Academic literature on the topic 'Yogurt production technology'

In Hatay region, production of dairy products whose raw material is known as yogurt is important to increase the durability of yogurt. These products are produced in small-scale enterprises and offered for sale in local markets, and in some enterprises are produced industrially. It is also made by the local people for their own consumption. Dairy products made from yogurt in and around Hatay; Concentrated (torba) Yogurt, Salted Yogurt, Duberke, Labne (labna modavara, junkie, labna mıdabale), Çökelek, Antakya Sürk (Antakya Çökelek) which have geographically indicated, Yogurt Cheese and Butter made from yogurt (yayık butter). In this study, production technology, general characteristics and studies related to the subject of dairy products made from yoghurt were given.

The basis of the technology of functional foods, as is known, is the presence of high content of nutrients, the ability to influence certain parts of the potential consumer. Fermented milk products in this regard are natural representatives of this group. The use of sour milk drinks with phytonutrients of different physical state will contribute not only to additional profits due to the sale of new biologically valuable and very important for public health products, but also to solve such an important problem of all food companies as complex processing of raw materials. related environmental issues. Taking into account the relevance of the topic, research was planned to study the possibility of using a new domestic cryoadditive – cryopowder “Morska Kapusta” in the technology of such a popular sour milk drink as yogurt. Scientific research was conducted in the scientific laboratory of the Department of Milk Technology and Dairy Products of Stepan Gzhytskyi National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies Lviv and in production. Formulations of thermostatic yoghurts (1.5 %) with cryopowder of domestic production “Morska Kapusta” were developed and proposed for industrial production. The technological scheme of production of thermostatic yoghurts (mchzh 1.5 %) with cryopowder of domestic production “Morska Kapusta” is offered. The main organoleptic and technological characteristics of thermostatic yogurts (1.5 %) with cryopowder of domestic production “Morska Kapusta” were studied. Experimental samples of thermostatic yogurts (1.5 % weight) with cryopowder of domestic production “Morska Kapusta” had high levels of all regulatory vitamins. The proposed types of thermostatic yogurts (1.5 %) with cryopowder “Morska Kapusta” are characterized by an increase in the amount of sulfur-containing amino acids (methionine + cystine) and tryptophan, and the lack of limiting amino acids in the combined sample of yogurt indicates an increase in biological value. Prototypes of thermostatic yogurts (1.5 %) with cryopowder of domestic production “Morska Kapusta” retained the technological characteristics and regulatory safety indicators during the standard storage time.

The subject of research – yogurt and pumpkin powder. The purpose of the study – to develop the technology of making yogurt with filler – pumpkin powder. Methods. Standard and practical research methods of dairy products were used. The qualitative indicators of the developed yogurt (sensorial indicators, viscosity, microbiological and toxicological indicators) during storage (15 days) were studied. The results of the study. Modern technologies of yogurt production include the use of various additives to improve the technological properties, as well as quality and texture characteristics. In this work, new technological solutions were developed in the formulations of yogurts without stabilizer with dietary fiber contained in pumpkin meal powder, the acceptability of new types of yogurts was evaluated. The dependence of a rheological indicator - the viscosity of the product depending on the amount of filler - in the storage process is analyzed. It was found that the largest increase in effective viscosity was observed in the sample with the introduction of pumpkin meal powder in the amount of 10 %, and the smallest – in the sample with the introduction of pumpkin meal powder in the amount of 5 %. This is due to the quantitative introduction of pumpkin meal powder into the formulation, which is a good sorbent that promotes a more even distribution of moisture between the particles of crushed plant material, which contributes to the formation of a denser clot. The influence of the filler – pumpkin meal powder on the microbiological parameters of yogurt during storage was determined. Studies of microbiological parameters of the control sample of yogurt classic and experimental samples with pumpkin meal powder during storage (15 days) indicate that the opportunistic and pathogenic microflora are within acceptable values. Toxicological studies have shown that safety indicators developed samples of yogurt with filler – pumpkin meal powder – meet the toxicological requirements for the type of product. Based on research, it is proven that yogurt with a natural filler – pumpkin meal powder retains high quality throughout the storage period. Scope of research results. The results of the research will be used to improve the technology of yogurt production at dairy plants.

