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1
Olson, Stephen M., and Peter J. Stoffella. "Yield Stability Differences Among Collard Cultivars." HortScience 24, no. 3 (1989): 495–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.24.3.495.
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Abstract Eight collard (Brassica oleracea L. Acephala Group) cultivars were evaluated for phenotypic yield stability during 4 years in northern Florida. A cultivar, characterized as possessing stability, performed above average yield in both favorable and unfavorable environments, with minimal deviations between environments. Linear relationships between individual cultivar yields and environmental mean yields were used to statistically evaluate phenotypic stability. Cultivars with mean yields above the grand mean, regression coefficients ≤1, and coefficient of linear determination ≥50% were considered to have phenotypic stability. Using these statistical criteria, only ‘Blue Max’ was considered to have phenotypic yield stability; all other cultivars were considered to be unstable. Selection for improved collard yield adaptability could be performed using empirical formulas already developed.
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Kupkanchanakul, K., T. Kupkanchanakul, and S. Roontun. "Yield Differences Among Some Deepwater Rices (DWRs)." International Rice Research Newsletter 16, no. 3 (1991): 11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7218261.
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This article 'Yield Differences Among Some Deepwater Rices (DWRs)' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.
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Kobayashi, S., K. Deguchi, and H. Nakashima. "Detection of yield-independent forage quality differences among timothy genotypes." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 85, no. 4 (2005): 857–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p04-037.
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The trade-off between forage yield and quality would be minimized by selecting a genotype that produces high-quality forage regardless of yield. This paper attempts to detect forage quality differences among timothy (Phleum pratense L.) genotypes that are independent of yield. Two separate field experiments were conducted from 1993 to 1995 on an Ando loamy sand in Hokkaido, Japan. For exp. 1, timothy plants (cv. Nosap) were harvested at various maturity stages for the first, second, and third cuts in 1994 and 1995 to evaluate the relationships of crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) yields with dry matter (DM) yield. The relationship between NDF and DM yields was positive and linear across different cuts (r2 = 0.98–0.99), and was slightly affected by year. In contrast, the relationship between CP and DM yields depended on the cuts (r2 = 0.01–0.98). In exp. 2, four genotypes were evaluated in 1994 to compare the coefficients of the NDF vs. DM yield regressions using ANCOVA. The comparison showed that the NDF yields of Kitami 20, Kitami 21, and Hokuo were less than that of Nosap (P < 0.01) for a wide range of DM yields (150–700 g m-2). Thus, NDF concentrations were lower in the former genotypes across varying forage yields. Using the regression lines as indices could facilitate selection of timothy genotypes that reduce the trade-off between yield and quality, although further experiments are needed to confirm the usefulness of this method. Key words: Acid detergent fibre, crude protein, forage yield, neutral detergent fibre, timothy
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Liatukas, Žilvinas, and Jovita Bukauskaitė. "Differences in Yield of Diploid and Tetraploid Red Clover in Lithuania." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences 66, no. 4-5 (2012): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10046-012-0023-y.
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The research was carried out in 2003-2011 at the Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry. The fresh forage, dry matter (DM) and seed yields of red clover diploid and tetraploid populations and cultivars were determined. In total 58 diploids and 35 tetraploids were evaluated during four cycles in the study period. The average DM yield of diploids was 16.6 t ha -1 and of tetraploids was 17.8 t ha -1 . The tetraploid average DM yield surpassed that of diploids by only 6.5%. The seed yield was very low over the period. The average seed yield of diploids was 110.4 kg ha -1 . The average seed yield of tetraploids was 94.9 kg ha -1 . The diploid average seed yield was higher than that of tetraploids by 16.3%. The highest negative impact on seed yield was due to wet weather in the seed harvest year, which was favourable for development of diseases on above-ground plant parts. The study showed that tetraploid red clover had no significant advantage over diploid red clover in DM yield under Lithuanian conditions. Variation in seed yield showed that production of diploid red clover seed is less problematic. It seems that only directed disease resistance breeding can improve seed yield as well as forage yield of red clover.
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Krystyna, Zarzyńska, Boguszewska-Mańkowska Dominika, and Nosalewicz Artur. "Differences in size and architecture of the potato cultivars root system and their tolerance to drought stress." Plant, Soil and Environment 63, No. 4 (2017): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4/2017-pse.
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Drought can cause substantial yield losses, particularly for crops with shallow root systems, such as potato (Solanum tuberosum). This study tested whether root system architecture could affect potato yield under drought conditions. The following parameters of the roots were measured: depth range, total length, total area, surface area, average diameter, and total dry weight of the root system. These parameters in soil layers were also measured at different depths. Five potato cultivars from a group of mid-early cultivars were examined in this study. The same cultivars were tested under two conditions: control with optimal irrigation and drought stress treatment without irrigation for three weeks after the end of tuberization to check the tuber yield. Significant differences were observed among cultivars in the size of the root system and its architecture. The biggest differences in the individual layers of soil profile related to the diameter of the root, the root length, and the surface area. Also a relationship between the size of the root system and yield of tubers was found. The strongest correlations involved the root length and the root surface area with the decrease in tuber yield under the drought, then the dry root mass with the decrease in yield. These correlations were negative: the higher the value of the parameter, the smaller the observed decrease in yield. This showed a relationship between root length and mass with the decrease of yield; this relationship was stronger for roots in deeper layers than in the shallowest layers. Therefore, this study indicates that breeding potato cultivars with deep root systems might improve tuber yields under drought conditions.
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Grigorova, F., and V. Dzhuvinov. "YIELD COMPONENT OF CULTIVAR DIFFERENCES IN STRAWBERRY." Acta Horticulturae, no. 814 (March 2009): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2009.814.38.
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Vonhoff, Volker. "Yield differences between coupon and principal STRIPS." Managerial Finance 40, no. 4 (2014): 326–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-08-2013-0217.
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Purpose – Coupon and principal Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal Securities (STRIPS) maturing at the same date often trade at different yields. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach – This paper analyzes for the first time the maturity structure of these differences for the US Treasury STRIPS market. Findings – The paper surprisingly finds that short-term coupon STRIPS persistently trade at lower yields whereas long-term coupon STRIPS trade at higher yields compared to matched-maturity principal STRIPS. Originality/value – An integrated analysis of Treasury STRIPS and the underlying notes market allows us to isolate two determinants: first, properties of the underlying notes that spill over to principal STRIPS, and second, the liquidity of coupon STRIPS measured by stripping activity and stripping volume.
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Yang, Rui, Matthew Tom Harrison, and Xiaoyan Wang. "Current State and Limiting Factors of Wheat Yield at the Farm Level in Hubei Province." Agronomy 13, no. 8 (2023): 2043. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13082043.
