Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Yerma'
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Perez-Illade, Carmen. "Pedro Páramo, tierra yerma moderna : un análisis arquetipico femenino /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
Full textBittar, Filho Nazir. "Yerma de Villa-Lobos : um estudo dos aspectos dramático-musicais e performáticos." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/284373.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes
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Resumo: Yerma, ópera em três atos de Heitor Villa-Lobos, foi composta na última fase do compositor como resultado de uma encomenda vinda dos Estados Unidos, que tinha como objetivo a musicalização da obra teatral de mesmo nome do poeta espanhol Federico Garcia Lorca. Terminada em 1955, teve sua première mundial somente em 1971, no Santa Fé Opera House, e, no Brasil, apenas em 1983, no Teatro Municipal do Rio de Janeiro. Yerma possui vários aspectos inovadores e certamente a característica mais interessante da ópera é o fato de ela ter sido integralmente musicada por Villa-Lobos, sem adaptações ou cortes expressivos e sem o uso de um libretista, o que a torna um exemplo único na literatura operística no Brasil e quiçá um dos poucos exemplos concebidos desta forma no mundo. Yerma pode ser classificada, segundo suas características composicionais, em uma categoria nos dos estudos da ópera chamada Literaturoper. O presente estudo, além de apresentar as questões do libreto e mostrar como a ópera se enquadra nestes aspectos, busca elencar facetas inovadoras musicais de Villa-Lobos ao conceber esta ópera à luz de postulados dos Estudos Literários e da Literaturoper. As montagens realizadas até o presente momento são analisadas e entrevistas são confrontadas a hipóteses levantadas em relação às providências musicais de Villa-Lobos na composição da ópera
Abstract: Yerma, opera in three acts by Villa-Lobos, was written during the composer's last phase as a result of a commission originated in the United States which aimed at the musicalization of the homonymous play by Spanish poet Federico Garcia Lorca. Finished in 1955, its world premiere only took place in 1971 at the Santa Fé Opera House, and in Brazil at the Teatro Municipal do Rio de Janeiro in 1983. Yerma presents several innovative aspects and certainly its most interesting feature is the fact that it was thoroughly musicalized by Villa- Lobos, without any adaptations or cuts, and without using a librettist, which makes the opera a unique example in the operatic literature of Brazil and perhaps one of the few ones conceived in this way in the whole world. Yerma may be classified, according to its composing features, within a category of operatic studies known as Literaturoper. The present study, besides presenting the libretto's questions and how the opera may fit these aspects, aims at showing Villa Lobos's innovative musical issues on conceiving this opera in the light of the postulates of Literary Studies and of Literaturoper. The performances which have been put on so far are also analyzed and interviews either confirm or deny hypotheses raised in connection with the musical choices taken by Villa-Lobos on writing the opera
Doutorado
Fundamentos Teoricos
Doutor em Música
Saint-Martin, Vanessa. "L'implicite dans le théâtre espagnol d'avant-garde : analyse de « Luces de bohemia » et de « Yerma »." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BOR30029.
Full textThis thesis analyses the modalities and challenges of implicit language in two plays of avant-garde Spanish theatre. Through the study of Luces de bohemia and Yerma, written respectively by Ramón del Valle-Inclán and Federico García Lorca, this research highlights the importance of oblique communication in the renewal project of these two emblematic playwrights of the first third of the 20th century. On the one hand, it sets out to present the different components of an implicit repertoire in the textual matrix of these two plays, to examine how these components operate in exchanges between the characters and with the audience and to determine the part they play in the grotesque aesthetic of Esperpento and in a reflection on the subject division within the tragic poem. Exploring the implicit in interaction also implies taking into account the context and the multiplicity of signs which extend far beyond the verbal domain and fully contribute to updating these contents. This is why this study also includes a corpus of stagings and film adaptations. On the other hand, this research demonstrates that the proliferation of undertones, irony, indirect illocutionary acts, metaphors, or even ellipsis does not only serve a cosmetic purpose. Constantly questioning the theatrics - the stratification of the enunciative device, the tension between text and representation, the density of the signs -, these elements of information, delivered on the margin of what is expressly said, create a true poetics of ambiguity which shakes the foundations of conventional dramaturgy. The concentration of these processes indeed disturbs the proper functioning of the dialogue between the characters, also causing a break in the relationship with the readers / spectators. Ultimately, this argument proposes to compare incomplete forms with the desire to put an end to the falling asleep of the audience, called to take on a decisive role in deciphering the implicit integrated into a total theatre
Marquina, Chumbes Karen Staci, Silva Paz Ailyn Nadinne Ocampo, Celis Eliana Allison Porras, and Diaz Claudia Alejandra Pretell. "El cortometraje de ficción “Yerma” desde la perspectiva de las áreas de producción, arte y sonido." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/17138.
Full textYerma is a fiction short film that shows the pain of thousands of women who were sterilized without their consent and the anguish and anger that their families still feel to this day. It also presents the consequences of an abuse that was, and still is, ignored by our society, the media and the State. In this paper, we describe the challenges that arose in the production, the art and sound direction of this project when trying to expose and manage a complex and risky issue that we have not experienced. In addition, we explain how the representation of an important part of the Internal Conflict in Peru was approached from each area after a thorough investigation; since, the production plans, the colors and costumes of art direction and the sounds present throughout the short film are the result of that. Because of all this, with Yerma, we want to demonstrate that the dialogue on forced sterilizations can and should be encouraged and that we cannot continue to be indifferent to a part of our history that we can help to make visible in a credible and respectful way through cinema.
Trabajo de investigación
Wickberg, Månsson Adam. "”¡Ay, de la que tiene los pechos de arena!” : En studie av metaforiken i Federico Garcia Lorcas Yerma." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för litteraturvetenskap och idéhistoria, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7446.
Full textCea, Sepúlveda Alma. "El rizoma aplicado a la dirección de escena de la trilogía lorquiana:Bodas de sangre, Yerma y La casa de Bernarda Alba." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2016. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/145268.
Full textUno de los objetivos fundamentales de esta exploración teórico-práctica, es vincular los principios rizomáticos a obras teatrales de origen clásico que posean un orden aristotélico; para ello, hemos seleccionado tres textos de Federico García Lorca: Bodas de Sangre, Yerma y La casa de Bernarda Alba con el propósito de observar el proceso creativo que surja a partir de una nueva estructura dramática que apele a lo rizomático. Para conseguir éste propósito, estudiaremos autores teatrales que han podido combinar estos conceptos, siendo ejemplos referenciales para nuestra investigación. El primer autor utilizado, es el Actor, director y Dramaturgo Teatral Italiano: Carmelo Bene, quien, a partir de la sustracción utilizada en sus obras, hace proliferar un relato nuevo, generando de ésta manera una ruptura de la línea estructural de la obra original, como es el caso de la obra Ricardo Tercero de Shakespeare. También será relevante para nuestra investigación, el concepto de Paisaje Dramático” utilizado por Manuela Infante, directora y dramaturga chilena.
Swick, Janell. "La opresion del genero sexual y la expresion sexual en Bodas de sangre, Yerma, y la casa de Bernarda Alba por Federico Garcia Lorca." Click here to view, 2010. http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/mllsp/2/.
Full textProject advisor: Karen Munoz-Christian. Title from PDF title page; viewed on Mar. 24, 2010. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on microfiche.
Santos, Luciana Crestana dos. "Honra e honor nas tragédias rurais de Federico García Lorca." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2009. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/354.
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Los motivos de honra y honor en la dramaturgia de Federico García Lorca. Análisis de la trilogía rural, Bodas de sangre, Yerma y La casa de Bernarda Alba. Los motivos de honra y honor y sus funciones en el desencadenamiento de las tragedias. Honra y honor como trazos culturales de la región de Andalucía.
Filho, Claudio de Souza Castro. "Eu mesma matei meu filho: do filicídio materno como poética trágica em Eurípides, Goethe e García Lorca." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4004.
Full textLa présente thèse cherche à étudier les poétiques du tragique dans les uvres d'Euripide (Grèce, v. 484 406 av. J.-C.), de Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (Allemagne, 1749 1832) et de Federico García Lorca (Espagne, 1898 1936) et soutient que, chez les trois auteurs, de telles conceptions esthétiques s'établissent surtout sur la représentation poétique du filicide maternel. L'antinomie tragique engendrée, métaphoriquement, dans le meurtre de l'enfant par les mains de celle qui lui a donné la vie est le thème de Médée (431 av. J.-C.), de la Tragédie de Marguerite (1790) et de Yerma (1934), des uvres fondamentales pour comprendre la vision tragique des trois poètes respectivement étudiés. Le conflit entre le sacré et la raison, en montrant l'affirmation tragique du corps et du féminin, est présent dans les trois uvres. Le parallélisme entre les dimensions politique et esthétique est, par conséquent, patent dans les trois drames, alors que chaque auteur, avec leurs propres contexte et signature, élabore une idée esthétique entièrement singulière autour du tragique. Le dialogue entre littérature et philosophie, ou entre intuition et concept, traverse, dans cette thèse, la lecture du tragique dans la métaphore du filicide. Sous une telle perspective, la Médée d'Euripide s'impose dans le centre du débat entre socratiques et sophistes, et aborde des thèmes, comme l'empire des passions sur la raison, qui ont aussi séduit des auteurs comme Platon, Aristote et Nietzsche. La Gretchentragödie, de Goethe, se présente, de sa part, comme une uvre poétique où convergent les discussions esthétiques les plus chaleureuses de la pensée allemande moderne, comme les questions du "sublime" (Kant, Schiller) et de la "volonté" (Schopenhauer). Yerma, de García Lorca, sera aussi une uvre de convergence philosophique, en exprimant la "nueva manera espiritualista" qui marque la dernière phase de la production lorquienne. La perspective tragique de Nietzsche, dans l'affirmation du corps comme "grande raison", ainsi que le dialogue de Lorca avec la pensée de Miguel de Unamuno sur "El sentimiento tragico de la vida", caractérisent une espèce de tragédie à l'envers, qui nie le sacré et affirme le tragique comme synthèse libertaire du "je", du corps et du féminin
A presente tese investiga as poéticas do trágico nas obras teatrais de Eurípides (Grécia, c. 484 406 a.C.), Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (Alemanha, 1749 1832) e Federico García Lorca (Espanha, 1898 1936) e defende que, nos três autores, as concepções estéticas do trágico se constituem principalmente sobre a representação poética do filicídio materno. A antinomia trágica engendrada, metaforicamente, no assassinato da criança pelas mãos daquela que lhe deu a vida é tema de Medeia (431 a.C.), Tragédia de Margarida (1790) e Yerma (1934), obras fundamentais para compreender a visada trágica dos três poetas aqui, em respectivo, estudados. O conflito com o sagrado e com a razão, ao apontar para a afirmação trágica do corpo e do feminino, frequenta as três obras. O paralelismo entre as dimensões política e estética é, por conseguinte, patente nos três dramas, ao mesmo tempo em que cada um dos autores, com contexto e assinatura próprios, configura uma ideia estética acerca do trágico inteiramente singular. O diálogo entre literatura e filosofia, ou entre intuição e conceito, atravessa, nesta tese, a leitura do trágico na metáfora do filicídio. Sob tal perspectiva, a Medeia de Eurípides impõe-se no centro do debate entre socráticos e sofistas, e aborda temas, como o domínio das paixões sobre a razão, que também aliciaram autores como Platão, Aristóteles e Nietzsche. A Gretchentragödie, de Goethe, apresenta-se, por sua vez, como obra poética aonde convergem as mais calorosas discussões estéticas do moderno pensamento alemão, como as questões do sublime (Kant, Schiller) e da vontade (Schopenhauer). Yerma, de García Lorca, será também uma obra de convergência filosófica, expressando a nueva manera espiritualista que marca a última fase da produção lorquiana: a perspectiva trágica de Nietzsche, na afirmação do corpo como grande razão, assim como o diálogo de Lorca com o pensamento de Miguel de Unamuno sobre El sentimiento trágico de la vida, caracteriza uma espécie de tragédia às avessas, que nega o sagrado e afirma o trágico como síntese libertária do eu, do corpo e do feminino
Prazuck, Christophe. "Anomalous diurnal currents in the vicinity of the Yermak Plateau." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26380.
