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Journal articles on the topic 'Youngest Toba Tuff'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Song, S. R., C. H. Chen, M. Y. Lee, T. F. Yang, Y. Iizuka, and K. Y. Wei. "Newly discovered eastern dispersal of the youngest Toba Tuff." Marine Geology 167, no. 3-4 (July 2000): 303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0025-3227(00)00034-7.

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2

Shane, Phil, John Westgate, Martin Williams, and Ravi Korisettar. "New Geochemical Evidence for the Youngest Toba Tuff in India." Quaternary Research 44, no. 2 (September 1995): 200–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1995.1064.

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AbstractNew geochemical data on tephra samples from a layer present at several archeological sites in India support correlation of this layer to the Youngest Toba Tuff, erupted from northern Sumatra about 74,000 yr ago. The data show that the Indian tephra layer is not a correlative of older tephra erupted from Toba, as has been suggested on the basis of artifact assemblages. Previously published geochemical data on the Indian tephra beds was based on bulk ash samples containing mineral and clay contaminants, and the resulting variability in analyses did not allow identification or discrimination of individual eruptive events. Our new data were collected on individual glass shards and small, purified glass separates which have greater resolving power in fingerprinting. Acheulian and Paleolithic artifacts found at some of the Indian tephra sites do not reflect the antiquity of the tephra bed, as they occur in fluvial sediments and may be reworked.

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3

WESTGATE, J. A., N. J. G. PEARCE, W. T. PERKINS, S. J. PREECE, C. A. CHESNER, and R. F. MUHAMMAD. "Tephrochronology of the Toba tuffs: four primary glass populations define the 75‐ka Youngest Toba Tuff, northern Sumatra, Indonesia." Journal of Quaternary Science 28, no. 8 (November 2013): 772–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jqs.2672.

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4

Mishra, Sheila, and S. N. Rajagura. "Comment on “New Geochemical Evidence for the Youngest Toba Tuff in India”." Quaternary Research 46, no. 3 (November 1996): 340–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1996.0072.

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5

Westgate, John A., Nicholas J. G. Pearce, Emma Gatti, and Hema Achyuthan. "Distinction between the Youngest Toba Tuff and Oldest Toba Tuff from northern Sumatra based on the area density of spontaneous fission tracks in their glass shards." Quaternary Research 82, no. 2 (September 2014): 388–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2014.07.001.

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AbstractDetermination of the area density of spontaneous fission tracks (ρs) in glass shards of Toba tephra is a reliable way to distinguish between the Youngest Toba Tuff (YTT) and the Oldest Toba Tuff (OTT). The ρsvalues for YTT, uncorrected for partial track fading, range from 70 to 181 tracks/cm2with a weighted mean of 108 ± 5 tracks/cm2, based on 15 samples. Corrected ρsvalues for YTT are in the range of 77–140 tracks/cm2with a weighted mean of 113 ± 8 tracks/cm2, within the range of uncorrected ρsvalues. No significant difference in ρsexists between YTT samples collected from marine and continental depositional settings. The uncorrected ρsfor OTT is 1567 ± 114 tracks/cm2so that confusion with YTT is unlikely.The ρsvalues of the Toba tephra at Bori, Morgaon, and Gandhigram in northwestern India indicate a YTT identity, in agreement with geochemical data on their glass shards, the presence of multiple glass populations, and a glass fission-track age determination. Therefore, the view of others that OTT is present at these sites – and thereby indicates an early Pleistocene age for the associated Acheulean artifacts – is incorrect.

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6

Gatti, E., A. J. Durant, P. L. Gibbard, and C. Oppenheimer. "Youngest Toba Tuff in the Son Valley, India: a weak and discontinuous stratigraphic marker." Quaternary Science Reviews 30, no. 27-28 (December 2011): 3925–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.10.008.

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7

Pattan, J. N., Phil Shane, and V. K. Banakar. "New occurrence of Youngest Toba Tuff in abyssal sediments of the Central Indian Basin." Marine Geology 155, no. 3-4 (March 1999): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0025-3227(98)00160-1.

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8

Reid, Mary R., and Jorge A. Vazquez. "Fitful and protracted magma assembly leading to a giant eruption, Youngest Toba Tuff, Indonesia." Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 18, no. 1 (January 2017): 156–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016gc006641.

