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1
Knowles, Harvey C. The dividend investor: A safe and sure way to beat the market with high-yield dividend stocks. London: Irwin Professional Publishing, 1992.
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3
To the tyrants never yield: A Texas Civil War sampler. Plano, Tex: Wordware Pub., Regional Division, 1992.
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4
Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders Regimental Association., ed. "A Cameron never can yield": A prisoner of war's escape from Germany to Gibraltar. Inverness: Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders Regimental Association, 1999.
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5
Pallo, George S. When flesh yields to steel: A true story about WWII. Park Hills, MO: G.S. Pallo, 1999.
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6
The mix & match guide to companion planting: An easy, organic way to deter pests, prevent disease, improve flavor, and increase yields in your vegetable garden. Berkeley [CA]: Ten Speed Press, 2014.
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7
Peterson's. Peterson's Merchandising Kit: Another Great Way to Increase Your Yield. Peterson's Guides, 1998.
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8
Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority., Santa Cruz Metropolitan Transit District, and California. Dept. of the California Highway Patrol., eds. Report to the legislature: California Vehicle Code (CVC) Section 21810 : "yield-to-bus" program. [Sacramento?: California Highway Patrol, 2002.
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9
The Dividend Investor: A Safe and Sure Way to Beat the Market with High-Yield Dividend Stocks. Probus Pub Co, 1995.
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10
Young, Kevin R. To the Tyrants Never Yield: A Texas Civil War Sampler. Republic of Texas, 1991.
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11
Taylor, Kenneth A. Meaning Diminished. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803447.001.0001.
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This book examines the dialectical role of semantic analysis within metaphysical inquiry. It argues that semantic analysis ought to be modest in its metaphysical pretensions in the sense that linguistic and conceptual analysis should not be expected to yield deep insight into either what exists or the nature of what exists. The argument turns on distinctions among narrowly linguistic semantics in the generative tradition and two varieties of broadly philosophical semantics which correspond to broad approaches to semantically infused metaphysical inquiry. In particular it distinguishes ideational semantics and metaphysical inquiry via the way of ideas, on the one hand, from referential semantics and metaphysical inquiry via the way of reference, on the other. It is argued that foundational assumptions of the generative framework are insufficient on their own to support the drawing of metaphysically immodest conclusions from the narrowly semantic premises. But it is shown that if we are determined to bridge the gap between narrowly semantic premise and metaphysical conclusion, we must augment our semantics with additional metasemantic premises. Such additional premises may come either from ideationalist or referentialist metasemantics. A number of arguments for preferring referential metasemantics over ideational metasemantics are offered. It is argued pursuing referentialist metasemantics as opposed to ideationalist metasemantics yields a semantics that is metaphysically modest. Finally it is argued that metaphysically modest should regarded as a feature rather than a bug of a semantic theory, one that serves to bring semantics into closer alignment with the special sciences generally.
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Waldron, Jeremy. Deep Morality and the Laws of War. Edited by Seth Lazar and Helen Frowe. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199943418.013.1.
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It is important to reflect on the way we evaluate the laws and customs of armed conflict and the responsibilities we take on when we criticize and propose possible changes to them. These laws are not robust, and there is a danger that criticism may undermine their force while not providing effective alternatives. Moreover, in the area of armed conflict, it is easy to underestimate the pressures that a satisfactory set of norms has to respond to and easy to exaggerate the “merely” conventional character of such norms. Laws of war must be administrable in circumstances of fear, confusion, and violence and must include elements of technicality difficult to understand in philosophical terms. One of the most influential of recent laws of war revisionists, Jeff McMahan, acknowledges that his deep moral critique of existing norms of armed conflict does not necessarily yield a set of prescriptions for legal reform. This chapter extends McMahan’s and counsels the utmost caution in these critiques and re-examinations.
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Reny, Marie-Eve. Containment and Authoritarian Regime Resilience. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190698089.003.0006.
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Containment enables church leaders to secure themselves space for the informal practice of religion outside state institutions. It also minimizes the risks that churches are punished for avoiding the central government’s regulations on religious affairs. Yet the strategy yields uneven benefits for unregistered churches and the local state. This chapter accounts for how containment contributes to the resilience of China’s authoritarian regime. It depoliticizes house church leaders, feeds divisions between compliant and dissident church leaders, and generates information about unregistered churches that ultimately makes local governance less co-optive and less coercive. It then discusses the circumstances in which containment might not yield its intended outcome, that is, empower house churches in ways that unsettle the regime.