Full textHudson, Michelle L. "Beyond Self: Strategic Essentialism in Ana Mendieta's "La Maja de Yerba"." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/art_design_theses/72.
Full textRomanini, Bruno. "Análisis y ejecución del boulevard 9 de julio-Yerba buena, Tucumán." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exatas Físicas y Naturales, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11086/2012.
Full textTrata de la obra canal boulevard 9 de Julio de la ciudad de Yerba Buena, provincia de Tucumán, Argentina. El canal en sí constara de un canal principal y 4 colectores secundarios, que captarán los caudales existentes para trasladarlos hacia el canal sur de la ciudad capital de la provincia. La ejecución del proyecto es de suma importancia, debido a las graves consecuencias que tienen las grandes tormentas en la zona, produciendo inundaciones e importantes pérdidas económicas.
Martínez, Rojas María Florencia. "Azúcar, yerba y tabaco. Etnografía sobre la institucionalización psiquiátrica de mujeres argentinas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461166.
Full textThe objective of this research was to describe and analyze the experience of the psychiatric institutionalization of women in the mental health unit of a public hospital in Argentina. An ethnographic study was carried out in the hospital "Dr. José A. Ceballos" located in the city of Bell Ville, Province of Córdoba. The fieldwork and data collection took place during the years 2010, 2011-‐2012, 2013 and 2014. Participant observation, key informant interviewing, daily field notes and documentary analysis techniques were used. The institution was approached as a "social hybrid": a residential community and a formal organization guided by the medical-‐psychiatric knowledge that addresses mental health services around care. It was observed how this care model, which assumes domestic care characteristics, in order to well-‐functioning needed to be articulated with internal self-‐care practices along with external charitable practices. On the other hand, the analysis of the ethnographic material also revealed that the permeability of the institution borders was not something given but was the product of a continuous negotiation, mainly between the inpatients and the personnel. The threat of total confinement is the articulating axis privilege / punishment of the system in the institution. The confinement was inscribed in a structure of concentric circles. The exploration of the vital trajectories of the inpatients and the observation of current practices around the psychiatric policy reform revealed how is the social management of then and the mental illness, by which they are distributed and put to circulate. In addition, self-‐mortifying processes, objecting and stigmatizing practices were described; but also, self-‐revitalizing practices were identified in the institution. Many situations were described in which the inpatient, with actions and discursively, resist the institutional authority. The main resistance to the institutionalization is materialized in the configuration of "pseudo-‐kinship" bonds, both inside and outside the hospital, a practice that is also supported and reinforced by the institution.
Lawan, A. I. "The structure of traditional Kanuri settlement and houseform : a case study of Yerwa." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370528.
Full textBenson, Peter B. (Peter Brewster), and Lisa C. Flaster. "A risk management strategy for public-private partnerships : San Francisco's Yerba Buena Gardens." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/64509.
Full textJoblet, Christine. "Contribution à l'étude moléculaire de la région génique yema chez Drosophila melanogaster." Aix-Marseille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX22013.
Full textArenas, Rojas Pamela. "Estudio del desarrollo de la yema floral del olivo (olea Europaea L) cultivar "Arbequina"." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/111117.
Full textSe realizó un estudio histológico de diferenciación floral en un huerto comercial de olivos de 12 años de edad, en el cultivar “Arbequina”, desde febrero del 2010, hasta octubre del mismo año. Para ello se utilizaron 5 árboles de dos sectores distintos, tres de ellos del sector 1, y los demás del sector 2. Los cortes histológicos realizados, mostraron que la iniciación floral comienza levemente a principios de abril, con el ápice recién aplanándose, para llegar con el característico domo meristemático a mediados de mayo; esta condición permanece hasta finales de agosto. A principios de septiembre comienza la diferenciación propiamente tal, con el desarrollo de los sépalos y terminando con el gineceo. Se encontraron pequeñas diferencias en el desarrollo de la diferenciación entre los árboles del sector 1 y del sector 2. Con respecto a los estados fenológicos, el estado de yema de invierno permanece hasta finales de agosto, iniciándose la brotación los primeros días de septiembre. El ramillete expuesto se aprecia a finales de septiembre, y a mediados de octubre ya se observa el cáliz y la corola. Los días-grado (DG) acumulados mostraron grandes diferencias si se ocupan 10ºC o 12,5ºC como temperatura umbral, variando entre 1550 y 950 DG acumulados desde brotación hasta cosecha. Se desarrolló además, una comparación entre la brotación y cosecha de la temporada 2010, con la temporada 2011, existiendo variación con la acumulación de DG, para ambas temperaturas umbrales utilizadas. Se complementó el estudio con datos de producción y eficiencia productiva. Los resultados mostraron diferencias de producción para los árboles en alta y baja carga frutal, con 20,3 y 4,25 kg/árbol para la temporada 2010, y 25,2 y 15,11 kg/árbol para la temporada 2011; también se presentaron diferencias con respecto a la eficiencia productiva en las dos temporadas, variando entre 0,23 y 0,19 kg fruta/cm2 para los árboles del sector 1 y 0,14 y 0,04 kg fruta/cm2 en los árboles del sector 2, demostrando que existe añerismo en este cultivar, al pasar de un año de baja carga a uno de alta carga.
It was made a histological study of flower differentiation in an olive orchard from 12 years old in the cultivar “Arbequina”, from February to October 2010. Five trees were used from 2 different sectors, three of them from section 1 and the others from section 2. The histological study showed that the floral initiation began slowly at the beginning of April, with the apex hardly flattened, then appearing with the typical meristematic dome in the middle of May; this condition remain until the end of August. At the beginning of September the differentiation begins strictly speaking with the development of sepals and finishes with the gynoecium. Little differences were found in the differentiation development between high and low bearing trees. In accordance to the phenological stages, the dormant bud stage keeps on until the end of August, beginning the burst the first days of September. The flower cluster development is seen at the end of the same month given before and, in the middle of October you can see the calyx and the corolla. The accumulated degree days (Dg) showed big differences if temperatures of 10ºC or 12,5ºC were used as base temperature, changing between 1550 and 950 Dg accumulated. It was also developed a comparison between burst and date harvest from the season 2010 to the season 2011, existing similarity within the degree days accumulation from both base temperature used. The study was complemented with production data and crop efficiency. The indicated results showed yielded differences between trees from section 1 and 2, with 20, 3 and 4,25 kg/tree for the 2010 season and 25,2 and 15,11 kg/tree from the 2011 season. Differences were shown respect to the crop efficiency in both seasons, changing between 0,23 and 0,19 kg fruit/cm 2 for the trees from section 1 and 0,14 and 0,04 kg fruit/cm 2 in the trees from section 2, demonstrating the bearing in this cultivar passing from a high bearing year to low bearing.
Hoffman, Paul J. "Transpolar sea ice drift in the vicinity of the Yermak Plateau as observed by ARCTEMIZ 86 buoys." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA228985.
Full textThesis Advisor(s): Gascard, Jean-Claude. Second Reader: Bourke, Robert H. "March 1990." Description based on signature page August 25, 2009. DTIC Descriptor(s): Sea Ice, Tidal Currents, Ocean Tides, Optimization, Ocean Waves, Morphology, Motion, Theses, Vortices, Drift, Surface Properties, Resonance, Convergence, Trajectories, Ocean Bottom Topography, Currents, Diurnal Variations, Grinding, Buoys, Arctic Ocean, Polar Regions, Plateaus, Velocity, Stations. Author(s) subject terms: Transpolar Drift, Sea Ice, ARCTEMIZ 86, Yermak Plateau, Diurnal Tidal Currents. Includes bibliographical references (p. 88-89). Also available online.
Schmitt, Wolfgang. "Application of the Sm-Nd Isotope System to the Late Quaternary Paleoceanography of the Yermak Plateau (Arctic Ocean)." Diss., lmu, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-71834.
Full textKoenig, Zoé. "Atlantic Water properties and circulation north of Svalbard in a changing Arctic." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066306/document.
Full textThe Atlantic Water (AW) inflow is crucial for the heat and salt budget of the Arctic. This PhD thesis brings new insights to the inflow of AW in the area north of Svalbard. The IAOOS (Ice Atmosphere Ocean Observing System) platforms were deployed during the N-ICE2015 expedition which gathered the first winter hydrographic data in the area. They document shallow warm water over the Svalbard continental slope that melts sea ice with ice-ocean heat fluxes reaching up to 400W.m-2. Heat is brought from the AW layer up to the surface through near-inertial waves generated by winter storms, large barotropic tides over steep topography and/or geostrophic adjustments. Sea ice extent largely differs between winters 2015 and 2016. 1/12° operational model outputs from Mercator-Ocean suggest that convection-induced upward heat fluxes explain the differences. Model outputs are also used to examine the AW inflow pathways : besides the Svalbard Branch and the Yermak Branch, the model shows an AW winter pathway not much documented before : the Yermak Pass Branch across the Yermak Plateau. Finally, the model suggests an important mesoscale activity throughout the AW flow. The Yermak Pass Branch properties are examined using one-year (2007-2008) of moored ADCP data in the Yermak Pass. The flow is largely dominated by tides. In winter, baroclinic eddies of AW with a periodicity of 5 to 10 days and pulses of AW monthly/bimonthly are found, carrying AW eastward through the Pass. Model outputs suggest that the Yermak Pass Branch is a robust winter pattern over the last 10 years, carrying on average 31% of the volume transport of the West Spitsbergen Current
Yermak, Katsiaryna [Verfasser]. "Evaluation and development of a new diagnostic tool for early and reliable diagnostic of prosthetic joint infection / Katsiaryna Yermak." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1223929000/34.
