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1
1963-, Lotus Michael J., ed. America 3.0: Rebooting American prosperity in the 21st century : why America's greatest days are yet to come. Encounter Books, 2013.
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Taste of Home Christmas 2E: 350 Recipes, Crafts, and Ideas for Your Most Magical Holiday Yet! Reader's Digest Association, Incorporated, The, 2018.
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Sterk, Andrea. Renouncing the World yet Leading the Church. Harvard University Press, 2009.
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Harvey, Peter. The Buddhist Just Society. Edited by Daniel Cozort and James Mark Shields. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198746140.013.15.
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Buddhism posits a basic equality of sentient beings as faced with suffering and in need of liberation. It also regards humans in particular as having a precious kind of rebirth with great potential for liberation in spite of their different karmic backgrounds. Respect for others is seen in the reflection, ‘For a state that is not pleasing or delightful to me, how could I inflict that on another?’ (SN V.353–354; Harvey 2000: 33–34). This is given as a reason for not inflicting wrong action or wrong speech on others. This chapter discusses Buddhist ideals on good social relationships and the good governance of society, in which a government should seek to prevent poverty, punish crime in a way that is reform-orientated and compassionate yet effective, and sets an ethical example. It includes a discussion of attitudes to capital punishment, democracy, and the extent to which the law should encode ethics.
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Friedberg, Nila. Decoding the 1920s: A Reader for Advanced Learners in Russian. Portland State University Library, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/pdxopen-30.
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The materials presented in this book were developed for an advanced-level content-based Russian language course at Portland State University entitled “Russian Literature of the Twentieth Century: The 1920s.” Literature of this period is a major part of the Russian canon, but is notoriously difficult for learners of Russian to read in the original, due both to its stylistic complexity and the relative obscurity of its historical, political, and cultural references. And yet, this decade is crucial for understanding Russia – not only in the Soviet period, but also today. This was the period, when Mikhail Zoshchenko, Isaak Babel, Mikhail Bulgakov, and Andrei Platonov meticulously documented the birth of the “New Soviet Man,” his “newspeak” and Soviet bureaucratese; when Alexandra Kollontai, a Marxist revolutionary and a diplomat, wrote essays and fiction on the “New Soviet Woman”; when numerous satirical works were created; when Babel experimented with a literary representation of dialects (e.g.,Odessa Russian or Jewish Russian). These varieties of language have not disappeared. Bureaucrats still use some form of bureaucratese. Numerous contemporary TV shows imitate the dialects that Babel described. Moreover, Bulgakov’s “Heart of a Dog” gave rise, due largely to its film adaptation, to catch-phrases that still appear throughout contemporary Russian media, satirical contexts, and everyday conversation. Thus, the Russian literature of the 1920s does not belong exclusively to the past, but has relevance and interpretive power for the present, and language learners who wish to pursue a career in humanities, media analysis, analytical translation, journalism, or international relations must understand this period and the linguistic patterns it established.
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Renouncing the World Yet Leading the Church: The Monk-Bishop in Late Antiquity. Harvard University Press, 2004.
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K, Vivek Reddy. Part VII Rights—Substance and Content, Ch.51 Minority Educational Institutions. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198704898.003.0051.
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This chapter examines the right of religious and linguistic minorities to ‘establish and administer educational institutions of their choice’ as embodied in the Indian Constitution. Before discussing India’s constitutional experience with minority educational institutions, it considers the reasons that fuel the debate over the right of educational institutions under Article 30(1), including the Indian Supreme Court’s failure to provide an appropriate constitutional framework for the protection of such right. It explores whether, under Article 30, the right to establish and administer educational institutions is exclusive to religious and linguistic minorities or can be extended to other communities. It argues that the constitutional promise of Article 30(1) is yet to be fully understood and fulfilled.
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Howgego, Christopher, Volker Heuchert, and Andrew Burnett, eds. Coinage and Identity in the Roman Provinces. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199265268.001.0001.