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Longitudinal wheat yields in China have declined in recent times due to climate change, more frequent natural disasters, and suboptimal agronomic management. To date, it has been unclear which factors have predominated yield penalties realised hitherto in Hubei Province. This study aimed to identify key factors limiting wheat production across systems and agroecological regions, and provide a basis for increasing crop production while engendering food security. Survey data from 791 households in Hubei Province were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Significant spatial heterogeneity in average wheat yields was observed, with the Jianghan Plain region having significantly lower yields compared with the northwest region (yield gap: 1125 kg·hm−2). Dryland wheat had higher average yields than rice-rotation wheat (yield gap: 134 to 575 kg·hm−2). Socioeconomic factors, cultivation management measures, and environmental factors contributed differently to yield differences. Input costs and economic benefits were key social factors influencing wheat production. Variation in management were mainly attributed to planting methods, while soil fertility and climatic factors limited yields in some regions. In the northwest, low soil fertility and susceptibility to drought and high temperatures had greater influence on yields. In the Jianghan Plain, soil waterlogging and erosion were key challenges. Waterlogging increased the probability of low yields by 8.6 times, while severe soil erosion increased probability of yield loss by a factor of almost five. Low-yield farms in the Jianghan Plain were 21% higher than those in the northwest. Extreme weather events also contributed to low yields in the Jianghan Plain. We note significant potential for increasing farm-level wheat production in Hubei Province, with large existing differences across agro-ecological regions and planting modes. Differences in cultivation practices was a major driving factor of yield gaps between planting modes, while soil fertility and meteorological disasters drive regional yield differences. These results have implications for those aspiring to narrow the yield gap across regions and increase production of cereal crops.
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Parish, Richard L., Regina P. Bracy, and Hershel F. Morris. "Broadcast vs. Band Applications of Fertilizer for Vegetable Crops." HortScience 32, no. 4 (1997): 599D—599. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.4.599d.
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A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of banding or broadcasting fertilizer on yield and quality of turnip (Brassica rapa L. Rapifera group), sweetcorn (Zea mays var. rugosa Bonaf), and cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. Capitata group). Preplant fertilizer was applied broadcast prior to bedding, broadcast after bedding, or banded after bedding. Sidedress applications were broadcast or banded on the beds. Strong visual differences were noticed early in the season in the spring turnip crop with the growth in the broadcast-then-bed treatment appearing superior. The yield at first harvest and total yield were lower for turnip growth with the bed-and-broadcast treatments. No differences in yield of cabbage and sweetcorn resulted from the treatments. Few differences in turnip stem to leaf ratio were noted due to fertilizer treatment. Few differences in yield due to sidedress method were noted with any of the crops. Since broadcasting can be done with a faster, wider applicator, growers could reduce costs by broadcasting fertilizer and obtain yields that are at least equivalent to the yields from banding.
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Ober, Eric S., Peter Werner, Edward Flatman, et al. "Genotypic differences in deep water extraction associated with drought tolerance in wheat." Functional Plant Biology 41, no. 11 (2014): 1078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp14094.
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The ability of roots to extract soil moisture is critical for maintaining yields during drought. However, the extent of genotypic variation for rooting depth and drought tolerance in Northern European wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm is not known. The objectives of this study were to measure genotypic differences in root activity, test relationships between water use and yield, examine trade-offs between yield potential and investment of biomass in deep roots, and identify genotypes that contrast in deep root activity. A diverse set of 21 wheat genotypes was evaluated under irrigated and managed drought conditions in the field. Root activity was inferred from patterns of water extraction from the soil profile. Genotypes were equally capable of exploiting soil moisture in the upper layers, but there were significant genotypic differences in rates of water uptake after anthesis in deeper soil layers. For example, across the three years of the study, the variety Xi19 showed consistently deeper root activity than the variety Spark; Xi19 also showed greater drought tolerance than Spark. There were positive correlations between water extraction from depth and droughted yields and drought tolerance, but correlations between deep water use and yield potential were not significant or only weakly negative. With appropriate screening tools, selection for genotypes that can better mine deep soil water should improve yield stability in variable rainfall environments.
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Moore, P. P., and J. W. Hanover. "Variation in Yield of Blue Spruce Monoterpenes Associated with Crown Position and Frequency of Resin Canals." Forest Science 33, no. 4 (1987): 1081–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/33.4.1081.
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Abstract Large differences were found in the yield of monoterpenes from xylem, bark, and needles of blue spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.). Yields were greatest from bark samples and least from xylem. There were significant differences among trees in yield for all tissues. Yield of xylem and needle but not bark monoterpenes varied with position in the crown. Yields of total monoterpenes in xylem and needle samples were highly correlated with the proportion of resin canals in these tissues. Needle and bark extracts showed significant among-tree differences in the relative concentrations of most monoterpenes. Concentrations of most monoterpenes in needle and xylem extracts varied significantly with position in the crown, while few bark monoterpenes varied significantly. For. Sci. 33(4):1081-1088.
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Pelikán, J. "Yield evaluation of varieties from the world collection of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.)." Plant, Soil and Environment 48, No. 6 (2011): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4240-pse.
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In field trials in 1998&ndash;2000, ten varieties of the world collection of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) were evaluated for herbage and hay yields. In all the years of testing yields from three cuttings and total annual production were evaluated. In 1999, seed yield was also recorded. As a&nbsp;control, alfalfa (Medicago sativa) variety was included in the experiment. The test varieties showed good productivity in the first and especially in the second year of testing, most of them exceeded alfalfa in herbage yield in individual cuttings and in total productions. As for hay yield, the differences were not so great. Local varieties showed very good productivity, predominantly in herbage yields. Of foreign varieties, the best herbage, hay and seed yielder was the Hungarian variety Puszta. There were no statistical differences in seed yield between the varieties. The yields were, however, relatively low.
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Enete, Anselm A., Felix I. Nweke, and Eugene C. Okorji. "Trends in Food Crop Yields under Demographic Pressure in Sub-Saharan Africa: the Case of Cassava in Southeast Nigeria." Outlook on Agriculture 24, no. 4 (1995): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709502400409.
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Research in 1973 attributed large cassava root yield differences among three villages in southeast Nigeria to equally large population density differences. In 1993, the Nigerian national team of the Collaborative Study of Cassava in Africa (COSCA) went back to the three villages to see whether population growth had led to yield declines. They found that the wide gap in yields between the high and low population density villages was maintained, apparently due to differences in soil type, fallow periods, cassava plant densities and harvest dates. Cassava root yield had doubled in the high population density area, increased but not doubled in the medium population density area and declined in the low population density area. The differences in the yield trends among the three villages were due to the use of improved cassava varieties in the high population density area.
