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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Yorktown'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Daley, Gwen Marie. "Paleocommunities of the Yorktown Formation (Pliocene) of Virginia." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39124.

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The fossiliferous Yorktown Formation (Pliocene) of Virginia was used as a natural laboratory for testing predictions of ecological and evolutionary theories. Specifically, coordinated stasis and ecological locking models have testable elements that can be analyzed using data from the Yorktown Formation. The ecological locking model requires that species within an ecosystem have strong interactions in order to stabilize morphologies of multiple lineages over millions of years. Species intereactions that are strong enough to do this should also be strong enough to be a major ordering force on the composition of paleocommunities. Single and replicate samples were taken from 30 cm stratigraphic intervals within the Rushmere and Morgart's Beach Members at several localities. A total of 142 samples were collected from 5 localites, which yielded 29,000 specimens belonging to 140 species of bivalves, gastropods, and other taxonomic groups. Principle components analysis, ANOVA, MANOVA, and other analyses were used to test the occurence and recurrence of local paleocommunities, paleocommunities, and paleocommunity types. Three paleocommunity types which occured under specific paleoenvironmental conditions were defined: rubbly bottom, transitional, and muddy bottom. Within a single locality samples from the same paleocommunity type yielded very similar faunal compositions, based on the relative abundance of the contained species. However, samples from the same paleocommunity type but different localities displayed low similarity values. This is consistant with local paleoenvironmental control of paleocommunity composition being more important than strong species interactions. The pattern predicted by the model of ecologic locking is absent from these Yorktown paleocommunities. A guild analysis was performed on the data to test whether the same types of organisms recurred in a predictable fashion under similar paleoenvironmental conditions. While the guild structure of the rubbly bottom paleocommunity type did recur at several localities, the guild structure of the other paleocommunity types varied greatly from place to place.
Ph. D.
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2

Bergeron, David L. "Fighting for Survival: USS Yorktown (CV5) Damage Control Experiences in 1942." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2016. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2125.

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This study reveals how the Pacific war changed at Coral Sea and Midway due to a little known but important cadre of sailors on USS Yorktown (CV5). Those US victories resulted from not only clever code breakers and courageous airmen but equally from the determined Damage Control (DC) crews aboard Yorktown. DC crews were the ship’s first responders. They fought fires, kept power and propulsion operable, controlled the ship’s stability, and patched her flight deck to keep aircraft flying. DC teams saved Yorktown multiple times, and their story is memorable for their contributions at Coral Sea and Midway. Without DC efforts, CV5 would not have participated in the battle of Midway. Without Yorktown, the commitment of only two American carriers (with one being virtually inexperienced) against four Japanese carriers with their skilled airmen would have yielded disaster for the United States at Midway instead of victory.
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3

Richter, Julie Caroline Julia. "In Pursuit of Urban Property: Lot holders in Colonial Yorktown and Williamsburg." W&M ScholarWorks, 1989. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625542.

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4

Powers, Emma Lou. "Landlords, Tenants, and Rental Property in Williamsburg and Yorktown, Virginia, 1730-1780." W&M ScholarWorks, 1990. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625564.

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5

Tilley, Margaret Susan. ""Costing Not Less Than Everything": Yorktown, Virginia, and the Price of War." W&M ScholarWorks, 2006. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539720320.

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6

Ecker, Jordan Margaret-May. "Entertaining Education or Purely Entertainment: A Case Study of the Yorktown Victory Center." W&M ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626744.

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7

Renner, Kimberly Suzanne. "Yorktown, Tobacco, and Slaves: The Rise and Decline of a Colonial Port in Virginia." W&M ScholarWorks, 2006. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539624395.

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8

Daoulas, John Christos. "Finite element analyses of pile load tests performed in the Yorktown formation, Newport News, Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43588.

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9

McDonald, Bradley Michael. "African-American Family and Society on the Lands of the Yorktown Naval Weapons Station, 1862-1880." W&M ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625861.

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10

Lutton, Hank D. ""After Me Cometh a Builder": The Symbolic Landscape of Secretary Nelson's Yorktown Estate and its Transformation." W&M ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626448.

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11

Herman, Julie D. "Fossil preservation and the effects of groundwater leaching on fossils in the Yorktown Formation (Upper Pliocene), Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/90972.