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Coins were the most deliberate of all symbols of public communal identities, yet the Roman historian will look in vain for any good introduction to, or systematic treatment of, the subject. Sixteen leading international scholars have sought to address this need by producing this authoritative collection of essays, which ranges over the whole Roman world from Britain to Egypt, from 200 BC to AD 300. The subject is approached through surveys of the broad geographical and chronological structure of the evidence, through chapters which focus on ways of expressing identity, and through regional studies which place the numismatic evidence in local context.
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Dragun, Duska, and Björn Hegner. Acute kidney injury in pregnancy. Edited by Norbert Lameire. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0250_update_001.
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Any kind of acute renal deterioration that occurs in young women may, besides typical pregnancy-related disorders, account for pregnancy-related acute kidney injury (PR-AKI). Incidence of PR-AKI is continuously decreasing, yet still represents a significant cause of fetomaternal morbidity and mortality. Hyperemesis gravidarum causing volume depletion and septic shock with renal cortical necrosis upon septic abortion are major causes of PR-AKI during early pregnancy. Pre-eclampsia and bleeding complications associated with placental abruption or other causes of obstetric haemorrhage are responsible for the majority of cases during late pregnancy (after week 35) and puerperium. Haemolytic uraemic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura disorders are less common than pre-eclampsia, yet represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge due to similar features to severe pre-eclampsia cases.
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Marini, Carla, and Renzo Guerrini. Biological Basis of Primary Generalized Epilepsies—Genetics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0036.
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Primary generalized epilepsies account for 30% of all epilepsies. These age-related epilepsies without structural brain lesions and normal development have a high heritability. Based on the main seizure type and their age of onset, four main subsyndromes are recognized. Rare autosomal dominant families carry mutations in a few genes involved in ion channel functions, whereas common genes are yet to be discovered. The complex inheritance involving multiple genes is the major limiting factor preventing to uncover their genetic architecture. Understanding genetic determinants is the key to unraveling the neurobiology and to improve therapies for these disorders.
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Raine, Tim, James Dawson, Stephan Sanders, and Simon Eccles. Prescribing. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199683819.003.0004.
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Prescribing – general considerationsHow to prescribe – best practiceDrug interactionsReporting adverse drug reactionsSpecial considerationsControlled drugsEnzyme inducers and inhibitorsEndocarditis prophylaxisNight sedationSteroid therapyTopical corticosteroidsEmpirical antibiotic treatmentClostridium difficile (C. diff)Prescribing medicines is rarely taught well in medical school, yet it is one of the first tasks you’ll be asked to do on day one. Even the most experienced of doctors will only know by heart the dose and frequency of a maximum of 30–40 drugs, so do not worry if you cannot even remember the dose of paracetamol; for adults it’s 1g/4–6h PO max 4g/24h in divided doses (...
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Fitzpatrick, Kevin M., and Matthew L. Spialek. Hurricane Harvey's Aftermath. NYU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479800735.001.0001.
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Early June begins the Southern Hemisphere hurricane season. Stretching into November, it can often be a time of weary waiting and cautious optimism for coastal residents. Clear skies and calm seas can quickly give way to disaster. On August 27, 2017, a Category 4 hurricane (Harvey), targeting the Texas Gulf Coast and packing winds of over 130 miles per hour, wreaked havoc and created a path of destruction with bands of rain that seemingly went on forever. Lives were lost, neighborhoods devastated, resiliency cracked; yet people continued helping each other, and the recovery process began. Fitzpatrick and Spialek tell a complicated story of heartache, destruction, resiliency, recovery, and hope. Through over 300 interviews from Hurricane Harvey survivors living along the Texas Gulf Coast, their stories tell an all-too-familiar tale. Interviewing survivors with diverse displacement experiences, the authors create a narrative around who, what, where, and why residents sought refuge in shelters, hotels, and other alternative locations. Some residents have since moved back. Others have been rebuilding for months and even years. And there are some residents who will never return home. Their stories, circumstances, and insight into the recovery processes are all very different, yet intimately tied together through an understanding of how race and place come to define their experiences. This book tells survivors’ stories while emphasizing that who those survivors were and where they lived had a major impact on these tales of destruction, resiliency, and recovery.