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Villegas, D., N. Aparicio, M. M. Nachit, J. L. Araus, and C. Royo. "Photosynthetic and developmental traits associated with genotypic differences in durum wheat yield across the Mediterranean basin." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 51, no. 7 (2000): 891. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar00076.
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The relationships between various morphophysiological traits and yield were studied in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) grown in Mediterranean conditions. Two sets of 22 genotypes were used. One was developed for semi-humid environments (TA-genotypes) and was cultivated in 22 trials around the Mediterranean basin with a mean yield across genotypes and environments of 4925 kg/ha. The other set was developed for drier conditions (CA-genotypes) and was cultivated in 15 trials, with a mean yield of 3501 kg/ha. Morphophysiological traits for each set were evaluated in 2 trials with contrasting water regimes conducted in north-eastern Spain: Lleida-rainfed (LR) and Lleida-irrigation (LI). Two kinds of traits were evaluated: developmental traits, including early vigour, plant height, and phenology (days from planting to heading and to maturity); and traits related to photosynthetic performance such as canopy temperature and chlorophyll content of the flag leaf, both measured during grain filling, and carbon isotope discrimination of mature grains. All the traits, measured in both Lleida trials, were related to the mean yield of the same genotypes across all the sites where they were cultivated. Yield measured at either of the 2 environments at Lleida was a much poorer predictor of genotype differences in mean yield than most of the traits. Nevertheless, the kind of environment where the morphophysiological traits were evaluated affected the performance of these traits as yield predictors. The combination of significant traits measured in the better environment (LI) explained 71% and 55% of genotype variability in yield within TA- and CA-genotypes, respectively, but only 56% and 27% when they were evaluated at LR. On the other hand, growing conditions of the yield trials was the main factor determining the best combination of traits. For TA-genotypes, larger yields were associated with shorter plants and higher carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) of grains, and to a lesser extent with higher early vigour and lower canopy temperature, whereas phenological traits made no contribution to explaining genotype differences in yield. For the CA-genotypes, higher yields were related to an earlier heading date or alternatively to a higher chlorophyll content during grain filling. A higher Δ in mature kernels also seems to be a positive trait.
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Parish, R. L., R. P. Bracy, and H. F. Morris. "Broadcast versus Band Fertilizer Applications on Vegetable Crops." HortTechnology 7, no. 4 (1997): 389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.7.4.389.
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A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of banding or broadcasting fertilizer on yield and quality of turnip (Brassica rapa L. Rapifera group), sweetcorn (Zea mays var. rugosa Bonaf.), and cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. Capitata group). Preplant fertilizer was applied broadcast before bedding, broadcast after bedding, or banded after bedding. Sidedress applications were broadcast or banded on the beds. Differences in plant size and vigor were noticed early in the season in the spring turnip crop, with the growth in the broadcast-and-bed treatment appearing superior. The yield at first harvest and total yield were lower for turnip grown with the bed-and-broadcast treatment. No differences in yield of cabbage or sweetcorn resulted from the treatments. Few differences in turnip stem-to-leaf ratio were noted due to fertilizer treatment. Few differences in yield due to sidedress method were noted with any of the crops. Analysis of soil samples in a grid pattern across the beds showed that the location of the fertilizer after the broadcast-and-bed treatment was similar to the placement of the banded fertilizer. Since broadcasting can be done with a faster, wider applicator, growers could reduce costs by broadcasting fertilizer and obtain yields that are at least equivalent to the yields obtained by banding the fertilizer.
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Finke, P. A., and D. Goense. "Differences in barley grain yields as a result of soil variability." Journal of Agricultural Science 120, no. 2 (1993): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600074207.
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SUMMARYField scale variability in the grain yield of barley in 1989 was investigated in 62 field plots in a Dutch polder area, and compared to soil- and simulation-type characteristics. Total grain mass varied between 3409 and 6019 kg/ha, and grain moisture content between 131 and 14·7%. Soil profile descriptions and soil characteristics were used as basic input data for simulations. Soil water flow was simulated at 119 locations with the LEACHM model, for the purpose of quantifying spatial variability in transpiration deficits in the growing season. Both soil- and simulation-type characteristics were translated from point values to spatial averages for the harvested fields, using kriging. Kriged characteristics were correlated with yields, and used to construct transfer functions. Simulated transpiration deficits during sensitive crop development phases showed negative correlations with grain yield. Transfer functions explained at maximum 68·2% of the variance in the yields.
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Fleck, M. M. "Multiple widths yield reliable finite differences (computer vision)." IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 14, no. 4 (1992): 412–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/34.126804.
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Peltonen‐Sainio, Pirjo. "Yield Component Differences between Naked and Conventional Oat." Agronomy Journal 86, no. 3 (1994): 510–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj1994.00021962008600030010x.
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Liu, Xian, Ming Da Liu, Zeng Gui Gao, and Dan Yang. "Effect of Different Biochars on Yield and Yield Components of Wheat on Different Soils." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 2665–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.2665.
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Effects of two types of biochars from wheat straw (SB) and hard miscellaneous woods (WB), combined with two types of soils on the growth and yield of wheat were evaluated to identify biochar addition to suitable soils on crop yield for accelerating biochar application. Plant growth variables and yields were studied in order to assess the agronomic efficiency of biochar. Our results showed that both biochar additions to an alkaline soil had little or negative effect on plant growth and wheat yield. However, to neutral soil, addition of both biochars could improve plant growth and increase significantly the wheat yield. There were significant differences on effective spikelet, number of seeds, above ground biomass and no significant differences on total spikelet, TKW among different treatments which SB was applied in neutral soil, whereas there were no significant differences on any aforementioned index at application of WB in neutral soil. Further analysis indicated that effect of SB on yield was better than that of WB, and 6% SB and 2% WB were the best for neutral soil respectively.
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Chapman, D. F., P. D. Muir, and M. J. Faville. "Persistence of dry matter yield among New Zealand perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars: insights from a long-term data set." Journal of New Zealand Grasslands 77 (January 1, 2015): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2015.77.463.
