Relevant bibliographies by topics / Yersinia pestis – Madagascar

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Academic literature on the topic 'Yersinia pestis – Madagascar'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Yersinia pestis – Madagascar"

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Vogler, Amy J., Fabien Chan, David M. Wagner, Philippe Roumagnac, Judy Lee, Roxanne Nera, Mark Eppinger, et al. "Phylogeography and Molecular Epidemiology of Yersinia pestis in Madagascar." PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 5, no. 9 (September 13, 2011): e1319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001319.

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Titball, Richard W. "Plague: A natural history of Yersinia pestis." Biochemist 26, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio02602011.

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Yersinia pestis is the aetiological agent of plague, a disease that has a place in history as one the major causes of death from the 14th to the 17th Centuries1. It is estimated that, during the Black Death pandemic, approximately 30% of the population of Europe died of plague, and so great in number were the corpses that, in many parts of Europe, the dead were placed in burial pits rather than receiving individual burials. Y. pestis has also been responsible for two other pandemics of disease. The first of these, the Justinian plague, occurred during the 1st Century. The third pandemic occurred during the latter part of the 19th Century and was confined mainly to South-East Asia1. Even today, several thousand cases of plague are reported to the World Health Organization each year, mainly from South-East Asia, the southwestern parts of the USA, Madagascar and Africa.
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Guiyoule, A., B. Rasoamanana, C. Buchrieser, P. Michel, S. Chanteau, and E. Carniel. "Recent emergence of new variants of Yersinia pestis in Madagascar." Journal of clinical microbiology 35, no. 11 (1997): 2826–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.35.11.2826-2833.1997.

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Riehm, Julia M., Michaela Projahn, Amy J. Vogler, Minoaerisoa Rajerison, Genevieve Andersen, Carina M. Hall, Thomas Zimmermann, et al. "Diverse Genotypes of Yersinia pestis Caused Plague in Madagascar in 2007." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 9, no. 6 (June 12, 2015): e0003844. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003844.

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Alderson, Jennifer, Max Quastel, Emily Wilson, and Duncan Bellamy. "Factors influencing the re-emergence of plague in Madagascar." Emerging Topics in Life Sciences 4, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 423–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/etls20200334.

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Plague is an infectious disease found worldwide and has been responsible for pandemics throughout history. Yersinia pestis, the causative bacterium, survives in rodent hosts with flea vectors that also transmit it to humans. It has been endemic in Madagascar for a century but the 1990s saw major outbreaks and in 2006 the WHO described the plague as re-emerging in Madagascar and the world. This review highlights the variety of factors leading to plague re-emergence in Madagascar, including climate events, insecticide resistance, and host and human behaviour. It also addresses areas of concern for future epidemics and ways to mitigate these. Pinpointing and addressing current and future drivers of plague re-emergence in Madagascar will be essential to controlling future outbreaks both in Madagascar and worldwide.
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Rahalison, L., E. Vololonirina, M. Ratsitorahina, and S. Chanteau. "Diagnosis of Bubonic Plague by PCR in Madagascar under Field Conditions." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38, no. 1 (January 2000): 260–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.38.1.260-263.2000.

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ABSTRACT The diagnostic value of a PCR assay that amplifies a 501-bp fragment of the Yersinia pestis caf1 gene has been determined in a reference laboratory with 218 bubo aspirates collected from patients with clinically suspected plague managed in a regional hospital in Madagascar. The culture of Y. pestis and the detection of the F1 antigen (Ag) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used as reference diagnostic methods. The sensitivity of PCR was 89% (57 of 64) for the Y. pestis -positive patients, and 80.7% (63 of 78) for the F1 Ag-positive patients. The specificity of PCR for the culture-, F1 Ag-, and antibody-negative patients ( n = 105) was 100%. Because in Madagascar most patients with plague are managed and their clinical samples are collected in remote villages, the usefulness of PCR was evaluated for routine diagnostic use in the operational conditions of the control program. The sensitivity of PCR was 50% (25 of 50) relative to the results of culture and 35.2% (19 of 54) relative to the results of the F1 Ag immunocapture ELISA. The specificity of PCR under these conditions was 96%. In conclusion, the PCR method was found to be very specific but not as sensitive as culture or the F1 Ag detection method. The limitation in sensitivity may have been due to suboptimal field conditions and the small volumes of samples used for DNA extraction. This technique is not recommended as a routine diagnostic test for plague in Madagascar.
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Harimalala, Mireille, Soanandrasana Rahelinirina, and Romain Girod. "Presence of the Oriental Rat Flea (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) Infesting an Endemic Mammal and Confirmed Plague Circulation in a Forest Area of Madagascar." Journal of Medical Entomology 57, no. 4 (February 26, 2020): 1318–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaa026.