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Miller, Henry. Petitioning and Demonstrating. Edited by David Brown, Gordon Pentland, and Robert Crowcroft. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198714897.013.14.
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Despite being the most popular and accessible form of political activity among ordinary people, petitioning has received remarkably little attention from modern British historians. This chapter focuses on what gains in understanding such attention might yield. First, the historical study of petitions and demonstrations underlines the fact that popular politics was not always coterminous with party or electoral politics. Second, petitions provide a way to break down the barriers between high and low or elite and popular politics and offer a lens through which to study the transnational and imperial dimension of British political culture. Finally, the chapter looks to future directions and argues that quantitative and geographic mapping techniques offer the potential to inject a new, and long overdue, quantitative rigour into the study of modern British political history.
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Stuart, Susan A. J. Feeling Our Way. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190210465.003.0003.
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Every action, touch, utterance, and look, every listening, taste, smell, and feel is a living question. But it is no ordinary propositional one-by-one question, rather it is a plenisentient sensing and probing non-propositional enquiry about how our world is and how we anticipate its becoming. Using the notion of enkinaesthesia, this paper explores the ways in which an agent’s affectively saturated coengagement with its world establishes patterns of co-articulation of meaning within the anticipatory affective dynamics and the experiential entanglement necessary for expedient action and adaptation. An amplification and extension of the claims made by the most radical of the embodied mind theories transcends minimalist notions of embodiment and yields a new wave of embodiment theory. This suggests an immanent intercorporeality where the living being of other agents is experienced by us directly, without cognitive mediation.
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Steinmo, Sven. Historical Institutionalism and Experimental Methods. Edited by Orfeo Fioretos, Tulia G. Falleti, and Adam Sheingate. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199662814.013.6.
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Although a core insight of historical institutionalism (HI) is that history affects actors’ beliefs, values and preferences, it is difficult to test these propositions directly. This chapter argues that one way of testing HI theories is to integrate some of the methods and techniques of experimental social science. Using experimental methods, historical institutionalism can better explain how specific institutional structures, decision-making processes, and historical contexts frame individual choices and shape the broader ecology of political decisions. A combination of diverse research traditions and methodologies can illuminate the dynamic relationships between ideas, interests and institutions that yield variation in policies and preferences across cultures and over time.
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Schweitzer, Stuart O., and Z. John Lu. Patent Protection. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190623784.003.0012.
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Patent protection, innovation, and profitability are all intimately connected in the pharmaceutical industry. Without patent protection there would be no marketing exclusivity, and competitors would immediately enter any market where there was a new successful drug, eventually driving price down to the marginal production cost. Future R&D would never take place because there would be no way for firms to earn a yield on those investments in developing new pharmaceuticals. Patents, however, entail societal cost, because they raise the diffusion cost of knowledge and makes some innovative drugs prohibitively expensive in the short run. This chapter examines key patent laws applicable to the pharmaceutical industry, including category, duration, scope, infringement, and ground for challenge, both in the United States and in other advanced economies. Examples of strategic behavior by branded and generic firms are discussed. The chapter also provides a review of recent literature critical of the patent system.
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Das, Nirmalendu, Alok Roy, Bimal Bhushan Chakraborty, Debasish Borah, and Anuradha Roy Choudhury. Recent Advances in Material Synthesis. Edited by Sudip Choudhury. Glasstree, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.20850/9781716589263.
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The area of material synthesis is a rapidly developing field of research which enables scientists not only to discover the high yield, cost effective or environment friendly methods , but also providing them some new opportunities to work in the world of nano science. The green approaches in one hand are the alternative way to synthesize the material by minimizing the wastes as well as toxic substances, on the other hand the synthesis of nanoparticles has gained tremendous attention owing to their many fold applications in various fields. This book is designed to give the readers an outline of some of the very special topics from current prospective of different approaches for material synthesis.
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James, Aaron. Constructivism, Intuitionism, and Ecumenism. Edited by Serena Olsaretti. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199645121.013.28.