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Persistence of herbage yield is an important productivity trait of grass species and cultivars in New Zealand pastures. However, relatively little is known about genetic variation in this trait, principally because few studies comparing yield have continued beyond 3 years. This paper reports results from a comparison of 25 perennial ryegrass cultivars representing a wide range of functional types and genetic backgrounds conducted under sheep grazing in a summer-dry environment. Dry matter (DM) yield was measured for the first 3 years after sowing, then again in years seven and eight post-sowing, and in year ten post-sowing. Endophyte DNA fingerprinting conducted mid-way through year seven confirmed that, with one exception, ryegrass populations remained true-to-type in the cultivars sown with novel endophyte strains. The cultivar effect on DM yield was statistically significant in all measurement periods. Differences in yields among cultivars in years seven and eight were significantly and positively correlated with yield differences in years one to three (r=0.685 to 0.831 depending on which year contrasts were used). Thus, high-performing cultivars in the early years of the trial were also generally highperforming cultivars in years seven and eight, and vice-versa, indicating a high degree of yield stability in perennial ryegrass cultivars. Yield differences did not appear to be related to differences in cultivar heading date, ploidy, endophyte status, or genetic background. The relationship between yield in year ten and yields in years one to three was much weaker (r=0.392) than the relationship in years seven and eight. Possible reasons for this are discussed. Keywords: Perennial ryegrass; traits; persistence
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Koç, M., C. Barutçular, and N. Zencirci. "Grain protein and grain yield of durum wheats from south-eastern Anatolia, Turkey." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 51, no. 6 (2000): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar97126.
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High grain protein in durum wheat [Triticum turgidum ssp. turgidum L. conv. Durum (Desf.)] is one of the main goals of breeding programs. Landraces may be very useful germplasm for achieving this goal. To examine their potential as a source of high grain protein content, 11 genotypes, including 7 landraces, were evaluated in 8 environments. Environment, genotype, and the interaction of the two (G E) significantly influenced the variation in grain yield, grain protein content, and grain protein yield. The environmental effect was the strongest, mostly due to differences in water supply. Grain yields of the modern genotypes were higher than those of landraces. Yields of the modern genotypes tended to respond more strongly to the higher yielding environments, but they varied more than the yields of landraces. With the exception of VK.85.18, the grain protein content of the high-yielding genotypes was almost as high as that of the best landraces. Moreover, grain protein content of these bred genotypes tended to respond more strongly to the higher protein environments. Differences in grain protein yield were closely related to the differences in grain yield. The results indicate that it is possible to improve grain protein content without grain yield being adversely affected. The results also indicate that potential gene sources should be compared over a number of environments before they can be used as breeding material or as crop varieties producing high grain protein yields.
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Y.A, NANJA REDDY, PRASAD T.G, and UDAYA KUMAR M. "GENOTYPIC VARIATION IN YIELD ATTRIBUTES AND YIELD OF RICE." Madras Agricultural Journal 82, April (1995): 310–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a01196.
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Experiment was carried out to bring out the genotypic variations from a broad genetic base and to utilise the best attribute in achieving higher grain yields. The results indicated significant genotypic differences in yield attributes and yield. The association analysis showed a significant positive relationship of grain yield with productive tillers, filled grain number per panicle, 1000 grain weight and harvest index. Among the yield attributes productive tillers, filled grain number per panicle and harvest index contributed to a greater extent in achieving the productivity. This indicates, the selection of numerically high value for each yield attribute and incorporating in a single genotype may boost the grain yields significantly to a higher level. However, grain size is not a preferable character in consumer point of view. Therefore, selection of genotypes with large number of productive tillers and filled grain per panicle may be worthwhile.
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Ahmad, R., N. Ahmad, J. C. Stark, and A. Tanveer. "Gram Yield and Yield Components of Spring Wheat Genotypes at Different Moisture Regimes." Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 3, no. 2 (1998): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol3iss2pp13-19.
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Yield and developmental characteristics of crop genotypes grown at different levels of water availability are often used to select genotypes that are adapted to variable moisture environments. Field studies were conducted at Aberdeen. Idaho, USA in 1992 and 1993 to evaluate the effects of varying moisture supply on grain yield and yield components of spring wheat genotypes. In both years, 12 spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes were grown under three irrigation levels (well-watered. moderate water-stress and severe water-stress) imposed during the periods from mid-tillering to anthesis with a line source sprinkler irrigation system. Grain yield and yield components (spikes m-2, spikelets spike-1, kernels spikelet-1, kernels spike-1, and kernel weight) were used to evaluate the genotypic response to water stress. Overall, water stress caused a reduction in grain yield and yield components. Genotypes exhibited a large year-to-year variation in their ranks for grain yield. Medium-tall growing genotypes (IDO 367. lDO 369 and Rick) generally produced high yields under water stress conditions in 1992 (relatively dry year), while short -medium genotypes (WPB 926. Yecora Rojo and Pondera) produced high yields under water stress conditions in 1993 (relatively wet year). Chris and Serra were the lowest yielding genotypes under water stress conditions in both years. Under moderate stress conditions. 100 367 and Yecora Rojo had consistently high yields. Genotypic yield differences under water stress conditions were primarily related to the differences in the numbers of spikes m". Therefore, a tendency for high plasticity for Spikes per unit area could be used to select wheat genotypes for improved drought tolerance.
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Tubbs, R. S., E. P. Prostko, R. C. Kemerait, T. B. Brenneman, and D. Q. Wann. "Influence of Paraquat on Yield and Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus for Georgia-02C and Georgia-03L Peanut." Peanut Science 37, no. 1 (2010): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/ps09-006.1.
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Abstract Paraquat is a common herbicide used in peanut production; however, visible injury and reduced yield have been observed in some instances. Most research regarding paraquat injury on peanut has taken place on cultivars that are no longer available and were more susceptible to tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) than current cultivars. Field experiments were conducted over three growing seasons to determine the effect of paraquat on yield and TSWV incidence in two moderately TSWV-resistant cultivars (Georgia-02C and Georgia-03L). Paraquat and paraquat plus bentazon were evaluated against a non-treated control at four application timings [7, 14, 21, and 28 d after ground cracking (DAGC)]. There were no yield differences among herbicide treatments or application timings for Georgia-02C peanut, but there was a treatment interaction with Georgia-03L for yield. The majority of interaction comparisons showed no yield differences, but the non-treated control had higher yields than the herbicide treatments when significance did occur. Yields were similar for the 7 DAGC timing in all comparisons. In all instances when differences occurred for both cultivars, TSWV was higher in non-treated plots than where herbicides were applied. This data supports the use of paraquat in Georgia-02C and Georgia-03L peanut since there is minimal chance of yield reduction and may also reduce TSWV incidence; however, additional studies are required.
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Carson, Luther C., Joshua H. Freeman, Kequan Zhou, Gregory Welbaum, and Mark Reiter. "Cultivar Evaluation and Lipid and Protein Contents of Virginia-grown Edamame." HortTechnology 21, no. 1 (2011): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.21.1.131.