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Abstract The Oriental rat flea, Xenopsylla cheopis (Rothschild 1903), is a cosmopolitan flea usually found infesting domestic rats. This flea is a well-known major human plague vector in Madagascar. As part of field sampling, fleas and small mammals were collected in the village of South Andranofeno and the natural reserve of Sohisika, two sites of the district of Ankazobe, located in the Central Highlands of Madagascar. Rats inside houses and forest small mammals were trapped using Besancon Technical Services and pitfall traps, respectively. Their fleas were collected and preserved for laboratory works. Collected fleas from the village and forest belonged to five species, which were X. cheopis, Synopsyllus fonquerniei (Wagner and Roubaud 1932) (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae), Echidnophaga gallinacea (Westwood 1875) (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae), Ctenocephalides felisstrongylus (Jordan 1925) (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae), Pulex irritans (Linnaeus 1758) (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae). After sampling in the forest zone, one specimen of X. cheopis was unexpectedly collected while infesting an endemic tenrec Setifer setosus (Schreber 1777) (Afrosoricida: Tenrecidae). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnosis on all collected fleas allowed detecting plague bacterium Yersinia pestis (Lehmann and Neumann 1896) (Enterobacterales: Yersiniaceae) on nine specimens of the endemic flea S. fonquerniei collected inside forest. The presence of the oriental rat flea in forest highlights the connection between human and wild environments due to animal movements and the fact that the rat flea can infest various hosts. As only one specimen of X. cheopis was collected on S. setosus, we hypothesize that flea was carried from the village to forest. Yersinia pestis infection of forest fleas outlines plague circulation in this sylvatic area.
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Vogler, Amy J., Voahangy Andrianaivoarimanana, Sandra Telfer, Carina M. Hall, Jason W. Sahl, Crystal M. Hepp, Heather Centner, et al. "Temporal phylogeography of Yersinia pestis in Madagascar: Insights into the long-term maintenance of plague." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 11, no. 9 (September 5, 2017): e0005887. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005887.

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Tollenaere, C., L. Rahalison, M. Ranjalahy, J. M. Duplantier, S. Rahelinirina, S. Telfer, and C. Brouat. "Susceptibility to Yersinia pestis Experimental Infection in Wild Rattus rattus, Reservoir of Plague in Madagascar." EcoHealth 7, no. 2 (May 5, 2010): 242–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10393-010-0312-3.

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Urich, Sandra K., Linda Chalcraft, Martin E. Schriefer, Brook M. Yockey, and Jeannine M. Petersen. "Lack of Antimicrobial Resistance in Yersinia pestis Isolates from 17 Countries in the Americas, Africa, and Asia." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 56, no. 1 (October 24, 2011): 555–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.05043-11.

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ABSTRACTYersinia pestisis the causative agent of plague, a fulminant disease that is often fatal without antimicrobial treatment. Plasmid (IncA/C)-mediated multidrug resistance inY. pestiswas reported in 1995 in Madagascar and has generated considerable public health concern, most recently because of the identification of IncA/C multidrug-resistant plasmids in other zoonotic pathogens. Here, we demonstrate no resistance in 392Y. pestisisolates from 17 countries to eight antimicrobials used for treatment or prophylaxis of plague.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Yersinia pestis – Madagascar"

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Andrianaivoarimanana, Voahangy Michèle. "Réponse immunitaire de Rattus rattus contre Yersinia pestis : implication dans la stabilisation des foyers pesteux à Madagascar." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VERS0022.