Full textArmijo, de Souza Juliana Patricia. "Uso de bacteriófagos para la reducción in vitro de Salmonella Enteritidis en albúmina y yema de huevos SPF." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2010. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/131103.
Full textSalmonella spp. es uno de los principales patógenos involucrados en enfermedades transmitidas por los alimentos, siendo el serotipo Enteritidis el que más se asocia a productos derivados de la industria avícola, principalmente a los huevos. Es por esto que se han buscado diversas medidas de control en gallinas comerciales de postura, no logrando éstas ser completamente eficientes. Los bacteriófagos podrían ser una potencial alternativa para el control de Salmonella Enteritidis (S.E.) en huevos ya que demostraron ser inocuos para las células eucariotas y logran reducir una variedad de patógenos en diversos alimentos. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar in vitro la efectividad de una mezcla de bacteriófagos sobre Salmonella Enteritidis en yemas y albúminas de huevos. Se trabajó con tres grupos de huevos SPF: grupo control de infección que sólo recibió S.E. (101 UFC/0,1 mL), grupo control de fagos que sólo recibió fagos (106 UFP/0,1 mL) y tres grupos que recibieron S.E. (101 UFC/0,1 mL) y fagos en distintas concentraciones (MOI de 103, 104 y 105 /0,1 mL). Albúminas y yemas por separado fueron inoculadas con la cepa desafío S.E. nalr rifr y luego de dos horas a temperatura ambiente, se les administró la mezcla de tres fagos líticos. Las muestras fueron mantenidas a 37 ºC por 24 horas (protocolo de 24 horas) y por 48 horas (protocolo de 48 horas), antes de ser analizadas por bacteriología cualitativa y cuantitativa (recuento bacteriano). Los fagos no lograron disminuir (p > 0,05) la incidencia de S.E. en las muestras de yemas, presentándose un 100% de positividad, tanto para el protocolo de 24 horas como para el de 48 horas, independiente de la MOI utilizada. En las muestras de albúminas, los fagos no lograron disminuir (p > 0,05) la incidencia de S.E. en el protocolo de 24 horas, presentándose un 100% de positividad. En el protocolo de 48 horas, los fagos no disminuyeron (p > 0,05) la incidencia de S.E. en albúminas tratadas con una MOI de 103 (96%) y 104 (100%), pero sí lo hicieron (p < 0,05) en albúminas tratadas con una MOI de 105 (68% de positividad) Los resultados de la bacteriología cuantitativa en los grupos experimentales demostraron que los fagos disminuyen (p < 0,05) los recuentos de S.E. en yemas en 2,53 log10 (MOI 105), en 2,26 log10 (MOI 104) y en 2,32 log10 (MOI 103) en relación al grupo control de infección, para el protocolo de 24 horas. Para el protocolo de 48 horas, los recuentos disminuyeron (p < 0,05) en 0,48 log10 (MOI 103), en 0,35 log10 (MOI 104) y en 0,25 log10 (MOI 105), en relación al grupo control de infección. En las muestras de albúminas tratadas con fagos, los recuentos de S.E. aumentaron (p < 0,05) en 2,4 log10 (MOI 103) y en 1,55 log10 (MOI 104) en relación al grupo control de infección, mientras que en el grupo tratado con una MOI 105 (4,49 log10), no hubo diferencias significativas (p > 0,05) en relación al grupo control (3,07 log10), para el protocolo de 24 horas. Para el protocolo de 48 horas, los recuentos de S.E. disminuyeron (p < 0,05) en 1,81 log10 (MOI 105) y en 1,35 log10 (MOI 103) en relación al grupo control de infección, mientras que en el grupo tratado con una MOI 104 (3,00 log10), no hubo diferencias significativas (p > 0,05) en relación al grupo control de infección (3,55 log10). Con los resultados obtenidos se concluye que el uso de fagos líticos podría ser una herramienta eficaz en la reducción de Salmonella Enteritidis en huevos, sin embargo mayores estudios son necesarios para optimizar el modelo experimental
Jerez, Venegas Daniela Constanza. "Contribución a la Geocronología y Geoquímica de los Intrusivos Estero Yerba Loca y Batolito San Francisco, Cordillera de Chile Central. (33°S)." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2007. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/104834.
Full textColpo, Ana Zilda Ceolin. "Perfil Fitoquímico e Capacidade Antioxidante de Extratos de Erva-mate (Ilex Paraguariensis A.st. Hill.)." Universidade Federal do Pampa, 2012. http://dspace.unipampa.edu.br:8080/xmlui/handle/riu/195.
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A erva-mate, cientificamente denominada, Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. Var. paraguariensis (Aquifoliaceae), trata-se de uma árvore que cresce naturalmente em florestas da América do Sul (na Argentina, sul do Brasil, Uruguai e Paraguai). Bebidas a base de ervas-mate denominadas “mate”, “chimarrão” ou “tererê” fazem parte dos hábitos e costumes da população local. Nos últimos anos, através da ampliação do conhecimento científico a respeito de seus efeitos na saúde, os usos da planta têm se expandido para outras partes do mundo e são descritas diversas possibilidades de aplicação. Suas ações incluem atividades antioxidante, antiinflamatória, antimutagênica, antiglicação entre outras, sendo estas diretamente relacionadas aos compostos bioativos presentes, especialmente na folha da árvore (principal parte utilizada para produção da erva-mate). Entre as substâncias conhecidas estão os polifenóis, saponinas, xantinas, minerais e vitaminas. Muitos fatores influenciam o teor desses compostos no produto final que é comercializado e por conseqüência no que é ingerido pelo consumidor. O presente estudo avaliou a composição fitoquímica e os potencias antioxidantes de extratos de ervas comercializados no Brasil, Argentina e Uruguai. Objetivando a obtenção de extratos com composição similar aos ingeridos pela população, preparou-se a bebida da forma tradicional e empregou-se uma forma de extração que mimetiza seu consumo. A partir desses extratos (mates) foram quantificados o conteúdo total de polifenóis, as concentrações das substâncias: ácido clorogênico, ácido cafeico, cafeína e teobromina e analisados os potenciais antioxidantes dos extratos. Para este fim foram utilizadas análises cromatográficas, espectrofotométricas e desenvolvidos ensaios, in vitro, que testaram a capacidade dos extratos seqüestrarem óxido nítrico e quelarem ferro. Foi possível verificar que a seqüência de extrações é um fator que influência no conteúdo extraído, visto que houveram diferenças significativas entre os primeiros e os últimos extratos. Além disso, verificou-se que a capacidade antioxidante dos extratos é expressiva e se mantêm mesmo em extratos onde a concentração de compostos apresenta decaimento significativo. No entanto, foram notadas variações relacionadas principalmente às nacionalidades das ervas. Este estudo sintetiza uma contribuição importante para futuras pesquisas, pois elucida o que é ingerido quando a bebida é consumida da forma que a população o faz, colocando a forma de extração como um importante fator, relacionado ao desfecho de seu consumo na saúde.
The yerba-mate, scientifically named, Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. Var. paraguariensis (Aquifoliaceae), it is a tree that grows naturally in forests of South America (in Argentina, southern Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay). Yerba mate based drinks are part of the customs and habits of the population and are called "mate", "chimarrão" or "tererê". In recent years, through the expansion of scientific knowledge about their effects in health, the plant uses has been expanded to other parts of the world and are described various possibilities of the application. Their actions include antioxidant capacity, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, anti-glycation and others, which are directly related to the bioactive compounds presents, especially in the leaves of the tree (the main part used for the production of yerba mate). Among the substances known are polyphenols, saponins, xanthines, vitamins and minerals. Many factors influence the content of these compounds in the end product that is marketed, and consequently in what is ingested by the consumer. The present study evaluated the phytochemical composition and the antioxidant potential of yerba-mate extracts sold in Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay. Aiming to get extracts with composition similar to the population consumes, the beverage was prepared in the traditional way and to extraction was used a method that mimics its consumption. From these extracts (mates) were quantified the total polyphenol content, the concentrations of the substances: chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, caffeine and theobromine, and analyzed the antioxidant potential of the extracts. To this end were developed chromatographic, spectrophotometric analysis and, in vitro, carried out trials that tested the ability of the extracts to scavenger oxide nitric and to chelate iron. Was observed that the sequence of extraction is a factor that influences the extracted content, since there were significant differences between the first few and the last ones extracts. It was found that the antioxidant activity of the extracts is quite significant and remains in extracts where the concentration of compounds presents significant decline. However variations were noted, it’s related primarily to the nationalities of herbs. This study summarizes an important contribution to other research, because it clarifies what is ingested when it is drunk the way that people do it, putting the extraction as an important factor related to the outcome of their consumption on health.
Manetti, Sanguineti Francesco. "Caracterización de la calidad de la yema, la clara y la cáscara de huevo blanco en planteles avícolas comerciales en Chile." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2019. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/170640.
Full textLa industria avícola constituye una importante fuente para satisfacer la creciente demanda de proteínas de la población y se distribuye a través de todo el país. La producción y el consumo de huevos a nivel nacional ha ido en constante aumento durante los últimos 10 años y, particularmente, existe una marcada preferencia por el consumo de huevos blancos. En el marco de la producción nacional, no se cuenta con abundante información sobre los niveles y parámetros de la calidad de los huevos. En este contexto se buscó caracterizar la calidad interna y externa del huevo blanco en una serie de planteles avícolas comerciales de la zona central de Chile a través de la medición de diferentes parámetros a lo largo del ciclo de postura de las aves. Se solicitó a 8 productores 15 huevos blancos que hubieran sido puestos por aves en cada uno de los siguientes rangos de edades al momento del muestreo: 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 y 120 semanas. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre todos los productores para todas las variables analizadas. En cuanto a los atributos de calidad externa de los huevos se pudo constatar que, en promedio, el peso del huevo aumentó con el transcurso de las semanas desde los 52,3 g en la semana 20 hasta 65,6 g en la semana 80; luego, 64,4 g en la semana 100 y disminuyó a 62,4 g en la semana 120; la resistencia al quiebre disminuyó constantemente desde los 4,5 kg la semana 20 hasta 3,2 kg en la 120; y el grosor de la cáscara no presentó tendencia alguna con el aumento de la edad de las aves variando solo 0,01 mm entre las distintas semanas (0,40 mm – 0,41 mm). En cuanto a los parámetros de calidad interna no se establece un patrón en relación a la altura de la albúmina y las Unidades Haugh con el transcurso de las semanas de edad, ya que disminuyen los valores de ambas variables entre las semanas 20 a 60, luego en la 80 y 100 aumentan, para finalmente volver a disminuir en el último rango de semanas (los valores mínimos de la altura de la albúmina y Unidades Haugh fueron 5,8 mm y 72,2 U.H y los máximos fueron 6,8 mm y 83,7 U.H, respectivamente). De igual manera, en la pigmentación de la yema no se establece un patrón, comenzando los valores en 8,6 (según abanico colorimétrico de DSM “YolkFan”) y termina en 8,6. Se observaron discrepancias entre los resultados de las semanas 100 y 120 de este estudio y lo expuesto en la literatura debido a que los valores de las variables disminuyeron a pesar de que luego de la pelecha se espera que aumenten. Se determinó que no existe una relación lineal entre las variables de este estudio y la edad de las aves. Se observaron marcadas diferencias entre los valores propuestos por los manuales comerciales de las distintas estirpes y el promedio de los valores obtenidos por los productores que las utilizaban.