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Constructivism and intuitionism are often seen as opposed methods of justification in political philosophy. An “ecumenical” view sees them as different but unopposed: each style of reasoning can yield fundamental principles, for different questions of distributive justice, and we can rightly take up different questions, with different, equally valid, theoretical objectives, in hopes of cultivating a thousand blooming flowers. This chapter develops this position with special interest in Rawls’s constructivism, his treatment of reflective equilibrium, self-evidence, and “moral geometry,” and his evolving dialogue with the intuitionist Henry Sidgwick. Rawls’s main difference from Sidgwick lies in the way he frames the question of right or justice in the first instance. This brings out both the possibility and the attractions of the ecumenist conception in political philosophy.
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Zelazo, Philip David. Developmental Psychology. Edited by Philip David Zelazo. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199958474.013.0001.
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ThisHandbooksurveys what is now known about psychological development from birth to biological maturity, and it reflects the emergence of a new synthetic approach to developmental science that is based on several theoretical and methodological commitments. According to this new view: (1) psychological phenomena are usefully studied at multiple levels of analysis; (2) psychological development depends on neural plasticity, which extends across the lifespan; (3) the effect of any particular influence on psychological development will depend on the context in which it occurs; (4) psychological phenomena, and developmental changes in psychological phenomena, typically reflect multiple, simultaneous causal influences; and (5) these causal influences are often reciprocal. Research based on this synthetic approach provides new insights into the way in which processes operating at many levels of analysis (cultural, social, cognitive, neural, and molecular) work together to yield human behavior and changes in human behavior.
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Kahn, Leonard. Liability to Deadly Force in War. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190495657.003.0002.
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Both traditional just war theorists (or conventionalists) and revisionists (or anticonventionalists) rely heavily on theories of rights in their arguments about the permissibility of killing in war. However, invoking absolute or very strong rights can lead to claims that are coarse-grained and can yield conclusions that are implausible. This chapter suggests a theory of the permissibility of killing in war inspired by W. D. Ross’s prima facie duties, including strong but defeasible presumptions against killing. This theory, which is called minimal Rossianism, avoids some implausibly strict implications of rights theory and allows for greater nuance in judgments of killing in war.
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Rumfitt, Ian, and Bradley Armour-Garb. The Liar without Truth. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199896042.003.0008.
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Liar sentences say nothing, according to this chapter—which, it claims, we can, in effect, prove. But extending the proof as the chapter does appears to result in revenge. The solution to this problem is to restrict the laws of logic by distinguishing expressing a falsehood from failing to express a truth. But the question that presses is how we can signify that a given sentence—a liar sentence, for example—fails to express a truth without being mired in paradox. To this end, the chapter revisits the sort of bilateral system that Rumfitt (2000) has discussed. The chapter shows that there is a way of developing Aristotle’s conception of truth into a definition of truth that does not yield a contradiction, even when applied to a semantically closed language. If successful, the proposal will enable us to reject a Strengthened Liar as untrue without asserting its negation.
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Borsboom, Denny. Mental disorders, network models, and dynamical systems. Edited by Kenneth S. Kendler and Josef Parnas. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198796022.003.0011.
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Network approaches have been proposed as an alternative way of thinking about relations between symptoms of mental disorders. Unlike traditional psychometric approaches, network models view these associations as the result of direct interactions between symptoms. Disorders are defined as alternative stable states of a network due to increased connectivity between symptoms. This increased connectivity creates a pattern of reinforcement, so the system can get stuck in a state of prolonged activation. Mental health is defined as the stable state of a weakly connected network. Although symptomatology may be temporarily increased in a healthy network (e.g., due to adverse life events), as the influence of a shock wanes the network will spontaneously return to its healthy state. Strongly connected networks, however, may transition into disordered states upon similar external shocks, and may not naturally recover. Thus, the proposed definitions yield plausible conceptualizations of resilience and vulnerability.
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Cooper, Alan. Biblical Studies and Jewish Studies. Edited by Martin Goodman. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199280322.013.0002.
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This article examines two commentaries on Leviticus, Jews in the mainstream, biblical versus post-biblical literature, and the pre-critical, critical, and post-critical stances. It describes two particular developments within biblical studies that may be ascribed to the influence of Jewish biblical scholarship. Both of them, broadly speaking, entail the recognition that the Bible (that is, the Tanakh) is a Jewish book, and both therefore legitimate the study of the Bible in its Jewish contexts. This view of the Bible is both a point of entry for Jewish scholars into critical biblical scholarship, and also the potential meeting-ground for biblical scholars with their colleagues in Jewish studies. Interaction between specialists in those fields may yield important new insights into the formation of the Jewish Bible, and into the way the Bible, in turn, has served to shape Jewish mentalities and communities throughout the ages.