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La persistance de la peste à Madagascar est mal élucidée. Rattus rattus est le principal réservoir. L’objectif de cette étude est de décrire sa réponse immunitaire à l’infection et son rôle dans la persistance de la maladie. Des rats sains de terrain et d’élevage (F1) ont été inoculés avec Yersinia pestis pour suivre leur survie et l’apparition de l’immunité. Pour les rats de zone d’endémie pesteuse, une résistance naturelle est décrite et transmissible à la descendance. L’analyse du transcriptome des PBMC à J5 post-infection montre une activation différentielle des voies de l’inflammation et de l’apoptose selon l’origine géographique du rat qui pourrait expliquer cette résistance. De même l’inoculation de très faibles doses de bactéries induit une réponse immunitaire rapide qui augmente la survie des rats et les protège d’une réinfection ultérieure. La résistance du rat noir à la peste présente ainsi à la fois une base génétique et immunologique et permet la persistance de la maladie
The reasons for plague persistence in Madagascar remain unclear. Rattus rattus is the main reservoir. The aim of this work is to describe the immune response to infection and its role in the persistence of the disease. Healthy field and bred (F1) rats were inoculated with Yersinia pestis to follow-up their survival and the occurrence of immunity. Natural resistance in rats from plague focus is described and is transmitted to offspring. Transcriptome analysis of PBMC at day5 post-infection showed a differential activation of inflammatory pathways and apoptosis according to the geographical origin of the rat that may explain this resistance. Similarly, the inoculation of very low doses of bacteria induced a rapid immune response that increases the survival of rats and protects against subsequent reinfection. Plague resistance in black rats has both a genetic and immunological basis and allows the persistence of the disease
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Laperrière, Vincent. "Apport de la modélisation individu-centrée spatialement explicite à la compréhension de L'expression d'une maladie transmissible : la peste bubonique à Madagascar." Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00445563.

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La peste est une maladie qui n'a jamais disparu et réémerge même dans certains pays, dont Madagascar. Les recherches consacrées à sa forme bubonique se sont d'abord concentrées sur l'identification des agents hôtes et vecteurs, rongeurs et puces, impliqués dans le cycle épidémiologique, de leur dépendance à l'égard des facteurs environnementaux et des processus de transmission du bacille. Ces facteurs et mécanismes opérant au niveau individuel sont désormais mieux connus, grâce aux acquis des études observationnelles et expérimentales. Un enjeu actuel des recherches concerne l'analyse des processus endémo-épidémiques d'expression de la peste, dans les populations d'hôtes et de vecteurs. Dans ce sens, les modèles mathématiques compartimentaux traditionnels échouent à prendre en compte l'effet, potentiellement décisif sur le devenir de l'infection, du caractère localisé et contingent de la transmission, lié à la distribution hétérogène et changeante des puces et rongeurs. Il est donc important de considérer l'hétérogénéité individuelle et le contexte géographique dans lequel la maladie se développe pour préciser le risque épidémiologique au niveau local et chercher à éviter les cas humains. L'objet de notre recherche est de montrer l'apport d'une démarche de modélisation individu-centrée s'inscrivant dans le paradigme de la complexité, intégrant les connaissances au niveau individuel et fondée sur un formalisme multi-agents, pour étudier localement les processus endémo-épidémiques de la peste bubonique. Le modèle, appliqué au foyer malgache, nous permet d'évaluer l'effet de l'abondance et de la distribution des rats et des puces sur le devenir de l'infection.
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Book chapters on the topic "Yersinia pestis – Madagascar"

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Prentice, Michael B. "Plague: Yersinia pestis." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, 772–75. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199204854.003.070616_update_001.

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Bubonic plague is a flea-borne zoonosis caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Yersinia pestis, which mainly affects small burrowing mammals including domestic rats. Human disease occurs in endemic countries—currently mainly in Africa (including Madagascar)—following bites from fleas recently hosted by a bacteraemic animal. Historical use of ...
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Prentice, Michael. "Plague: Yersinia pestis." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, edited by Christopher P. Conlon, 1081–85. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0121.

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Bubonic plague is a flea-borne zoonosis caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Yersinia pestis, which mainly affects small burrowing mammals including domestic rats. Human disease occurs in endemic countries—currently mainly in Africa (including Madagascar)—following bites from fleas recently hosted by a bacteraemic animal. Historical use of Y. pestis as a biological warfare agent has raised fears of its future use in bioterrorism. The commonest presentation is acute painful lymphadenitis (80–95% of suspected cases), with sudden onset of fever, chills, weakness, headache, and development of an intensely painful swollen lymph node (bubo). Primary septicaemia with no bubo occurs in 10% of cases. Spread to the lungs occurs in less than 10% of cases, resulting in pneumonia which can result in onward respiratory transmission by droplet infection. Overall mortality without treatment is 50–90%.
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"Résistance aux antibiotiques de Yersinia pestis." In Atlas de la peste à Madagascar, 80–81. IRD Éditions, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.irdeditions.6617.

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