The nation-wide distributed poultry industry is crucial to cover the growing protein demand of the population in Chile. In fact, the domestic production and consumption of eggs shows a straight-line increase during the past 10 years, with a particular preference for white eggs consumption. In terms of local production, there is not sufficient information about the levels and parameters related to the quality of eggs. In this context, the objective of the work was to describe in detail the internal and external quality of white eggs in a series of poultry farms in the central zone of Chile through the measurement of different quality parameters throughout the laying cycle of hens. Thus, eight producers have been requested to provide 15 white eggs in each of the following age ranges: 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 weeks. Findings confirmed significant statistical differences among producers for all the variables analyzed. Regarding the external quality attributes of eggs, it was found that, on average, the weight increased in the course of weeks from 52.27 g in week 20 to 65.57 g in week 80 and 64.4 g in week 100; decreasing afterwards to 62.41 g in week 120. Resistance to breakage decreased steadily from 4.53 kg in week 20 to 3.23 kg in week 120; and thickness of shells did not present any trend related with the age of hens, varying only 0.01 mm between the different weeks (0.40 mm - 0.41 mm). Concerning the internal quality parameters eggs, there is no pattern established regarding the height of albumin and the Haugh Units over time, since values of both variables decreased between weeks 20 to 60, then increased in 80 and 100, and finally decreased again in the last range of weeks (minimum values of albumin height and Haugh Units were 5.81 mm and 72.24 UH, and the maximum were 6.76 mm and 83.67 UH in height of albumin and Haugh Units, respectively). Likewise, there is no pattern defined in the pigmentation of yolk, starting at 8.57 (according to DSM “YolkFan” colorimetric range) and ending at 8.60. The results of weeks 100 and 120 of this study differ from findings described in literature, as the values of the variables decreased. However, they are expected to increase after the moult. Consequently, it was determined that there is no linear relationship between the variables of this study and the age of hens. There are clear differences between the values proposed by commercial manuals for each strain and the average of values obtained by producers who used them.
Financiamiento interno
Perez, Marcos Francisco 1987. "Inter-individual physiological variation in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664089.
Full textPor causas desconocidas, animales idénticos genéticamente suelen variar sustancialmente en sus rasgos fenotípicos, aunque el ambiente en el que habiten sea el mismo. Aquí investigo las causas de variación fisiológica entre individuos utilizando un organismo modelo, el nematodo Caenorhabditis elegans. Nematodos isogénicos varían en su tamaño al nacer, en su velocidad de crecimiento y desarrollo, en su resistencia a la privación de alimento y en su fecundidad. Muestro que muchas de estas variaciones se deben a la edad de la madre del individuo, con las madres jóvenes engendrando a progenie peor en muchos respetos. Para muchos rasgos fenotípicos, el mecanismo molecular subyacente es un aumento progresivo con la edad de la madre de la provisión de un complejo lipoproteínico, yema/vitellogenin, a los embriones. Ecológicamente, es probable que la producción de progenie inferior por parte de las madres jóvenes esté compensada por la ventaja opuesta de tener un tiempo generacional corto. Los resultados presentados destacan los cambios en la provisión maternal de recursos a los embriones como una fuente significativa de variación fenotípica a lo largo de la vida de un animal.
Arçari, Demétrius Paiva 1978. "Avaliação da erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) na adipogênese e sinalização da insulina." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317039.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: A obesidade e considerada um problema de saúde publica, principalmente pelo fato desta estar associada com diversas patologias como a resistência a insulina (RI). Atualmente, diversas estratégias são utilizadas visando a redução de peso corporal, dentre estas se destaca o uso de produtos de origem vegetal, incluindo a Ilex paraguariensis, cujo nome comum e erva-mate. Muitos trabalhos mostram que os compostos detectados na erva-mate possuem diferentes funções biológicas, tais como: ação antioxidante, antiinflamatória, imunomodulatoria, anticancerígena, modificação do metabolismo de colesterol, entre outros. Muito embora diversos estudos destaquem as funções biológicas da erva-mate, pouco se sabe sobre sua capacidade de modulação na expressão de genes relacionados a obesidade, e seu efeito na via de sinalização da insulina. Deste modo o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a ação do extrato aquoso de erva-mate tostado no processo de adipogênese e sua ação nos mecanismos de sinalização da insulina. Os dados do presente trabalho mostram que a erva-mate na concentração de 1,0g/kg em animais submetidos a dieta hiperlipídica aumentou a expressão de diferentes genes responsáveis pela ativação da AKT, reduziu a translocação nuclear de NF-kB e FOXO1, reduziu a expressão PEPCK e G6Pase ligados ao processo de gliconeogênese no tecido hepático. Os efeitos da erva-mate na sinalização da insulina foram ratificados, por analise protéica de IRS-1, IRS-2 e AKT, redução na resistência a insulina observada pelo teste do KITT e redução da glicemia basal. O presente trabalho demonstra ainda em cultura celular de 3T3-L1 que a erva-mate e alguns de seus principais compostos bioativos (ácido clorogênico, rutina e quercetina), possuem ação mais expressiva na etapa de diferenciação do adipócito e atuam modulando distintos genes relacionados ao processo de diferenciação do adipócitos. O trabalho ainda sugere que a erva-mate possa atuar in vitro e ex vivo de maneira mais expressiva na redução da adipogênese através da via WNT, visto pelo aumento da expressão de diferentes genes relacionados com essa via. O resultado final da ativação desta via e a repressão significativa de PPARy2 e C/EBP'alfa', principais fatores de transcrição necessários para que ocorra a etapa final do processo de diferenciação dos adipócitos, contribuindo assim para elucidar a redução do peso corpóreo e da gordura epididimal observada nos animais submetidos a dieta hiperlipídica tratados com erva-mate durante 60 dias, que por sua vez reduz a produção de citocinas, em especial o TNF-'alfa', contribuindo parcialmente para a melhora do quadro de sinalização a insulina observado apos intervenção
Abstract: Obesity is a problem of public health, mainly because it is associated with many conditions such especially insulin resistance (IR). Currently, several strategies have been used in order to reduce the total body weight, among these there is a growing evidence supporting the use of products of plant origin, including the Ilex paraguariensis, whose common name is yerba mate. Various studies have shown that the compounds found in yerba mate has several biological functions, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anticancer, modification of cholesterol metabolism and others. Although several studies highlight the biological functions of yerba mate, there are lack of evidence providing their ability to modulate expression of genes related to obesity and its effect on the insulin signaling pathway. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of yerba mate in gene expression that regulate adipogenesis and insulin signaling pathway. Our data showed yerba mate (1,0 g/kg) in animals subjected to high fat diet, increased different gene expression responsible for the activation of the AKT, reduction of FOXO1 and NF-kB nuclear translocation, reduction gene expression of PEPCK and G6Pase involved in gluconeogenesis process in liver. The effects of yerba mate in insulin signaling was confirmed by IRS-1, IRS-2 and AKT protein analysis, reduction in insulin test tolerance by KITT and reduction in glucose. Our data also showed in 3T3-L1 cell culture that yerba mate and some of its major bioactive compounds (chlorogenic acid, rutin and quercetin), act in an early stage of adipocyte differentiation and modulate different gene expression that regulate adipogenesis. Additionally, yerba mate can act in vitro and ex vivo in WNT pathway, seen by the increased expression of different genes in this pathway resulting in a significant repression of C/EBP'alfa' and PPARy2, the most important transcription factors essencial for the occurrence of adipocyte differentiation. This findings collaborate to elucidate the reduction of body weight and epididymal fat observed in animals subjected to high fat diet treated with yerba mate for 60 days, which reduces the production of cytokines, particularly TNF-'alfa', contributing partially to the improvement in insulin signaling observed after intervention
Doutorado
Genetica Animal e Evolução
Doutor em Genetica e Biologia Molecular
Suárez, Pinedo Marilyn Reyna. "Efecto de la suplementación de L-cisteína en el dilutor Tes-Tris-Yema, sobre la calidad espermática post-descongelamiento en alpaca (Vicugna pacos)." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/3768.
Full textThe present study evaluated the effect of L-cysteine supplementation to tes-tris-yolk extender on the post-thaw quality of Vicugna pacos “alpaca” sperm. For this purpose, sixteen epididymal sperm samples were collected from male alpaca in the Camal Municipal of Huancavelica - Perú, in a period of four weeks (three replicates). Each sample was diluted in tes-tris-yolk extender and divided into four aliquots of different concentrations of antioxidant: 0 mM L-cysteine (Control), 2.5 mM L-cysteine (Treatment 1), 5 mM L-cysteine (Treatment 2) and 10 mM L-cysteine (Treatment 3). Then the sperm suspensions were loaded in straws (0.25 mL) and were cryopreserved using the slow freezing methodology in a controlled-rate freezer. Finally the straws were stored in the liquid nitrogen. Thawing was performed, at 50°C for 7 s and the sperm motility, viability, plasma membrane and acrosomal integrity were assessed post-thaw. The results of this search show that the supplementation of L-cysteine 2.5 mM to tes-tris-yolk extender significantly improved the motility and plasma membrane integrity compared to the other treatments and the control group (P < 0.05). It is concluded that the addition of L-cysteine (2.5 mM) in the extender gave a cryoprotective effect on the alpaca sperm parameters post-thaw.
Tesis
Quense, Jorge. "Changement climatique et dynamique de la végétation dans les Andes du Chili central, depuis le milieu du XXème siècle : l'exemple de la vallée de Yerba Loca." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00639115.
Full textSilva, Andrei de Souza da. "Capacidade de acúmulo de chumbo por Ilex paraguarienses St. Hil." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2017. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/2497.