25
Fisch, Adam J. Neuroanatomy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190259587.001.0001.
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Neuroanatomy: Draw It to Know It, Second Edition teaches neuroanatomy in a purely kinaesthetic way. In using this resource, each neuroanatomical pathway and structure is learned by drawing, and through this process, memorable and reproducible schematics for the various learning points in neuroanatomy are created in a hands-on, enjoyable, and highly effective manner. In addition to this unique method, this resource also provides a remarkable repository of reference materials, including numerous anatomic and radiographic brain images, muscle-testing photographs, and illustrations from many other classic texts, which all enhance the learning experience. This new edition adds "Know-It" points to each chapter, providing high-yield learning methods that separate the essential from the advanced topics. It engages the reader in a direct manner while covering both the advanced level of detail needed as well as retaining the simplistic approach used in learning this challenging subject.
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Britt, Brian M. Remembering Narrative in Deuteronomy. Edited by Danna Nolan Fewell. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199967728.013.12.
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The narrative of Deuteronomy contains Moses’s farewell speech, which in turn encompasses retrospective and prospective history, legal instruction, and covenant ritual. Past, present, and future thus merge within a larger narrative frame that unobtrusively records and performs acts of memory that give the book coherence. This chapter surveys scholarship on the narrative of Deuteronomy and proposes the category of memory as a way to integrate the book’s elements. Historical criticism, literary scholarship, sociopolitical approaches, and reception history all agree that Deuteronomy has a complex narrative structure with a fairly straightforward message. The questions that remain are whether and how such a complex text can yield such a clear purpose. A historically contextualized reading of Deuteronomy, attentive to repetitions, injunctions to remember, and the framing statement “I call heaven and earth to witness against you today” (4:26; 30:19), shows how acts of memory lend coherence to the book’s complex narrative.
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Fisch, Adam. Neuroanatomy. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199845712.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Neuroanatomy: Draw It to Know It, Second Edition teaches neuroanatomy in a purely kinaesthetic way. In using this resource, each neuroanatomical pathway and structure is learned by drawing, and through this process, memorable and reproducible schematics for the various learning points in neuroanatomy are created in a hands-on, enjoyable, and highly effective manner. In addition to this unique method, this resource also provides a remarkable repository of reference materials, including numerous anatomic and radiographic brain images, muscle-testing photographs, and illustrations from many other classic texts, which all enhance the learning experience. This new edition adds "Know-It" points to each chapter, providing high-yield learning methods that separate the essential from the advanced topics. It engages the reader in a direct manner while covering both the advanced level of detail needed as well as retaining the simplistic approach used in learning this challenging subject.
28
Öztürk, Balkız, and Eser Erguvanlı Taylan. Omnipresent little v in Pazar Laz. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198767886.003.0009.
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This study argues that in Pazar Laz, an endangered South-Caucasian language spoken in Turkey, all eventive verbal predicates, including both unergatives and unaccusatives, pattern as transitives syntactically, involving a subject and an object position. Thus, there are no syntactic differences between transitives, unergatives, and unaccusatives. The chapter argues that this pattern correlates with the voice system in the language. While it lacks the voice phenomena associated with passives, middles, and anticausatives, Pazar Laz exhibits a three-way voice system involving Initiator (Actor) Voice, Undergoer (Object) Voice, and Active Impersonal Voice, which yield transitive constructions retaining both the subject and the object positions in syntax. The voice system is shown to be in line with Pazar Laz being a very conservative example of Initiation-language à la Ritter & Rosen (2000), who present a typology of languages, depending on whether the language defines an event based on its initial bound or its terminal bound.
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Wilde, Oscar. The Picture of Dorian Gray. Edited by Joseph Bristow. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199535989.001.0001.