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Schreuder, Michiel F. Pelviureteric junction obstruction and megaureter in children. Edited by Adrian Woolf. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0353.
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Two main sites of urine flow obstruction in the upper urinary tract are located at the pelviureteric and vesicoureteric junctions, both of which result in urinary tract dilatation. With current antenatal ultrasound screening, most patients are identified before birth, and 10–30% of infants with antenatal hydronephrosis are found to have pelviureteric junction obstruction, and 5–10% vesicoureteric junction obstruction/megaureter. In addition, a megaureter can also be based on urine reflux, even in combination with obstruction, or be a non-refluxing non-obstructed megaureter. In case of obstruction, surgery may be indicated, but identifying cases that need to be operated on is challenging and no good marker to assist in this differentiation is available yet.
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Shorter, Edward, and Max Fink. The Madness of Fear. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190881191.001.0001.
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This is the first history of the psychiatric illness called catatonia, virtually forgotten by medicine yet often present in severely ill patients. The main symptoms of catatonia affect movement and thought, including staring, stupor, mutism, food refusal, negativism, and even psychosis. These symptoms are age-old, but they were brought together in the single term “catatonia” by German psychiatrist Karl Kahlbaum in 1874. Yet, 30 years later, catatonia disappeared from view as an independent illness, turned into a “subtype” of dementia praecox (schizophrenia). There, catatonia remained submerged from view for almost a century, rediscovered again as a disease of its own in the 1990s. Today, catatonic symptoms are seen in around one in ten admissions to a psychiatric emergency department. Untreated, catatonia may have a fatal outcome. Interest today has been increasing because of the discovery that, unlike schizophrenia, catatonia responds readily to therapy, with the symptoms vanishing without a trace. The authors argue that catatonia may be a response to fear and alarm triggered by trauma; during a stupor, patients often experience terrifying images and thoughts. Edward Shorter is a medical historian who has written widely about psychiatry. Max Fink is a clinician whose writings on melancholia, catatonia, and convulsive therapy have been internationally recognized.
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Hardy, Janet R., Paul Glare, Patsy Yates, and Kathryn A. Mannix. Palliation of nausea and vomiting. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0202.
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Nausea and vomiting (NV) are unpleasant symptoms reported as highly distressing by sufferers and have a significant impact on activities of daily living. The prevalence of nausea is 6-68% in people with advanced cancer, 17-48% in heart disease, 30-43% in renal disease, and 43-49% in people with AIDS and is not always associated with vomiting. Several multifactorial clinical syndromes can contribute to NV in patients with advanced illness. Two strategies have been proposed for the management of nausea and vomiting: the mechanistic and the empirical approach. Most of the evidence supporting the use of antiemetic drugs in palliative care has been extrapolated from trials of chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced NV. An ideal measurement tool for the assessment of NV and retching has yet to be developed. Inherent in the management of NV is to maximize treatment of those symptoms commonly associated with NV.
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Horne, Gerald. “I Am a Political Prisoner”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037924.003.0010.
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This chapter looks at Patterson's imprisonment in Danbury, Connecticut. He estimated that “30 percent of the prison population is Negro” in Danbury, and they, along with those who were Jewish, were segregated. What particularly agitated him was the overrepresentation of Negroes behind bars. The plight of his fellow inmates presented Patterson with an immediate dilemma. The high-court ruling had yet to trickle down to this federal facility, so Jim Crow reigned. If he spoke out, “especially against segregation,” then that “would surely be un-American-subversive. I am not afraid to speak out,” he assured, “but I don't seek further victimization.” During his time of imprisonment, his mail was censored, then he was barred from writing anyone other than his spouse and his daughter. He was also subjected to “quarantine,” shielded from others, though not in solitary confinement. This meant no visitors and seven letters per week.