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FUMDES
The yerba mate (Ilex paraguarienses St. Hil.) originates from the subtropical and temperate regions of South America, occurring naturally in Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. In these regions the consumption of the plant occurs in the form of hot infusion, which is very common. Some studies have been developed seeking to establish the main benefits and side effects of the consumption of this drink, which may be related to the presence of toxic elements, among them lead. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the capacity of lead accumulation (Pb) by yerba mate. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at the Department of Soils and Natural Resources (CAV-UDESC) in the year of 2016. Seed-propagated seedlings were used and the soil used was a “Cambissolo Háplico Distrófico Típico”. The design was completely randomized with 5 replicates and the Pb doses were 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg kg-1. The dry and fresh weight of shoot and root, plant height, green leaf intensity values of the plants, denominated SPAD index (Soil Plant Analysis Development), were evaluated. The concentration of lead in root, shoot and infusion was evaluated. The fresh mass weight of both shoot and root differed between the control and treatments with presence of the metal. SPAD index differed between the thirds of the plant. The yerba mate showed a capacity of Pb accumulation for both shoot and root. However, the Pb infusion levels were below of the limit of instrumental detection
A erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.) é originária das regiões subtropicais e temperadas da América do Sul, ocorrendo naturalmente na Argentina, Brasil e Paraguai. Nestas regiões o consumo da planta se da na forma de infusão a quente, que é muito comum. Alguns estudos têm sido desenvolvidos buscando estabelecer os principais benefícios e os efeitos colaterais do consumo desta bebida, que pode estar relacionado a presença de elementos tóxicos, dentre eles o chumbo. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade de acúmulo de chumbo (Pb) pela erva mate. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação no departamento de Solos e Recursos Naturais (CAV-UDESC) no ano de 2016. Foram utilizadas mudas propagadas por sementes e o solo utilizado foi um Cambissolo Háplico Distrófico Típico. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com 5 repetições e as doses de Pb foram 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 e 50 mg kg-1. Foram avaliados peso seco e fresco da parte aérea e raiz, altura de planta, valores de intensidade do verde das folhas das plantas denominado como índice SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development). Foi avaliado também a concentração de chumbo na raiz, parte aérea e infusão. O peso de massa fresca tanto da parte aérea quanto da raiz diferiu entre a testemunha e os tratamentos com presença do metal. Índice SPAD diferiu entre os terços da planta. A erva-mate demonstrou capacidade de acúmulo de Pb tanto para parte aérea quanto na raiz. Entretanto, os teores de Pb em infusão ficaram abaixo do limite de detecção instrumental
Mello, Ulisses Pereira de. "Construção do conhecimento agroecológico em sistemas agroflorestais de erva-mate e de frutíferas : conhecimento local e produção de novidades." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/183314.
Full textIn the Upper Uruguay region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, since the mid-1970s, farmers and their entities have been building alternatives to the "painful" effects of the modernization process of agriculture. In the agroecological knowledge construction arena, one of the most significant actions implemented in the last 15 years is related to agroforestry systems. In this context, the general objective of this research was to analyze the role of local knowledge in the construction of agroecological knowledge (CCA) and in the production of novelties in agroforestry systems of yerba mate and fruit trees in this region. This research has its theoretical base, mainly, in the Perspective Oriented to the Actor, complemented by the Multilevel Perspective. In the municipalities of Aratiba, Itatiba do Sul, Severiano de Almeida and Viadutos, 18 semi-structured interviews were carried out during the research, 13 with farmers, three with technicians and two with workers of mate. The main results obtained with the research were the following: family, experimentation and exchanges among the farmers themselves were the main facets of the CCA arena; the farmers perform a series of experiments in their production units, always "filtering" what interests them; from the four modes of knowledge conversion it was possible to analyze the dynamics of the CCA among the farmers interviewed; the local knowledge of farmers related to SAFs is manifested in the choices and management of the species aiming mainly at the shading of crops; the farmers consider the agroforestry system of yerba mate or citrus a novelty in the last 15 years; another novelty observed was the Pruning Group, considered a retro-innovation; the Southern Circuit of Commercialization of the Ecovida Network is a novelty that intends the conventional markets and the own sociotechnical regime of the agriculture. Although the research has pointed agroforestry systems as a novelty, some limits to its expansion have become evident. Thus, it is important to promote actions in the Upper Uruguay region to approach farmers who work with various types of SAFs, based on their practices, stimulating their protagonism. In this sense, it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive diagnosis to "discover" the "hidden" experiments. An important element to be more widely investigated is related to the very construction of agroecological knowledge and its relation to the dynamics between tacit or local knowledge and codified or scientific knowledge. A challenge that still remains is the commercialization of native fruit from agroforestry systems.
Leida, Carmen Alice. "Molecular aspects of dormancy in peach (Prunus persica [L.] Batsch.)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/15864.
Full textLeida, CA. (2012). Molecular aspects of dormancy in peach (Prunus persica [L.] Batsch.) [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/15864
Palancia
Monaro, Érica de Lemos Ferreira. "Inibição da formação de produtos da reação de Maillard por extrato de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) em sistemas modelo alimento." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-13072012-164014/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: the Maillard reaction (MR) occurs in processed foods during heating, processing and storage and in biological systems, where it is called glycation. The MR is initiated by the condensation of amino groups of proteins with the carbonyl group of reducing sugars and has special importance in foods, because they promote sensory changes important to the flavor, aroma, color and texture. In biological systems, this reaction are involved in the progression of several diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular complications and neurodegenerative diseases. The Maillard reaction products contribute to increase the endogenous pool of carbonyl compounds. The use of substances or foods that can minimize the formation of these compounds may constitute a strategy to minimize your intake. OBJECTIVES: evaluate the effect of addition of the ethanolic extract of yerba mate in inhibition of the Maillard reaction in model food systems. METHODS: were developed cookies and milk models food systems. The content of Maillard reaction products [Furosine (FUR), hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), carboxymethyllysine (CML) and fluorescent compounds (IF)] were evaluated. The yerba mate extract was obtained by hot continuous extraction and characterized for the levels of phenolic compounds and saponins by liquid chromatography. The contents of the fluorescent compounds (IF) was measured by spectrophotometric method, HMF and FUR were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography and the levels of CML by ELISA. RESULTS: The yerba mate extract contained 155g mg -1 of total phenolics, 76g mg -1 of caffeine, 5g mg of ursolic acid and 3g mg -1 of oleanolic acid. The formation of HMF, FUR and IF in cookie systems was not influenced by the addition of the yerba mate extract. The CML content of the cookie model with yerba mate extract was significantly lower (p<0.05) than the other treatments with heating. The IF milk models added extract were significantly lower (p <0.05) than the IF milk models with heating without extract. CONCLUSION: The yerba mate extract reduced the formation of CML in the cookie system and inhibit the Maillard reaction in the intermediate stage in milk systems.
Junttila, J. (Juho). "Clay minerals in response to Mid-Pliocene glacial history and climate in the polar regions (ODP, Site 1165, Prydz Bay, Antarctica and Site 911, Yermak Plateau, Arctic Ocean)." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2007. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514283680.
Full textPeña, Soto Daniela. "Desarrollo rural : implicancias y significados desde la perspectiva de sus habitantes. El caso de las comunidades agrícolas de Carquindaño y Yerba loca, comuna de Canela, IV Región, Chile." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2006. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/106012.
Full textRocha, Débora Santos. "Estudo do metabolismo de ratos diabéticos submetidos ao tratamento com erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/141248.
Full textThere is a well known relationship between metabolic disturbances and clinical events related to diabetes and a dangerous prevalence increase worldwide for both types of this disease (diabetes type 1 and 2). This enhancement is caused by overweight, sedentary lifestyle and other risk factors associated to occidental habits. Yerba-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) has been presented a potential use to preventive and therapeutical aspects of diabetes due to its bioactive fractions (methylxanthines, saponins and polyphenols), which have a capability to improve energetic metabolism in murine models and human. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of yerba-mate on hepatic and muscle energetic metabolism of diabetic rats. To perform the diabetes inducing protocol Wistar rats received streptozotocin (65mg/kg i.p.), then the mate treatment protocol was performed daily and offered as a drink tea. After a 30-day treatment, the animals were weighed and euthanized to evaluate metabolic parameters on liver, adipose tissue, muscle and serum.
Oliveira, Daniela Moura de. "Estudo de biodisponibilidade de compostos fenólicos do chá mate (Ilex paraguariensis)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-23052013-102833/.
Full textIntroduction: Evaluation of biological properties of bioactive compounds and nutrients, aiming to explain the relationship between food consumption and decreased risk of diseases, is a field of study directly related to public health. Yerba maté (Ilex paraguariensis) is a plant rich in phenolic compounds (chlorogenic acids) which are extensively metabolized after ingestion. Detailed knowledge about the metabolites, its concentrations and target tissues is fundamental to clarify the action mechanisms involved in disease prevention. Objective: Evaluating the biotransformation of Yerba maté phenolic acids in vivo in Wistar rats. Methods: Animals were euthanized 90 min (pilot study) or 30, 60, 120, 240 and 480 (main study) after administration of maté tea or 5-caffeoylquinic acid (standard) by gavage. Control group received saline solution. In the pilot study plasma, liver, kidneys, muscle, stomach and small intestine were analyzed for identification of phenolic compounds and the dose of 2 g maté tea/kg body weight was defined for the main study, which corresponds to 240 mg of total phenolic compounds/kg bw, dose administered to the Standard group as 5-CQA. Quantification was performed in plasma, liver, stomach, large intestine and urine in the main study. Analyses were performed using UPLC/DAD-MS, after development and validation of methodologies for extraction of phenolic acids from fluids and tissues. Maté tea phenolic compounds amount and profile were evaluated by UPLC/DAD-MS. Results: Developed methodologies showed good levels of recovery and precision. Limits of quantification (LQ) and detection (LD) were calculated for each biological matrix. In the pilot study, chlorogenic acids and their phase I and II metabolites were detected in all biological matrices. In the main study, the main compounds in gastric large and intestinal tissues were intact chologenic acids, whereas in plasma, liver and urine their metabolites were present in larger quantities, specially caffeic acid, bound to glucuronic acid and/or sulfate groups, and 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid in the free form on Yerba Mate group, and 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid and feruloylquinic acid on the group that received 5-CQA. It was demonstrated that chlorogenic acids absorption and metabolism begins in stomach, but most of the absorption takes place in the large intestine, especially after microbial metabolization. Approximately 4,0 per cent of compounds ingested by Yerba Mate group and 3,3 per cent by Standard group (mol/mol) were recovered in urine collected up to 8 hs after the gavage, in the form of chlorogenic acids and the evaluated metabolites. Conclusion: The absorption and metabolization of chlorogenic acids begins in the stomach. There were differences in the amount and type of compounds formed from maté tea or pure 5-CQA, showing that the profile of chlorogenic acids on food products may influences qualitatively and quantitatively the metabolites formed on the body. Greater emphasis should be given to metabolites in studies that assess biological properties and mechanisms of action of phenolic compounds from yerba mate and other food source
Garnero, Sandra. "Le discours didascalique et ses enjeux dans le théâtre de F. G. Lorca." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BOR30027/document.
