Journal articles: 'Yerma'

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Hernández de Miguel, Eleuterio R. "YERMA 2.0." Medicina Reproductiva y Embriología Clínica 2, no. 2 (August 2015): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medre.2015.04.002.

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Kimberly Ramírez. "Yerma (review)." Theatre Journal 60, no. 2 (2008): 298–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tj.0.0032.

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Mart, Guadalupe, and Nez Lacalle. "Yerma: ?Una tragedia pura y simplemente?" Neophilologus 72, no. 2 (April 1988): 227–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00399677.

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Six, Fred. "Yerma vraag een toedeling, een Vlaamse hertaling." Documenta 24, no. 1 (March 25, 2019): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/doc.v24i1.10389.

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Aubé-Bourligueux, Jocelyne. "Yerma, el arte de develar al público el conflicto originario oculto." La Palabra y el Hombre, revista de la Universidad Veracruzana, no. 51 (November 11, 2020): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.25009/lpyh.v0i51.3095.

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La autora nos presenta un análisis meticuloso sobre el personaje principal de Yerma, obra teatral perteneciente a la llamada "trilogía lorquiana", estrenada el 29 de diciembre de 1934. "Nada se ha dejado al azar desde la primera línea de esta obra, concebida de entrada como muestra de arte total, en la que cada detalle visual o sonoro tendrá su papel y significación".

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ÖZYÖN, Arzu. "LORCA'NIN YERMA ADLI OYUNUNDA YARATICI/YIKICI BİR GÜÇ OLARAK KADIN." Journal of Social Sciences 14, no. 14 (January 1, 2017): 536–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.16990/sobider.3536.

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Jovaní, Alfonso Boix. "La Tierra Yerma y el destierro en el Cantar de Mio Cid." Bulletin of Hispanic Studies 85, no. 6 (December 2008): 781–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/bhs.85.6.2.

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Goebel McDermott, Anthony. "Historia ambiental, representaciones sociales y exploración decimonónica: elementos conceptuales y empíricos para el estudio del imaginario ambiental de la Costa Rica del siglo XIX." Diálogos Revista Electrónica 9, no. 2 (August 8, 2008): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/dre.v9i2.6150.

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El artículo hace un balance de algunos de los enfoques “dominantes” en el estudio de las relaciones sociedad-naturaleza en el pasado, haciendo énfasis en su dimensión simbólico representativa. Asimismo, y con base en este último referente conceptual, el trabajo analiza las distintas formas en que los exploradores que visitaron Costa Rica en el siglo XIX, valoraron los caminos y las vías de comunicación como parte de los “prerrequisitos indispensables” para lo que consideraban debía ser la necesaria reorganización productiva de una naturaleza yerma y ociosa que carecía de valor alguno mientras se encontrara al margen de la dinámica del mercado capitalista.

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Cifuentes, Luis Fernandez, and Dennis A. Klein. "Blood Wedding, Yerma, and The House of Bernarda Alba. Garcia Lorca's Tragic Trilogy." Hispanic Review 62, no. 1 (1994): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/474449.

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Molina García, María José. "La lectura de los clásicos en la etapa preuniversitaria: una propuesta de intervención." Enunciación 20, no. 1 (December 22, 2015): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14483/udistrital.jour.enunc.2015.1.a02.

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Este artículo fomenta la lectura de clásicos entre los alumnos preuniversitarios con la presentación de una propuesta de trabajo a partir de la obra dramática de Federico García Lorca, Yerma, por la relevancia y actualidad de los temas que trata.Es una investigación cualitativa cuyos resultados desprenden que con la literatura se generan espacios para que los estudiantes imaginen, jueguen con el texto literario, desarrollen una competencia literaria, reflexionen y construyan experiencias con el grupo y analicen una realidad en donde hay muchas culturas y distintas opiniones. Como novedad, se incluye una perspectiva metodológica bimodal que enfatiza la pertinencia de este texto literario en la sociedad del siglo XXI.

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Edwards, Gwynne. "Lorca on the English Stage: Problems of Production and Translation." New Theatre Quarterly 4, no. 16 (November 1988): 344–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x00002943.

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The production during 1987 of no less than three plays by the usually-neglected Spanish dramatist Lorca – Blood Wedding, Yerma, and The House of Bernarda Alba – provided a rare opportunity for a reconsideration of the plays as works for the live theatre, and of the particular problems involved in ‘translating’ them (in every sense of the word) for the English-speaking stage. In the following article. Gwynne Edwards considers the difficulties which confront the translator of Lorca's plays, the production-style which is implicit in Lorca's theatre, and the varying extents to which the three recent productions approximated to it. Gwynne Edwards is Professor of Spanish at the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth. He has published full-length studies of Lorca and of Luis Buñuel, and numerous translations of Spanish plays, including two in the volume of Three Plays published by Methuen in 1987, and the version of Blood Wedding used in the Contact Theatre production here considered.

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Djordjević, Rastko Rafael. "El teatro Español en Ljubljana entre 1945-1990." Verba Hispanica 1, no. 1 (December 31, 1991): 129–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/vh.1.1.129-130.

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Una mañana pasada en el archivo del Thatro Nacional de Ljubljana resulta más que suficiente para poder constatar que las obras teatrales españolas han sido estrenadas raramente durante los últimos cuarenta años y esto con mucha irregularidad. Los años cincuenta (el período después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial) se mostraron favorables al teatro español; el público de Ljubljana encuentra en las piezas de Lorca y en las del Siglo de Oro algo diferente. Los espectadores viven el destino trágico, la espera vana, el camino irrealizado, Ia muerte con Ia que concluye el anhelo de vivir de los héroes de Lorca; los autores del Siglo de Oro con sus temas caballerescos de honor y de venganza y con su sentido del humor sorprenden y entusiasman. De este modo, se estrenan desde 1949 hasta 1959 tres obras maestras de Lorca:1950 La casa de BemardaAlba,1955 Bodas de sangre y finalmente en 1959 Yerma.

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Badenes, José I. "Until death do us part: Matrimony, Casti Connubii, and the Catholic Church in Federico García Lorca's Yerma." Christianity & Literature 65, no. 1 (November 10, 2015): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0148333115585274.

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Ossa Martínez, Marco Antonio de la. "Morente-Lorca, Lorca-Morente." Revista de Investigación sobre Flamenco "La madrugá", no. 18 (December 30, 2021): 19–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/flamenco.465891.