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Few studies have compared the growth and yield of commercial edamame (Glycine max) cultivars in the mid-Atlantic United States. This study determined yield potential, yield components, and lipid and protein contents of five edamame cultivars [BeSweet 292 (BS292), BeSweet 2015 (BS2015), BeSweet 2001 (BS2001), Midori Giant (MG), and Sunrise (SR)] grown in Painter, VA, during 2008 and 2009. Pod yield ranged between 5002 and 7521 lb/acre. There were no differences in total yield among ‘MG’, ‘BS292’, or ‘SR’. ‘BS2015’ had the lowest yield, while the yield of ‘BS2001’ was not different from other cultivars tested. Percent marketable pods ranged from 74.3% to 85.6%, with no differences among cultivars. ‘SR’ had the greatest average seed weight in 2008 and ‘BS2001’ had the smallest; intermediate was ‘MG’, ‘BS292’, and ‘BS2001’, although ‘MG’ was not different from ‘SR’. ‘MG’ had the greatest average seed weight in 2009; there were no differences among the remaining cultivars. The cultivar lipid content was numerically lower in 2009 than in 2008 for all five cultivars. ‘BS292’ and ‘BS2001’ had the least and greatest protein concentrations with 36.1% and 38.3% in 2008, respectively. In 2009, ‘MG’ and ‘SR’ had the least and greatest protein concentrations with 35.7% and 39.5%, respectively. Edamame appears to be a viable alternative crop for Virginia with yields similar to snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). ‘MG’, ‘BS292’, and ‘SR’ produced consistently high yields and quality and are viable cultivar choices for the mid-Atlantic United States.
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ENSING, J., G. HOFSTRA, and E. J. ADOMAIT. "THE USE OF CULTIVAR YIELD DATA TO ESTIMATE LOSSES DUE TO OZONE IN PEANUT." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 66, no. 3 (1986): 511–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps86-070.
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To establish the relationship between ozone (O3) dose and foliar injury and yield in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), several approaches were employed. First, foliar sensitivity to O3 of 10 Spanish cultivars and lines, and eight Valencia cultivars and lines were assessed over a 3-yr period. Maximum percentage of the foliage affected by O3 rarely exceeded 10% for any Valencia cultivar, while foliar injury on Spanish cultivars in August frequently exceeded 25% and even 50% on some cultivars. In a second study, two Spanish and two Valencia cultivars were treated with the antioxidant, EDU, and compared to untreated controls. Neither Valencia cultivar exhibited relevant foliar injury or differences in yield because of EDU application. Untreated USDA PI 268661 (Spanish) exhibited consistently high levels of foliar injury and significant reductions in yield, while the Spanish line EM-12 exhibited less foliar injury and more variability in yield response. Thirdly, yield data of cultivar trials from 1975 to 1984 were used to determine if differences in yield between sensitive and insensitive cultivars could be regressed on seasonal ozone dose to attempt an estimation of a dose-response function. Over the 10-yr period regressions of yields of single cultivars on seasonal O3 dose were not significant for any cultivar. Regressions of the yield ratios (sensitive cultivar/insensitive cultivar) against O3 were also not significant. Even though yield varied greatly from year to year, yields of any two cultivars (sensitive or insensitive to O3) in any given year were highly correlated over the 10-yr period. It appears that yield data are not a sufficiently sensitive parameter to establish a dose-response function, and that other factors override any yield effects of O3 over the 10-yr period examined.Key words: Peanut, ozone sensitivity, ethylene diurea, cultivar differences, yield
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Fatih, KILLI, and BEYCIOGLU Tahsin. "Yield and Yield Parameters of 46 Cotton (Gossypium spp.) Cultivars under Kahramanmaras (Turkey) Conditions." International Journal of Environmental & Agriculture Research 6, no. 8 (2020): 13–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4009009.
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<strong><em>Abstract</em></strong><strong><em>—</em></strong> <em>Variety yield and adaptation studies are of great importance in increasing cotton production and cultivation. This work was carry out to determine yield(seed cotton and fiber) and yield parameters (plant height, sympodial branches, boll number, seed cotton weight, 100 seed weight and ginning outturn) of 46 cotton genotypes, two of which belong to barbadense and forty-four of hirsutum species, under east Mediterranean ecological conditions of Kahramanmaras – Turkey in 2013 and 2014. According to the analysis of variance yield and yield parameters showed significant differences between genotypes. Year and genotype-year interactions were not significant for all characteristics studied. Based on two-year average results, cotton cultivars BA-119, ST-468 and Furkan gave higher seed cotton and fiber yield per hectare than the others. Minimum seed cotton and fiber yield was observed in Maydos. Cotton varieties BA-119, ST-468 and Furkan can be recommended to cotton producers for production regions due to their high seed cotton and fiber yield.</em>
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Galal, Ahmed EL TOUM. "Evaluation of Growth and Yield of Four Maize ( Zea mays L.) Cultivars Under Northern Sudan Conditions." Agriculture and Forestry Journal 2, no. 2 (2018): 89–91. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2536536.
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This study was aimed to evaluate some vegetative and reproductive growth, yield and yield components parameters of Four maize cultivars namely Hudebia-1, Hudeiba-2, Mugtama-45 and Balady. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used to execute the experiment. The experiment was conducted at the Demonstration Farm of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences –University of Dongola- Sudan (Latitude 19˚ 11˝ N and Longitude 30˚ 29˝ E and altitude 227m ASL) during the summer season 2016. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among maize cultivars in all vegetative and reproductive growth parameters studied namely. Plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves / plant, days to 50% tasselling, days to 50% siliking and days to maturity. Also , differences among maize cultivars was significant for yield and yield components characters with the exception of number of rows/ cob which exhibited no significant differences, these include cob length, , number of seeds/row, number of seeds/co, 100 seed weight and grains yield. The cultivar Hueiba-2 produced 48% significantly greater yield than Baldy cultivar.
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LARK, R. M., J. A. CATT, and J. V. STAFFORD. "Towards the explanation of within-field variability of yield of winter barley: soil series differences." Journal of Agricultural Science 131, no. 4 (1998): 409–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859698005978.
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In a trial over three successive seasons, the yields of winter barley crops were mapped on a 6 ha field, the soils of which had been mapped according to a system of simple units corresponding to soil series as defined by the Soil Survey of England and Wales. Significant yield variation was explained by differences between soil map units, and the interaction with differences between seasons. The physical properties of the soil series and the potential soil moisture deficits in the three seasons suggested that moisture differences between the soils accounted for much of the observed differences in yield. The implications of these results for crop management in response to within-field variability are discussed.
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Smith, K. F., M. Tasneem, G. A. Kearney, K. F. M. Reed, and A. Leonforte. "Evaluation of herbage yield in a forage grass breeding program: comparison of visual rating versus measurement in single-row plots or swards." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 41, no. 8 (2001): 1161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea01029.