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Patterns of fossil diagenesis caused by groundwater leaching provide insight into how shells are altered. This study analyzes fossils in unconsolidated terrigenous sediments from the Virginia Coastal Plain, unlike previous studies conducted mostly in carbonate terranes. The vertical and lateral distribution of diagenetic states was mapped in an outcrop (63 m by 2.1 m) of the Yorktown Formation. A paleostream channel located at one end was incised during the Pleistocene and filled with sediments of the Shirley Formation. The Tabb Formation unconformably overlies the outcrop. Acidic groundwater caused the observed patterns of fossil and sediment diagenesis. These patterns include zones of fossil alteration, diagenetic stratification of the sediment, and fossil diagenesis on a microstructural level. Groundwater movement, controlled by the presence of the paleochannel, caused diagenetic alteration or complete dissolution of the fossils, and possibly caused precipitation of fine-grained iron oxyhydroxides. All carbonate material in the vicinity of the paleochannel is completely dissolved away, although iron oxyhydroxide coatings of fossils remain. Away from the paleochannel Crepidula fornicata (gastropod; aragonite), Ostrea sp. (bivalve; calcite), Balanus sp. (barnacle; calcite), and bryozoans (calcite) are found in parallel zones of alteration that dip toward the paleochannel and cut across horizontal sedimentologic and fossiliferous layers. Groundwater also leached the Yorktown sediments. This alteration caused a diagenetic stratification of the sediment, with unaltered greenish-gray silty fine sand along the base of the outcrop, overlain by leached yellowish-brown silty fine sand and areas of concentrated iron oxyhydroxides. The preservation of both aragonitic and calcitic shells was affected by groundwater movement. Original aragonitic shell material is found as chalky, uncrystallized specimens or neomorphosed shells, or is completely dissolved with only molds or ghosts remaining. Neomorphosed specimens typically consist of calcite-replaced shell material with pockets of original aragonite, and sparry calcite filling empty shell cavities. Original calcitic shell material is either chalky or unaltered. Chalky shells range from relatively hard to soft and pasty. Crepidula shells of intermediate chalkiness tend to separate into thin flakes, caused by dissolution along growth surfaces. Chalkiness of pasty shells is caused by dissolution of shell material (without recrystallization) and not simply loss of organic matrix. SEM photos of Crepidula reveal the more porous and leached appearance of chalky shells in contrast with hard; unaltered shells. The presence of chalky aragonitic and calcitic shells indicates that chalky textures are, to some degree, independent of mineralogy and microstructure.
M.S.
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12

Broadwater, John D. "Yorktown Shipwreck 44YO88: Stores and Cargo from a British Naval Supply Vessel from the American War for Independence." W&M ScholarWorks, 1989. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625489.

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13

Crowell, Mark. "Faunal variation and its potential for sampling bias in the Morgarts Beach Member of the Yorktown Formation (Pliocene)." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43396.

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A detailed statistical study was performed on molluscan fossil assemblages collected from the Pliocene Morgarts Beach Member of the Yorktown Formation, located in Isle of Wight County, southeast Virginia. The principal objectives of this study were to examine potential sampling problems and biases inherent in paleontological research. This has been accomplished by statistically testing for the homogeneity, or lack thereof, in species assemblages obtained from samples collected from three localities within the Morgarts Beach Member. Multivariate analysis of variance, two-way analysis of variance, multiple comparison tests and cluster analysis were performed on data collected from a five horizon by five section sampling grid (18 feet [5.5 meters] high, 21 feet [6.4 meters] long) located at Morgarts Beach, Virginia. The results of this analysis demonstrate that the relative abundances of species present in the five horizons are significantly different, whereas the relative abundances of species present in the five sections are not significantly different. Results from cluster analysis show that species assemblages contained in samples collected from the Morgarts Beach Member located at Rushmere are substantially different from the Morgarts Beach type area assemblages, in terms of relative abundances of species. The reason for the lack of faunal similarity relates to the documented facies change between the two localities. The results demonstrate that there is no reliable method to obtain accurate census data (frequency abundance curves) from biostratigraphic or lithostratigraphic units deposited during anything but a restricted time interval. In addition, replicate sampling was found to be unnecessary when attempting to determine the relative abundances of species contained in closely spaced sections within the Morgarts Beach Member. Species accumulation curves were constructed from the data collected from the Morgarts Beach Member. Examination of these curves demonstrate that many rare species will not be found unless extensive collecting is undertaken.
Master of Science
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14

Nager, Cody. "Fear, Foreigners and Federalism: The Naturalization Act of 1790 and American Citizenship/foundering Friendship: French Disillusionment after the Battle of Yorktown." W&M ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1516639569.