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‘The only way to get rid of a temptation is to yield to it.’ When Dorian Gray has his portrait painted, he is captivated by his own beauty. Tempted by his world-weary, decadent friend Lord Henry Wotton, he wishes to stay forever young, and pledges his very soul to keep his good looks. Set in fin-de-siécle London, the novel traces a path from the studio of painter Basil Hallward to the opium dens of the East End. As Dorian's slide into crime and cruelty progresses he stays magically youthful, while his beautiful portrait changes, revealing the hideous corruption of moral decay. Ever since its first publication in 1890 Wilde's only novel has remained the subject of critical controversy. Acclaimed by some as an instructive moral tale, it has been denounced by others for its implicit immorality. Combining elements of the supernatural, aestheticism, and the Gothic, The Picture of Dorian Gray is an unclassifiable and uniquely unsettling work of fiction.
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Neri, Giovanni, Luigi Boccuto, and Roger E. Stevenson, eds. Overgrowth Syndromes. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190944896.001.0001.
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This book provides comprehensive details on a number of well-defined genetic disorders and a selection of less well-defined entities that include somatic overgrowth as a major manifestation. In addition to overgrowth, these syndromes each have their own distinguishing characteristics that benefit the clinician in making a specific diagnosis. In most cases, the causative genes are known, giving a means of laboratory confirmation of the diagnoses. A major distinction from other hereditary syndromes is a predisposition of patients with the overgrowth syndromes to develop neoplasms during childhood. In some cases, the overgrowth seems to be limited, even to the extent that some growth parameters may return to the normal range by adulthood. In other cases, the overgrowth is notable throughout life. In recent years, both the generalized and the segmental overgrowth syndromes have begun to yield their secrets to molecular technologies. These studies have provided clinicians a way to confirm the specific diagnosis so they can provide appropriate counseling and anticipatory management. In the case of segmental overgrowth disorders, they have also established their mosaic nature, which explains the sporadic occurrence and marked phenotype variability.
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Macaskill, Grant. Intellectual Humility and the Reading of Scripture. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799856.003.0009.
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This chapter examines the place of intellectual humility within the lives of Christian communities as they read and yield to the teaching of Scripture. The discussion acknowledges that intellectual humility must be set deliberately against the intellectual arrogance that comes naturally to us, and recognizes that Christian communities collectively, and individuals within them, can often evince a vicious arrogance that needs to be challenged. This acknowledgement arises from the recognition that the Christian community itself is the object of divine critique in Scripture. The chapter considers two themes, in particular, that are consistently at the heart of the critiques that the New Testament writers bring to their reading communities: syncretism and legalism. These words designate persistent ways of thinking about God and his word that the community must abandon as they yield their minds in service. The chapter will also consider the particular need for intellectual humility within Christian leadership.
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Bazrafkan, Azernoosh, and Alexia Herwig. Risk, Responsibility, and Fairness in International Investment Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198795896.003.0013.
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International investment agreements (IIAs) accommodate two framings of risk in need of mitigation: political risks and risks of physical externalities. The chapter discloses that there is no consistency in the finer-grained framing of these risks in arbitral awards, and analyses these framings from the perspective of the fair and equitable treatment (FET) standard. It is argued that the requirements of fairness and equity call for a just distribution of systemic risks, which IIAs create. It must be ensured that IIAs yield greater ex ante benefits than risks for each stakeholder. The implication is twofold: governmental regulation necessary to protect human rights can never give rise to a right to damages under FET for frustration of expectations and good faith imperfections in regulations by developing countries must be tolerable insofar as emerging development is the constitutive reason for why foreign investment is likely to yield higher ex ante benefits than risks to investors.
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Phillips, Katharine A. Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders. Edited by Christopher Pittenger. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228163.003.0048.
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The category of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders (OCRDs) is new to DSM-5 and was one of the more interesting, potentially impactful changes in the revised manual. The new DSM-5 chapter contains OCD, body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), hoarding disorder, trichotillomania (hair-pulling disorder), and excoriation (skin-picking) disorder. The addition of the new OCRD chapter to DSM-5, and grouping these disorders together, has diagnostic, clinical, and research implications. This chapter reviews why and how this new category was added to DSM-5, considers whether this grouping of disorders is correct, and examines the pros and cons of the change. The introduction OCRDs in DSM-5 had wide support. However, the current classification is not perfect, and much more research is needed to establish veridical relationships among disorders. In the meantime, it is hoped that these changes to DSM-5 yield advances in research and improvements in patient care.
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Legaspi, Michael C. The School of Solomon. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190885120.003.0007.