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To refine selection methods for a perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) breeding program, half-sib families and commercial cultivars were evaluated for 3 years with treatments sown as both single-drill rows or swards. Dry matter yield of the perennial ryegrass treatments was evaluated several times in each year as a visual score which was subsequently calibrated against a regression determined by cutting a subset of plots or by cutting all plots. Thus, the experiment evaluated 2 aspects of herbage-yield determination in a perennial ryegrass breeding program: (i) the use of visual estimates of herbage yield to reduce the time spent cutting plots, and (ii) the use of single-row plots compared with swards. The correlation (either as Pearsons correlation coefficient, or Spearmans rank correlation coefficient) between visual estimates of herbage yield was always significant (P<0.01), with the exception of the rank correlation for sward plots in the summer 1995 (r = 0.4; P<0.05). However, the extent of the correlation varied (r = 0.4–0.9), and at some harvests calibrated visual ratings only explained a small proportion of the variance observed in harvested dry matter yields. These data suggest that visual ratings of herbage yield would be accurate enough to be used to detect large differences between families, breeding lines, cultivars or accessions of perennial ryegrass. However, when differences between lines are likely to be small, then harvesting all plots would give a more accurate estimate of the yield of perennial ryegrass lines. Likewise, the herbage yield of perennial ryegrass in single-row plots was significantly correlated with the herbage yield of perennial ryegrass sown as swards (P<0.01 or P<0.05). However, the correlation was again variable leading to the conclusion that evaluation of perennial ryegrass as single-row plots was not always an accurate indicator of sward yield. For those 4 (of 13) harvests over 3 years where the interaction between sward yield and row yield of the perennial ryegrass lines was significant (P<0.05), this interaction was shown not to be due to significant rank changes but rather to an increase in the differences of yield in swards or yield in single-row plots. We conclude that the harvesting of swards was the most reliable method of estimating the dry matter yield of perennial ryegrass cultivars. However, significant correlations between visual rating of treatments, or yield in single-row plots and measured yield as swards illustrated that these methods (visual ratings and single-plot yields) could be used to reduce the cost of evaluating differences in the herbage yield potential of perennial ryegrass, especially when these differences were likely to be large or when seed is limited, such as during the evaluation of accessions.
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Zhang, Wei, Zhiqiang Fu, Xinhui Zhao, et al. "Comparison of Carbon Footprint Differences in Nitrogen Reduction and Density Increase in Double Cropping Rice under Two Evaluation Methods." Agronomy 14, no. 4 (2024): 803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14040803.
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Optimized fertilizer use improves crop yield and mitigates environmental pollution associated with crop production. Fertilizer and plant density are core strategies to ensure food security and cope with climate change. However, little is known about the long-term interactive effect of reduced nitrogen (N) and increased density on yield and C (Carbon) balance. In this study, field experiments were conducted in a double-cropping rice region to evaluate long-term effects on yield and carbon footprint (CF) by crop-based and soil-based methods. Treatments were set for 10% reduction in N coupling with conventional density (N1D1), 20% higher density (N1D2), 40% higher density (N1D3), and 20% reduction in N coupling with conventional density (N2D1), 20% higher density (N2D2), and 40% higher density (N2D3), with the prevailing practices as control, conventional plant density, and fertilizer dose. Results showed that the yield continued to increase with increasing density; under the same density, reducing N by 10% is more beneficial for yield improvement and for CH4 emission reduction. Compared with CK, reducing N application by 10% generally increased the annual yields by 7.34–23.25% on average, and reduced CH4 emissions by 16.19–22.11%, resulting in a reduced crop-based carbon footprint of 22.24–26.82%, and a reduced soil-based carbon footprint of 22.08–32.85%. While reducing N application by 20% increased the annual yields by 5.00–20.19% and reduced the CH4 emission by 1.66–4.93%, it reduced crop-based carbon footprints by 1.81–10.05% and reduced soil-based carbon footprints by 7.22–19.86%. As density increased, the crop-based CF decreased, whereas the soil-based CF increased. Overall, the highest yield and the lowest soil-based CF and unit yield CF (CFy) were observed in N1D3. Regarding sustainability, a 10% reduction in N, along with an increase in density to 40%, can be recommended for double-cropping rice production.
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Miles, M. R., C. Levy, W. Morel, et al. "International Fungicide Efficacy Trials for the Management of Soybean Rust." Plant Disease 91, no. 11 (2007): 1450–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-11-1450.
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The efficacy of fungicides in managing soybean rust was evaluated in 12 environments in South America and southern Africa over three growing seasons from 2002 to 2005. There were differences in final soybean rust severity, defoliation, and yield among the treatments at most locations. In locations where soybean rust was not severe, all the fungicides evaluated reduced severity. In locations where soybean rust was severe, applications of triazole and triazole + strobilurin fungicides resulted in lower severity and higher yields compared with other fungicides. The strobilurin fungicides provided the highest yields in many locations; however, severity tended to be higher than that of the triazole fungicides. There also were differences in yield and severity between the trials with two and three applications of several fungicides, with three applications resulting in less severe soybean rust and higher yields. However, the third application of tebuconazole, tetraconazole, and the mixtures containing azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin was not needed to maintain yield. These fungicides were among the most effective for managing soybean rust and maintaining yield over most locations.
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Ntare, Bonny R., and J. H. Williams. "Response of Cowpea Cultivars to Planting Pattern and Date of Sowing in Intercrops with Pearl Millet in Niger." Experimental Agriculture 28, no. 1 (1992): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700022997.
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SummaryA two-year study was conducted at two locations in Niger to compare the response of five cowpea cultivars to two planting patterns and two sowing dates relative to the sowing date of pearl millet. All the cowpea cultivars took less time to mature when planted three weeks after millet than when sown one week after. Early-maturing cowpea cultivars had the smallest yield, whereas the yield of the local indeterminate cultivar was nearly double that of the other cultivars at both dates of sowing. Early planting of cowpea significantly depressed millet yield, but when cowpea was planted late millet yields approached those of the sole crop. The local cultivar depressed millet yields more than the other cowpea cultivars. Planting pattern had no significant effect on the yield of either cowpea or millet. Cowpea yield was reduced by more than 50% by two weeks delay in sowing, confirming that the sowing date of cowpea relative to millet is a critical factor in the Sahelian pearl millet/cowpea intercropping system. There were marked differences in the effect of cowpea cultivar on millet yield but these differences were consistent over sowing dates.