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In this paper we will focus on Morente-Lorca, the explicit recording that Enrique dedicated in 1998 to Fuente Vaqueros on the centenary of his birth. Produced by La Barbería del Sur under the artistic direction of the cantaor and arranged in two sections by Giorgi Petkov and Giorgi Krassimirov, it was structured in 14 tracks. In a good number of them, Morente started from different poems and fragments of Lorca dramas (So after five years, Doña Rosita la soltera, Yerma, Poeta en Nueva York, Poema del cante jondo and Diwán del Tamarit) that were put to music by Juan Manuel Cañizares, Juan Carlos Romero and by himself (he also took letters from San Juan de la Cruz and Francisco García Lorca). Among them, “Campanas por el poeta” stands out, a song recorded live by the engineer José Ángel Ruiz in the Plaza de la Catedral in Barcelona at the 1998 Mercè Festival. In addition to the live performance, they also added the sound of the bells of the city of Granada collected from the Plaza de San Nicolás del Albaicín at 5 in the morning. They also picked up other echoes of the dawn atmosphere of the city of the Alhambra. En este artículo nos centraremos en Morente-Lorca, la explícita grabación que el del Albaicín dedicó en 1998 al de Fuente Vaqueros en el centenario de su nacimiento. Producida por La Barbería del Sur bajo la dirección artística del cantaor y con arreglos en dos secciones de Giorgi Petkov y Giorgi Krassimirov, se estructuró en catorce cortes. En varios de ellos, Enrique partió de distintos poemas y fragmentos de dramas lorquianos (Así que pasen cinco años, Doña Rosita la soltera, Yerma, Poeta en Nueva York, Poema del cante jondo y Diwán del Tamarit) que fueron puestos en música por Juan Manuel Cañizares, Juan Carlos Romero y por él mismo (también tomó letras de san Juan de la Cruz y Francisco García Lorca).Entre ellos, sobresale “Campanas por el poeta”, tema grabado en vivo por el ingeniero José Ángel Ruiz en la plaza de la Catedral de Barcelona en las Fiestas de la Mercè de 1998. Además de la interpretación en vivo, también añadieron el sonido de las campanas de la ciudad de Granada recogido desde la plaza de san Nicolás del Albaicín a las cinco de la mañana. Del mismo modo, tomaron otros ecos del ambiente del amanecer de la ciudad de la Alhambra.

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LONDON, JOHN. "Dennis A. Klein, "'Blood Wedding', 'Yerma' and 'The House of Bernarda Alba': García Lorca's Tragic Trilogy" (Book Review)." Bulletin of Hispanic Studies 70, no. 4 (October 1993): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/bhs.70.4.475.

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Vizuete Negrete, Washington Ludovico. "Derecho a la Comunicación y a Comunicar Informar, educar y entretener de manera sana." Ciencia Unemi 6, no. 10 (June 24, 2015): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.29076/issn.2528-7737vol6iss10.2013pp59-63p.

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El objetivo de este análisis, es visualizar la aplicación del DERECHO CONSTITUCIONAL DE LA COMUNICACIÓN, y la praxis de COMUNICAR de los grandes medios de comunicación, quienes han monopolizado esos derechos ciudadanos, para manipular, ideologizar, la “información” que publican, celando intereses ajenos a esos derechos, expresado por Habermas (1999). Los debates para aplicación de esos derechos, concluyen alertando del peligro que constituyen ese tipo de informaciones, porque soslayan, atentan, contra la identidad nacional, cultural, educativa, por el consumo de esos mensajes, generalmente realizados por empíricos, (deformando, precarizando al periodismo profesional), para sutilmente moldear una sociedad yerma, displicente, dócil, que asuma antivalores como el egoísmo, racismo, que insensibiliza, subyuga, para aceptar las cosas, reaccionar ante hechos de corrupción, injusticia,ilegalidad, según al grado de influencia y control que ejerzan sobre la opinión pública. Se fundamentaen la observación y seguimiento de las noticias producidas por grandes medios, de propiedad o vinculados a corporaciones, que para seguir creciendo parcializan, sesgan los contenidos a difundir, minimizando irreversibles daños psicológicos, educativos que causan en sus públicos, priorizando temasque garanticen altos ratings de sintonía sinónimo de ganancias, mientras sosiegan la vigencia de la inutilizada Ley Orgánica de Comunicación.

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Sánchez Costa, Enrique. "El héroe exploratorio en "El cuento del Grial" de Chrétien de Troyes: una interpretación desde el pensamiento de Jordan Peterson." Tirant: Butlletí informatiu i bibliogràfic de literatura de cavalleries, no. 24 (December 16, 2021): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/tirant.24.22073.

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Este artículo emplea el esquema de representación mitológica de Jordan Peterson (que deriva del análisis de los arquetipos de Jung) para tratar de ofrecer una interpretación novedosa de El cuento del Grial de Chrétien de Troyes. Se concluye que Perceval es el héroe exploratorio que se aventura en el mundo de lo desconocido (el bosque, lo inexplorado, el caos, la Naturaleza, la Gran Madre), para extraer conocimiento que revitaliza la tradición. Al afrontar lo desconocido (el dragón del caos) el héroe arriesga su integridad física y moral. Llega, incluso, a extraviar el ideal durante años, pero su humildad (su apertura cognoscitiva) le salva. Reconoce su ignorancia y renace espiritualmente. Cabe conjeturar, de acuerdo con la lógica interna de esta narración inacabada, que el héroe seguirá buscando la lanza y el Grial; hasta que, encontrándolos, cure la invalidez del Rey Pescador y devuelva la fecundidad a sus tierras (y de ese modo, simbólicamente, redima también a su padre de su muerte desgraciada y reverdezca las tierras de la Yerma Floresta). Así, Perceval, el héroe exploratorio, el conocedor, actualizará lo ya conocido (la caballería, lo explorado, el orden, la Cultura, el Gran Padre), transformándolo creativamente.

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Minier, Márta. "‘ To only use text where absolutely necessary’: An interview with Natalie Abrahami about director-led adaptations of classics, her work at the Gate Theatre and Yerma." Journal of Adaptation in Film & Performance 5, no. 2 (October 4, 2012): 197–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jafp.5.2.197_1.

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Samoggia, Antonella, Pietro Landuzzi, and Carmen Enriqueta Vicién. "Market Expansion of Caffeine-Containing Products: Italian and Argentinian Yerba Mate Consumer Behavior and Health Perception." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15 (July 31, 2021): 8117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158117.

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Mate is the most consumed beverage in South America. There is interest in expanding yerba mate sales into the old and new markets by promoting its health properties and energizing effects. The research study aims to explore Argentinian and Italian purchasing and consumption behavior and perception of yerba mate. The exploration includes agro-food chain stakeholders’ views, and consumers’ habits, perception, knowledge of yerba mate in relation to other market positioning caffeine-containing products. Data collection includes qualitative method, such as interviews with agro-food chain stakeholders, that is producers, processors, consumers, and quantitative consumer survey. Data collection was carried out in Argentina and in Italy. Results show that in Argentina yerba mate consumption is driven by habit and tradition, and in Italy yerba mate is mostly unknown. Consumers tend to drink yerba mate in Argentina and other caffeine-containing beverages in Italy to socialize, and as source of energy. Consumers have little awareness of yerba mate antioxidant properties. Yerba mate provides the energy of coffee drinking, and the taste and pleasure of tea drinking. Italian consumers’ key challenge to yerba mate drinking is the longer time it takes, compared to the usual espresso. Italians perceive it as an energetic or relaxing beverage, with a consumption experience similar to tea and infusions. There is need to update commercialization strategy of yerba mate in Italy.

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Mireski, Maria Cecília, Cristiane Vieira Helm, Ivar Wendling, Elisa Serra Negra, Álvaro Figueredo Dos Santos, and Antonio Carlos Nogueira. "POLYPHENOLS IN YERBA MATE SEEDS: POTENTIAL INHIBITORS OF GERMINATION." FLORESTA 48, no. 4 (October 2, 2018): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v48i4.57592.