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9

Srivastava, Ashok K., and Ajab Singh. "Nature, Occurrence, and Lithological Setup of Youngest Toba Tuff Volcanic Ash, Purna Alluvial Basin, Central India." Journal of Geology 127, no. 6 (November 2019): 593–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/705326.

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10

Blinkhorn, James, Victoria C. Smith, Hema Achyuthan, Ceri Shipton, Sacha C. Jones, Peter D. Ditchfield, and Michael D. Petraglia. "Discovery of Youngest Toba Tuff localities in the Sagileru Valley, south India, in association with Palaeolithic industries." Quaternary Science Reviews 105 (December 2014): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.09.029.

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11

Gardner, James E., Paul W. Layer, and Malcolm J. Rutherford. "Phenocrysts versus xenocrysts in the youngest Toba Tuff: Implications for the petrogenesis of 2800 km3 of magma." Geology 30, no. 4 (2002): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<0347:pvxity>2.0.co;2.

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12

Gatti, Emma, Mokhtar Saidin, Khairunnisa Talib, NurAsikin Rashidi, Philip Gibbard, and Clive Oppenheimer. "Depositional processes of reworked tephra from the Late Pleistocene Youngest Toba Tuff deposits in the Lenggong Valley, Malaysia." Quaternary Research 79, no. 2 (March 2013): 228–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2012.11.006.

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AbstractTwo fundamental issues for tephrostratigraphic work are the differentiation of primary from reworked tephra and the characterization of reworking mechanisms. We study the depositional processes of four deposits of Youngest Toba Tuff in the Lenggong valley, Malaysia. We focus on site stratigraphy, particle-size distributions, magnetic susceptibility and mineralogical associations. Reworked tephra display variable sedimentological characteristics including polymodal and unimodal, very fine to coarse-grained distributions, and variable concentrations of ash. Particle-size distributions from this study are similar to published analyses for primary deposits, demonstrating that particle size alone cannot distinguish primary from secondary tephra. The tephra sequences are associated with fluvial and colluvial deposition. Three facies are identified: flood flow, mudflow and slumping. The ash accumulated rapidly, over a period of a few days to months. In this valley the ideal site for paleoenvironmental reconstructions is Kampung Luat 3, where ash accumulated at least in two distinct phases. Despite the rapid accumulation, the Lenggong sites are not well-suited for paleoenvironmental studies of the YTT impact. The time lag between the primary deposition and the floods is unknown and the records could have been modified by site-specific characteristics. Such variables should be considered when proposing paleo-environmental reconstructions based on reworked tephra.

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13

Neudorf, C. M., R. G. Roberts, and Z. Jacobs. "Assessing the time of final deposition of Youngest Toba Tuff deposits in the Middle Son Valley, northern India." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 399 (April 2014): 127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.02.014.

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14

Lane, C. S., B. T. Chorn, and T. C. Johnson. "Reply to Roberts et al.: A subdecadal record of paleoclimate around the Youngest Toba Tuff in Lake Malawi." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110, no. 33 (June 21, 2013): E3048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1309815110.

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15

Schulz, Hartmut, Kay-Christian Emeis, Helmut Erlenkeuser, Ulrich von Rad, and Christian Rolf. "The Toba Volcanic Event and Interstadial/Stadial Climates at the Marine Isotopic Stage 5 to 4 Transition in the Northern Indian Ocean." Quaternary Research 57, no. 1 (January 2002): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.2001.2291.

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AbstractThe Toba volcanic event, one of the largest eruptions during the Quaternary, is documented in marine sediment cores from the northeastern Arabian Sea. On the crest of the Murray Ridge and along the western Indian continental margin, we detected distinct concentration spikes and ash layers of rhyolithic volcanic shards near the marine isotope stage 5–4 boundary with the chemical composition of the “Youngest Toba Tuff.” Time series of the Uk′37-alkenone index, planktic foraminiferal species, magnetic susceptibility, and sediment accumulation rates from this interval show that the Toba event occurred between two warm periods lasting a few millennia. Using Toba as an instantaneous stratigraphic marker for correlation between the marine- and ice-core chronostratigraphies, these two Arabian Sea climatic events correspond to Greenland interstadials 20 and 19, respectively. Our data sets thus depict substantial interstadial/stadial fluctuations in sea-surface temperature and surface-water productivity. We show that variable terrigenous (eolian) sediment supply played a crucial role in transferring and preserving the productivity signal in the sediment record. Within the provided stratigraphic resolution of several decades to centennials, none of these proxies shows a particular impact of the Toba eruption. However, our results are additional support that Toba, despite its exceptional magnitude, had only a minor impact on the evolution of low-latitude monsoonal climate on centennial to millennial time scales.

