." JDP (JURNAL DINAMIKA PEMERINTAHAN) 2, no. 2 (August 16, 2019): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.36341/jdp.v2i2.943.
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Yemeni conflict reflects the failure of the Yemeni government to address the common needs to its citizen, the uprising of politically marginalized Houthis and the corrupt state, which bring the country into civil war. This article is an attempt to know the causes, consequences, and the role of foreign powers and also the entire situation of Yemeni civil war. Yemen is the poorest Arab country in the world. Due to the effect of the Arab Socialist Movement, Yemen’s Imamate ruling system disintegrated in 1970 and the country divided into two nations, North Yemen and South Yemen. Again in 1990 under the leadership of Ali Abdullah Saleh, both have been united into one nation. The corrupt rule of government, the unhealthy treatment of Houthi minority and the internal conflict made the country more unstable. Political transition happed in 2011 for the stabilization of the country, but it fails to bring peace and finally in 2015 Yemen faces a devastating civil war. Different attempts have been taken by the international community for normalizing the conflict, but all fail to bring peace. The country is suffering the worst humanitarian crisis. Saudi Arabia and Iran is the main player in the conflict. This qualitative study will try to highlight the different scenario of Yemen and also provide an overview of the civil conflict.
Keywords: Yemen, Houthis, Civil War, Humanitarian Crisis
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Turun, Veysi. "Tribe Pattern in the Mukhtar as-Sakafi Movement and the Role of Mawali." Journal Of The Near East Unıversıty Islamıc Research Center 8, no. 2 (December 25, 2022): 149–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.32955/neu.istem.2022.8.2.03.
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Mukhtar b. Abu Ubayd as-Sekafî started a Kufa-centered movement against the Zubayris and Umayyads in 685-686 by claiming that he was commissioned by Muhammad B. Hanafiyah to “avenge the Prophet Husayn and protect the oppressed”. Mukhtar’s movement, which succeeded in a short time and took over Iraq, declined at the same pace and disappeared in a short period of one and a half years. In this article, the nature of the relationship developed by the tribes in Kufa and the Iranian people against this movement is examined. Umayyads's removal of Prophet Ali's children from power and discrimination against Iranian mawali increased the dissatisfaction of these two groups. Mukhtar designed his entire strategy to fight against his enemies through the supporters of Ali and the mawali. The rhetoric in his agenda, “to avenge Hussein and to protect the powerless,” appealed to both groups. At the beginning of the movement, Mukhtar received the greatest support from Arab tribes, the majority of whom were Yemenis. At first, the Iranian followers, initially who had taken a distant attitude towards Mukhtar, actively supported Mukhtar, convinced that thanks to this movement there could be an improvement in their socio-economic status and that they could be freed from the yoke of the Arab tribes. Mukhtar, who turned the martyrdom of Prophet Hussein in his favor with a subtle policy, managed to capture Iraq, Iraq-ı Ajam (Cibal) and the entire region of al-Jazira except Basra in a short time with the support of the Yemeni tribes and the mawali. This movement owes its first success to the Yemeni tribes in Kufa. The Yemenis, who saw the movement’s motor power throughout Mukhtar’s rebellion, played a major role in the success and failure of this movement. In the process, the presence and influence of the Iranian mawali in the movement has increased. Mukhtar’s high value for the mawali caused the Arab tribal leaders to distance themselves from him. Adnânî and Yemeni chieftains, who wanted to intervene before the threat of Mawali grew, organized a coup attempt against Mukhtar. With the coup, they wanted to take them to the old socio-economic order in Kufa. However, this coup attempt was abandoned by the opposition of the Yemeni Mezhic tribe, also led by Ibrahim b. al-Ashtar an-Nahaî. When the Kufa tribal chieftains, who had taken refuge in Basra after the failed coup attempt, provoked the Zubayris in Basra and the Mukhtar came face to face, Mukhtar’s movement was eliminated before it could proceed to the institutionalization stage. Just as the greatest share in the development and rise of the Mukhtar Movement belongs to the Yemeni tribes and the mawali, the greatest share in the decline of the movement belongs to the Yemeni tribes. The Iranian elements’ discomfort with Arab nationalism in the first century led them to enter into anti-Umayyad opposition movements. Knowing that the Mawali were disturbed by the Arabist attitudes of the Umayyads and the Arab chieftains, Mukhtar took advantage of the opportunity by developing discourses such as “equality”, “justice” and “protection of the oppressed” that would be pleasing to their ears. Due to his fierce need for the mawali, Mukhtar equated the mawali with the Arabs by putting his discourses into practice during his two-year rule. Mawali’s approach to the Mukhtar movement is “a tool that offers them the opportunity to live on an equal status with the Arabs.” Just as the Mukhtar uses the mawali to achieve his own political aims; the Mawali also used Mukhtar’s movement to break the shackles of bondage. The solidarity prevailed by the mutual “win & win” mentality does not make Mukhtar a tireless defender of his mawali rights, nor does it make the mawali a fierce supporter of Prophet Ali. In the developed relationship, the parties have different expectations and interests. In other words, not because the mawali was a Prophet Ali sympathizer, but because they used the Mukhtar movement as a stepping stone and united around the Mukhtar to raise his status. The injustices done by the Umayyads to the children of Prophet Ali made the supporters of Ali; the injustices that were seen by the Arabs brought the mawali closer to Mukhtar.