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Shannag, H. K., J. M. Al-Qudah, I. M. Makhadmeh, and N. M. Freihat. "Differences in growth and yield responses to Aphis gossypii Glover between different okra varieties." Plant Protection Science 43, No. 3 (2008): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2250-pps.
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The reactions of five commercial varieties of okra, <i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i>, to <i>A. gossypii</i> were evaluated under semiarid field conditions. Each experimental plant of varieties Clemson spineless, Clemson spineless 80, Lee, Perkins dwarf, and Local was infested 60 days after emergence by three late-nymphal instars of the aphid. The results showed that aphid populations increased constantly on the varieties, except for days 42 and 49 after infestation, attaining a peak at about the end of the growing season. Differences in aphid densities were recorded between varieties. The aphids were most numerous on var. Local, while lowest in number on var. Lee. Infestation by aphids on okra varieties reduced yield by 57% on var. Perkins dwarf, 56% on var. Lee, 24% on var. Clemson spineless, 21% on var. Clemson spineless 80, and 5% on var. Local. Reduction in the number of pods produced per plant followed the same pattern as observed for total yield. Aphids had not altered significantly the vegetative plant growth at day 37 following infestation. At day 66, a substantial decrease in shoot fresh and dry weights and also leaf area was evident on var. Perkins dwarf while on var. Clemson spineless only the leaf area was significantly reduced. Moreover, aphid-free controls varied widely in their growth and productivity at the end of growing season. Varieties Clemson spineless and Clemson spineless 80 produced the highest total yield and pod numbers, var. Local the lowest. The varieties Perkins dwarf and Clemson spineless produced significantly higher shoot fresh and dry weight, as well as leaf area, than vars. Lee and Local.
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Bilgin, O. C., N. Esenbuga, and M. E. Davis. "Comparison of models for describing the lactation curve of Awassi, Morkaraman and Tushin sheep." Archives Animal Breeding 53, no. 4 (2010): 447–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-53-447-2010.
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Abstract. The aim of this study was to identify a suitable mathematical model for describing the lactation curve of Awassi, Morkaraman and Tushin sheep breeds and to determine breed differences. Data on milk yield of 182 Awassi, 47 Morkaraman and 74 Tushin ewes were used. Eight empirical models from the literature were used to fit the standard lactation curves. Among them the Wood model (WD) appeared the most appropriate according to mean square prediction error (MSPE), coefficient of determination (R2), Durbin-Watson statistic (DW), and its applicability to the data for all three breeds. There were statistically significant (P<0.05) differences among Awassi, Morkaraman and Tushin breeds in accordance with a, b and c parameters and peak yield. The Awassi breed had the highest peak yield and the Morkaraman and Tushin breeds had statistically similar lower peak yields. There were no significant differences among the parameters of the WD model except for peak yield and peak time in accordance with parities. Breed and parity interaction was significant (P<0.05) only for peak yield.
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Clarke, J. M., and R. M. DePauw. "Residue production of semidwarf and conventional wheat genotypes." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 73, no. 3 (1993): 769–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps93-099.
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Crop residues are important components of conservation tillage systems, but little information is available on genotypic differences in residue production, particularly with regard to the differences between semidwarf and conventional (tall) genotypes. The objective of this research was to determine the influence of genotype and environment on height and non-grain residue production of semidwarf and conventional-height wheat (Triticum spp.). Locally adapted semidwarf and conventional height common (T. aestivum L.) and durum (T. turgidum L. var. durum) wheat genotypes were grown in up to three environments (fallow, irrigation, and stubble) during the years 1983 to 1988, and 1991. Residue yields of semidwarf and conventional genotypes, and of short and tall conventional genotypes, were compared within and between wheat classes. Within classes, residue yield of semidwarf genotypes tended to be lower (P < 0.05) than that of conventional genotypes. Residue yield of the semidwarf HY320 from the high yielding Canada Prairie Spring class was similar to that of the conventional Canada Western Red Spring cultivar Neepawa. Within the conventional height group, the tallest genotypes tended to have higher residue yields than the shortest genotypes, although the differences were not consistent. Residue yield differences among genotypes were associated with variation in grain yield, plant height, and harvest index. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., T. turgidum L. var. durum, harvest index, plant height.
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Wei, Shengbao, Anchun Peng, Jing Liu, Dongxian Wei, and Changqing Chen. "Asymmetric Differences in the Effects of Average Air Temperature and Solar Radiation on Early Rice and Late Rice Yield." Atmosphere 12, no. 12 (2021): 1541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12121541.
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China is the world’s largest rice producer. Thus, the stability of rice production plays a decisive role in food security. Among the types of rice, double rice (including early rice and late rice) accounts for the largest proportion of rice in China. Climate change is widely expected to affect rice yields. Studying the response of double rice yield to climate change will benefit strategic decisions related to future crop adaptation. In this paper, the relationship between climate factors and the yield of double rice during 1992–2013 in south China was analysed to determine the responses of double rice yield to climate change. The results showed that the daily average air temperature during the early rice and late rice growing seasons increased by 0.34 °C and 0.68 °C, 0.29 °C and 0.67 °C, and 0.11 °C and 0.31 °C per 10-year period in the northern subtropical zone (NST), middle subtropical zone (MST) and south subtropical zone (SST), respectively, in the last 20 years. The change trend in solar radiation was not obvious, but it fluctuated greatly. A 1 °C increase in average air temperatures decreased early rice yield by 5.36% and 2.16% in SST and MST, respectively; decreased late rice yield by 0.75% and 1.43% in MST and NST, respectively; and increased late rice yield by 3.93% in SST. A solar radiation increases of 100 MJ m−2 increased early rice yield by 1.02%, 1.54% and 1.71% in SST, MST and NST, respectively, and decreased late rice yield by 0.89% in SST. We found that annual average temperatures of 17.3 °C and 18.6 °C were the early rice and late rice yield variation thresholds, respectively; in addition, above the background temperature in south China, the early rice yield will decrease and the late rice yield will increase.
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Oliveira, J. S., H. E. Brown, A. Gash, and D. J. Moot. "An Explanation of Yield Differences in Three Potato Cultivars." Agronomy Journal 108, no. 4 (2016): 1434–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj2015.0486.
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Brink, Geoffrey E., and Michael D. Casler. "Yield and Nutritive Value Differences Among Cool-Season Grasses." Forage & Grazinglands 10, no. 1 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/fg-2012-0619-01-rs.
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Figgis, Benjamin, and Amir Abdallah. "Investigation of PV yield differences in a desert climate." Solar Energy 194 (December 2019): 136–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2019.10.044.
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Ibrahim, Mahmoud E., Said M. Abdel-Aal, Ahmed S. Hussein, and Naged A. Gafar. "Technological, rheological and yield differences among Egyptian wheat varieties." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 91, no. 5 (2010): 831–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4254.