Abstract. A research for studying performances (aromatics including colour, taste, smell, texture and its financial benefit) of milk products i.e. yoghurt which used modern technology versus the natural one was conducted at PT Prima Rasa, Denpasar. The research consisted of two treatments (A = modern technology and B = natural technology). The objective of the research were: 1) to study the differences of aromatic and financial benefit of yoghurt with modern technology versus the natural one, 2) to use as a reference in the future on milk products business, and 3) to increase the quantity and quality of yoghurt and income per capita in the Bali Island. In this research, yoghurt production which used modern technology (treatment A) used some ingredients i.e. fresh milk, skimmed milk, starter (imported Lactic Acid Bacteria from Canada) and modern equipments i.e. electric incubator for milk fermentation. While the natural technology (treatment B) used a slightly different ingredients and equipments i.e. non imported starter and non electric incubator (ampel bamboo). The starter used was lactic acid bacteria naturally found in the ampel bamboo as incubator at once. The incubator was covered with aged banana leaf on the fermentation processes. These ingredients and equipments were very easy to find, available through the year and cheap. There were six replicates in each treatment. Data obtained were analyzed with t test and financial benefit was analyzed descriptively. Results of the research showed that yoghurt aromatics which used natural technology was 14.29% significantly higher than modern one but its texture was 20.31% or significantly lower. The differences did not seem to cause difference on the taste between them. The average taste score was the same (7.1), indicating that both treatments had the same taste. The financial benefit of the natural yoghurt was much higher (90.74%) than that of the modern one (127.40% versus 10.80%). Key words: yoghurt, fresh milk, lactic acids bacteria, incubator, ampel bamboo Abstrak. Penelitian untuk mempelajari performans (cita-rasa termasuk: warna, aroma/bau, tekstur, keasaman/rasa asam/pH, dan finansial) suatu produk susu yaitu yogurt yang menggunakan teknologi modern versus alami (bambu ampel) telah dilakukan di PT Perusahaan Prima Rasa, Denpasar. Penelitian ini terdiri atas dua perlakuan (perlakuan A = teknologi modern, dan B = teknologi alami). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk: 1) mempelajari perbedaan cita-rasa dan keuntungan finansial yogurt yang menggunakan teknologi modern dan alami, 2) dipakai sebagai acuan dalam membuat suatu usaha bisnis produk susu dimasa yang akan datang, dan 3) meningkatkan kuantitas dan kualitas yogurt serta pendapatan asli daerah Bali. Dalam penelitian ini pembuatan yogurt yang menggunakan teknologi modern (perlakuan A) menggunakan beberapa bahan-bahan dan alat-alat seperti susu sapi segar, skim, starter (bakteri asam laktat impor dari Kanada dan harganya mahal), inkubator listrik atau steroform untuk pemeramannya. Sedangkan pembuatan yogurt yang menggunakan teknologi alami (perlakuan B) prosesnya hampir sama dengan yang menggunakan teknologi modern, hanya saja tidak menggunakan starter impor dan tidak menggunakan inkubator listrik (menggunakan bamboo ampel) dan starter yang digunakan adalah bakteri asam laktat yang secara alami terdapat dalam bambu ampel tersebut. Bambu ampel yang digunakan sebagai inkubator itu ditutupi dengan daun pisang yang telah dilayukan. Bambu ampel ini mudah didapat, tersedia sepanjang tahun dan murah harganya. Masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak enam kali. Data yang diperoleh dianalisa dengan t test, keuntungan finansial dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa yogurt dengan teknologi alami mempunyai aroma lebih kuat secara nyata sebesar 14,29% dibandingkan yogurt dengan teknologi modern, tetapi teksturnya (kelembutannya) adalah sebaliknya, yogurt dengan teknologi modern lebih tinggi secara nyata sebesar 20,31% dibandingkan derngan yogurt teknologi alami. Namun demikian, perbedaan tersebut tidak menyebabkan perbedaan rasa di antara semuanya. Dalam hal ini rata-rata nilai rasa adalah sama (7,1). Artinya, kedua perlakuan tersebut mempunyai rasa sama. Namun demikian, keuntungan dari hasil penjualan yogurt dengan teknologi alami lebih tinggi (90,74%) dibandingkan teknologi modern (127,40% versus 10,80%). Kata kunci : yogurt, susu sapi segar, bakteri asam laktat, inkubator, bambu ampel