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Due to its economic, social, and ecological potentials, yerba mate can be a source of employment and income in the southern region of Brazil. The objectives of the present study was to (1) quantify the total polyphenols in fresh yerba mate seeds (FS), seeds dehydrated for 70 d (SD), and seeds stratified in sand for 180 d (SS); (2) evaluate the potential germination and growth inhibitory effects of water, ethanol + water (1:1), and ethanol (99%) extracts of yerba seeds (FS, SD, and SS) using lettuce seedlings; and (3) verify the presence of polyphenols in fresh seeds of yerba mate through histochemical methods. In the bioassay, extracts of yerba mate seeds were used in the germination of lettuce seeds. For the histochemical analysis, sections of yerba mate seeds were stained with specific dyes. The results revealed that yerba mate fresh seeds contain higher concentration of phenolic compounds, which decreased in dehydrated seeds, and almost no phenolic compound was observed in stratified seeds. The bioassay results showed that the polyphenols present in the extracts of yerba mate seeds resulted in phytotoxic effect on the roots of lettuce seedlings. The histochemical observations revealed the presence of “lignified rough barrier” and phenolic compounds between the endocarp and endosperm of the yerba mate seeds

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Santos, Fabio Seiji, Lucia Maria Zeoula, Luciano Soares De Lima, Francilaine Eloise De Marchi, Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo, Nadine Woruby Santos, Paula Matumoto Pintro, Julio Cesar Damasceno, and Geraldo Tadeu dos Santos. "Effect of supplementation with Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) and vitamin E on milk lipoperoxidation in cows receiving diets containing ground soybean seeds." Journal of Dairy Research 86, no. 3 (July 22, 2019): 279–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029919000529.

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AbstractThis research communication addresses the hypothesis that the association of dietary vitamin E and Yerba Mate could help to prevent or decrease oxidation of milk enriched in unsaturated fatty acids (UFA). Four multiparous lactating Holstein cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square. Treatments were: (1) control diet with no Yerba Mate or vitamin E; (2) diet containing 375 IU/kg vitamin E; (3) diet containing 30 g/kg Yerba Mate; and (4) diet containing 375 IU/kg vitamin E and 30 g/kg Yerba Mate. To increase unsaturated fatty acids in milk, cows were fed 172 g/kg soybean seeds (on a dry matter basis). There was no interaction between vitamin E and Yerba Mate supplementation for milk antioxidant-related (polyphenols, reducing power, conjugated dienes, and TBARS) analyses. Milk reducing power was increased when cows were supplemented with Yerba Mate. Our results suggest that the association of dietary vitamin E and Yerba Mate does not help to prevent or decrease oxidation of milk in UFA.

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Huang, Wen-Ying, Pei-Chi Lee, Jaw-Cherng Hsu, Yu-Ru Lin, Hui-Ju Chen, and Yung-Sheng Lin. "Effects of Water Quality on Dissolution of Yerba Mate Extract Powders." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/768742.

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Yerba mate tea is known as one of the most popular nonalcoholic beverages favoured by South Americans due to its nutrition facts and medicinal properties. The processing of yerba mate tea is found to affect the properties of its final forms. This study presents an investigation into the effects of water sources on the dissolution of yerba mate extract powders. Comparisons were conducted between yerba mate teas prepared by dissolving yerba mate extract powders into tap water and deionized water. Topics to be explored in this work are the major compositions and antioxidant activities, including total phenol content, reducing power, DPPH scavenging activity, and ABTS+• scavenging capacity. It is indicated that there is little difference for antioxidant activities and major constituents of yerba mate teas between both water sources. However, a deeper color is seen in the tap water case, resulting from the reaction between tannic acid and ions. This research finding can be treated as a way to benefit the yerba mate tea processing for applications.

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Germain, Yves. "« Yerra obedeciendo »." Bulletin hispanique, no. 117-2 (December 15, 2015): 691–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/bulletinhispanique.4117.

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Celi, Pietro, and Adam Robinson. "Effects of Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) supplementation on the performance of dairy calves." Animal Production Science 50, no. 6 (2010): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an09169.

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Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis), a tea known for its high antioxidant content, was supplemented to 24 of 48 Holstein calves to assess its effect on the calves’ performance. Calves were weighed and blood samples were taken each week. Serum was assayed for metabolic parameters (total protein, albumin, urea, non-esterified fatty acids, triglycerides and β-hydroxybutyric acid) and markers of oxidative status [advanced oxidation protein products, 8-isoprostane and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) concentration]. Supplemented calves had higher triglyceride levels (P < 0.05) suggesting that Yerba Mate induced fat mobilisation and usage. A significant effect of the interaction time of sampling × diet (P < 0.05) was noted for plasma TAC concentration with the Yerba mate calves presenting significantly lower levels of TAC on the last week of the trial. Yerba Mate supplemented calves had significantly lower levels of total protein (P < 0.05) and albumin (P < 0.05) compared with the non-supplemented calves. The net result was reduced liveweight in Yerba Mate supplemented calves (P < 0.001) and thus the hypothesis that Yerba Mate supplementation would increase dairy calves’ growth rates was rejected. This study demonstrated that supplementation of Yerba Mate to dairy calves had significant effects on their metabolic and oxidative status, which resulted in lower liveweight at the end of the trial.

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Gawron-Gzella, Anna, Justyna Chanaj-Kaczmarek, and Judyta Cielecka-Piontek. "Yerba Mate—A Long but Current History." Nutrients 13, no. 11 (October 21, 2021): 3706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13113706.

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Bearing in mind the growing interest in Yerba Mate, a comprehensive study has been prepared containing the most important aspects and possibilities of its use. The introduction of the work contains the species characteristics of Yerba Mate, as well as information about the origin and places of cultivation. The next part focuses on the analysis of the composition, pointing to purine alkaloids, polyphenols, saponins, and minerals as groups of active compounds responsible for the clinical activity of Yerba Mate. The review of the results of preclinical and clinical studies indicates activity in relation to the stimulating effect, reducing weight by stimulating lipolysis, cardioprotective, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory effects. The information about the action of Yerba Mate is supplemented by the characteristics of its potential toxicity in terms of PAHs content (in particular benzo[α]pyrene) and preparation as a determinant of increased irritation. The current data on the effects of Yerba Mate and the wide safety margin of its use position this raw material as a valuable component of functional food. The growing frequency of consuming Yerba Mate, conditioned by the availability resulting from the globalization of the market and the information provided about it’s the pro-health effects, will position Yerba Mate’s popularity among wider population groups.

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Jason Saleh, Ali, Leen Othman, Michel Elchoueiry, Rita Ghanem, Samer Bazzi, Marwan El-Sabban, and Roula M. Abdel-Massih. "Anti-proliferative activity of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) aqueous extracts on human colorectal cancer cell lines." Functional Foods in Health and Disease 11, no. 10 (October 5, 2021): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v11i10.828.

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Background: Yerba mate, a popular, tea-like beverage prepared from the dried leaves of Ilex paraguariensis, is widely consumed, and has several reported health benefits. Compared with other herbal teas, the effect of yerba mate on human cells in the context of cancer has not been extensively studied. The method of extraction of bioactive compounds from the yerba mate leaves plays an important role in its effect on cancer cells. Methods: In this study we assessed the viability, anti-proliferative, and apoptotic effect of the aqueous yerba mate extract, prepared using the same conditions employed for consumption, on different human colorectal cancer cell lines (Caco-2, HT-29, and HCT116) and on the non-tumorigenic human colon epithelial cell line (NCM460).Results: Cytotoxicity of aqueous yerba mate extract was studied and a dose-dependent decrease in viability was observed in all the tested cell lines. At 24 hrs., viability decreased to 19.7% with Caco-2 cells, 2.7% with HCT116, and 8.4% with HT-29 cells at a concentration of 4.8 mg/mL of yerba mate extract. The effect was less prominent on the NCM460 cell line where the viability of cells at the same concentration was 65.2%. Yerba mate extract also showed concentration-dependent anti-proliferative effects as determined by the WST-1 proliferation kit. IC50 values ranged between 0.22-0.69 mg/mL at 24 hr for cell lines tested. To study whether cell death was due to apoptosis, Caco-2 cells were stained with Annexin V-FITC assay and an increase in the percentage of late apoptotic Caco-2 cells was observed with yerba mate extract at 0.6-4.8 mg/mL. Cell cycle analysis using DNA content by flow cytometry showed an increase in the percentage of Caco-2 cells in the subG0/G1 phase and the G0/G1 phase after treatment with 2.4 mg/mL extract. Collectively, our data suggest that yerba mate aqueous extract exhibits an anti-proliferative effect on tested cell lines by inducing apoptosis. Conclusions: Yerba mate aqueous extract exhibits a strong anti-proliferative activity against adenocarcinoma cell lines studied and constitutes a promising functional food adjuvant to anti-cancer therapy. Further work is needed to identify active components and mechanisms of action. Keywords: Aqueous extract, yerba mate, anti-proliferative activity, adenocarcinoma cell lines