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16

Acharyya, Subhrangsu Kanta, and Prabir Kumar Basu. "Toba Ash on the Indian Subcontinent and Its Implications for Correlation of Late Pleistocene Alluvium." Quaternary Research 40, no. 1 (July 1993): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1993.1051.

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AbstractThe Toba ash occurs extensively in the Indian subcontinent and marks a ca. 74,000-yr-old event. In the Bay of Bengal and Indian Ocean it is about 10 cm thick, whereas in several alluvial basins, it is usually 1-3 m thick. The latter occurs in a partly reworked state but as nearly chemically pure first-cycle sediments, The ash has a broad northwesterly dispersal pattern. Samples of ash from the Indian subcontinent compare closely with the youngest (74,000 yr B.P.) Toba Tuff and the deep-sea Toba ash in bulk chemical composition, REE signature, and bubble-wall shard morphology. However, a more proximally located and thicker (2-5 m) ash-bed, from the alluvial basins in the gneissic area and close to east coast, has a lower magnitude negative Eu anomaly, possibly because of minor contamination by feldspathic silt. Quaternary sediments in the central Narmada and middle Son basins contain rich late and middle Pleistocene mammalian and cultural records. Based on the presence of the ash layer marker and stratigraphic relations, late Pleistocene sediments within the subcontinent can be correlated with those from central India and the deep sea.

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17

Shane, Phil, John Westgate, Martin Williams, and Ravi Korisettar. "Reply to Comments by S. Mishra and S. N. Rajaguru on “New Geochemical Evidence for the Youngest Toba Tuff in India”." Quaternary Research 46, no. 3 (November 1996): 342–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1996.0073.

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18

Pearce, Nicholas J. G., John A. Westgate, Guilherme A. R. Gualda, Emma Gatti, and Ros F. Muhammad. "Tephra glass chemistry provides storage and discharge details of five magma reservoirs which fed the 75 ka Youngest Toba Tuff eruption, northern Sumatra." Journal of Quaternary Science 35, no. 1-2 (October 14, 2019): 256–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3149.

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19

Neudorf, Christina M. "Assessing the time of final deposition of a Youngest Toba Tuff deposit in the Middle Son Valley, India – a luminescence approach using multiple methods." Quaternary International 279-280 (November 2012): 349–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.08.1046.

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20

Mucek, Adonara E., Martin Danišík, Shanaka L. de Silva, Daniel P. Miggins, Axel K. Schmitt, Indyo Pratomo, Anthony Koppers, and Jack Gillespie. "Resurgence initiation and subsolidus eruption of cold carapace of warm magma at Toba Caldera, Sumatra." Communications Earth & Environment 2, no. 1 (September 3, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43247-021-00260-1.

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AbstractSupervolcanoes like Toba Caldera, Sumatra, produce the largest eruptions on Earth. However, the magmatic conditions and processes during the period of recovery after catastrophic supereruptions, known as resurgence, are poorly understood. Here we use Bayesian statistical analysis and inverse thermal history modelling of feldspar argon-argon and zircon uranium-thorium/helium ages to investigate resurgence after the 74-thousand-year-old Youngest Toba Tuff eruption. We identify a discordance of up to around 13.6 thousand years between older feldspar and younger zircon ages. Our modelling suggests cold storage of feldspar antecrysts prior to eruption for a maximum duration of around 5 and 13 thousand years at between 280 °C and 500 °C. We propose that the solidified carapace of remnant magma after the Youngest Toba Tuff eruption erupted in a subsolidus state, without being thermally remobilized or rejuvenated. Our study indicates that resurgent uplift and volcanism initiated approximately 5 thousand years after the climactic caldera forming supereruption.