Full textThe aim of this study is to analyse Garcia Lorca's poetic and dramatic use of stage directions with special reference to three plays : Bodas de Sangre , Yerma and La casa de Bernada Alba .There is no denying that since the birth of enunciative linguistics and drama speech analysis, a lot of in-depth research publications have been devoted to stage directions as reverberations of the author's voice . This study will offer a poetic reading of Lorca's stage directions and aim at demonstrating that the latter contribute to creating a specific semiotic code with both a strategic and poetic intent within Lorca's dramatic speech. Far from being a mere functional peritext only meant to organise and set up the staging of discourse between the characters, Lorca's stage directions embody the nerve centre of his poetic drama. They play an active part in building up the innermost meaning of his works, and offer essential keys for interpretation at various levels of reading and theatrical reception. Reading some of these stage directions is a source of enjoyment for the viewer-reader . If we consider them as mere linguistic signs, they can indeed be interpreted in a poetical perspective as text aids through their sound effects when spoken aloud. Yet ,they are restricted to the reader's exclusive benefit as , paradoxically enough, the stage director is very often unable to stage them in their entirety , even by summoning all the senses . These stage directions, analysed in the first phase of this study, can be labelled as 'reading directions '. The other kind of stage directions consists of the more concrete and physical details that can help organise the futur staging of the play. They have an action-inducing and conative function and , as such, are not textual - the author's original message being coded into another system of signs - These 'staging directions' are the focus of the second part of this study. The preliminary parts ( titles, subtitles and dramatis personae for instance), the varied hues, space and time indications are endowed with a metadrama and prophetical value. Indeed, they carry the seeds of all the main characteristics of Lorca's works and weave thoughts about the very essence of drama. By turning his stage directions into a real musical score, Lorca composes a poetry of silence revealing the innermost feelings of the various characters present in the trilogy. The stage directions breathe life into the text , which takes on flesh and blood under our eyes. Deciphering them enables the reader to lift the veil on the mysteries of Lorca's works
SILVA, José Amande da. "ONTOLOGIA NA RASTREABILIDADE DE DADOS AGRÍCOLAS." Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, 2018. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/2489.
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A gestão eficiente de dados agrícolas é dependente de informações de diversos sistemas, equipamentos e tecnologias computacionais que nem sempre são intercambiáveis. Esses dados estão distribuídos em sistemas e máquinas que tem formas diferentes de gerenciamento. Uma solução para a padronização e melhoria na troca de dados, com a formalização das informações está no uso de ontologias e metadados. Com isso, é possível realizar o mapeamento dos principais processos na cadeia produtiva de determinada cultura. Uma aplicação direta é utilizar os dados para a rastreabilidade e aumentar a segurança nos produtos, pois é possível determinar a origem e movimentação dos produtos. Nesta pesquisa foi mapeado os processos de produção da erva-mate (Ilex Paraguariensis St. Hill.), por meio de uma ontologia de domínio, resultando em estruturas de informação para intercâmbio e rastreabilidade de dados agrícolas, melhorando os processos e gestão das informações. Para o processo de desenvolvimento da ontologia foi utilizada a Ferramenta Protégé, aplicando a Metodologia Ontology Development 101. Como resultado é apresentado um sistema de representação de conhecimento para a criação de padrão de metadados contribuindo para a melhoria do processo de intercâmbio de dados para a cultura da erva-mate.
The efficient management of agricultural data is dependent on information from diverse systems, equipment and computational technologies that are not always interchangeable. This data is distributed across systems and machines that have different forms of management. A solution for the standardization and improvement in data exchange, with the formalization of information is in the use of ontologies and metadata. With this, it is possible to map the main processes in the production chain of a particular crop. A straightforward application is to use the data for traceability and increase product safety, as it is possible to determine the origin and movement of products. In this research we mapped the production processes of the yerba mate (Ilex Paraguariensis St. Hill.), Through a domain ontology, resulting in information structures for the exchange and traceability of agricultural data, improving the processes and information management. For the ontology development process, the Protégé Tool was used, applying the Ontology Development Methodology 101. As a result, a knowledge representation system for the creation of metadata standards was presented, contributing to the improvement of the data exchange process for the culture of the yerba mate.
Pereira, Daniel Pilatti. "Estudo da secagem de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis)." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2013. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1859.
Full textThe cultivation and industrialization of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) have an important role in the economy of Paraná, since in most cases the plant is grown on family farming system, therefore producing thousands of jobs. Drying is one of the main processing stages of yerba mate and getting to know its variables will bring great benefits for both the processing companies and for the development of their equipment. Thus, the main motivation for developing this work, besides the direct interest on the part of the industry, was the absence of specific studies related to the drying of the species of mate grown in Brazil. This paper aims to obtain data modeling and experimental isotherms and drying kinetics of yerba mate.The equilibrium isotherms were obtained by the static method using saturated solution of sulfuric acid obtained at temperatures of 30°C, 45°C and 60°C and relative humidities in the range between 4.5 and 83%. Convective drying was performed using a fixed bed dryer for laboratory scale under different conditions of temperature: 55°C, 65°C and 75°C with air flow of 1.0 m/s, 1.5 m/s and 2.0 m/s. All experimental results were evaluated by using Maple software applied to the empirical equation that allowed the definition of the best model, which presented the highest coefficient determination (R²) and the lowest average deviation. It was concluded that the sorption isotherms of water mate in nature for the three temperatures analyzed were best fitted by the mathematical modified Halsey model. The kinetic curve for the drying temperature was 55°C better adjusted by the modified Newton model with three parameters adjusted. For temperatures of 65°C and 75°C, the modified Newton model with two adjusted parameters showed the best result. The results of this study are useful in the development of projects of industrial dryers, seeking greater savings and improved quality.
O cultivo e a industrialização da erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) têm um importante papel na economia do Paraná, uma vez que na maioria dos casos a planta é cultivada em sistema de agricultura familiar, gerando milhares de empregos. A secagem é uma das principais etapas do beneficiamento da erva mate. Conhecer suas variáveis trará grandes benefícios, tanto para as empresas processadoras quanto para o desenvolvimento de equipamentos. A principal motivação para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho, além do interesse direto da indústria, foi a inexistência na literatura de estudos específicos relacionados à secagem de erva-mate, das espécies cultivadas no Brasil. Este trabalho visa obter e modelar dados experimentais das isotermas e da cinética de secagem da erva-mate. As isotermas de equilíbrio foram obtidas pelo método estático, utilizando solução saturada de ácido sulfúrico, obtidas em temperaturas de 30°C, 45°C e 60°C e umidades relativas na faixa entre 4,5 e 83%. Para secagem convectiva, foi utilizado um secador de leito fixo em escala laboratorial, em diferentes condições operacionais de temperatura: 55°C, 65°C e 75 ºC, com vazões de ar de 1,00 m/s, 1,50 m/s e 2,00 m/s. Todos os resultados experimentais foram avaliados com a utilização do software Maple, aplicado às equações empíricas da literatura, o qual possibilitou a definição do melhor modelo, apresentando os melhores coeficientes de determinação (R²) e o menor desvio médio. Concluiu-se que as isotermas de sorção da água da erva-mate in natura para as três temperaturas analisadas foram melhor ajustadas pelo modelo matemático Halsey modificado. A curva de cinética de secagem para a temperatura de 55°C foi melhor ajustada pelo modelo de Newton modificado com três parâmetros ajustados. Para as temperaturas de 65°C e 75°C, o modelo de Newton modificado com dois parâmetros ajustados apresentou melhor resultado. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho são úteis no desenvolvimento de projetos de secadores industriais, visando maior economia e qualidade aprimorada.
Linhares, Bruno Chaves. "PREPARAÇÃO DE CARVÃO ATIVADO A PARTIR DE RESÍDUOS DE ERVA-MATE E SEU USO COMO ADSORVENTE NA REMOÇÃO DE POLUENTE ORGÂNICO EM SOLUÇÃO AQUOSA." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/7974.
Full textNeste trabalho, carvão ativado preparado a partir de erva-mate (Ilex Paraguariensis) foi usado como adsorvente para a remoção de um corante de curtimento em solução aquosa. O carvão ativado foi preparado pelo processo de pirólise, sob atmosfera de nitrogênio a 700 oC por 2 horas. O produto foi caracterizado por isotermas de adsorção-dessorção de N2 e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. O produto apresentou uma textura mesoporosa, com grande área superficial específica, de 537,4 m2 g-1. Parâmetros tais como a concentração do corante inicial, tempo de contato e pH foram investigados no processo de adsorção. Foi observado que todos os parâmetros influenciaram na capacidade de adsorção. Ambas isotermas de adsorção Freundlich e Langmuir descreveram satisfatoriamente os dados de adsorção. A capacidade de adsorção máxima verificada foi de 244,5 mg g-1. A cinética de adsorção do corante de curtume em carvão ativado preparado a partir de erva-mate seguiu o modelo de pseudo-segunda ordem. O processo de adsorção foi controlado tanto pela transferência de massa externa quanto pela difusão intrapartícula, sendo que a difusão externa foi predominante. Este trabalho destaca o potencial de aplicação de carvão ativado produzido a partir de erva-mate no campo de adsorção.
Silva, Caroline Garcia Finkler da. "Estudo de técnicas de extração de saponinas do fruto de erva mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hill)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/142649.
Full textConsidering the substantial amount of saponins in unripe yerba mate fruits, they are an abundant source of raw material not exploited yet. Saponins are known as natural surfactants, being used by their emulsifier and pharmacological properties. This study aimed to evaluate emergent extraction techniques such as Ultrasound (US), Moderate Electric Field (MEF) and Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) for the selective extraction of saponins from unripe fruits of yerba mate. Three power conditions (565, 423 and 282W cm-2), electric field intensities (50, 37.5 and 25 V cm-1) and pressure conditions (10, 20 and 30 MPa) were initially assayed for US, MEF and SFE respectively at 40 °C. Power and electric field intensity were found to affect the saponins yields, thus, their correlation with different temperatures were evaluated with a factorial design. At the optimal condition, US and MEF saponins yields were 6.42% and 6.83% (%gilex gextract-1). Extraction yield curves were raised for optimum conditions of electric field and ultrasound power (37.5 V cm-1 and 565 W cm-², respectively). Three different kinetic models were used to model mathematically the overall extraction curves, namely a first-order, second-order, and a mass transfer model based on Fick’s Law. The operating pressure had no effect on either the overall brute extract or saponins yield for SFE. Although the extracts obtained with supercritical fluid showed low brute extracts yields, it was highly selective for saponins yielding up to 10.09%. For supercritical extraction, the extraction curve for 10 MPa and 40 °C was assayed and the experimental data fitted by a mathematical model. Parameters related to mass transfer, important for understanding of the extractive processes, were successfully estimated. In this study, the extraction with ultrasounds, electric field and supercritical CO2 were shown to be technically viable to obtain saponins from unripe yerba mate fruits, being EFS more selective than the other technics studied.