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Jason Saleh, Ali, Leen Othman, Michel Elchoueiry, Rita Ghanem, Samer Bazzi, Marwan El-Sabban, and Roula M. Abdel-Massih. "Anti-proliferative activity of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) aqueous extracts on human colorectal cancer cell lines." Functional Foods in Health and Disease 11, no. 10 (October 5, 2021): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v11i10.828.

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Background: Yerba mate, a popular, tea-like beverage prepared from the dried leaves of Ilex paraguariensis, is widely consumed, and has several reported health benefits. Compared with other herbal teas, the effect of yerba mate on human cells in the context of cancer has not been extensively studied. The method of extraction of bioactive compounds from the yerba mate leaves plays an important role in its effect on cancer cells. Methods: In this study we assessed the viability, anti-proliferative, and apoptotic effect of the aqueous yerba mate extract, prepared using the same conditions employed for consumption, on different human colorectal cancer cell lines (Caco-2, HT-29, and HCT116) and on the non-tumorigenic human colon epithelial cell line (NCM460).Results: Cytotoxicity of aqueous yerba mate extract was studied and a dose-dependent decrease in viability was observed in all the tested cell lines. At 24 hrs., viability decreased to 19.7% with Caco-2 cells, 2.7% with HCT116, and 8.4% with HT-29 cells at a concentration of 4.8 mg/mL of yerba mate extract. The effect was less prominent on the NCM460 cell line where the viability of cells at the same concentration was 65.2%. Yerba mate extract also showed concentration-dependent anti-proliferative effects as determined by the WST-1 proliferation kit. IC50 values ranged between 0.22-0.69 mg/mL at 24 hr for cell lines tested. To study whether cell death was due to apoptosis, Caco-2 cells were stained with Annexin V-FITC assay and an increase in the percentage of late apoptotic Caco-2 cells was observed with yerba mate extract at 0.6-4.8 mg/mL. Cell cycle analysis using DNA content by flow cytometry showed an increase in the percentage of Caco-2 cells in the subG0/G1 phase and the G0/G1 phase after treatment with 2.4 mg/mL extract. Collectively, our data suggest that yerba mate aqueous extract exhibits an anti-proliferative effect on tested cell lines by inducing apoptosis. Conclusions: Yerba mate aqueous extract exhibits a strong anti-proliferative activity against adenocarcinoma cell lines studied and constitutes a promising functional food adjuvant to anti-cancer therapy. Further work is needed to identify active components and mechanisms of action. Keywords: Aqueous extract, yerba mate, anti-proliferative activity, adenocarcinoma cell lines

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Reber, Vera Blinn. "Commerce and Industry in Nineteenth Century Paraguay: The Example of Yerba Mate." Americas 42, no. 1 (July 1985): 29–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1006706.

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Yerba mate, a primitive forest industry, demonstrates the interaction of private and state enterprise in nineteenth century Paraguay. A low capital investment industry based upon utilizing seasonal and unskilled labor, yerba mate was financed, collected, and sold by the private entrepreneur and the state. Demand for yerba in both internal and external markets assured satisfactory profits for businessmen, above average wages for laborers, and necessary revenues for government. As a major export of Paraguay from the end of the seventeenth century until the War of the Triple Alliance, The Great War of 1864-1870, yerba mate provides insight into government regulations, taxation, price controls, and foreign trade policies. Because of the significance of yerba mate for the Paraguayan economy, the state was involved in both production and trade, although government interest primarily assured revenues rather than state control. A description of the organization of the yerba mate industry and an analysis of government policies supports revisionist studies that the governments of José Gaspar de Francia, 1811-1840, Carlos Antonio López, 1844-1862, and Francisco Solano López, 1862-1870 were pragmatic and rational rather than dictatorial and monopolistic.

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Silva, Murilo Hilário Mazza da, and Miroslava Rakocevic. "Software for interpolation of vegetative growth of yerba mate plants in 3D." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 45, no. 3 (March 2010): 244–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2010000300003.

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The objective of this work was to build mock-ups of complete yerba mate plants in several stages of development, using the InterpolMate software, and to compute photosynthesis on the interpolated structure. The mock-ups of yerba-mate were first built in the VPlants software for three growth stages. Male and female plants grown in two contrasting environments (monoculture and forest understory) were considered. To model the dynamic 3D architecture of yerba-mate plants during the biennial growth interval between two subsequent prunings, data sets of branch development collected in 38 dates were used. The estimated values obtained from the mock-ups, including leaf photosynthesis and sexual dimorphism, are very close to those observed in the field. However, this similarity was limited to reconstructions that included growth units from original data sets. The modeling of growth dynamics enables the estimation of photosynthesis for the entire yerba mate plant, which is not easily measurable in the field. The InterpolMate software is efficient for building yerba mate mock-ups.

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Alves, Luis Francisco Angeli, Claudecir Castilho Martins, Ana Paula Mamprim, and Marcos Botton. "Azadirachtin on Oligonychus yothersi in yerba mate Ilex paraguariensis." Ciência Rural 46, no. 10 (October 2016): 1777–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20151369.

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ABSTRACT: The red mite Oligonychus yothersi is one of the main pests of yerba mate in Brazil The damage this mite causes leads to leaf drop and decreased production. There are no registered acaricides for use in yerba mate; thus, laboratory and field experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of azadirachtin (Azamax(r), 250mL 100L-1) for the control of the red mite in yerba mate. In the laboratory, azadirachtin was applied to yerba mate leaf disks before (residual contact) and after (direct contact) infestation with 15 newly emerged red mite adult females. The effect of azadirachtin on mite behavior was evaluated in arenas with treated and untreated yerba mate leaves, and the number of mites in both areas was recorded. Ovicidal action was evaluated by applying azadirachtin to eggs and recording egg hatching. In the field, two applications of the product were performed (1L spray liquid plant-1) with a 7-day interval. The numbers of living mites were evaluated at 7, 14 and 21 days following the first application on randomly collected leaves. It was observed 86.6 and 91.4% of mortality following 24h of residual and direct contact, respectively. Repellent (62% of individuals leaving the treated area) and ovicidal (98.9% decrease in egg hatching) effects were also observed. The mite population in the yerba mate crop field had decreased by 59.6% at 14 days after the first application of azadirachtin. The results show the potential of azadirachtin for the control of O. yothersi in yerba mate in Brazil.