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21

Costa, Antonio, Victoria C. Smith, Giovanni Macedonio, and Naomi E. Matthews. "The magnitude and impact of the Youngest Toba Tuff super-eruption." Frontiers in Earth Science 2 (August 4, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2014.00016.

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22

Srivastava, Ashok K., Ajab Singh, Natwar Sharma, and Neloy Khare. "Weathering pattern of Youngest Toba Tuff, Purna alluvial basin, Central India." Arabian Journal of Geosciences 13, no. 14 (July 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12517-020-05641-y.

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23

Ito, Hisatoshi. "Magmatic history of the Oldest Toba Tuff inferred from zircon U–Pb geochronology." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1 (October 15, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-74512-z.

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Abstract The magmatic history of the Oldest Toba Tuff (OTT), the second largest in volume after the Youngest Toba Tuff (YTT), northern Sumatra, Indonesia, was investigated using U–Pb zircon dating by LA-ICP-MS. Zircon dates obtained from surface and interior sections yielded ages of 0.84 ± 0.03 Ma and 0.97 ± 0.03 Ma, respectively. The youngest OTT zircon ages were in accordance with the 40Ar/39Ar eruption age of ~ 0.8 Ma, whereas the oldest zircon dates were ~ 1.20 Ma. Therefore, the distribution of zircon U–Pb ages is interpreted to reflect protracted zircon crystallization, suggesting that the estimated 800–2,300 km3 of OTT magma accumulated and evolved for at least 400,000 years prior to eruption. This result is comparable to the volume and timescales of YTT magmatism. The similarities of both magmatic duration and geochemistry between OTT and YTT may indicate that they are similar in size and that the caldera collapse that generated OTT might be much larger previously interpreted.

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24

Gatti, E., I. M. Villa, H. Achyuthan, P. L. Gibbard, and C. Oppenheimer. "Geochemical variability in distal and proximal glass from the Youngest Toba Tuff eruption." Bulletin of Volcanology 76, no. 9 (August 22, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-014-0859-x.

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25

Srivastava, Ashok K., and Ajab Singh. "Geochemistry and constrained 40Ar/39Ar dating of Youngest Toba Tuff glass shards, Purna alluvial basin, Central India." Journal of Earth System Science 130, no. 1 (February 3, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12040-020-01513-x.

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26

Tierney, C. R., and M. R. Reid. "Quartz‐Hosted Melt Inclusions as Windows Into Magma Assembly and Storage Processes in the Youngest Toba Tuff." Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 22, no. 8 (July 28, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020gc009564.

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27

Srivastava, Ashok Kumar, Ajab Singh, Ros Fatihah Binti Haji Muhammad, Jinnappa Pattan, Natwar Sharma, Gopal Parthiban, and Neloy Khare. "Geochemical characterization and regional correlation of Youngest Toba Tuff (YTT, 75 ka) glass shards, Purna alluvial basin, Central India." Arabian Journal of Geosciences 14, no. 19 (September 15, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-07848-z.

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28

Tierney, Casey R., Mary R. Reid, Jorge A. Vazquez, and Craig A. Chesner. "Diverse late-stage crystallization and storage conditions in melt domains from the Youngest Toba Tuff revealed by age and compositional heterogeneity in the last increment of accessory phase growth." Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 174, no. 4 (April 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00410-019-1566-6.

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29

Dennell, Robin. "Geoarchaeology in India in the 21st Century: an Outsider's Perspective." Geological Society, London, Special Publications, April 12, 2021, SP515–2020–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp515-2020-202.

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AbstractProgress over the last 20 years in establishing reliable benchmarks in the Paleolithic of India has been uneven but major successes have been the dating of the earliest Acheulean assemblages in India; the dating of the onset of the Middle Stone Age; the dating of the earliest microlithic assemblages in India; and the dating of the antiquity of human occupation of rain forests in South India and Sri Lanka. Also important is our greater understanding of the Younger Toba Tuff and the impact of the Toba megaeruption 74 ka ago on hominin populations in India. Major uncertainties persist over when the genus Homo first entered South Asia; when our own species, H. sapiens first entered South Asia; the age of the earliest blade assemblages in India; and the antiquity of its rock art.

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