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Aristobulus and the author of Wisdom of Solomon conceived of wisdom in much the same way that earlier Greek, non-Jewish thinkers did: as knowledge of the whole—of things human, cosmic, and divine—which underlies, requires, and informs the life of virtue. Moreover, they readily identified sophia with wisdom as found in the Jewish scriptures, especially in the figure of Solomon and in the Pentateuchal narratives. Their engagement with the scriptures yields a wisdom program centered on rational monotheism, virtue, and the hope of immortality. This program, however, was also characterized by a strong emphasis on the national form of wisdom. In its capacity as ruling knowledge, wisdom must also belong to human leaders. Understanding wisdom in these terms, as that which brings the metaphysical, cosmic, social, and personal into harmony, Hellenistic Jews commended their way of life to the nations.
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Brunsson, Nils. Reform as Routine. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198296706.001.0001.
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Large contemporary organizations seem to be in an almost continual state of change. Whether in public or private organizations, managers are trying to implement new organizational forms, introduce new procedures or systems, or change the attitudes of employees. Such reforms often yield disappointing results, and so new reforms are deemed necessary. This book considers why reform takes place. It looks at why reforms occur when they do, what their consequences are, and the role of social intuitions, public discourse, reform models, fashions, and hope. The text draws on both European and American traditions to develop a distinctive voice and stance.
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Schellenberg, Susanna. The Unity of Perception. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827702.001.0001.
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Perception is our key to the world. It plays at least three different roles in our lives. It justifies beliefs and provides us with knowledge of our environment. It brings about conscious mental states. It converts informational input, such as light and sound waves, into representations of invariant features in our environment. Corresponding to these three roles, there are at least three fundamental questions that have motivated the study of perception. How does perception justify beliefs and yield knowledge of our environment? How does perception bring about conscious mental states? How does a perceptual system accomplish the feat of converting varying informational input into mental representations of invariant features in our environment? This book develops a unified account of the phenomenological and epistemological role of perception that is informed by empirical research. So it develops an account of perception that provides an answer to the first two questions, while being sensitive to scientific accounts that address the third question. The key idea is that perception is constituted by employing perceptual capacities—for example the capacity to discriminate instances of red from instances of blue. Perceptual content, consciousness, and evidence are each analyzed in terms of this basic property of perception. Employing perceptual capacities constitutes phenomenal character as well as perceptual content. The primacy of employing perceptual capacities in perception over their derivative employment in hallucination and illusion grounds the epistemic force of perceptual experience. In this way, the book provides a unified account of perceptual content, consciousness, and evidence.
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Roshwald, Aviel. Europe’s Civil Wars, 1941–1949. Edited by Nicholas Doumanis. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199695669.013.30.
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A number of the conflicts that wracked European countries under Axis-power occupation during the Second World War can be understood as civil wars. This analytical prism should be seen as complementing rather than replacing the more conventional pairing of collaboration and resistance. The three European cases from this period that best fit conventional notions of civil war in terms of the intensity and duration of fighting among co-nationals are Greece, Yugoslavia, and Italy. A comparative analysis can yield insights into the complex interplay of historical continuities and ruptures, and of nationalist and internationalist frames of reference, in shaping the agendas and choices of participants in these violent struggles.
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Hellman, Geoffrey, and Stewart Shapiro. Scorecard. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198712749.003.0008.
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The study concludes with a brief sketch of different accounts of continuity: punctiform, intuitionistic, smooth, predicative, etc., and indicates the extent to which each captures several long-standing features that have been attributed to continuous entities. No one theory captures them all and, indeed, no one theory can capture them all. The leading intuitive properties of the continuous exhibit tensions with one another, and, it is submitted, pertain to a concept that is more up for sharpening in various incompatible ways, rather than one that would yield to more traditional, univocal philosophical analysis.
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Sorensen, Roy. Spectacular Absences. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198722304.003.0006.
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Whereas the positive tourist travels to see what is there, the negative tourist travels to see what is not there. Travel he must, because the absences are only visible at specific sites. Tourist agencies promote the visibility of these spectacles with pointers, telescopes, and helicopter rides. Other parties try to render the absences invisible. For instance, after the theft of the Mona Lisa in 1911, crowds thronged to the Louvre to view its absence. Curators eventually filled the gap by shuffling the order of the ambient paintings. Efforts to erase the absence sometimes yield new ways to perceive the absence. Once the suppresser detects the backfire, he attempts another erasure. Since this may itself backfire (thanks to the machinations of the friends of the absence) an arms race develops. This tug of war helps us to articulate the conditions under which absences are visible—and invisible.