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Payk, Marcus M., and Kim Christian Priemel, eds. Crafting the International Order. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198863830.001.0001.
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Lawyers make politics, and international lawyers make international politics. Yet despite there being a few prominent judges and academic stars, the roles which jurists play as practitioners of international politics is often underappreciated or their juristic personas take a backseat to those of the politician and the diplomat. This volume sheds light on how lawyers over the past 300 years have made sense of, engaged in, and shaped international politics. Individual chapters show how politicians and administrators, diplomats and military men conceived of and considered their tasks in legal terms and how the large, amorphous field often described as ‘international relations’ was filled with life in the distinctly legal vernacular of laws and regulations, treaties and agreements, resolutions and conventions. The volume provides insights into what it means when concrete decisions are taken, negotiations led, or controversies articulated and resolved by legal professionals. It also enquires into how the often criticized gaps between juristic standards and everyday realities can be explained by looking at the very medium of law. Rather than sorting people and problems into binary categories such as ‘law’ and ‘politics’ or ‘theory’ and ‘practice’, the case studies in this volume reflect on these dichotomies and dissolve them into the messy realities of conflicts and interactions which take place in historically contingent situations and in which international lawyers assume varying personas.
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Torrington, Matthew. Overview of the Addiction Recovery Industry. Edited by Shahla J. Modir and George E. Muñoz. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190275334.003.0002.
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This chapter traces the history of drug and alcohol use in America, starting in the 1850s through Prohibition, the emergence of Alcoholics Anonymous in 1935, and the treatment evolution around the 1950s. It reviews the US Drug Policy in the 1970s, the rise of the “designated driver” movement in the 1980s. There were 52,000 deaths due to overdose in 2015 with 33,000 of these attributed to opiates. The addiction-recovery business is now a $35 billion industry; yet there is still an access-to-care issue. Finally, this chapter examines the shift in medical culture to include risk evaluation and mitigation strategies, mandatory training in addiction and pain management, and the American College of Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) recognized medical specialty, addiction medicine. It presents the six different domains to best assess what intervention or treatment program is likely to help the patient and concludes that more money needs to be directed at mental health and addiction recovery programs.
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Pearce, Tim C. Chemosensation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199674923.003.0017.
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Olfaction in animals still surpasses any technological solution to chemical sensing yet conceived. While certain classes of molecular detection technologies may be capable of high sensitivity to a restricted number of compounds, unique to the biological system is its astonishing dynamic range (over 10 orders of magnitude), combining both extreme levels of sensitivity to certain key compounds of behavioural importance and varying levels of discrimination between an almost infinite variety of ligands, presented both individually and in complex combinations. For over 30 years the olfactory system of insects and mammals has provided biological sensing factors, rich inspiration, and processing principles for use in developing chemical sensing technologies. Here we focus on three such technological translations: recent rapid progress in measuring directly from olfactory binding/receptor proteins and chemosensory neurons as a biohybrid solution to chemical sensing; olfactory system based processing principles and architectures that have been applied to existing chemosensor technologies to achieve real-world sensing performance gains; and full-blown neuromorphic implementations of the olfactory pathways of animals.
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Tyndall, Alan, and Jacob M. van Laar. Stem cell therapies. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0085.
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Since the start of the international project in 1997, over 1500 patients have received a haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), mostly autologous, as treatment for a severe autoimmune disease, with overall 85% 5-year survival and 43% progression-free survival. Around 30% of patients in all disease subgroups had a complete response, often durable despite full immune reconstitution. In many cases, e.g. systemic sclerosis, morphological improvement such as reduction of skin collagen and normalization of microvasculature was documented, beyond any predicted known effects of intense immunosuppression alone. It is hoped that the results of the three running large prospective randomized controlled trials will allow modification of the protocols to reduce the high transplant-related mortality which relates to regimen intensity, age of patient, and comorbidity. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have been recently tested in various autoimmune diseases, exploiting their immune modulating properties and apparent low acute toxicity. MSC display immune privilege in that the patient requires no immunosuppression prior to allogeneic MSC infusion. Despite encouraging small phase I/II studies, no positive data from randomized prospective studies are as yet available in the peer-reviewed literature.