The purpose of the work was to develop technology, investigate the properties and quality indicators of yogurt using stevia extract. Experimental studies of organoleptic, physicochemical and microbiological parameters of yogurt were conducted in the laboratory of the milk and milk products technology department. At the first stage, yogurt formulations were developed using different amounts of stevia extract, namely 0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.5 %, 1.0 % by weight of the normalized mixture. The yogurt with the sugar addition 5.0 % of weight of the normalized mixture was the control sample. The aqueous extract of stevia was prepared as follows: 30 g of crushed dry raw material was poured into 250 ml of hot water and extracted in a flask under reflux in a boiling water bath for 30 minutes. The aqueous extract was filtered through a paper filter and evaporated to 100 ml. The obtained extract was used for further studies. Yogurt was made by thermostatic method. Bacterial preparation of direct application of FD DVS ABY-3 was added to the milk mixture cooled to a temperature of (37 ± 1) ºС. After stirring, sugar and stevia extract were added to the normalized mixture in the calculated amount. The mixture was stirred and packed in a glass container. After adding all the components, the mixture was fermented at a temperature of (37 ± 1) ºC. After fermentation the product was immediately cooled to a temperature of (4 ± 2) ºC in a refrigerator, and then sent for storage for 21 days. In fermented samples of yogurt during fermentation, the activity of acid formation was determined by changing the active and titrated acidity. The titratable acidity was determined according to GOST 3624-92 “Milk and dairy products. Titrometric methods for determining acidity”. Measurements of active acidity were performed using an electronic pH meter “Muttler Toledo MP220”. Organoleptic and physicochemical parameters were investigated in the finished product according to DSTU 4343:2004 “Yogurts. General technical conditions”. Microbiological parameters of yogurt with stevia extract during storage were examined on the 1, 7, 14 and 21st day according to DSTU IDF 117B:2003 “Yogurt. Determination of the number of characteristic microorganisms. The method of counting colonies at a temperature of 37 °C”. Experimentally it was found that the highest titrated (84 °T) and lowest active acidity (4.39 pH units) characterized for the sample with the addition of 1.0 % stevia extract. Yogurt obtained by adding stevia extract in the amount of 0.5 % was optimal for organoleptic characteristics. During storage of yogurt samples, the highest value of titratable acidity was observed in the control, which is explained by the maximum content of lactobacilli cells, but its organoleptic characteristics deteriorated. Determination of the number of viable lactobacilli cells in yogurt samples confirmed the assumption that their more active development was in the control and samples using 0.1 % stevia extract, which correlates with titrated acidity. For the production of yogurt with good organoleptic characteristics and probiotic properties, we propose to use in its technology 0.5 % stevia extract, as well as fermentation culture of direct application ABY-3 (Chr. Hansen). The use of stevia in the production of yogurt not only has a positive effect on the energy composition of the product, but improves organoleptic characteristics. Thus, there is possible to manufacture of the product in order to expand the range of dairy products available to people with diabetes, obesity and other diseases which involves reducing or completely eliminating sugar from your daily diet.

The use of dairy products and beverages containing substances useful for health is an effective means of strengthening the protective functions of the human body. The development of new products should be based on a reasonable selection of ingredients that form their composition and properties. One of the most relevant areas in the technology development of functional dairy products, including yogurt, is the identification and use of promising types of traditional plant crops and wild fruit and berry raw materials. The purpose of this work is to study the effect of different doses of a mixture of dry powder suspension of sprouted wheat, and mashed bilberries and blueberries on organoleptic characteristics, individual physical and chemical properties and safety of yogurt. The work is done in of the "Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy". While the research, a set of generally accepted standard research methods was used. Objects of research are samples of yogurt thermostatic with different doses of the components: 1.0; 1.5; 2.0; 2.5% of suspension of powder of sprouted wheat and 5.0; 7.0; 9.0; 11.0; 13.0% mashed bilberries and blueberries (1.5: 1.0). The fermentation was performed using dry starter cultures YO-MIX 495 LYO 100 DCU, Danisco Cultures. According to the results of a study designed and optimized component composition of yoghurt, selected dose, the stage and method of making milk of a mixture of additives, experimental studies on adjustment and sequence of technological modes of production of a particular group of samples of yoghurt. Optimal application dose of suspension of sprouted wheat powder in milk mixture amounted to 1.5%, puree of bilberries and blueberries(1.5:1.0) of 7.0%. In the obtained enriched sample the content of carbohydrates increases to 5.40–5.45%, the content of vitamin C-to 3.65-3.75 mg/%. Yogurt meets the requirements established CU TR 021/2011, CU TR 033/2013 and GOST 31981.