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Diekmann, F., and G. Fischbeck. "Differences in Wheat Cultivar Response to N Supply. I: Differences in Grain Yield Formation." Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 191, no. 5 (2005): 351–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-037x.2005.00165.x.
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Abdalbagi, Salma I., and Maarouf I. Mohammed. "Assessing Ethanol Yield from Fermented Juice of Local and Exotic Sweet Sorghum Varieties Grown in Sudan." Journal of Horticulture and Plant Research 12 (March 2021): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/jhpr.12.11.
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An experiment was conducted in 2017 at Alwaha Project, Khartoum State to study the potential of ethanol yield from fermented juice of local and exotic sweet sorghums. 40 genotypes were arranged in RCB design. Juice yield, ethanol yield as percentage of fermented juice, actual and theoretical ethanol yields were studied. The Baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was used in the fermentation process. ANOVA tests, correlation and regression analysis of actual vs theoretical ethanol yield were performed. Significant differences were detected among genotypes for ethanol yields. High ethanol yields as percentage from fermented juice were obtained, but ethanol yield per hectare was relatively low due to low juice yields. The genotypes BlueRibbon and KensasCollies from exotic materials; 5AbjSG51 and S.154 Ab70 from local materials were identified as promising for ethanol production. Correlation between actual ethanol yield and Juice yield was positive and highly significant. Regression analysis indicated that theoretical ethanol yield was little bit overestimated. It was concluded that juice yield is more crucial than ethanol concentration in maximizing ethanol yield of sweet sorghum. More efforts are needed to develop high juice-yielding genotypes. Juice maximization can also be achieved by using efficient milling devices and optimizing cultural practices.
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Doreau, Michel, Sylviane Boulot, Jean-Pierre Barlet, and Philippe Patureau-Mirand. "Yield and composition of milk from lactating mares: effect of lactation stage and individual differences." Journal of Dairy Research 57, no. 4 (1990): 449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029900029496.
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SummaryThe yields and composition of milk from nursing mares were studied during the first two months of lactation in 11 mares of heavy breeds (784 kg). Daily yield increased from 21·7 to 24·6 kg between weeks 1 and 8 of lactation. Fat, protein, gross energy and Ca concentrations significantly decreased when lactose content increased during this period. Individual variations were higher for yield than for composition. Casein, whey protein and non-protein N (56, 34 and 10% of crude protein, respectively) and amino acid composition did not vary between weeks 1 and 8 of lactation.
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Dyulgerov, N., and B. Dyulgerova. "HERITABILITY AND GENETIC ADVANCE OF YIELD AND YIELD RELATED TRAITS IN WINTER FEED BARLEY VARIETIES." Trakia Journal of Sciences 18, Suppl.1 (2020): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2020.s.01.008.
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A field experiment was conducted at the Institute of Agriculture – Karnobat, Southeastern Bulgaria in three growing seasons. Twenty barley varieties were laid out in a complete block design with 4 replications. Variability, heritability and genetic advance for yield-related traits and grain yield were studied. There were significant differences among varieties for all studied traits including grain yield. Heritability in broad sense ranged from 10.10% for grain yield to 94.60% for spike length. High heritability estimates and genetic advance as percent of mean was computed for spike length and 1000 grain weight. Besides, genotypic coefficient of variance and phenotypic coefficient of variance had low differences for these characters. Therefore, these traits could be easily improved by selection. Grain yields of the check varieties Veslets and Izgrev were 5.27 t/ha and 5.09 t/ha, respectively. The varieties that performed better than the checks for grain yield were PA86-49-95 (6.43 t/ha), Bojin (6.01 t/ha), and Express (5.90 t/ha). Hence, using these varieties in the breeding program of winter feed barley could lead to the improvement of grain yield.
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Lee, Kyu-Jong, Dong-Jin Kim, Ho-Young Ban, and Byun-Woo Lee. "Genotypic Differences in Yield and Yield-related Elements of Rice under Elevated Air Temperature Conditions." Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 17, no. 4 (2015): 306–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5532/kjafm.2015.17.4.306.
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Papakosta, Despo K. "Analysis of Wheat Cultivar Differences in Grain Yield, Grain Nitrogen Yield and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency." Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 172, no. 5 (1994): 305–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-037x.1994.tb00181.x.
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Karamanos, R. E., D. N. Flaten, and F. C. Stevenson. "Real differences – A lesson from an agronomist's perspective." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 94, no. 2 (2014): 433–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2013-1681.
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Karamanos, R., Flaten, D. N. and Stevenson, F. C. 2014. Real differences – Lessons from an agronomist's perspective. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 433–437. An experiment including a two penny treatment and an untreated check was established to show that implausible differences can be a statistical reality. An individual crop by location analysis showed that two pennies significantly (P<0.05) increased canola yield at one of the 19 locations, nearly (0.05<P<0.18) affected canola yield at one other location. A combined mixed model analysis showed that canola yield significantly increased by a small amount (0.1 t ha−1) with two pennies, whereas, a similar mixed model that accounted for residual variance heterogeneity showed that two pennies did not affect crop yield. Our results confirmed that the effect of a treatment not expected to cause a meaningful difference can be detected The results also highlight the importance of modeling all sources of variance, designing more efficient experiments, scrutinizing the size of treatment differences, and choosing an appropriate level of significance to ensure that only real differences are detected.
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Alam, S. M., and A. R. Azmi. "Genotypic Differences in Rice Yield Potential and N, P, and K in Leaves." International Rice Research Newsletter 15, no. 5 (1990): 8–9. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7214558.
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This article 'Genotypic Differences in Rice Yield Potential and N, P, and K in Leaves' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.
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Verrelli, David I., and Adam R. Kilcullen. "Normal Stress Differences and Yield Stresses in Attractive Particle Networks." Advances in Condensed Matter Physics 2016 (2016): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1716598.
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The nature of attractive particulate networks, yield stresses, and normal stress differences is systematically reviewed, each in terms of the relevant definitions, underlying mechanisms, and current measurement techniques. With this foundation, experimental observations of normal stress differences in some suspensions and colloidal systems are surveyed, along with constitutive models that allow for normal stress differences to arise prior to yielding. Yield stresses are a hallmark of attractive colloidal systems and vital in their processing. In contrast, little attention has been given to the role of normal stress differences in these systems. The presence or absence of normal stress differences necessarily affects the isotropy of the normal stress field through the solid particulate phase (treated as a continuum), in turn affecting estimation of yield stress. Given the importance of yield stresses in dealing with practical industrial problems, and in understanding fundamental behaviours, it is important to ensure that yield measurements can be relied upon.