Rosa, Lilian da 1986. "A trajetória do setor ervateiro na província do Rio Grande do Sul." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286460.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
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Resumo: O presente trabalho analisa como ocorreu a formação e trajetória do setor ervateiro na Província do Rio Grande do Sul, no período compreendido entre 1822 a 1889, e, por conseguinte, identifica os impactos e desdobramentos da emergência desse novo ramo econômico para a política, a sociedade e a economia rio-grandense. Essa perspectiva de análise foi abordada a partir de dois aspectos: o socioeconômico e o político. Com respeito ao socioeconômico, considera-se a colonização, o comércio externo, o aumento populacional, a participação do Estado, as relações de trabalho - divisão e remuneração ¿ e os meios de produção. Com respeito ao político, leva-se em conta a Revolução Farroupilha e a Guerra do Paraguai, conflitos que abalaram a Província durante o Império. A identificação dos impactos desses agentes sobre a economia e a sociedade ervateira rio-grandense é importante para entender as transformações que ocorreram nesse setor econômico e seus reflexos no desenvolvimento regional
Abstract: This work deals with the generation and the paths taken by the economic sector of yerba-mate at the Province of Rio Grande do Sul, between 1822 and 1889, and, thereafter, identifies the impacts and developments of emergence of this new sector for the politics, society and economy of the Province. The analysis came from two points of view: the socio-economic and the political. With respect to the first point, it taken into account the colonization, foreign trade, State actions, labor relations and means of production. With respect to the second, it taken into consideration the Rag-amuffin and Paraguayan Wars, both conflicts that shook the Province during Empire of Brazil. The recognition of the consequences of these agents on the economy and society of the yerba-mate is an important step to understand the changes that occurred in this economic sector and its effects on regional development
Mestrado
Historia Economica
Mestra em Desenvolvimento Econômico
Moraes, Cristina de. "ORGANIZAÇÃO ESPACIAL DA PRODUÇÃO DE ERVA-MATE NO MUNICÍPIO DE PALMITOS/SC." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2010. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9328.
Full textO presente estudo objetiva compreender a organização espacial da produção de erva-mate no município de Palmitos/SC, ao longo do tempo. A exploração desse recurso natural está vinculada com as primeiras formas de ocupação humana desenvolvidas no espaço que comporta o município em estudo. Nesse período desempenhava função principal na determinação da formas que o espaço recebia da ação humana. Concomitantemente, é nesse mesmo período que se intensificaram as disputas entre Brasil e Argentina por esse espaço, num embate diplomático nominado como Questão de Palmas. Após a resolução desse, o governo brasileiro desenvolve políticas territoriais imigratórias com interesses geopolíticos e geoeconômicos, que se expressam na implantação de pequenas propriedades rurais, que sem pujança para produzirem os produtos de exportação, voltariam sua produção à gêneros alimentícios, absorvidos pela demanda produzida pelo processo de urbanização e industrialização desenvolvido no Sudeste brasileiro. Nesse contexto, a exploração da erva-mate assume papel secundário nessa formação socioespacial, na qual a produção de cereais e desenvolvimento da pecuária, sobretudo, suínos, assumiram papel primordial na determinação da economia da região e organização espacial. Após a reestruturação produtiva, na década de 1970, na qual a indústria ervateira vivencia um aperfeiçoamento técnico que eleva a demanda de matéria-prima, tem como conseqüência a valorização do produto. Por outro lado, através do mesmo fenômeno (reestruturação produtiva) os produtores rurais vivenciam um processo de seletividade e marginalização, que induz a constante busca de alternativas de produção para viabilizaram a reprodução social dos mesmos. A combinação desses fatores corresponde aos pressupostos explicativos para a reinserção do cultivo da erva-mate no município, com elevada declaração de produção desse no ano de 1996 (Censo Agropecuário, 1996). Para efetuar o estudo, tornou-se necessário o entendimento histórico-geográfico das formações espaciais desenvolvidas em Palmitos/SC e peculiaridades da atividade ervateira.
Lima, Natália da Silva. "Efeitos do tratamento com erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) sobre desordens endócrinas e metabólicas em ratos obesos programados pelo desmame precoce." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9527.
Full textA erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) contribui para a perda de peso e reversão da resistência à insulina, mesmo em combinação com dieta hiperlipídica, despertando interesse do seu uso como uma possível estratégia no controle da obesidade. Previamente demonstramos que ratos desmamados precocemente desenvolvem sobrepeso, obesidade central, hiperleptinemia, resistência à insulina e à leptina na idade adulta. Propomos então avaliar os benefícios do extrato aquoso do Ilex paraguariensis sobre a composição corporal, perfis lipídico e hormonal, sinalização da leptina, neuropeptídeos envolvidos com o controle do consumo alimentar, marcadores inflamatórios e do estresse oxidativo. Para indução do desmame precoce, as tetas das ratas lactantes foram envolvidas com uma atadura para bloquear o acesso da prole ao leite materno nos últimos 3 dias da lactação (grupo DP). Os filhotes do grupo controle tiveram livre acesso ao leite durante todos os 21 dias do período de lactação normal (grupo C). Aos 150 dias de idade, as proles DP foram subdivididas em: DP e DP+Mate, de acordo com o tratamento (água ou extrato aquoso de erva-mate 1g/kg PC, respectivamente), por gavagem, diariamente, por 30 dias. As proles C receberam água por gavagem por 30 dias. Aos 180 dias de idade, os 3 grupos foram sacrificados por decapitação. Dados foram considerados significativos quando p <0,05. Aos 180 dias (1 mês após o tratamento), o grupo DP+Mate corrigiu várias alterações observadas no grupo DP, tais como maior massa corporal (+9%), massa de tecido adiposo retroperitoneal e epididimal (+34% e +39%, respectivamente), gordura corporal total (+76%), gordura subcutânea (+61%), área de adipócitos viscerais (+34%), triglicerídeos séricos (+35%), TNF-α no núcleo ARC (+57%), expressão de IL-1β no adipócito (+3,6 vezes), percentual de esteatose hepática (+4,8 vezes) e TBARS em fígado e plasma (+56%, +87%). A atividade SOD diminuída no grupo DP é normalizada pelo tratamento com mate, enquanto, paradoxalmente, a catalase que estava aumentada no grupo DP é normalizada com o tratamento com mate. As alterações de glicemia e HDL-c sérico no grupo DP não se modificaram ao final do tratamento com a erva-mate. A hiperfagia não foi observada na prole DP+Mate, provavelmente devido a normalização parcial da sensibilidade central à leptina (confirmada pelo teste do efeito anorexigênico da leptina) e pela redução de NPY e aumento de POMC. Assim, até o momento evidenciamos que o tratamento por 30 dias com extrato de erva-mate foi capaz de impedir a gênese de obesidade abdominal, a resistência à leptina, a hipertrigliceridemia e algumas alterações do perfil inflamatório e do estresse oxidativo nos ratos com obesidade programada pelo DP, tornando o uso da erva-mate como uma estratégia promissora no controle de peso e das desordens metabólicas presentes na obesidade.
Souza, Suelen Jorge de. "Efeito da ingestão de chocolate e erva mate no perfil lipídico e oxidativo de indivíduos com HIV/AIDS em uso de terapia antirretroviral." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-11102013-093649/.
Full textIntroduction: Nowadays there is an increase of cardiovascular complications, such as changes on the lipid and oxidative profile of individuals with HIV/AIDS due to the infection itself, as well as to the different components of the antiretroviral therapy (ART). Several studies in other populations, show that flavonoids in cocoa (Theobroma cacao) and yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) may improve cardiovascular function due to its antioxidant and lipid lowering. Objective: To evaluate the effect of chocolate intake and yerba mate on the lipid and oxidative profile of individuals with HIV/AIDS on ART. Methodology: Randomized, placebocontrolled, blinded cross-over trial involving 89 volunteers ages 28-59 years, in ART for at least six months and with viral load <500 copies/mL. The volunteers consumed 65g chocolate bar (36g dark chocolate containing cocoa or placebo) and 3g of tea (yerba mate soluble and placebo) for 15 days each, followed by 15 days washout period before the subsequent treatment. The following characteristics were evaluated: demographic and socio-economic, anthropometric, immunologic, physical activity, lipid profile (total cholesterol, LDL-c, HDL-c, non-HDL-c, triglycerides and Castelli I and II indices), and lipid oxidation profile (electronegative LDL and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances- TBARS). Statistical analyzes were performed by the cross-over analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the procedure pkcross in Stata version 11.0. The paired Students t-test was also utilized. A p value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Patients were mostly male (62.92 per cent) with a mean age of 44.6 (± 7.1) years. The mean time of HIV/AIDS diagnosis was 13.2 (± 4.8) years, with 10.6 (± 5.1) years of ART. There was no statistically significant difference comparing the lipid profile and lipid oxidation profile of the individuals under the different supplementations (dark chocolate, yerba mate, and placebo) by ANOVA. However, comparing the variables in the baseline period and after consumption of dark chocolate by the paired Students t-test, there were increases in total cholesterol (p=0.005), HDL-c (p=0.019) and LDL-c (p=0.002). Conclusion: This is the first clinical study that evaluated the effect of chocolate (cocoa) and mate tea (yerba mate) consumption on lipid and oxidative profile of individuals with HIV/AIDS on ART. In the present study, daily consumption of neither cocoa nor yerba mate for 15 days was sufficient to improve lipid and oxidative profile of these individuals, despite the increase in HDL-c observed after consumption of dark chocolate. Such an outcome in this group of individuals can be distinguished due to its metabolism, which is altered not only by the infection itself, but also by the ART, the amount and bioavailability of flavonoids in supplements and timing of intervention
Petrilli, Aline de Almeida. "Efeito dos compostos fenólicos do cacau e chá mate no perfil inflamatório de indivíduos com HIV/aids em terapia antirretroviral." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-21082015-135240/.