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The Naturalization Act of 1790’s requirements of residency and “good character,” reveal that the First Congress set the limits on the access of immigrants to citizenship to mostly restrict European foreigners, rather than African Americans or Native Americans. These residency and “good character” clauses resulted from a combination of concerns regarding foreigners that came to prominence during the Confederation Period. Among these fears were the perceived abilities of immigrants to the gain control over land in the trans-Appalachian West and control over political influence in the unstable political order after the American Revolution. These worries about national stability were inflamed by long standing concerns over integration of immigrants on the basis of language or tendencies towards “monarchism,” which were seen as contrary to republican values. Using British legal understanding of subjecthood and naturalization, policymakers in the First Congress framed the Naturalization Act of 1790 as a narrower definition of citizenship derived from prejudice against foreign outsiders. The conception of the United States as an asylum for mankind came to ironic demise through the republican principles it sought to uphold. On October 22, 1782, a Westchester County sheriff entered the Crompond, New York headquarters of the French Expeditionary Force to the Americas to arrest General Rochambeau. The shocking treatment of Rochambeau revealed the increasing tensions in the Franco-American relations that began after the Battle of Yorktown and developed through the winter residence of the French Army in Williamsburg, Virginia. Historians of the Franco-American relationship, such as Durand Echeverria and Peter P. Hill, commonly suggest the beginning of the Confederation Period as the start of French disillusionment, relying on French views of confederation politics as “chaos or fears of an “imperial reconciliation” as motivation for the decline. However, a comparison in the rhetoric by the French Expeditionary Force over the winter at Newport in 1780-1781 and the winter in Williamsburg in 1781-1782 revealed that discourteous observations in journals of French officers dramatically increased. Additionally, the claims letters sent by common Virginians to the governor’s office suggest that the quartered French soldiers had worn out their welcome, even as the government officials attempted continuing displays of friendship. The process of Franco-American disillusionment occurred just after General Cornwallis’s defeat at Yorktown and the loss of a common American and French objective.
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15

Stuck, Kenneth Edward. "Social Stratification in York County, Virginia, 1860-1919: A Study of Whites and African-Americans on the Lands of the Yorktown Naval Weapons Station." W&M ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625955.

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16

McKeever, Lauren Joann. "Geographical variation in the genus Astarte (Phylum Mollusca: Class Bivalvia) from the Yorktown and Jackson Bluff formations (early Pliocene) of the Atlantic coastal plain." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43739.

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Geographical variation in taxa must be considered in evolutionary studies. The purpose of the present study is to demonstrate how geographical variation can be measured and documented for a taxon for one slice of time. Future evolutionary studies should document geographical variation for the entire geographical range of the species involved at several points of time throughout its total stratigraphic range. Thus the variation that is present at one time horizon may be separated from the variation that occurs through time. This work consists of a study of geographical variation in the genus Astarte (Phylum Mollusca: Class Bivalvia) from the Yorktown and Jackson Bluff Formations (early Pliocene) of the Atlantic Coastal Plain. Factor analysis, multivariate analysis of variance, and discriminant analysis were performed on measurements of specimens of Astarte from ten localities. There are significant differences in the morphologies of individuals among localities. These differences are due to the presence of different species of Astarte and to variation in size and external ornamentation within the same species. Seven species recognized from literature on Pliocene Astarte were identified among the individuals of the ten localities, but the statistical results indicate that these seven species may be grouped into three "types" that mayor may not represent species. The three types occur together in some localities, suggesting that they are distinct species living in sympatry. Factors influencing geographical variation include larval dispersal strategy and the effect of the environment.
Master of Science
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17

Manos, Peter John. "Joseph Plumb Martin and the American Imagination." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1319769359.

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18

Barbour, Wood Susan L. "Quantitative Ecological and Taphonomic Patterns in Late Cenozoic Mollusk-Dominated Marine Fossil Assemblages." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27710.

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Applications in paleontological research are far from being limited to taxonomic collection and identification. Nor is such research limited to working solely on fossil data. Actualistic paleontology is the study of modern or recent organisms and processes to better understand those of the past. The bulk of this body of research falls under the category of actualistic paleontology, and examines geochronological methods and error biases in dating biological specimens ranging in age from modern to thousands of years old. Although such methods are arguably not perfect, error rates of ± a few hundred to few thousand years can be extremely important when considering ecological relationships among both Holocene taxa and time-averaged paleocommunities, but quite diminished when considering implications on more traditional dating techniques for ancient strata. Regardless, understanding implications of time resolution is important in analyses of and comparisons between any biological dataset. The following chapters are united by quantitative and statistical management of data with varying levels of temporal resolution, and represent four manuscripts that either are in press or soon to be submitted for publication.
Ph. D.
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