The production of dairy products is classified as an energyconsuming industry, which is due to the use of heat exchange processes involving steam as a heat carrier. Indicators of energy efficiency and energy conservation in the production of fermented milk products, including cottage cheese, may sharply decrease due to violations of the fermentation process of raw milk. The intervention of a biological factor – the development of viruses that lyse the cells of lactic acid bacteria, leads to the inhibition or suspension of fermentation. This affects the quality and safety of resulting products and the need to re-implement technological processes that increase energy consumption. Researches on the detection of bacteriophages in the course of technological processes for the production of cottage cheese and yogurt showed the presence of phages at all stages of the technology of fermented milk products. Areas were identified where bacteriophages were detected in large numbers, which could negatively affect the fermentation process of raw milk. The data obtained allowed us to identify critical control points in the technology of cottage cheese and yogurt, where bacteriophages should be monitored to prevent a decrease in energy efficiency and occurrence of additional energy costs.

1-4% of pulse fractions including pea protein and fiber, chickpea and lentil flour as well as soy flour and protein concentrate were selected and characterized. As preliminary results the functional properties of pulse ingredients are varied upon their protein content and pH of the food carrier. Orange juice, apple juice, yogurt and two probiotic fermented milk were selected for supplementation. 1% and 2% pulse fractions gave comparable results in terms of turbidity, cloud and visual stability, color and sensory attributes for both orange and apple juices beverages. All supplements improved the acidification rate of yogurt and probiotic cultures, but the highest effects were obtained with probiotic supplementation with lentil and soy flour. As for the main study, skim milk (9.5 % w/v solid content) was supplemented with 1-3% (w/v) lentil flour, pea flour or skim milk powder and they were inoculated with yogurt starter cultures or probiotic (L. rhamnosus). Acid production during the fermentation, the pH, syneresis, color, rheological properties (dynamic oscillation temperature sweep test at 4-50 ˚C), and sensory properties (only for yogurt) were studied after production and 28 days of refrigerated storage.1-3% lentil and pea flour enhanced acid production during yogurt fermentation, but the microbial population (CFU) of both S. thermophilus and L. bulgaricus were in the same range in all lentil and pea flour and skim milk supplemented yogurts, after production. Pea flour supplementation enhanced survival of L. bulgaricus after storage. The pH decreased from 4.5 to 4.1 in lentil flour and from 4.5 to 3.75 in pea flour supplemented yogurts, after 28 days. Syneresis in 1-2% lentil and pea flour supplemented yogurts was higher than other samples. In lentil supplemented yogurts, "a" and "L" values did not significantly differ in all samples and remained constant after 28 days whereas, "b" value increased as a result of supplementation. Pea flour supplementation did not alter redness or greenness of yogurts, but the yellowness was significantly higher than other yogurts. Yogurt with 3% lentil and pea flour had higher storage (G΄) and loss (G˝) moduli in comparison with samples supplemented with 1-3% skim milk and the control yogurt. 1-2% lentil and pea flour supplemented yogurt showed comparable sensory properties in comparison with 1-2% skim milk supplemented and control samples.1-3% lentil and pea flour enhanced acid production during probiotic fermentation, and the CFU's of L. rhamnosus were comparable with non-supplemented control sample after production. After 28 days, the CFU`s of 2% and 3% lentil supplemented probiotic were as high as 1% skim milk supplemented sample and the CFU`s of 3% pea flour supplemented probiotic was the highest followed by 3-2% skim milk and 1-2% pea flour supplemented samples. The pH decreased from 4.50 to 3.90 for lentil flour supplemented probiotics and from 4.50 to 4.04 for pea flour supplemented probiotics, over 28 days. Syneresis in 1-3% lentil and pea flour supplemented probiotic was significantly lower than other samples. All lentil flour supplemented samples had significantly lower "L" values and higher "b" and "a" values in comparison with skim milk supplemented samples. Pea flour supplementation slightly changed the color which was not as light as skim milk supplemented samples and they showed more yellowness in final product after production and storage. Probiotic fermented milk with 1-3% lentil and pea flour showed higher G΄ and G˝ in comparison with other samples.