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Gonçalves, Itamar Luís, Nessana Dartora, Ana Cláudia Piovezan Borges, Ana Paula Picolo, Rogério Marcos Dallago, Lauro Mera de Souza, and Alice Teresa Valduga. "Accelerated maturation of processed yerba-mate under the controlled conditions of temperature and humidity." Nutrition & Food Science 45, no. 4 (July 13, 2015): 564–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-12-2014-0105.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper was to assess the changes in secondary metabolites and color during yerba-mate aging under controlled conditions. In Uruguay and Paraguay, the yerba-mate matured, in which chlorophyll degradation occurs, is preferred. For the matured product, the yerba-mate is stored for six months to one year. Design/methodology/approach – Processed yerba-mate was submitted to 35°C and 80 per cent humidity during 42 days in a climatic chamber. Samples were collected every seven days, and the phenolic compounds/methylxanthines were quantified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography – photodiode array and chlorophylls/phaeophytins by spectrophotometry. L*, a* and b* colorimetric coordinates were measured. Findings – The most expressive changes in the color occur in the first 14 days. At this time, 23.161 ± 2.984 per cent of total chlorophyll was degraded, considering that in 42 days, 37.458 ± 0.955 per cent is degraded, according to an exponential model. A positive correlation between theobromine amount and maturation time was found. This was verified by an increase in dicaffeoylquinic acid concentrations and small changes in chlorogenic acid isomers. Practical implications – The results indicate that this is a viable accelerated yerba-mate maturation process according to economics and nutraceutics. Originality/value – The paper has reported here a novel strategy to promote the yerba-mate maturation using controlled conditions.

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Celi, Pietro, and Herman W. Raadsma. "Effects of Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) supplementation on the productive performance of dairy cows during mid-lactation." Animal Production Science 50, no. 6 (2010): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an09170.

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Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis), a tea known for its high antioxidant content, was fed (250 g/cow.day) to 8 of 16 Holstein cows for 6 weeks to assess its effect on their performance. Cows were weighed and blood samples were taken on Weeks 0, 3 and 6. Blood samples were centrifuged and plasma was analysed for reactive oxygen metabolites, biological antioxidant potential, advanced oxidation protein products and non-esterified fatty acids. Cows were milked two times daily and milk yields were recorded daily for individual cows. On Weeks 0 and 6, individual milk samples were collected from two consecutive milkings, composited, and analysed for somatic cell counts, fat and true protein concentrations. Plasma concentrations of reactive oxygen metabolites, biological antioxidant potential and non-esterified fatty acids were not affected by Yerba Mate supplementation. Similarly, no effect of Yerba Mate supplementation was noted on milk fat and protein content and on somatic cell counts. This study indicates that supplementation of dairy cows’ diet with Yerba Mate during mid lactation seems to improve milk yield when cows are fed with maize silage; however, even if the effect on milk yield was significant it was quite small and needs to be validated with further studies. Cows’ oxidative status was not affected by Yerba Mate supplementation indicating that the effect of Yerba Mate on their productive performances is not mediated by changes in redox status.

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Alexandre Marcelo, Marcelo Caetano, Camila Alves Martins, Dirce Pozebon, and Marco Flôres Ferrão. "Methods of multivariate analysis of NIR reflectance spectra for classification of yerba mate." Anal. Methods 6, no. 19 (2014): 7621–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ay01350f.

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A methodology based on multivariate analysis of the NIR reflectance spectra was developed for yerba mate classification. All brands of yerba mate analyzed were correctly classified according to the country of origin.

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Conceição, E. P. S., A. R. Kaezer, N. Peixoto-Silva, I. Felzenszwalb, E. de Oliveira, E. G. Moura, and P. C. Lisboa. "Effects ofIlex paraguariensis(yerba mate) on the hypothalamic signalling of insulin and leptin and liver dysfunction in adult rats overfed during lactation." Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 8, no. 1 (September 9, 2016): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040174416000519.

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Ilex paraguariensis(yerba mate) has a beneficial effect in the management of obesity. Here, we studied the effects of yerba mate on hypothalamic changes in leptin and insulin signalling, oxidative stress and liver morphology and metabolism in postnatal early overfeeding (EO) Wistar rats. To induce EO, the litter size was reduced to three pups per dam, and litters with 10 pups per dam were used as a control (10 litters each). On postnatal day (PN) 150, EO offspring were subdivided into EO and EO+mate groups (10 animals each), which were treated with water or mate tea [1 g/kg body weight (BW)/day, by gavage], respectively, for 30 days. The C offspring received water. On PN180, yerba mate treatment prevented BW gain and reduced total body fat, visceral fat and food intake in comparison with the EO group. Leptin and insulin signalling in the hypothalamus measured by Western blotting was reduced only in the EO group. Yerba mate treatment had a greater impact on insulin signalling normalization. In the liver, yerba mate treatment normalized antioxidant enzyme activities and, consequently, decreased lipid peroxidation, determined by malondialdehyde content. In addition, the steatosis level and the liver triglyceride content were also restored. Thus, for the first time, yerba mate was demonstrated to increase antioxidant defences and improve liver metabolism in adult rats that were overfed during lactation, possibly through improvements in the hypothalamic action of insulin. These findings may be important for the treatment of obesity-related disorders.

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Tsuru, Vitor Hugo, Rodrigo José Gomes, José Renato Silva, Sandra Helena Prudencio, Giselle Nobre Costa, and Wilma Aparecida Spinosa. "Physicochemical, antioxidant and sensory properties of Kombucha beverages obtained from oolong or yerba mate tea fermentation." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 11 (August 24, 2021): e62101118790. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i11.18790.

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Kombucha is a non-alcoholic fermented beverage traditionally produced from a sugared tea that presents a sour and refreshing taste This work aimed to develop, characterize and evaluate the sensory acceptance of Kombucha beverages made from oolong, a traditionally tea used for Kombucha production, or yerba mate tea, which is very popular and easily found herb in Brazil. The characterization was related total soluble solids (TSS), sugars, pH, titratable acidity (TA), organic acids (OA), alcohol content (AC), phenolics (PHE), flavonoids (FL), antioxidant activity (AA), besides, the sensory acceptance by potential consumers. Total soluble solids decreased 8.3% in formulation with oolong and 7.0% in formulation with yerba mate tea. The pH ranged from 4.3 and 4.5 to 2.8 and 3.1 after 14 days, respectively. Titratable acidity reached 8.97 g.L-1 in oolong tea and 6.75 g.L-1 in yerba mate tea. Acetic acid was the highest organic acid identified and quantified at the end of fermentation time. Flavonoids decreased during fermentation in both samples, while reducing capacity did not differ throughout fermentation time. Regarding the antioxidant capacity, in the formulations with oolong and yerba mate, it presented higher inhibitory capacity of the ABTS radical of 90.22 and 68.75%, while the DPPH radical inibitory capacity was 89.74% in oolong and 86.72% in yerba mate. Kombucha formulated with yerba mate tea resulted in a sour and refreshing beverage, with higher global acceptance compared to oolong tea, both drinks exhibiting antioxidant potential in vitro.

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Mezzomo, Ricardo, Jéssica Mengue Rolim, Álvaro Figueredo dos Santos, Tales Poletto, Clair Walker, Caciara Gonzatto Maciel, and Marlove Fátima Brião Muniz. "Aggressiveness of Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani isolates to yerba-mate and production of extracellular enzymes." Summa Phytopathologica 45, no. 2 (April 2019): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-5405/198057.