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Breuilly, John. Hobsbawm and Researching the History of Nationalism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198768784.003.0005.
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Hobsbawm’s work on nationalism has three successive phases, which reflect how the subject has been approached by others. In the first phase, nationalism was subordinated to Marxist class analysis. The second phase, is marked by a spate of studies on nationalism as inventing or imagining nations. Hobsbawm’s key contribution was as co-editor of The Invention of Tradition. In the third phase, nationalism was treated as ‘identity politics’, as one finds in some of Hobsbawm’s later works. These approaches yield diminishing results. Class analysis makes nationalism an epiphenomenon; treating nationalism as an invention detaches it from social reality; identity politics turns it into social psychology. Yet Hobsbawm’s global perspective, his treatment of nationalism as an ideology, and his concern with ‘history from below’ represent three promising new avenues for nationalism research.
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Chai, Leon. Life and Death in Paris. Edited by Paul Hamilton. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696383.013.36.
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This chapter charts the debates in the Romantic period on medicine and its related life sciences. Medicine seemed the most promising candidate to generate advances; or, at least, the rationalization of the vital by medical science could be taken further than by other sciences. The more empirical study of uniquely vital process in Paris would yield more results than the formally more direct but methodologically immature confrontation of the vital by Paris’s main rival, Montpellier. Paris maintained controversy within its own approach, and medicine had to reconcile competing hierarchies of form and function. Nonetheless, it was the generative capacity of these initiatives that made what we call nineteenth-century science possible. And that, you might say, was their Romantic legacy.
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Ware, John A. The Direct Historical Approach. Edited by Barbara Mills and Severin Fowles. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199978427.013.4.
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The direct historical approach investigates the past by working backward in time from the known ethnographic present to the unknown pre-colonial past. The approach assumes historical connection between past and present and promises to yield insights into the contingent facts of particular culture histories. Popular in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, especially in the Pueblo Southwest, the direct historical approach was abandoned partly because of its early reliance on Native oral traditions. In recent years, revival of the approach has been hampered by assumptions about colonial impacts and historical disjunctions. This chapter argues that the demise of the direct historical approach was premature and that its revival is essential to a comprehensive understanding of both pre-colonial past and ethnographic present.
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Siddiqi, Asiya. Reading the Records. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199472208.003.0004.
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The marks and signatures of the insolvents recorded in the documents yield a variety of information about modes of self-identification, kinds and degrees of literacy, and income levels. Taking signatures on documents as indexes of literacy—those who were not literate signed with marks of various kinds—we found that a surprisingly large number of petitioners were literate. We also found that the proportion of literate petitioners seemed to go up, indicating a trend towards increasing literacy. This trend may be explained in part by the efforts of official, private, and missionary organizations in Bombay to spread literacy, which was traditionally the preserve of the upper classes and the upper castes. Literacy in English was valued especially highly and corresponds in our study to higher income levels.
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Winter, Stefan. The Nusayris in Medieval Syria. Princeton University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691167787.003.0002.
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This chapter re-examines the early development of the ʻAlawi community and its situation in western Syria in the medieval period in the wider context of what might be termed Islamic provincial history. It starts from the premise that the conventional image of the “Nusayris” has largely been fashioned by elite historical sources whose discourse on nonorthodox groups is a priori negative but which, when read against the grain and compared with other sources, can yield a less essentializing, less conflicting account of the community's development. In particular, the chapter aims to show that the ʻAlawi faith was not the deviant, marginal phenomenon it has retrospectively been made out to be but, on the contrary, constituted, and was treated by the contemporary authorities as, a normal mode of rural religiosity in Syria.
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Peachin, Michael. Lawyers in Administration. Edited by Paul J. du Plessis, Clifford Ando, and Kaius Tuori. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198728689.013.13.