<br>Des légumineuses tels que des protéines et fibres de pois, farine de pois chiche, de lentille et de soja ont été sélectionnées et caractérisés. Des résultats préliminaires ont montré que des propriétés fonctionnelles ont variés en fonction de la teneur en protéines et du pH des légumineuses employées. Du jus d'orange et de pomme, du yogourt et deux laits fermentés à l'aide de probiotiques ont été supplémentés avec les différentes légumineuses à des taux de 1 à 4%. Les supplémentations à 1 et 2% ont donné des résultats comparables en termes de turbidité, de stabilité, de couleur et d'attributs sensoriels pour les jus d'orange et de pomme. L'addition de légumineuse a permis d'avoir une acidification plus rapide dans les yaourts et les cultures probiotiques, mais le effet le plus important a été obtenu avec farine de lentilles et le soja dans les cultures probiotiques. Comme précédemment, des laits écrémés (9,5% p/v) ont été supplémentés avec 1-3% (p/v) de farine de lentilles, de pois ou de poudre de lait écrémé. Ils ont été inoculés avec des cultures de yogourt, des probiotiques (L.rhamnosus). La production d'acide lors de la fermentation, le pH, la synérèse, la couleur, les propriétés rhéologiques (essai dynamique balayer oscillation de température à 40-50˚C), et les propriétés sensorielles (uniquement pour les yogourts) ont été étudiés après la production et durant 28 jours d'entreposage frigorifique. 1-3% de farine de lentilles ou de pois ont amélioré la production d'acide pendant la fermentation du yogourt, mais les UFC ont les même compte pour les laits suppléments que pour les témoins (lait écrémé). Il est a noter que L. bulgaricus avaient un meilleur taux de survie au jour 28 avec une supplémentation en farine de pois. La diminution du pH dans les yogourts est de 4,5 à 4,1 avec la farine de lentille et de 4,5 à 3,75 avec farine de pois, après 28 jours. La synérèse pour les yogourts supplémentés à 1 et 2% avec de la farine de lentille ou de pois était supérieure d'autres échantillons. Lorsque le taux de supplémentation augmente en farine de lentille ou de pois, il n'y a pas de différence significative pour les valeurs de a alors que la valeur b a augmenté en fonction de la supplémentation.Les yogourts faits de 1 a 3 % farine de lentilles et de pois 1 3% avaient un module élastique (G') et un module visqueux (G˝) plus élevés que les échantillons supplémentés en lait écrémé et que les témoins. Les Yogourts avec 1 à 2% de farine de lentilles et de pois possèdent des propriétés sensorielles comparable a celles des yogourts faits avec 1 a 2% de lait écrémé et celles des témoins. 1-3% de farine de lentilles ou de pois dans des laits avec probiotiques ont amélioré la production d'acide pendant la fermentation, et les UFC de L rhamnosus étaient comparable a ceux des témoins (lait écrémé) après production. Après 28 jours, les UFC pour les échantillons supplémentés avec 2 et 3% de farine de lentille étaient aussi élevées que ceux supplémentés avec 1% de lait écrème et les UFC pour les échantillons supplémentés avec 3% de farine de pois étaient plus élevées que ceux de tous les autres échantillons. Durant les 28 jours de production le pH diminue dans les laits probiotiques contenant de la farine de lentille de 4,50 à 3,90 et pour ceux contenant de la farine de pois de 4,50 à 4,04. La synérèse dans laits probiotiques avec 1 à 3% de farine de lentilles ou de pois a été significativement plus faible que les autres échantillons. Tous les échantillons contenant de farine de lentilles avaient significativement une valeur de L plus bas et des valeurs de b et a plus élevés en comparaison aux échantillons supplémentés en lait écrémé. L'addition de farine de pois a entraîné une modification de couleur b.Les laits probiotiques supplémentés avec 1 a 3 % de farine de lentilles et de pois ont des valeurs de G' et G˝ supérieures aux autres échantillons.