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ABSTRACT The yerba-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) has great socioeconomic importance on family farming in Southerm Brazil. One of the main yerba-mate disease is root rotting, caused by Fusarium spp. Little is known about the pathogen physiology, especially regarding the aggressiveness associated with the production of extracellular enzymes. On this work, the aggressiveness of isolates of F. oxysporum and F. solani pathogenic to yerba-mate was evaluated and it was determined the activities of extracellular enzymes catalase, laccase, cellulase, caseinase, amylase, protease, lipase and pectinases produced by Fusarium spp. in culture medium. Six isolates of F. solani and one isolate of F. oxysporum pathogenic to yerba-mate were used. The F. oxysporum isolate proved to be less aggressive in relation to the other F. solani isolates. All isolates of Fusarium spp. produced, on a semiquantitative manner, the extracellular enzymes catalase, laccase, cellulase, caseinase, amylase, protease, lipase and pectinases (polygalacturonase and pectate lyase). However, the quantity produced for each enzyme was significantly different among the isolates. With the exception of the laccase and polygalacturonase enzymes, the M7C1 isolate showed the highest enzymatic index and was also responsible for the highest percentage of yerba-mate seedlings death.

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Montagnini, Florencia, Beatriz Eibl, and Sara R. Barth. "Yerba maté biologique : un système agroforestier en phase avec l'environnement et l'économie sociale et financière." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 308, no. 308 (June 1, 2011): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2011.308.a20475.

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Le commerce de la yerba maté, Ilex paraguariensis Saint-Hilaire, est un négoce lucratif en Argentine, au Paraguay et au Brésil. Ses feuilles sont consommées comme du thé avec un marché en croissance aux États-Unis, en Europe et en Asie, car elles contiennent des antioxydants, sont énergisantes et constituent ainsi une alternative au café. Environ 5% de la superficie de la province de Misiones en Argentine sont consacrés à la production de la yerba maté. Beaucoup de paysans n'atteignent pas les rendements escomptés faute de techniques appropriées. La yerba maté en culture organique (sans intrants agrochimiques) peut atteindre un prix plus élevé pour les coopératives qui en font un de leurs produits. Tradition nel lement gérée en monoculture, son exploitation peut entraîner l'érosion et l'épuisement des sols. Toutefois, la yerba maté pousse en forêt subtropicale et tolère l'ombrage ce qui permet de la cultiver dans des systèmes agroforestiers (SAF). Cette étude examine les SAF avec la yerba maté en culture organique à l'aide d'interviews semi-structurées auprès des paysans de la province de Misiones, y compris les fermes familiales, les grandes fermes, les compagnies privées et les réserves. Un grand nombre d'espèces naturelles poussant en association avec la yerba maté ont été identifiées. Le travail supplémentaire requis par les pratiques de la culture organique est compensé par un meilleur prix de vente. Les SAF, associant yerba mate et arbres, améliorent la fertilité des sols sans recourir aux fertilisants tout en procurant des revenus supplémentaires. Pour cette association l'étude recommande les espèces locales suivantes: Balfourodendron riedelianum, Cordia trichotoma, Nectandra lanceolata, Bastardiopsis densiflora, Cedrela fissillis, Jacaranda micrantha, Araucaria angustifolia, et Ocotea puberula, du fait de leur développement monopodial et de leur capacité d'auto-élagage; ainsi que Tabebuia heptaphylla, Enterolobium contortisiliquum, Peltophorum dubium, Parapiptadenia rigida et Anadenanthera macrocarpa avec une couronne plus large; toutes ont une bonne croissance et un bois de qualité. Il est aussi suggéré d'introduire d'autres espèces arborées, herbacées et arbustives de valeur fruitière, médicinale ou ornementale, diversifiant les produits fermiers. Finalement, cette agroforesterie associant yerba maté et espèces locales va promouvoir la diffusion de cette plante en culture organique et diversifier les revenus en Argentine et ailleurs. (Résumé d'auteur)

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Ortega Bueno, Alejandra, Margarita Isabel Ruiz Esparza, and Ricardo Ernesto Ramírez Orozco. "Efectos del té de yerba mate, reflejado en el tiempo obtenido en el trabajo del día (WOD) en deportistas que practican CrossFit." Investigación y Ciencia de la Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, no. 73 (January 31, 2018): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33064/iycuaa201873208.

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Actualmente el consumo de suplementos para mejorar el rendimiento ha aumentado sin considerar las consecuencias que ocasionan si no se toman apropiadamente. La yerba mate ha sido considerada una candidata contra enfermedades como la obesidad por sus múltiples efectos como: disminución en la diferenciación de adipocitos y triglicéridos, incremento de la tasa metabólica, función antioxidante y antiinflamatoria. Los beneficios en el deporte no han sido esclarecidos, por lo cual se consideró el estudio de los efectos del té de yerba mate en el rendimiento de deportistas que practican CrossFit habitualmente (n= 30). Treinta minutos antes de la prueba consumieron 300 ml de té de yerba mate, el rendimiento fue evaluado en términos de tiempo total de ejecución de rutina. Se observó un efecto positivo en el tiempo de rutina cuando el té de yerba mate fue ingerido (4:46 minutos vs. 4:12 minutos) p= 0.001.

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Kujawska, Monika. "Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) Beverage: Nutraceutical Ingredient or Conveyor for the Intake of Medicinal Plants? Evidence from Paraguayan Folk Medicine." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2018 (2018): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6849317.

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The use of medicinal plants mixed with yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) has been poorly studied in the ethnopharmacological literature so far. The Paraguayan Mestizo people have the longest tradition of using the yerba mate beverage, apart from the indigenous Guarani people. This study analyses the role of yerba mate and medicinal plants in the treatment of illnesses within Paraguayan folk medicine. The research was conducted among 100 Paraguayan migrants living in Misiones, Argentina, in 2014 and 2015. Yerba mate is not considered to be a medicinal plant by its own virtues but is culturally a very important type of medicinal plant intake. Ninety-seven species are employed in hot and cold versions of the yerba mate beverage. The most important species are as follows: Allophylus edulis (highest number of citations), Aristolochia triangularis (highest relative importance value), and Achyrocline flaccida and Achyrocline tomentosa (highest score by Index of Agreement on Species). The plants are used in the treatment of 18 medicinal categories, which include illnesses traditionally treated with plants: digestive system, humoral medicine, and relatively new health conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and high levels of cholesterol. Newly incorporated medicinal plants, such as Moringa oleifera, are ingested predominantly or exclusively with the mate beverage.

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Scipioni, Griselda Patricia, Darío Jorge Ferreyra, and Miguel Eduardo Schmalko. "Physicochemical characterization of different trademarks of compound Yerba Maté and their herbs." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 50, no. 4 (July 2007): 735–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132007000400020.

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The objectives of this study were to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of the main herbs used in the mixture of yerba maté with other aromatic herbs and the characterization of the trademarks of compound yerba maté. Moisture, water extract, total ash, acid-insoluble ash and caffeine concentration were determined. Results showed higher values of moisture content, total and aci-insoluble ash and lower water extracts in the herbs. Determinations were carried out in nine trademarks of compound yerba maté. In most cases they complied with the standards of the country with the exception of one trademark from Argentina.

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Piccolo, Gabriel Agustín, Adrián Enrique Andriulo, and Bruno Mary. "Changes in soil organic matter under different land management in misiones province (Argentina)." Scientia Agricola 65, no. 3 (2008): 290–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162008000300009.