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This chapter provides an introduction to a full study of Roman lawyers in Roman administration. It argues that on the face of it, the presence, or not, of lawyers in Roman administration seems to have been a rather haphazard affair. Conversely, and perhaps even paradoxically, it is plain that legal expertise was indeed very widely and very often present in the Roman administrative apparatus. This makes a complete study of this phenomenon all the more urgent. Such an all-embracing picture of lawyers in administration would not ultimately tell us, beyond doubt, the exact degree to which a rule of law was tangibly established by the Roman state. Nevertheless, a proper synthesis, insofar as this is attainable, would yield a much better taste of what was attempted. For the time being, however, we still lack a comprehensive depiction of lawyers in administration for ancient Rome.
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Gorman, Gráinne S., and Patrick F. Chinnery. Mitochondrial diseases. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199658602.003.0011.
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This chapter critiques ten seminal papers that epitomize the advent and evolution of mitochondrial medicine from the latter half of the last century up until today. These important bodies of work span the pre-molecular and molecular eras, from when diagnostic yield was based on meticulous clinical and biochemical characterization of patients, up until now, with targeted next-generation sequencing revolutionizing our diagnostic approach. The first clinical description of a mitochondrial disorder is reviewed and the subsequent landmark papers that define current clinical and molecular understanding of human diseases caused by inherited disorders of mitochondrial dysfunction are chronicled. The chapter also charts the shift in emphasis from diagnosis to the development of treatments and novel approaches for disease prevention.
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Mauldin, Erin Stewart. Intensifying Production. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190865177.003.0004.
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Wartime damage intensified cotton production among small farmers. The disappearance of livestock, the increase in rates of animal diseases, and the lack of fencing materials meant that more farmers penned stock. Lapses in cultivation reinvigorated the land through crop rotation and vegetative regrowth, but this created false hopes for cotton yields at a time when preexisting debt posed enormous economic risk. The practice of shifting cultivation became less frequent throughout, but the fertilizers used to replace it did not halt erosion or correct soil-nutrient imbalances in the same way. Intensification gradually worsened farmers’ prospects. The environmental changes wrought by the war meant that southerners faced the “reconstruction” of their agricultural landscape without several cornerstones of the antebellum land-use regime. White farmers had to operate within the environmental limitations they had previously been able to circumvent, causing them to abandon food and livestock production in favor of cotton.
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Stern, Simon. Legal and Literary Fictions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190456368.003.0019.
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The term “legal fiction” is often used for doctrines that make the law’s image of the world seem distorted or bizarre. On this view, corporate personhood and civil death are fictional because of their narrative potential: the outlandish premise might yield some as yet unknown result. However, this narrative potential is an ordinary feature of all legal doctrines. If legal fictions resemble literary fictions, that kinship owes more to the ways in which both fictional modes solicit a particular kind of attention than to a shared ability to spin out narrative arrays. To develop these ideas, this chapter considers the doctrine of copyright misuse, the question of whether steamboats are floating inns, the concept of “unnatural narrative” in literary scholarship, and Marcel Duchamp’s Fountain (1917).
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Khanna, Tarun, and Budhaditya Gupta. The Private Provision of Missing Public Goods. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199476084.003.0003.
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This chapter explores the long-standing puzzle of the optimal role and impact of private business in public life based on evidence from a healthcare entrepreneur in India. To realize its goal of delivering affordable, high-quality care to the indigent population in India, Narayana Health (NH) had to address a number of voids created by the absence of supporting market institutions. This was done with entrepreneurial aplomb, sometimes even catalysing governmental action, by becoming a trusted intermediary to providers of all sorts of factor inputs who would otherwise not make their services available. This partial private provision of public infrastructure by NH illustrates how social investments by resource-constrained entrepreneurs in emerging markets can yield both private and public benefits.
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R. Ross, Kenneth, Daniel Jeyaraj, and Todd M. Johnson, eds. Christianity in South and Central Asia. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474439824.001.0001.
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Christianity has had a long, varied history in South and Central Asia. Today, it faces challenges old and new in a rapidly changing and diverse population. Socio-religious crosswinds involving Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, and Islam, along with Communism and Radical Fundamentalism have left lasting impacts upon the region’s societies today. Christianity faces immense struggles, including navigating ingrained social stratification, culturally-accepted discrimination, as well as state-sponsored persecution. Despite the challenges, the gospel of kingdom moves forward through a resilient minority, an opportunistic diaspora, and the rise of indigenous theologies that provide a fresh witness of Christ in revolutionary ways. The future of Christianity in the region is expected to yield new insights into the global impact of the message of Christ.