碩士<br>國立臺灣海洋大學<br>食品科學系<br>92<br>Abstract Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were used to ferment four dehulled adlay yogurts. Four dehulled adlay are: Taichung No. 1 (Tc1), Taichung Shuenyu No. 4 (Ts4), Thailand imported (Th), and Laos imported (La). The 3 g, 4 g, and 5 g four dehulled adlay yogurts that pH value under 4.6, titrable acid for 0.78-0.87%, and LAB counts above 8 log CFU/g, by Lactobacillus (Lb.) plantarum BCRC10069 (1%) and BCRC12250 (1%) fermented at 37oC for 24 hr. Four dehulled adlay yogurt cold water extracts (12.5 mg/mL) were proceeded three antioxidant test. The ability for scavenging DPPH free radical of 5 g Taichung No. 1 dehulled adlay yogurt (Tc1-f) was better, as 10.20%. As to the ability of chelating on Fe (II) ion, the results indicated that four dehulled adlay yogurts performed above 60% chelating effect on Fe (II) ion. In the antioxidant effect as measurement on inhibition of hemoglobin-induced linoleic acid oxidation, the results showed four dehulled adlay yogurts as 11.96-104.81% antioxidant activity. Four dehulled adlay yogurts that pH value from original 4.54-4.63 falls to 4.32-4.42, titrable acidity from 0.77-0.78% increases to 0.95-1.02%, LAB counts still maintain above 8 log CFU/g during 4oC for 14 days. The ability of scavenging DPPH free radical and chelating on Fe (II) ion with store time increase, the antioxidant activity was gradually decreased. S. typhimurium TA100 was used in the Ames test, and the results showed 3-5 g four dehulled adlay yogurt cold water extracts were antimutagenicity ability to 4NQO and B[a]P. In the immuno-cells physiology activity experiment, both Thailand (Th-f) and Laos’s dehulled adlay yogurts (La-f) were growth-promotion ability to human hybridoma HB4C5 cell, and to the human acute monocyte THP-1 cell, four dehulled adlay yogurts were growth-promotion ability. SD rats experience result discovers that yogurt diet had lower relative hepatic weight and body weight when compared with those animals fed with the control diet. Th-f diet had lower in liver cholesterol and triglyceride content. Dehulled adlay yogurt diet induced a decrease liver AST and ALT levels, and increase fecal content of rats. In addition, rats fed the Taichung Shuenyu No. 4 dehulled adlay yogurt (Ts4-f) diet had higher in fecal cholesterol and triglyceride content. A significant increase in cecal contents and a significant decrease in fecal pH value were observed in rats fed with the yogurt diet. It was interesting to note that rats fed with the dehulled adlay yogurt diet had elevated microbial count on fecal Lactobacillus (increased from 7.37 to 7.72 log CFU/g), Bifidobacterium (increased from 7.41 to 8.78 log CFU/g), and total anaerobes (increased from 8.72 to 9.85 log CFU/g), as depressed Clostridium (C.) perfringens count (decreased from 5.39 to 3.50 log CFU/g).