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Rogers, Kerrylee, and Timothy J. Ralph, eds. Floodplain Wetland Biota in the Murray-Darling Basin. CSIRO Publishing, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643100992.
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Floodplain wetlands of the Murray-Darling Basin provide critical habitat for numerous species of flora and fauna, yet the ecology of these wetlands is threatened by a range of environmental issues. This book addresses the urgent need for an improved ecohydrological understanding of the biota of Australian freshwater wetlands.
 It synthesises key water and habitat requirements for 35 species of plants, 48 species of waterbirds, 17 native and four introduced species of fish, 15 species of frogs, and 16 species of crustaceans and molluscs found in floodplain wetlands of the Murray-Darling Basin. Each species profile includes: the influence of water regimes on the survival, health and condition of the species; key stimuli for reproduction and germination; habitat and dietary preferences; as well as major knowledge gaps for the species. 
 Floodplain Wetland Biota in the Murray-Darling Basin also provides an overview of the likely impacts of hydrological change on wetland ecosystems and biota, in the context of climate change and variability, with implications for environmental management. This important book provides an essential baseline for further education, scientific research and management of floodplain wetland biota in the Murray-Darling Basin.
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Lenz, Tobias. Interorganizational Diffusion in International Relations. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198823827.001.0001.
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How and under what conditions does the European Union (EU) shape processes of institution building in other regional organizations? This book develops and tests a theory of interorganizational diffusion in international relations that explains how successful pioneer organizations shape institutional choices in other organizations by affecting the institutional preferences and bargaining strategies of national governments. The author argues that Europe’s foremost regional organization systematically affects institution building abroad, but that such influence varies across different types of organization. Mixing quantitative and qualitative methods, it shows how the EU institutionally strengthens regional organizations through active engagement and by building its own institutions at home. Yet the contractual nature of other regional organizations bounds this causal influence: EU influence makes an identifiable difference primarily in those organizations that, like the EU itself, rest on an open-ended contract. Evidence for these claims is drawn from the statistical analysis of a dataset on the institutionalization of 35 regional organizations in the period from 1950 to 2017, as well as from detailed single and comparative case studies on institutional creation and (non-)change in the Southern African Development Community, Mercosur, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, and the North American Free Trade Agreement.
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Moyal, Ann. Koala. CSIRO Publishing, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643096226.
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The koala is both an Australian icon and an animal that has attained ‘flagship’ status around the world. Yet its history tells a different story. While the koala figured prominently in Aboriginal Dreaming and Creation stories, its presence was not recorded in Australia until 15 years after white settlement. Then it would figure as a scientific oddity, despatched to museums in Britain and Europe, a native animal driven increasingly from its habitat by tree felling and human settlement, and a subject of relentless hunting by trappers for its valuable fur. It was not until the late 1920s that slowly emerging protective legislation and the enterprise of private protectors came to its aid. 
 This book surveys the koala’s fascinating history, its evolutionary survival in Australia for over 30 million years, its strikingly adaptive physiognomy, its private life, and the strong cultural impact it has had through its rich fertilisation of Australian literature. The work also focuses on the complex problems of Australia’s national wildlife and conservation policies and the challenges surrounding the environmental, economic and social questions concerning koala management.
 Koala embraces the story of this famous marsupial in an engaging historical narrative, extensively illustrated from widely sourced pictorial material.
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Lloyd, Howell A. Jean Bodin, ‘This Pre-eminent Man of France’. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198800149.001.0001.