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Highly weathered tropical soils rapidly loose soil organic matter (SOM) and may be affected by water erosion and soil compaction after deforestation and intensive cultivation. With the main objective to estimate the SOM balances in a subtropical soil we determined the dynamics of SOM in a degraded yerba mate (Ilex paraguaiensis Saint Hil.) plantation introduced after deforestation and with elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum L.) as a cover crop. The study site was in Misiones, Argentina, and we use the natural 13C abundance methodology and a descriptive model. The study was conducted on three contiguous 50 x 100 m plots of a typic Kandihumult soil with: (i) native forest, (ii) 50 years of continuous yerba mate monoculture with intensive tillage, and (iii) yerba mate associated with elephant grass as a cover crop and no tillage. We determined bulk density, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and 13C content of the soil (0 - 0.05, 0.05 - 0.15 m layers) and the grass biomass. Yerba mate monoculture reduced soil C and N content as well as porosity at 0 - 0.15 m depth by 43 and 23%, respectively, as compared to the native forest. After ten years of yerba mate - elephant grass association soil C and N contents at the same depth increased by 19 and 12%, respectively, compared to the yerba mate monoculture, while soil porosity remained similar. Total C input,13C, and soil organic C were incorporated into a three compartment model to evaluate elephant grass C dynamics. Through the natural 13C abundance methodology we tracked the elephant grass C incorporation and the "old" soil C loss, and determined the model parameters - humification (k1) and mineralization (k) coefficients and stable C (Cs)- unambiguously. The high k1 and k predicted by the model are probably explained by elephant grass root system incorporation under no tillage and humid subtropical climate, respectively. In soil under yerba mate monoculture, Cs was counted as 91% of the total soil organic C.

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Wolf, Rayan, and Matheus Wemerson Gomes Pereira. "Análise Econômica da Evolução Histórica da Erva-Mate em Mato Grosso do Sul." Revista em Agronegócio e Meio Ambiente 8, no. 1 (April 15, 2015): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17765/2176-9168.2015v8n1p57-78.

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O presente trabalho buscou analisar os motivos que levaram a erva-mate passar de um produto chave na economia do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul para um produto sem relevância do ponto de vista econômico para o estado, analisando o atual cenário da erva-mate. Objetivou-se especificamente analisar o atual cenário econômico da erva-mate no estado, mensurar as correlações entre a produção da erva-mate no Mato Grosso do Sul e outros estados e países, fazer a previsão para produções futuras, e como objetivo geral, identificar os motivos que levaram a erva-mate perder espaço na atual economia de Mato Grosso do Sul. As hipóteses são que a perda de importância econômica da erva-mate no estado ocorreu devido à concorrência com outras regiões produtoras, e com outras culturas a erva-mate possui um processo produtivo competitivo. Os resultados indicam que a erva-mate produzida no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul está perdendo espaço para outros estados e países e também para outras culturas, sendo que a produção de erva-mate possui uma tendência negativa. Economic Analysis of the Historical Evolution of the Yerba Mate Plant in Mato Grosso do Sul ABSTRACT: Current investigation deals with the motives underlying the fact that the yerba-mate plant in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, passed from a key economical product to a non-relevant one within the economical perspective of the state. Current economic situation of yerba mate is investigated and the corelationships between yerba-mate production in Mato Grosso do Sul and in other Brazilian states and in other countries are assessed, with future perspectives. Further, the reasons why yerba mate is currently less important for the state´s economy are investigated. Loss of importance was due to competition with other producing regions and with other cash crops within a competitive market economy. Results show that the yerba mate produced in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul is less competitive and its production tends to be negative. KEYWORDS: Yerba Mate; Mato Grosso do Sul; Production

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Valduga, Alice Teresa, Itamar Luís Gonçalves, Nessana Dartora, Albanin Aparecida Mielniczki-Pereira, and Lauro Mera de Souza. "Phytochemical profile of morphologically selected yerba-mate progenies." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 40, no. 1 (February 2016): 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542016000100011.

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ABSTRACT Yerba-mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil) is a native South American species. Plant progenies are populations that differ in terms of their productivity, morphology and phytochemical profile. This study aimed to determine the concentration of primary and secondary metabolites, such as antioxidants, in leaves, of yerba-mate progenies selected based on morphological characteristics. We evaluated the centesimal composition of secondary metabolites in the leaves of five yerba-mate plants. Methylxanthines and phenolic compounds were determined by UPLC-PDA, and antioxidant activity by measuring DPPH scavenging. Significant differences were found in centesimal composition and the contents of caffeine, theobromine, rutin and chlorogenic acid, as well as antioxidant activities, in selected progenies. The IC50 values were correlated with the chlorogenic acid levels ( r2 = 0.5242) and soluble content ( r2 = 0.7686). The morphological characteristics observed in yerba-mate leaves can be used as a tool for plant selection, to obtain matrices with different phytochemical profiles as a genetic material source.

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Lopez, Ana Clara, Adriana E. Alvarenga, Pedro D. Zapata, María F. Luna, and Laura L. Villalba. "Aislamiento e identificación de hongos asociados a Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil." Revista de Ciencia y Tecnología, no. 33 (June 25, 2020): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36995/j.recyt.2020.33.003.

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El cultivo de Ilex paraguariensis es importante en el norte de Argentina, principalmente en la provincia de Misiones. En los últimos años se ha observado la presencia de diferentes síntomas de enfermedades causadas por hongos de los cuales no se conoce agente causal, epidemiología y daño económico. En este estudio, se aislaron hongos de hojas de yerba mate que presentaban síntomas visibles de lesiones foliares. Cinco aislados (Alternaria, Colletotrichum, Phoma y Pilidium) fueron seleccionados por sus características micro y macromorfológicas. Estos hongos fueron identificados utilizando un microscopio óptico y claves morfológicas. Se realizaron ensayos de patogenicidad en hojas y en plantas de un año de yerba mate. Los resultados mostraron que Colletotrichum sp. LBM 183 y Phoma sp. LBM 207 son patógenos de hoja de yerba mate capaces de desarrollarse en el tejido. Mientras que Alternaria sp. LBM 186 y Pilidium sp. LBM 208 fueron capaces de enfermar la planta ingresando por la raíz de yerba mate.

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Prestes, Sarah Lemos Cogo, Fabio Rodrigo Thewes, Cláudia Kaehler Sautter, and Auri Brackmann. "Storage of yerba maté in controlled atmosphere." Ciência Rural 44, no. 4 (April 2014): 740–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782014000400028.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of controlled atmosphere in the change of color, chlorophyll degradation and phenolic compounds concentration in yerba maté thickly ground (“cancheada”) and thinly milled (“socada”). Yerba maté samples from the towns of Arvorezinha (RS - Brazil) and São Mateus do Sul (PR - Brazil) were stored in four levels of oxygen (1, 3, 6 and 20.9kPa of O2) and four levels of carbon dioxide (0, 3, 6 and 18kPa of CO2) and then were analyzed, after nine months of storage. According to the results, the O2 partial pressure reduction decreased the loss of green coloration, kept a higher content of chlorophylls and of total phenolic compounds. In relation to the different levels of CO2, a response as remarkable as O2 was not observed. The yerba maté that was thickly ground (“cancheada”) presented a better storage potential than the one thinly milled (“socada”) in the storage with O2 and with CO2. The 1kPa of O2 condition kept the yerba maté greener and with a higher content of chlorophylls and of total phenolic compounds after nine months of storage. The CO2 partial pressure kept the yerba maté coloration greener and with a higher content of chlorophylls and of total phenolic compounds, regardless of the level used, in the maté from both cultivation areas.