Андрушків К. В. Розробка технології йогурту з екстрактом чебрецю. Дослідження на здобуття освітнього рівня «магістр» з спеціальності 181 «Харчові технології». – Тернопільський національний технічний університет імені Івана Пулюя, Тернопіль, 2020. Кваліфікаційна робота полягає в розробці йогурту збагаченого екстракту чебрецю. У результаті проведених експериментів. встановлено залежність зміни динаміки титрованої кислотності від типу закваски,. показано, що оптимальними сенсорними властивостями володів йогурт отриманий з закваски «FD DVS YF-L811-Yo-Flex», який являє собою культуру з певною комбінацією штамів, що включає Streptococcus thermophilus (стрептокок) і Lactobacillus delbrueckii підвид bulgaricus. Встановлено оптимальний час сквашування молока для формування йогурту становить 4 - 5 год, концентрація екстракту чебрецю 1%, при цьому час сквашування зростав до 5,5 - 6 год, що пов’язано з антибактеріальними властивостями екстракту чебрецю. Тому, технологія отриманих нами йогуртів здійснюється резервуарним методом у межах традиційної технології, але різниться шляхом введення екстракту..<br>Andrushkiv K.V. Development of a yogurt drink with thyme extract. Research for obtaining an educational degree «Master» in specialty 181 «Food Technologies». – Ternopil Ivan Puluj National Technical University, 2020. Qualifying work is based on developing yogurt enriched with thyme extract. The dependence of the change in the dynamics of titratable acidity on the type of leaven is established. It is shown that the yogurt with the optimal sensory properties was obtained from the leaven "FD DVS YF-L811-Yo-Flex", which is a culture with a certain combination of strains that includes Streptococcus thermophilus (streptococcus) and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subspecies bulgaricus. The optimal time of fermentation of milk for the formation of yogurt is 4 - 5 hours, the concentration of thyme extract is 1%, while the fermentation time increased to 5.5 - 6 hours, which is due to the antibacterial properties of thyme extract. Therefore, the technology of yogurts obtained by us is carried out by the tank method within the traditional technology, but the difference is in the introduction of the extract.<br>Реферат Вступ 1 Огляд літератури 1.1 Використання плодово - ягідних і овочевих наповнювачів у виробництві йогуртів 1.2 Низькокалорійні і функціональні йогуртні напої 1.3 Традиційні технології та інноваційні прийоми в технологіях йогуртів 1.4 Заквасочні культури у технологіях виробництва йогуртів 1.5 Висновки з огляду літератури 2. Матеріали і методи досліджень 3. Результати досліджень та їх обговорення 3.1 Вплив заквасочних культур на процес сквашування і споживчі властивості йогуртів 3.2 Дослідження впливу концентрації екстракту чебрецю на кислотність та сенсорні властивості йогурту. 3.2.1. Аналізування впливу екстракту чебрецю на процес кислотоутворення і розмноження лактобактерій за ферментації молочної суміші 3.2.2. Аналізування йогурту з екстрактом чебрецю за органолептичними показниками 3.3 Дослідження режиму зберігання йогурту з екстрактом чебрецю на його показники. 3.4 3.4 Функціональна схема виготовлення йогурту з екстрактом чебрецю. Висновки і пропозиції виробництву 4. Охорона праці та безпека в надзвичайних ситуаціях 4.1 Страховий ризик і страховий випадок 4.2 Основні причини виробничого травматизму та професійних захворювань. 4.3 Забезпечення захисту молочних продуктів та сировини від радіоактивного забруднення. Список використаних джерел Додатки

The use of enzymes in food production, including dairy products, is below expected due the high costs associated with their production and purification. Microbial enzymes have great potential for industrial applications since they can be produced via large-scale fermentation and they are easily expressed by cloning in well-known cultivated microorganisms. The combination of different procedures such as over-expression techniques and the use of low costs induction sources has resulted in the production of enzymes to be used in high added-value dairy products. The addition of glucose oxidase to probiotic yogurts has been indicated as an alternative to the maintenance of probiotic functionality. Bile salt hydrolase contributes to prevention of hypercholesterolemia which is interesting to produce new functional dairy products. This chapter discusses enzyme sources and their relevance in dairy products, the production of enzymes using cloning and super-expression techniques, as well as enzymes related to functional dairy products.

Prior research conducted by our Institute has revealed the large quantities of food waste available in New York State, particularly in the Upstate corridor extending from Buffalo to Syracuse. The Finger Lakes region is heavily populated with agricultural operations, dairy farms and food processing plants, including those producing milk, yogurt, wine, and canned fruits and vegetables. The diverse supply of organic waste generated by these facilities offers the opportunity for sustainable energy production through one of three primary pathways: • Anaerobic digestion to produce methane • Fermentation to produce alcohols • Transesterification to produce biodiesel. Generally speaking, food wastes are better suited for biochemical conversion instead of thermo-chemical conversion (combustion, gasification, pyrolysis) due to their relatively high moisture content. The current paper provides an initial assessment of food wastes within the 9-County Finger Lakes region around Rochester, New York. Available databases were utilized to first identify all the relevant companies operating in one of four broad industry sectors: agriculture, food processing, food distribution and food services (including restaurants). Our analysis has demonstrated that anaerobic digestion can be a viable method for sustainable energy production from food waste in the Finger Lakes region, due to the dual economic benefits of effective disposal cost reduction and production of methane-rich biogas.