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This book presents the only rounded treatment of a key figure in the intellectual history of France and Europe. Jean Bodin (1529/30–1596), jurist, associate of kings and courtiers, and participant in key political events, was the author of works of lasting interest and enduring significance in the fields of political science, historical writing, witchcraft, and a great deal else besides. Best known for his contribution to formulating the modern doctrine of sovereignty, Bodin has also been credited with developing the quantity theory of money and with advocating religious toleration at a decidedly unpropitious time. Yet, while certain aspects of his thought have long attracted and continue to receive a great deal of lively attention, no attempt has been made until now to approach this challenging thinker on a broad front, to consider all his writings, major and minor, and to examine his ideas contextually and in the round. That is precisely what is offered in this deeply researched and wide-ranging study. Deploying a multilingual array of source materials, it devotes particular attention to Bodin’s own use of sources and modes of discourse in the course of analysing each of his works in turn and in considerable detail. And, beyond Bodin himself and his writings, the book sheds far-reaching light on the intellectual world of the late Renaissance writ large—a dynamic environment shaped through the interaction of multiple traditions of thought.
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deBuys, William. A Great Aridness. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199778928.001.0001.
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With its soaring azure sky and stark landscapes, the American Southwest is one of the most hauntingly beautiful regions on earth. Yet staggering population growth, combined with the intensifying effects of climate change, is driving the oasis-based society close to the brink of a Dust-Bowl-scale catastrophe. In A Great Aridness, William deBuys paints a compelling picture of what the Southwest might look like when the heat turns up and the water runs out. This semi-arid land, vulnerable to water shortages, rising temperatures, wildfires, and a host of other environmental challenges, is poised to bear the heaviest consequences of global environmental change in the United States. Examining interrelated factors such as vanishing wildlife, forest die backs, and the over-allocation of the already stressed Colorado River--upon which nearly 30 million people depend--the author narrates the landscape's history--and future. He tells the inspiring stories of the climatologists and others who are helping untangle the complex, interlocking causes and effects of global warming. And while the fate of this region may seem at first blush to be of merely local interest, what happens in the Southwest, deBuys suggests, will provide a glimpse of what other mid-latitude arid lands worldwide--the Mediterranean Basin, southern Africa, and the Middle East--will experience in the coming years. Written with an elegance that recalls the prose of John McPhee and Wallace Stegner, A Great Aridness offers an unflinching look at the dramatic effects of climate change occurring right now in our own backyard.
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Schoppa, Keith. The Twentieth Century. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190497354.001.0001.
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The twentieth century was studded with extraordinary achievements in medicine, science, technology, and space. Yet, this century was the most violent in history, killing an estimated 30 million people in cold-blooded genocides and, in wars, an estimated 187 million. There was not a single year in the hundred-year span when there were no significant wars. In each chapter I have chosen several men and women, many not well-known, on whom I focus a bit more than other historical actors. They reflect the spirit of their times, though their approaches and contributions are distinctively nuanced. Existing in a climate primed for war and violence, they, like everyone else, had to decide where their source of political identity lay and, when a decision was necessary, where their political allegiance would fall: To their own lives as individuals in a specific locality? Or to a particular nation? Or to the larger global community? Given that this allegiance has been much discussed during the last half of the century up through today, to what geographical level do we see world citizens committing their allegiance? That answer will be a key determinant of the future. This chronological narrative also traces other crucial twentieth-century developments: women and their professional and social roles, goals, successes, and setbacks; the powerful forces of race and ethnicity; the role of identity; environmental issues, including atomic energy and the sustainability of natural resources; the causes and changing nature of wars around the world; and the historical roles of contingency and memory.
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Ahlskog, J. Eric. Dementia with Lewy Body and Parkinson's Disease Patients. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199977567.001.0001.