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Heimann, Jaqueline De Paula, Marco Antonio Dias Machado, Vitor Afonso Hoeflich, João Carlos Garzel Leodoro da Silva, Thiago Rodrigues De Paula, and Francisco Costa Junior. "PRICE BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS OF BRAZILIAN YERBA MATE EXPORTED TO URUGUAY BETWEEN 1997 AND 2018." FLORESTA 51, no. 3 (June 22, 2021): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v51i3.65306.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate price seasonality of the Brazilian Yerba mate exported to the Uruguayan market, serving as a basis for decision-making to the producers. For this purpose, we collected data on Brazilian yerba mate exports to Uruguay, available in the ALICE-WEB System, which, after deflation, were used to determine the Seasonal Index for different periods between 1997 and 2018 The results showed that the market for yerba mate does not present regular historical cycles, the prices of the Brazilian product in the Uruguayan market suffer constant falls and increases. Nevertheless, it is possible to observe a long-term trend of increasing the real price of the product at an average rate of 0.33% per month. It is possible to conclude that the price of Brazilian yerba mate in the Uruguayan market was in the ascendancy until the beginning of 2015, when the Uruguayan Justice instituted an investigation to investigate the presence of cadmium and lead at levels above the allowed ones in the Brazilian product. At the end of the study period, there was a slight tendency to recover prices, however, only new studies will be able to verify if the price of Brazilian yerba on the Uruguayan market will reach levels similar to those registered before the judicial embargo.Keywords: international trade; seasonality; competitiveness.

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Gallero, María Cecilia. "Cambios y permanencias en la producción de yerba mate: Un estudio desde la historia ambiental en Misiones (Argentina)." Historia Ambiental Latinoamericana y Caribeña (HALAC) revista de la Solcha 9, no. 1 (June 22, 2019): 223–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32991/2237-2717.2019v9i1.p223-257.

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La yerba mate es una de las producciones más representativas de la economía de la Provincia de Misiones, Argentina. Por largo tiempo extraída de los yerbales naturales, fue explotada sin mayores efectos en la selva que la cobijaba hasta fines del siglo XIX. Sin embargo, esta situación cambió cuando comenzó a explotarse comercialmente, y de manera radical cuando pasó a cultivarse. Este artículo tiene como objetivo mostrar la transformación que sufrió el medioambiente de Misiones a partir de la implementación de los yerbales cultivados a principios del siglo XX. Para ello, se ha tomado como estudio de caso la Cooperativa de “Productores de Yerba Mate de Santo Pipó S.C.L.”, pues además de ser la primera cooperativa especializada, fue fundada por suizos que migraron con el fin de dedicarse al cultivo de la yerba mate. Estudiar la producción de la yerba mate a través del prisma de la historia ambiental permite explicar el impacto provocado por los seres humanos en el territorio misionero. En este sentido, la llegada de inmigrantes suizos tuvo especial repercusión en la mudanza de una economía extractiva a una productiva, pues contribuyeron a arraigarla como cultivo intensivo y explican la razón por la cual, la Argentina sea el principal productor mundial de yerba mate, seguido por Brasil y Paraguay. El eje vertebral de esta propuesta será organizado en tres partes: una primera da cuenta de los antecedentes de la yerba, haciendo énfasis en las características de la economía extractiva; una segunda analiza y describe la llegada de profesionales que inician la producción del “oro verde” a gran escala, y en la última se exploran los cambios generados por la implantación de los yerbales cultivados.

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Lewinski, Cleomara Salete, Itamar Luís Gonçalves, Ana Cláudia Piovezan Borges, Nessana Dartora, Lauro Mera de Souza, and Alice Teresa Valduga. "Effects of UV light on the physic-chemical properties of yerba-mate." Nutrition & Food Science 45, no. 2 (March 9, 2015): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-07-2014-0065.

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Purpose – The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effects of ultraviolet (UV) light on the color, secondary metabolites and sensory acceptance of processed yerba-mate. Design/methodology/approach – Samples were exposed to UV light for 72 hours. The colorimetric coordinates (L*, a* and b*) were analyzed every 6 hours, while secondary metabolites and sensory acceptance were assessed at the beginning and at the end of the experiment. Methylxanthines and phenolic compounds were quantified by ultra performance liquid chromatography photodiode array detectors and vegetable pigments by UV/visible spectrophotometry. Findings – Decreases in methylxanthines, rutin and isomers of chlorogenic acids were found, along with an increase in isomers of dicaffeoylquinic acids. The product showed less sensory acceptance compared to the control. These results show that UV light treatment of yerba-mate accelerates the maturation process. Practical implications – UV light can be used in yerba-mate maturation with a reduction time and can ensure microbiological safety with small changes in its phytochemical profile. Originality/value – This paper is the first report of a novel strategy to investigate the yerba-mate maturation using UV light.

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Cruz, M. J. Santa, L. V. Garitta, and G. Hough. "Note: Relationships of Consumer Acceptability and Sensory Attributes of Yerba Mate (Ilex Paraguariensis St. Hilarie) using Preference Mapping." Food Science and Technology International 9, no. 5 (October 2003): 347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013203038376.

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A sensory profile and acceptability test of nine commercial brands of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hilarie) were carried out. The descriptors used by a trained sensory panel that best separated brands were: stick and leaf size, stick and leaf size uniformity, quantity ofsticks and quantity of dust, included in the appearance of the dry yerba; sediment, turbidity and brown colour that corresponded to appearance of the infusion; and initial impact, acid, humid, smoke, paper, chemical, green, toasted and residual, for aroma and flavour. A total of 106 consumers (half men, half women) tested overall acceptance of the 9 brands in a home location test. Average overall acceptance scores for the 9 samples ranged from 42 to 63 on a 0–100 non-structured scale with an LSD of 8. Gender did not influence consumer acceptability forthe different yerba mate brands. Based on overall acceptance consumers were clustered into five groups. Extended internal preference mapping showed the descriptors of yerba mate that drovethe preference of some of the consumers clusters. Both appearance and aroma/flavour descriptors were correlated to preference dimensions.

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Sánchez Boado, Lucila, Raquel María Fretes, and Luis Alberto Brumovsky. "Effects of Ilex Paraguariensis Polyphenols on Magnesium Absortion and Iron Bioavailability: Preliminary Study." Journal of Food Research 7, no. 2 (March 12, 2018): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v7n2p114.

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Yerba maté (Ilex paraguariensis) is a native plant of South America widely consumed as hot infusion. It is a vegetable that has many bioactive compounds, such as caffeine, theobromine theophylline and saponins, phenolic compounds, mainly chlorogenic acids and dicaffeoylquinic acids, and minerals as Fe, Ca, K y Mg, which have many beneficial properties for the health. Polyphenols have the property of chelating the transition metals, as iron and magnesium, decreasing their bioavailability. Iron deficiency anaemia and subclinical hypomagnesemia is observed in the American population. Women at childbearing age belong to a specially vulnerable group. The aim of this work was to evaluate the "in vivo" effect of the polyphenols from yerba maté infusions, consumed in their traditional form, on the bioavailability of Fe and Mg in the diet. Eleven healhty young female volunteers participated in the magnesium and iron study. After the first blood sample was taken (time 0), the volunteers ingested 300 mL of yerba maté infusions, ferrous sulfate or yerba maté infusions plus ferrous sulfate at50 °C in no more than 5 minutes. They remained seated at a comfortable temperature throughout the study. Blood samples were taken 20, 40, 50, 60, 80, 100 and 120 minutes after ingestion.The yerba maté infusions prepared in their traditional form of “hot maté”, which containining an average of 4.68 ± 0.54 GAE/L of polyphenols, have an inhibitory effect on the bioavailability of the magnesium and mainly on non-heminic Fe consumed as ferrous sulphate of the 76 ± 10 % .

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Journal articles on the topic 'Yerma'

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