Full textIntroduction: There has been an increase on cardiovascular diseases occurrence in the HIV/AIDS population. It is know that initial alterations that after evolve to cardiovascular diseases are related with changes in inflammatory and oxidative disorders. Several studies in other populations demonstrated that flavonoids in cocoa (Theobroma cacao) and yerba mate (Ilex paraguaensis) may improve cardiovascular function due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Objective: To evaluated the effect of chocolate and yerba mate intake on the inflammatory and oxidative profile of people living with HIV/AIDS in antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methodology: Randomized, placebo-controlled, blinded cross-over trial involving 92 volunteers ages 28-59 years, in ART for at least six months and with viral load <50 copies/mL. The volunteers consumed 65g chocolate bar (36g dark chocolate containing cocoa or placebo) and 3g of tea (yerba mate soluble and placebo) for 15 day each, followed by 15 days washout period before the subsequent treatment. In addition to the inflammatory and oxidative variables (us-CRP, fibrinogen, TBARS, HDL-c) the following characteristics were evaluated: demographic and socioeconomic profile, anthropometric variables, immunological and physical activity. Statistical analyzes were performed by the cross-over analyzes of variance (ANOVA) using the procedure pkcross in Stata version 11.0. The paired Student`s t-test was also utilized. A p value 0,05 was considered significant. Results: Patients were mostly male (63 per cent ), with a mean age of 45,0 years. The mean time of HIV/AIDS diagnosis was 13,3 (5±), with 10,7 (±5,1) years of ART. There was statistically significant difference when analyzed by ANOVA only for HDL-c (p = 0,05). However, comparing the variables in the baseline x dark chocolate by the paired Student`s t-test, there were increase in the HDL-c (p = 0,01) and decrease in the leukocyte (p = 0,01) and neutrophil (p = 0,02), and when compared the values of the variables between dark chocolate and placebo also there was statistically significant difference for HDL-c (p = 0,05), leukocyte (p = 0,01) and neutrophil (p = 0,03). Conclusion: This is the first clinical study that evaluated the effect of chocolate (cocoa) and mate tea (yerba mate) consumption on inflammatory and oxidative profile of individuals with HIV/AIDS on ART. In the present study, daily consumption of neither cocoa nor yerba mate for 15 days was sufficient to improve inflammatory and oxidative profile in this group of individuals, despite the increase in HDL-c and decrease of leukocyte and neutrophil values after consumption of dark chocolate. Such an outcome in this group of individuals can be distinguished due to its metabolism, which is altered not only by the infection, but also by the ART, the amount and bioavailability of flavonoids in supplements and timing of intervention.
Jacob, Patrícia Silva. "Efeito da erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) sobre a resposta inflamatória e via da sinalização da insulina no fígado de ratos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-25062012-161250/.
Full textIntroduction Obesity is associated with a chronic low-grade inflammation that predisposes to insulin resistance and to the development of type 2 diabetes. The augmentation of plasmatic nonesterified fatty acids and proinflammatory cytokines increases the hepatic expression of some kinases (inhibitor of kappa B kinase (IKK-) and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)) that increases the inflammatory response and impairs the insulin signaling. Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) contains bioactive compounds, which have the ability to reduce the expression of genes involved in inflammatory response. Objective This aim of this project was to investigate the effect of yerba mate aqueous extract (YMAE) intake on the inflammatory response and insulin signaling regulation in the liver of Wistar rats submitted to adjusted high-fat diet (HFD). Methods Male Wistar rats were fed with a control diet (n=18) or a HFD (n=18) for 12 weeks. After this, six animals of each group were euthanized and the rest of the animals were distributed in groups that received, or not, by gavage, YMAE (1g/kg body weight/day) for four weeks. Then, all the animals were euthanized and was determined the glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerol (TAG), leptin, adiponectin, TNF-, IL-6, C-reactive protein (CPR), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 and MCP-1 concentration, and the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) plasma activity. Histological analysis was performed for the evaluation of lipid infiltration. The body composition of the animal was also evaluated. To expression evaluation of the JNK, IKK-, NF-B, IRS-1 and AKT, a group of animals (n = 36) underwent the same experimental protocol, however, insulin infusion were done previously to moment of euthanasia. All animal were submitted to the oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) and the intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test (ipITT) in the first, twelfth and sixteenth weeks of the experimental protocol. Results After 12 weeks of experimental protocol, HLBL group had higher feed intake, however, isocaloric intake when compared to the CONBL group (p < 0,05). The HLBL group had a significant increase of weight gain; retroperitoneal adipose deposit and liver weight; fasting glycaemia; glycaemia when submitted to oGTT in all times of the test and upon ipITT at time 0, 5, 30 and 40; serum total cholesterol, LDLcholesterol; PAI-1 and CRP in relation to CONBL (p < 0.05). Only one third of the HLBL animals presented micro and macrogoticular discrete degeneration. The consumption of HFD decreased the hepatic AKT phosphorylation compared to animals fed with the CON diet (p < 0,05). As regards to the YMAE effects, it was observed that this intervention did not alters food consumption, because the animals submitted to the HFD, with or without YMAE administration, ingested significantly lower quantity in relation to their respective control groups (p < 0.05). However, energy consumption again proved to be isocaloric (p < 0.05). The administration of YMAE reversed the weight gain in the groups fed with HFD and also reduced the percentage of carcass fat in the animals fed with the CON diet in relation to the respective groups without intervention (p < 0.05). The CONEM group presented an increased percentage of lean mass and reduction in blood glucose concentration in the ipITT after 5 and 10 minutes from the beginning of the test when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The YMAE reduced serum total cholesterol concentration in the group fed with the HFD compared to CON group (p < 0,05). The HLEM group presented lowest ratio of expression of phosphorylated by total IKK-, NFB phosphorylation, as well as the major ratio of the expression of phosphorylated by total AKT than HFD group (p < 0,05). Conclusions HFD intake induced liver proinflammatory profile and glucose intolerance. Thus, HFD intake can be considered a relevant factor in the etiology of obesity and the development of chronic non-comunicable diseases, in particular, the type 2 diabetes. The intervention with YMAE modulates the inflammatory response and decreased glucose intolerance. All these factors together indicate that yerba mate may have a positive effect on risk reduction and treatment of chronic diseases.
Fujii, Tatiane Mieko de Meneses. "Efeito do consumo isocalórico da ração hiperlipídica e da administração da erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) sobre a expressão de proteínas envolvidas na via de sinalização da insulina no músculo sóleo de ratos Wistar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-24052013-150434/.
Full textIntroduction: The ingestion of saturated lipids is related to increase adiposity in humans or in animal models. The excess of fat improve the chronic and low grade of inflammation, condition associated with glucose metabolism disorders, insulin resistance and development of non-communicable diseases (NCD). In muscle tissue, the increase of proteins quinases activities, such as kinase inhibitor of B (IKK)- and c-Jun N terminal kinase (JNK) contributes for hyperglycemia thought the reduction of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 and protein quinase B (AKT/PKB) activation. The administration of yerba mate (YM), which contain bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory activity, can act on the reduction of inflammatory process induced by saturated fatty acid consumption. Objective: To investigate the effects of isocaloric high-fat diet consumption and Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) administration on the expression of proteins involved in the insulin signaling pathway in Wistar rats soleus muscle. Methods: The experimental design was accomplished in 2 moments. Firstly, 36 Wistar rats, male, were distributed into two groups that ingested control (CON) (n=18) or high-fat (HF) (n=18) diets, during 12 weeks, characterizing baseline groups CONBL and HFBL, respectively. After this period, 6 animals from each group were euthanized, while the others were distributed in groups which received, or not, by oral gavage, yerba mate aqueous extract (YMAE) dose of 1 g/Kg of body weight), for 4 weeks. The rats were submitted to the oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) and to the intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test (ipITT) on the first, twelfth and sixteenth week of experimental protocol. From the blood, were determined the concentrations of glucose, insulin, free fatty acids, adiponectin and C reactive protein. The body composition was available from the animal\'s carcass. From the soleus muscle, it was available the protein expression of JNK, IKK-, AKT and IRS-1, in total and phosphorylated forms and NF-B at the phosphorylated form. Also, it was realized the histology analysis in this tissue. Results: The ingestion of HF diet did not increase adiposity, however, the HFBL group presented retroperitoneal pad weight higher than CONBL (p<0,05). The HFBL group showed hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and elevated plasmatic concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL non-cholesterol and C reactive protein compared to CONBL group (p<0,05). On the soleus muscle, verified increase of phospho:total IKK- ratio in HFBL group in relation to CONBL (p=0,02). The supplementation with AEYM diminished 1 per cent (p<0,05) of weight gain in HL supplemented group in relation to HF not supplemented that presented 2 per cent of weight gain when compared to HF+YM. In times of 5 and 10 minutes after the insulin load, the glycemia of HF+YM were lesser than the HF group (p<0,05). Conclusion: The isocaloric high-fat diet intake promoted important metabolic changes, suggesting a possible activation of inflammatory process including in skeletal muscle. The administration of YM reduced the weight gain, improved the insulin sensibility and the lipid profile, contributing for the reduction of cardiovascular risk
Ceribeli, Caroline. "Metabólitos polares e a estabilidade REDOX em carne de frangos suplementados com erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75135/tde-20122016-144315/.
Full textHuman food needs to supply essential nutrients in balance. Meat is a perfect protein source and supplies iron and zinc and many micronutrients like vitamins. The consumption of meat would increase in the next years because the global production in 2012 was 302 millions of tons, and actually is 319 millions of tons, approximately. Concomitantly with the increasing of global consumption of meat, two problems arise. Meat and meat products also hold the risk of inducing oxidative stress through iron catalyzed formation of reactive species or by ingestion of organic hydro peroxides during digestion. These species can cause the deterioration of the product, affecting its shelf-life, compromising its quality and influencing economic aspects. In the context of the public health, these species can generate cellular imbalance, genetic mutations, and chromosome damages, resulting in degenerative diseases of the human organism. A balanced diet should be inspired by Nature. Through evolution, oxidative stress made plants to produce bioactive compounds like xanthines and phenolic compounds to protect against oxidative stress. Yerba-mate, Ilex paraguariensis, contains relative high amounts of these compounds that act as antioxidants, which may be use as a feeding additive in order to modify the redox status of the animal organism. This may induce change in the animal metabolism, affecting the muscle tissue composition and thus the meat quality. The present investigation aims to screen changes in the polar metabolites composition and its impact on the redox stability of meat from broilers fed with different levels of yerba-mate extract as feed additive. The addition of mate extract to broilers feed clearly provided a quantitative change in the polar metabolites of meat as shown by 1H NMR analysis and impacted positively in the redox stability of meat as probed by spin-trapping EPR analysis. In conclusion, addition of 0.075 % w/w of yerba-mate extract to the broilers feed shown up like the best treatment because it produced biochemical changes in the animal metabolism improving the oxidative stability meat which may positively increase the product shelf-life and a safer and higher quality product to the consumer.