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Patients, spouses, families, and caregivers dealing with dementia face a host of complex issues, particularly when they must confront Dementia with Lewy Bodies or Parkinson's Disease. Until now there has been no guidebook for the general public to help navigate these challenging disorders. In Dementia with Lewy Bodies and Parkinson's Disease Dementia, Dr. J. Eric Ahlskog draws on 30 years of clinical and research work at Mayo Clinic to arm patients and families with crucial information that will enable them to work in tandem with their doctors. A diagnosis of dementia can be devastating, leaving families and caregivers struggling with a loved one's radically-impaired thinking and memory. When dementia is coupled with Parkinson's, which will develop in Parkinson's patients that live long enough, or with Lewy Bodies, which is the second leading cause of dementia behind Alzheimer's, the difficulties become even more daunting. And while these disorders are all too common, most people have little solid information about them. Too often doctors cannot spend the necessary time answering questions or discussing the specific challenges and treatments for these kinds of dementia during office visits. Arriving for a doctor appointment knowing the issues and treatment options beforehand gives patients and families an important head start. Dr. Ahlskog clearly explains all aspects of these disorders, their causes, symptoms, most effective drug treatments, proper doses, and which medications to avoid. He also discusses the complications that can arise in treating these conditions, given the variety of available medications and their possible side effects and interactions. While a cure does not yet exist, in this accessible, highly informative guidebook, Dr. Ahlskog shows that optimal medical treatment can markedly improve the quality of life for both patients and family.
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McShane, Tony, Peter Clayton, Michael Donaghy, and Robert Surtees. Neurometabolic disorders. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569381.003.0213.
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Various disorders result from genetically determined abnormalities of enzymes, the metabolic consequences of which affect the development or functioning of the nervous system. The range of metabolic disturbances is wide, as is the resultant range of clinical syndromes. Although most occur in children, some can present in adult life, and increasing numbers of affected children survive into adult life. In some, specific treatments are possible or are being developed. The last 20 years has seen a considerable expansion in our understanding of the genetic and metabolic basis for many neurological conditions. Particular clinical presentations of neurometabolic disorders include ataxias, movement disorders, childhood epilepsies, or peripheral neuropathy. Detailed coverage of the entire range of inherited metabolic diseases of the nervous system is available in other texts (Brett 1997; Scriver et al. 2001; Menkes et al. 2005).Treatment is possible for some metabolic diseases. For instance, the devastating neurological effects of phenylketonuria have been recognized for many years. Neonatal screening for this disorder and dietary modification in the developed world has removed phenylketonuria from the list of important causes of serious neurological disability in children. This success has led to new challenges in the management of the adult with phenylketonuria and unexpected and devastating effect of the disorder on the unborn child of an untreated Phenylketonuria mother. More recently Biotinidase deficiency has been recognized as an important and easily treatable cause of serious neurological disease usually presenting with early onset drug resistant seizures. This and some other neurometabolic diseases can be identified on neonatal blood screening although a full range of screening is not yet routine in the United Kingdom. More disorders are likely to be picked up at an earlier asymptomatic stage as the sophistication of screening tests increases (Wilcken et al. 2003; Bodamer et al. 2007).Although individual metabolic disorders are rare, collectively such disorders are relatively common. In reality most clinicians will see an individual condition only rarely in a career. Furthermore, patients with certain rare conditions are often concentrated in specialist referral centres, further reducing the exposure of general and paediatric neurologists to these disorders. A recent study into progressive intellectual and neurological deterioration, PIND, gives some information about the relative frequency and distribution of some childhood neurodegenerative diseases in the United Kingdom (Verity et al. 2000; Devereux et al. 2004). Although primarily designed to identify any childhood cases of variant Creutzfeldt- Jakob disease, the study also provided much information about the distribution of neurometabolic disease in children in the United Kingdom. The commonest five causes of progressive intellectual and neurological deterioration over 5 years were Sanfilippo syndrome, 41 cases, adrenoleukodystrophy, 32 cases, late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuschinosis, 32 cases, mitochondrial cytopathy, 30 cases, and Rett syndrome, 29 cases. Notably, geographical foci of these disorders were also found and correlate with high rate of consanguinity in some local populations.